Дисертації з теми "Acquisition de modeles"
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1
Thomas, Jérôme. "Vers l'integration de l'apprentissage symbolique et de l'acquisition de connaissances basee sur les modeles : le systeme enigme." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066759.
Анотація:
Dans cette these, nous presentons une approche permettant une integration entre apprentissage symbolique et acquisition de connaissances qui ne se reduise pas a une simple juxtaposition. La notion de biais d'apprentissage y joue un role central. Nous montrons que la methode de resolution de problemes que le systeme final doit suivre, ainsi que des modeles du domaine, peuvent etre utilises pour guider efficacement un systeme d'apprentissage. La plupart des entrees d'un tel systeme peuvent donc etre issues du modele d'expertise des methodologies kads ou vital. L'utilisation de ces connaissances comme biais d'apprentissage permet (1) d'engendrer, a l'aide d'un outil d'apprentissage, des connaissances destinees a une architecture de systeme expert de seconde generation ; (2) de donner une semantique aux connaissances qui contraignent les resultats de l'apprentissage, en s'appuyant sur leur role durant la resolution de problemes ; (3) d'utiliser les outils developpes par l'acquisition des connaissances pour acquerir le biais d'apprentissage ; et, enfin, (4) de fournir a l'ingenieur cogniticien de nouveaux outils d'explicitation dans un banc logiciel d'acquisition des connaissances basee sur les modeles. Cela est rendu possible par le fait que le systeme d'apprentissage prend en compte les connaissances acquises et deja modelisees pour en apprendre de nouvelles, garantissant ainsi une certaine coherence entre ces differentes connaissances. Nous presentons aussi enigme, le systeme que nous avons mis en uvre pour valider ces idees. Un scenario d'utilisation de ce systeme sur un domaine d'application issu du jeu de bridge est decrit.
2
Preuksakarn, Chakkrit. "Acquisition et validation de modèles architecturaux virtuels de plantes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859843.
Анотація:
Les modèles virtuels de plantes sont visuellement de plus en plus réalistes dans les applications infographiques. Cependant, dans le contexte de la biologie et l'agronomie, l'acquisition de modèles précis de plantes réelles reste un problème majeur pour la construction de modèles quantitatifs du développement des plantes.Récemment, des scanners laser 3D permettent d'acquérir des images 3D avec pour chaque pixel une profondeur correspondant à la distance entre le scanner et la surface de l'objet visé. Cependant, une plante est généralement un ensemble important de petites surfaces sur lesquelles les méthodes classiques de reconstruction échouent. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode pour reconstruire des modèles virtuels de plantes à partir de scans laser. Mesurer des plantes avec un scanner laser produit des données avec différents niveaux de précision. Les scans sont généralement denses sur la surface des branches principales mais recouvrent avec peu de points les branches fines. Le cœur de notre méthode est de créer itérativement un squelette de la structure de la plante en fonction de la densité locale de points. Pour cela, une méthode localement adaptative a été développée qui combine une phase de contraction et un algorithme de suivi de points.Nous présentons également une procédure d'évaluation quantitative pour comparer nos reconstructions avec des structures reconstruites par des experts de plantes réelles. Pour cela, nous explorons d'abord l'utilisation d'une distance d'édition entre arborescence. Finalement, nous formalisons la comparaison sous forme d'un problème d'assignation pour trouver le meilleur appariement entre deux structures et quantifier leurs différences.
3
Gindullin, Ramiz. "Learning concise constraint models from error-free data : studies on learning Boolean-arithmetic equations and short-term scheduling models." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0393.
Анотація:
Utilisant la programmation logique par contrainte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de développer plusieurs techniques d'acquisition de contraintes pour les situations où nous disposons de données sans erreur. De telles situations rendent la majorité des techniques de ML inutilisables et de nouvelles approches sont nécessaires. Les techniques d'acquisition de contraintes proposées sont appliquées à deux cas d'utilisation : la recherche de nouvelles conjectures de limites fortes pour huit objets combinatoires et l'acquisition de contraintes à partir d'un calendrier de production à court terme unique et valide. Les contributions de la thèse comprennent (i) un modèle de contrainte pour acquérir des expressions booléennes-arithmétiques à partir de données, (ii) une base de données générée automatiquement de contraintes anti-réécriture qui empêchent la génération d'équations booléennes-arithmétiques simplifiables, (iii) un certain nombre de techniques de synthèse de formules qui peuvent acquérir une formule unique combinant plusieurs biais d'apprentissage, (iv) l'acquisition d'une variété de contraintes d'ordonnancement telles que les contraintes temporelles, de ressources, de calendrier et d'équipes, et dans ce dernier cas (v) la génération d'un modèle d'ordonnancement MiniZincUsing constraint logic programming, the goal of this thesis is to develop several constraint acquisition techniques for the situations where we have error-free data. Such situations render majority of ML techniques unusable and new approaches are required. The proposed constraint acquisition techniques are applied for two use cases: search for new sharp bounds conjectures for eight combinatorial objects and the constraint acquisition from a single valid short-term production schedule. The contributions of the thesis include (i) a constraint model to acquire Boolean-arithmetic expressions from data, (ii) an automatically generated database of anti-rewriting constraints that prevent the generation of simplifiable Boolean-arithmetic equations, (iii) a number of formulae synthesis techniques which can acquire a single formula combining several learning biases, (iv) the acquisition of a variety of scheduling constraints such as temporal, resource, calendar and shift constraints, and in this later case (v) the generation of a MiniZinc scheduling model
4
VAUTRIN, Florent. "Contribution a l'optimisation des memoires analogiques rapides et bas bruit dans les technologies submicroniques. Application aux chaines d'acquisition des trajectometres de la physique des particules." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006340.
Анотація:
Le domaine de la physique des particules necessite l'acquisition continue de donnees dans des memoires analogiques constituees de plusieurs millions de cellules de memorisation. Une cellule de memorisation etant un simple echantillonneur-bloqueur. Les contraintes imposees par l'environnement sur ces cellules sont drastiques. Un compromis entre surface, precision, vitesse et puissance dissipee est a trouver. L'etude peut se generaliser au domaine instrumental ou la non-linearite est la principale limitation a l'integration des systemes. L'etude presente e porte sur l'analyse quantitative de la non-linearite dans une cellule minimaliste en mode tension et en mode courant. Afin de determiner la precision ultime que l'on peut atteindre avec une structure minimaliste, des modeles polynomiaux ont ete etablis a partir des equations grands signaux des composants. L'etude des coefficients des polynomes a permis de degager des facteurs d'influence relatifs aux composants de la cellule. Ces modeles ont ete confrontes a des resultats de simulations et un circuit prototype a ete concu dans une technologie 0,25um afin de faire la correlation avec des resultats de mesures. Une resolution de 12 bits peut etre facilement obtenue en mode tension alors que 9 bits sont atteints en mode courant. Il est montre que le mode tension est beaucoup plus sensible aux parametres technologiques. Le mode courant apparait alors comme une alternative interessante pour la conception de memoires analogiques precises dans des technologies fortement submicroniques. Une description complete de l'elaboration des modeles et de leur exploitation est donnee dans ce manuscrit.
5
Waegner, Nicholas Paul. "Stochastic models for language acquisition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309214.
6
Buttery, P. J. "Computational models for first language acquisition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597195.
Анотація:
This work investigates a computational model of first language acquisition; the Categorical Grammar Learner or CGL. The model builds on the work of Villavicenio, who created a parametric Categorical Grammar learner that organises its parameters into an inheritance hierarchy, and also on the work of Buszkowski and Kanazawa, who demonstrated the learnability of a k-valued Classic Categorial Grammar (which uses only the rules of function application) from strings. The CGL is able to learn a k-valued General Categorial Grammar (which uses the rules of function application, function composition and Generalised Weak Permutation). The novel concept of Sentence Objects (simple strings, augmented strings, unlabelled structures and functor-argument structures) are presented as potential points from which learning may commence. Augmented strings (which are stings augmented with some basic syntactic information) are suggested as a sensible input to the CGL as they are cognitively plausible objects and have greater information content than strings alone. Building on the work of Siskind, a method for constructing augmented strings from unordered logic forms is detailed and it is suggested that augmented strings are simply a representation of the constraints placed on the space of possible parses due to a sting’s associated semantic content. The CGL make crucial use of a statistical Memory Module (constructed from a type memory and Word Order Memory) that is used to both constrain hypotheses and handle data which is noisy or parametrically ambiguous. A consequence of the Memory Module is that the CGL learns in an incremental fashion. This echoes real child learning as documented in Brown’s Stages of Language Development and also as alluded to by an included corpus study of child speech. Furthermore, the CGL learns faster when initially presented with simpler linguistic data; a further corpus study of child-directed speech suggests that this echoes the input provided to children. The CGL is demonstrated to learn from real data. It is evaluated against previous parametric learners (the Triggering Learning Algorithm of Gibson and Wexler and the Structural Triggers Learner of Fodor and Sakas) and is found to be more efficient.
7
Frank, Stella Christina. "Bayesian models of syntactic category acquisition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6693.
Анотація:
Discovering a word’s part of speech is an essential step in acquiring the grammar of a language. In this thesis we examine a variety of computational Bayesian models that use linguistic input available to children, in the form of transcribed child directed speech, to learn part of speech categories. Part of speech categories are characterised by contextual (distributional/syntactic) and word-internal (morphological) similarity. In this thesis, we assume language learners will be aware of these types of cues, and investigate exactly how they can make use of them. Firstly, we enrich the context of a standard model (the Bayesian Hidden Markov Model) by adding sentence type to the wider distributional context.We show that children are exposed to a much more diverse set of sentence types than evident in standard corpora used for NLP tasks, and previous work suggests that they are aware of the differences between sentence type as signalled by prosody and pragmatics. Sentence type affects local context distributions, and as such can be informative when relying on local context for categorisation. Adding sentence types to the model improves performance, depending on how it is integrated into our models. We discuss how to incorporate novel features into the model structure we use in a flexible manner, and present a second model type that learns to use sentence type as a distinguishing cue only when it is informative. Secondly, we add a model of morphological segmentation to the part of speech categorisation model, in order to model joint learning of syntactic categories and morphology. These two tasks are closely linked: categorising words into syntactic categories is aided by morphological information, and finding morphological patterns in words is aided by knowing the syntactic categories of those words. In our joint model, we find improved performance vis-a-vis single-task baselines, but the nature of the improvement depends on the morphological typology of the language being modelled. This is the first token-based joint model of unsupervised morphology and part of speech category learning of which we are aware.
8
Rodrigeuz-Sanchez, I. "Matrix models of second language vocabulary acquisition." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638702.
Анотація:
Most of the current research in L2 vocabulary acquisition has been too focused on what it is to learn a word, and has neglected how whole vocabularies grow or decline. In general, it is assumed that vocabulary gains and losses are incremental and follow a linear progression. This thesis postulates a model which considers several discrete stages of knowledge and accounts for the unstable nature of vocabulary knowledge, where words can change from one state to any other. Matrix algebra is a tool capable to operate with such a model and produce long-term forecasts of vocabulary size. Our experimental work describes the retention and the overall growth of the vocabulary of advanced learners of Spanish. These experiments show that forecasts of vocabulary size generated by the matrix model are far more accurate than those generated by a linear model. With data from two self-rating tasks containing a large number of words completed within a given lapse we build matrices which generate forecasts of vocabulary knowledge. These forecasts highly correlate to the actual knowledge measured three and four months later. This methodology is tested with subjects of various groups, using words from different frequency bands, and different measurement scales. In addition, we indicate ways of identifying matrices likely to generate inaccurate predictions. This methodology is considered one step forward towards the establishment of a model for L2 vocabulary acquisition.
9
Pasiouras, Fotios. "Development of bank acquisition targets prediction models." Thesis, Coventry University, 2005. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/ecf1b00d-da92-9bd2-5b02-fa4fab8afb0c/1.
Анотація:
This thesis develops a range of prediction models for the purpose of predicting the acquisition of commercial banks in the European Union using publicly available data. Over the last thirty years, there have been approximately 30 studies that have attempted to identify potential acquisition targets, all of them focusing on non-bank sectors. We consider that prediction models developed specifically for the banking industry are essential due to the unusual structure of banks' financial statements, differences in the environment in which banks operate and other specific characteristics of banks that in general distinguish them from non-financial firms. We focus specifically on the EU banking sector, where M&As activity has been considerable in recent years, yet academic research relating to the EU has been rather limited compared to the case of the US. The methodology for developing prediction models involved identifying past cases of acquired banks and combining these with non-acquired banks in order to evaluate the prediction accuracy of various quantitative classification techniques. In this study, we construct a base sample of commercial banks covering 15 EU countries, and financial variables measuring capital strength, profit and cost efficiency, liquidity, growth, size and market power, with data in both raw and country-adjusted (i.e. raw variables divided by the average of the banking sector for the corresponding country) form. In order to allow for a proper comparative evaluation of classification methods, we select common subsets of the base sample and variables with high discriminatory power, dividing the sample period (1998-2002) into training sub-sample for model development (1998-2000), and holdout sub-sample for model evaluation (2001-2002). Although the results tend to support the findings of studies on non-financial firms, highlighting the difficulties in predicting acquisition targets, the prediction models we develop show classification accuracies generally higher than chance assignment based on prior probabilities. We also consider the use of equal and unequal matched holdout samples for evaluation, and find that overall classification accuracy tends to increase in the unequal matched samples, implying that equal matched samples do not necessarily overstate the prediction ability of models. The main goal of this study has been to compare and evaluate a variety of classification methods including statistical, econometric, machine learning and operational research techniques, as well as integrated techniques combining the predictions of individual classification methods. We found that some methods achieved very high accuracies in classifying non-acquired banks, but at the cost of relatively poor accuracy performance in classifying acquired banks. This suggests a trade-off in achieving high classification accuracy, although some methods (e.g. Discriminant) performed reasonably well in terms of achieving balanced overall classification accuracies of above chance predictions. Integrated prediction models offer the advantage of counterbalancing relatively poor performance of some classification methods with good performance of others, but in doing so could not out-perform all individual classification methods considered. In general, we found that the outcome of which method performed best depended largely on the group classification accuracy considered, as well as to some extent on the choice of the discriminatory variables. Concerning the use of raw or country-adjusted data, we found no clear effect on the prediction ability of the classification methods.
10
Neo, Say Beng. "On some Markovian Salvo combat models." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FNeo.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Kress, Moshe; Szechtman, Roberto. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56). Also available in print.
11
Frermann, Lea. "Bayesian models of category acquisition and meaning development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25379.
Анотація:
The ability to organize concepts (e.g., dog, chair) into efficient mental representations, i.e., categories (e.g., animal, furniture) is a fundamental mechanism which allows humans to perceive, organize, and adapt to their world. Much research has been dedicated to the questions of how categories emerge and how they are represented. Experimental evidence suggests that (i) concepts and categories are represented through sets of features (e.g., dogs bark, chairs are made of wood) which are structured into different types (e.g, behavior, material); (ii) categories and their featural representations are learnt jointly and incrementally; and (iii) categories are dynamic and their representations adapt to changing environments. This thesis investigates the mechanisms underlying the incremental and dynamic formation of categories and their featural representations through cognitively motivated Bayesian computational models. Models of category acquisition have been extensively studied in cognitive science and primarily tested on perceptual abstractions or artificial stimuli. In this thesis, we focus on categories acquired from natural language stimuli, using nouns as a stand-in for their reference concepts, and their linguistic contexts as a representation of the concepts’ features. The use of text corpora allows us to (i) develop large-scale unsupervised models thus simulating human learning, and (ii) model child category acquisition, leveraging the linguistic input available to children in the form of transcribed child-directed language. In the first part of this thesis we investigate the incremental process of category acquisition. We present a Bayesian model and an incremental learning algorithm which sequentially integrates newly observed data. We evaluate our model output against gold standard categories (elicited experimentally from human participants), and show that high-quality categories are learnt both from child-directed data and from large, thematically unrestricted text corpora. We find that the model performs well even under constrained memory resources, resembling human cognitive limitations. While lists of representative features for categories emerge from this model, they are neither structured nor jointly optimized with the categories. We address these shortcomings in the second part of the thesis, and present a Bayesian model which jointly learns categories and structured featural representations. We present both batch and incremental learning algorithms, and demonstrate the model’s effectiveness on both encyclopedic and child-directed data. We show that high-quality categories and features emerge in the joint learning process, and that the structured features are intuitively interpretable through human plausibility judgment evaluation. In the third part of the thesis we turn to the dynamic nature of meaning: categories and their featural representations change over time, e.g., children distinguish some types of features (such as size and shade) less clearly than adults, and word meanings adapt to our ever changing environment and its structure. We present a dynamic Bayesian model of meaning change, which infers time-specific concept representations as a set of feature types and their prevalence, and captures their development as a smooth process. We analyze the development of concept representations in their complexity over time from child-directed data, and show that our model captures established patterns of child concept learning. We also apply our model to diachronic change of word meaning, modeling how word senses change internally and in prevalence over centuries. The contributions of this thesis are threefold. Firstly, we show that a variety of experimental results on the acquisition and representation of categories can be captured with computational models within the framework of Bayesian modeling. Secondly, we show that natural language text is an appropriate source of information for modeling categorization-related phenomena suggesting that the environmental structure that drives category formation is encoded in this data. Thirdly, we show that the experimental findings hold on a larger scale. Our models are trained and tested on a larger set of concepts and categories than is common in behavioral experiments and the categories and featural representations they can learn from linguistic text are in principle unrestricted.
12
McCandless, Michael Kyle. "Automatic acquisition of language models for speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36462.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-141).
by Michael Kyle McCanless.
M.S.
13
Clark, Stephen. "Class-based statistical models for lexical knowledge acquisition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341541.
Анотація:
This thesis is about the automatic acquisition of a particular kind of lexical knowledge, namely the knowledge of which noun senses can fill the argument slots of predicates. The knowledge is represented using probabilities, which agrees with the intuition that there are no absolute constraints on the arguments of predicates, but that the constraints are satisfied to a certain degree; thus the problem of knowledge acquisition becomes the problem of probability estimation from corpus data. The problem with defining a probability model in terms of senses is that this involves a huge number of parameters, which results in a sparse data problem. The proposal here is to define a probability model over senses in a semantic hierarchy, and exploit the fact that senses can be grouped into classes consisting of semantically similar senses. A novel class-based estimation technique is developed, together with a procedure that determines a suitable class for a sense (given a predicate and argument position). The problem of determining a suitable class can be thought of as finding a suitable level of generalisation in the hierarchy. The generalisation procedure uses a statistical test to locate areas consisting of semantically similar senses, and, as well as being used for probability estimation, is also employed as part of a re-estimation algorithm for estimating sense frequencies from incomplete data. The rest of the thesis considers how the lexical knowledge can be used to resolve structural ambiguities, and provides empirical evaluations. The estimation techniques are first integrated into a parse selection system, using a probabilistic dependency model to rank the alternative parses for a sentence. Then, a PP-attachment task is used to provide an evaluation which is more focussed on the class-based estimation technique, and, finally, a pseudo disambiguation task is used to compare the estimation technique with alternative approaches.
14
Lockerman, Yitzchak. "Facilitating the Acquisition of Realistic Material Appearance Models." Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10584954.
Анотація:
Over the last two decades, tools for rendering realistic three dimensional scenes have become available to anyone. Unfortunately, tools for acquiring realistic material appearance models to render have lagged behind. In this dissertation, we demonstrate a number of tools that provide low cost methods to capture these models. Particularly, we focus on two different aspects of appearance: the spatial variance encoded in texture and the subsurface scattering of light within an object.
Our first tool allows users to extract textures from arbitrary natural images. These images can be acquired from the web or captured by a camera. An interface then allows even a novice user to easily specify the minimum information needed to extract a desired texture. This tool is freely available as an online web application.
Next we provide a generalization of our first tool to allow for the extraction of all textures in an image at multiple levels of scale. In addition to creating more realistic textures, this allows the user to use this information in a number of novel ways to create new works of art.
Finally, we show that low cost consumer level equipment can be used to acquire the subsurface scattering properties of three dimensional objects. Additionally, we obtain geometric information from objects with strong subsurface scattering, a difficult challenge for most commercial shape acquisition systems.
We provide a discussion of future plans to continue our work to democratize material acquisition. This includes a design for a handheld version of our material acquisition system. We also discuss the possibility to apply our work to other fields such as medical imaging.
15
Mlakar, Joseph A. "Aggregate models for target acquisition in urban terrain." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMlakar.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research and M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Craig W. Rasmussen, Thomas M. Cioppa. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132). Also available online.
16
Van, den Honert Robin Charles. "Game-theoretic models for mergers and acquisitions." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22556.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the corporate merger process as a bargaining game, under the assumption that the two companies are essentially in conflict over the single issue of the price to be offered by the acquirer to the target. The first part of the thesis deals with the construction and testing of analytical game-theoretic models to explain the proportion of the synergy gains accruing to the target company under different assumptions about the players' a priori knowledge. Assuming full certainty amongst the players about the pre- and post-merger values of the companies, the distribution of gains between target and acquiring companies that would be consistent with the Nash-Kalai axioms is determined in principle. The resulting model depends on the players' utility functions, and is parameterised by the relative bargaining strength of the players and their risk aversion coefficients. An operational version of the model is fitted to empirical data from a set of 24 recent mergers of companies quoted on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The model is shown to have good predictive power within this data set. Under the more realistic assumption of shared uncertainty amongst the two players about the post-merger value of the combined company, a Nash-Kalai bargaining model incorporating this uncertainty is developed. This model is an improvement over those with complete certainty in that it offers improved model fit in terms of predicting the total amount paid by an acquirer, and is able to dichotomise this payment into a cash amount and a share transfer amount. The theoretical model produced some results of practical value. Firstly, a cash-only offer is never optimal. Conditions under which shares only should be tendered are identified. Secondly, the optimal offer amount depends on the form of payment and the level of perceived risk. In a share-only offer the amount is constant regardless of risk, whilst if cash is included an increase in risk will imply a decrease in the optimal amount of cash offered. The Nash-Kalai model incorporating shared uncertainty is empirically tested on the same data set used previously. This allows a comparison with earlier results and estimation of the extent of the uncertainty. An extension of this model is proposed, incorporating an alternative form of the utility functions. The second part of the thesis makes use of ideas from negotiation analysis to construct a dynamic model of the complex processes involved in negotiation. It offers prescriptive advice to one of the players on likely Pareto-optimal bargaining strategies, given a description of the strategy the other party is likely to employ. The model describes the negotiating environment and each player's negotiating strategy in terms of a few simple parameters. The model is implemented via a Monte Carlo simulation procedure, which produces expected gains to each player and average transaction values for a wide range of each of the players' strategies. The resulting two-person game bimatrix is analysed to offer general insights into negotiated outcomes, and using conventional game-theoretic and Bayesian approaches to identify "optimal" strategies for each of the players. It is shown that for the purposes of identifying optimal negotiating strategies, the players strategies (described by parameters which are continuous in nature) can be adequately approximated by a sparse grid of discrete strategies, providing that these discrete strategies are chosen so as to achieve an even spread across the set of continuous strategies. A sensitivity analysis on the contextual parameters shows that the optimal strategy pair is very robust to changes to the negotiating environment, and any such changes that have the players start negotiating from positions more removed from one another is more detrimental to the target. A conceptual decision support system which uses the model and simulated results as key components is proposed and outlined.
17
Rahman, Atiqur. "Technological progress and technology acquisition : models with and without rivalry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ64654.pdf.
18
Hagiwara, Masato, Yasuhiro Ogawa, and Katsuhiko Toyama. "AUTOMATIC ACQUISITION OF LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE USING LATENT SEMANTIC MODELS." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10444.
19
Zurcher, James. "Model-based knowledge acquisition using adaptive piecewise linear models." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/NQ46956.pdf.
20
Paviotti, Anna. "Acquisition and processing of multispectral data for texturing 3D models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426851.
Анотація:
This thesis deals with three problems concerning the use of a multispectral imaging spectrograph in applications of cultural heritage. The multispectral camera is part of an instrument developed within the project "Shape&Color" (CARIPARO,
2003-2005), coupling the spectrograph with a 3D laser scanner. Although the issues we have addressed arose from the characteristics of this specic instrument, they can be regarded as general problems concerning multispectral imaging, and are therefore of broader interest.
The first part relates on the characterization of the spectrograph performance in measuring spectral reflectance under different illumination conditions. Four different illumination setups have been used to acquire a set of colored calibrated tiles. The system performance has been evaluated through a metrologically-inspired procedure, using as descriptors the average error (AE) and the average error standard deviation (AESTD), calculated by means of error propagation formula. The best results have been obtained with a metallic iodide lamp and an incandescence lamp used in a sequence, juxtaposing the spectral reflectance measured with the metallic iodide lamp in the 400-600 nm interval and that obtained with the halogen lamp in the 600-900 nm interval.
The second presented issue concerns the problem of separating spectral illumination and spectral reflectance from the acquired color signal (the global radiation signal reflected by a target object). Since the latter can be considered as the product of illumination and spectral reflectance, this is an ill-posed problem.
Methods in the literature estimate the two functions apart from a scale factor. The proposed solution attempts at the recovery of this scale factor using a statistical-based approach. The core of the algorithm consists of the estimation of the illumination intensity through a modification of the RANSAC algorithm, using relations derived from the physical constraints of the illumination and the spectral reflectance. The spectral reflectance is subsequently computed from the measured color signal and the estimated illumination function. The algorithm
has been tested on four case studies, representing artworks of different pictorial techniques, color characteristics and dimensions. The results are good in terms of mean relative error, while the infinity norm of the relative error sometimes
assumes high values.
The last problem we have dealt with is that of using the multispectral images acquired with the Shape&Color scanner to texturize uncalibrated 3D data. What makes the problem worth addressing is that the spectral camera is not pinhole, but can be classified as a cylindrical panoramic camera. In this thesis, the general problem of estimating the extrinsic parameters of the camera from a known set of 3D-2D correspondences has been considered. The chosen approach is the classical
reprojection error minimization procedure. As the projection operator is nonlinear, the objective function has a very complicated structure. Due to this and to the high dimensionality of the problem, the minimization results are strongly sensitive to the choice of the initial parameter values. This work proposes a way of finding a reliable initial point for the minimization function, so as to lower the risk of being trapped into local minima.
21
Ekström, Thomas. "Public Private Business Models for Defence Acquisition : A Multiple Case Study of Defence Acquisition Projects in the UK." Licentiate thesis, Division of Engineering Logistics, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9061.
Анотація:
Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to "study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept". This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a "definition problem" (i.e. what to measure); a "measurement problem" (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a "comparison problem" (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.
22
Warren, Robert Henry. "Domain knowledge acquisition from solid waste management models using rough sets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60259.pdf.
23
Taylor, Conrad F. "The acquisition of phonemic constraints : implications for models of phonological encoding." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409651.
24
Fong, Philip. "Data-based models for deformable objects : sensing, acquisition, and interactive playback /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
25
Dillon, Andrew. "Knowledge acquisition and conceptual models: A Cognitive analysis of the interface." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106468.
Анотація:
This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A. (1987) Knowledge acquisition and conceptual models: a cognitive analysis of the interface. In: D. Diaper and R.Winder (eds.) People and Computers III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 371-379.
Abstract: Understanding how users process the information available to them through the computer interface can greatly enhance our abilities to design usable systems. This paper details the results of a longitudinal psychological experiment investigating the effect of interface style on user performance, knowledge acquisition and conceptual model development. Through the use of standard performance measures, interactive error scoring and protocol analysis techniques it becomes possible to identify crucial psychological factors in successful human computer use. Results indicate that a distinction between "deep" and "shallow" knowledge of system functioning can be drawn where both types of user appear to interact identically with the machine although significant differences in their respective knowledge exists. The effect of these differences on user ability to perform under stress and transfer to similar systems is noted. Implications for the design of usable systems are discussed.
26
Attallah, May. "Strategies of Information Acquisition Under Uncertainty." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G023/document.
Анотація:
L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter quatre essais en économie comportementale et expérimentale sur prise de décision dans le risque et l’ambiguïté. Le premier essai présente une synthèse et un point de vue sur la représentativité des résultats expérimentaux en matière de préférences : préférences sociales et préférences concernant le risque et le temps dans les pays développés ainsi que dans les pays en voie de développement. Le deuxième essai explore expérimentalement l’effet du risque et de l’ambiguïté sur le comportement de recherche d’emploi en horizon infini. Les résultats montrent qu’en risque et ambiguïté, les salaires de réservation sont inférieurs aux valeurs théoriques et diminuent au cours du processus de recherche. De même, les sujets se comportent comme des agents neutre à l’ambiguïté. Le troisième et quatrième essai étudient l’effet du contexte social et la corrélation des paiements sur les attitudes face au risque et à l’ambiguïté respectivement dans le domaine de gain, perte et le domaine mixte. Les résultats montrent que l’introduction du contexte social a un effet significatif sur les attitudes face au risque dans les trois domaines. Néanmoins, la corrélation des risques a un effet sur les attitudes face au risque seulement dans le domaine mixte. Les attitudes face à l’ambiguïté varient selon le domaine. De même, la corrélation des paiements diminuent l’aversion à l’ambiguïtéThe objective of this thesis is to present four essays in behavioral and experimental economics on decision-making under risk and ambiguity. The first essay presents a synthesis and a point of view on the representativeness of experimental results regarding individual preferences: social preferences and risk and time preferences, in developed countries as well as in developing countries. The second essay explores experimentally the effect of risk and ambiguity on job search behavior in an infinite horizon. The results show that in risk and ambiguity, reservation wages are lower than the theoretical values and decrease during the search process. Similarly, subjects behave as ambiguity neutral agents. The third and fourth essay examine the effect of the social context and the correlation of payments on attitudes towards risk and ambiguity respectively in gain, loss and mixed domain. The results show that the introduction of the social context has a significant effect on attitudes towards risk in all three domains. Nevertheless, the correlation of risks has an effect on risk attitudes only in the mixed domain. As for ambiguity, ambiguity attitudes vary across domains. The correlation of payments decreases ambiguity aversion
27
Furlan, Benjamin, Harald Oberhofer, and Hannes Winner. "A Note on Merger and Acquisition Evaluation." Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtv033.
Анотація:
This note proposes the continuous treatment approach as a valuable alternative to propensity score matching for evaluating economic effects of merger and acquisitions (M&As). This framework allows considering the variation in treatment intensities explicitly, and it does not call for an arbitrary definition of cutoff values in traded ownership shares to construct a binary treatment indicator. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach using data from European M&As and by relying on the example of post-M&A employment effects. The empirical exercise reveals some heterogeneities over the whole distribution of acquired ownership shares and across different types of M&As and country groups.
28
Williams, John Alan. "A system for multiple view 3D acquisition and registration incorporating statistical error models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15778/1/John_Williams_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
This dissertation addresses the problem of scanning the geometry of real objects and building accurate computer models of those objects. We present a complete system which employs a structured light scanner to acquire 3D views of objects from multiple viewpoints. These multiple views, expressed in a sensor-oriented coordinate system, are then registered into a model-centred coordinate system, before being integrated into a single mesh describing the object's geometry. Line of sight constraints forbid any single view from capturing the entire surface of an object, so multiple scans must be performed. We have developed registration techniques which may register all of the views simultaneously, resulting in a globally optimal solution. Statistical error modeling of the sensor, and the use of these models in the registration process, forms a key part of the research. It is motiviated by the observation that all measurements are subject to some degree of random measurement error. The true values of these errors cannot be determined, however their statistical properties may be modeled. Our registration system utilises these error models to improve registration accuracy, and to allow the accuracy of the registration to be estimated. The resulting system is a flexible platform for 3D data capture and modeling. It may be used in conjunction with the structured light scanner, or 3D data acquired from any other source. We demonstrate this capability with models constructed from sources such as laser range finders and scanning touch probe systems. The contributions of this thesis are as follows: a novel stereo matching algorithm which permits the estimation of stereo disparity as well as the uncertainty in the disparity, development of a practical 3D vision sensor based on structured light techniques, two novel algorithms for performing simultaneous multiple view point set registration, while supporting individual point error models and estimating the uncertainty in the registration solution, a novel algorithm for efficiently solving the multiple view registration problem, and the implementation of a number of existing surface correspondence and reconstruction techniques, permitting the development of an integrated 3D vision system for capturing and modeling 3D objects.
29
Williams, John Alan. "A System for Multiple View 3D Acquisition and Registration Incorporating Statistical Error Models." Queensland University of Technology, 2001. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15778/.
Анотація:
This dissertation addresses the problem of scanning the geometry of real objects and building accurate computer models of those objects. We present a complete system which employs a structured light scanner to acquire 3D views of objects from multiple viewpoints. These multiple views, expressed in a sensor-oriented coordinate system, are then registered into a model-centred coordinate system, before being integrated into a single mesh describing the object's geometry. Line of sight constraints forbid any single view from capturing the entire surface of an object, so multiple scans must be performed. We have developed registration techniques which may register all of the views simultaneously, resulting in a globally optimal solution. Statistical error modeling of the sensor, and the use of these models in the registration process, forms a key part of the research. It is motiviated by the observation that all measurements are subject to some degree of random measurement error. The true values of these errors cannot be determined, however their statistical properties may be modeled. Our registration system utilises these error models to improve registration accuracy, and to allow the accuracy of the registration to be estimated. The resulting system is a flexible platform for 3D data capture and modeling. It may be used in conjunction with the structured light scanner, or 3D data acquired from any other source. We demonstrate this capability with models constructed from sources such as laser range finders and scanning touch probe systems. The contributions of this thesis are as follows: a novel stereo matching algorithm which permits the estimation of stereo disparity as well as the uncertainty in the disparity, development of a practical 3D vision sensor based on structured light techniques, two novel algorithms for performing simultaneous multiple view point set registration, while supporting individual point error models and estimating the uncertainty in the registration solution, a novel algorithm for efficiently solving the multiple view registration problem, and the implementation of a number of existing surface correspondence and reconstruction techniques, permitting the development of an integrated 3D vision system for capturing and modeling 3D objects.
30
Kamper, Herman. "Unsupervised neural and Bayesian models for zero-resource speech processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25432.
Анотація:
Zero-resource speech processing is a growing research area which aims to develop methods that can discover linguistic structure and representations directly from unlabelled speech audio. Such unsupervised methods would allow speech technology to be developed in settings where transcriptions, pronunciation dictionaries, and text for language modelling are not available. Similar methods are required for cognitive models of language acquisition in human infants, and for developing robotic applications that are able to automatically learn language in a novel linguistic environment. There are two central problems in zero-resource speech processing: (i) finding frame-level feature representations which make it easier to discriminate between linguistic units (phones or words), and (ii) segmenting and clustering unlabelled speech into meaningful units. The claim of this thesis is that both top-down modelling (using knowledge of higher-level units to to learn, discover and gain insight into their lower-level constituents) as well as bottom-up modelling (piecing together lower-level features to give rise to more complex higher-level structures) are advantageous in tackling these two problems. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part introduces a new autoencoder-like deep neural network for unsupervised frame-level representation learning. This correspondence autoencoder (cAE) uses weak top-down supervision from an unsupervised term discovery system that identifies noisy word-like terms in unlabelled speech data. In an intrinsic evaluation of frame-level representations, the cAE outperforms several state-of-the-art bottom-up and top-down approaches, achieving a relative improvement of more than 60% over the previous best system. This shows that the cAE is particularly effective in using top-down knowledge of longer-spanning patterns in the data; at the same time, we find that the cAE is only able to learn useful representations when it is initialized using bottom-up pretraining on a large set of unlabelled speech. The second part of the thesis presents a novel unsupervised segmental Bayesian model that segments unlabelled speech data and clusters the segments into hypothesized word groupings. The result is a complete unsupervised tokenization of the input speech in terms of discovered word types|the system essentially performs unsupervised speech recognition. In this approach, a potential word segment (of arbitrary length) is embedded in a fixed-dimensional vector space. The model, implemented as a Gibbs sampler, then builds a whole-word acoustic model in this embedding space while jointly performing segmentation. We first evaluate the approach in a small-vocabulary multi-speaker connected digit recognition task, where we report unsupervised word error rates (WER) by mapping the unsupervised decoded output to ground truth transcriptions. The model achieves around 20% WER, outperforming a previous HMM-based system by about 10% absolute. To achieve this performance, the acoustic word embedding function (which maps variable-duration segments to single vectors) is refined in a top-down manner by using terms discovered by the model in an outer loop of segmentation. The third and final part of the study extends the small-vocabulary system in order to handle larger vocabularies in conversational speech data. To our knowledge, this is the first full-coverage segmentation and clustering system that is applied to large-vocabulary multi-speaker data. To improve efficiency, the system incorporates a bottom-up syllable boundary detection method to eliminate unlikely word boundaries. We compare the system on English and Xitsonga datasets to several state-of-the-art baselines. We show that by imposing a consistent top-down segmentation while also using bottom-up knowledge from detected syllable boundaries, both single-speaker and multi-speaker versions of our system outperform a purely bottom-up single-speaker syllable-based approach. We also show that the discovered clusters can be made less speaker- and gender-specific by using features from the cAE (which incorporates both top-down and bottom-up learning). The system's discovered clusters are still less pure than those of two multi-speaker unsupervised term discovery systems, but provide far greater coverage. In summary, the different models and systems presented in this thesis show that both top-down and bottom-up modelling can improve representation learning, segmentation and clustering of unlabelled speech data.
31
Yaner, Patrick William. "From Shape to Function: Acquisition of Teleological Models from Design Drawings by Compositional Analogy." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19791.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Goel, Ashok; Committee Member: Eastman, Charles; Committee Member: Ferguson, Ronald; Committee Member: Glasgow, Janice; Committee Member: Nersessian, Nancy; Committee Member: Ram, Ashwin.
32
Tagg, David A. "Evaluating the bias of alternative cost progress models: tests using aerospace industry acquisition programs." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23881.
Анотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis study evaluates the quality of cost estimates produced by each of four cost progress models--a random walk model, the traditional learning curve model, a production rate model (fixed-variable model), and a model incorporating both learning curve and production rate effects (Bemis production rate adjustment model). Emphasis is on assessing the level of bias associated with these models and determining the influence of various factors on model performance. Findings indicate, on average, the learning curve and Bemis models underestimate unit costs, while the random walk and fixed-variable models overestimate unit costs. Different factors are evaluated to determine their significance in explaining variations in the bias of their significance in explaining variations in the bias of unit cost predictions and relationships between the significant variables and model cost prediction bias are described Findings indicate the Bemis model is superior to the other cost progress models because it exhibits the least bias and is not significantly influenced (in terms of bias) by variations in the factors considered.
33
Brook, Sapoty, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "A physical theory of organisation and consequent neural model of spatio-temporal pattern acquisition." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Engineering, 1987. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.121850.
Анотація:
A neurone model (the FORMON) is proposed which provides a mathematical explanation for a range of psychological phenomena and has potential in Artificial Intelligence applications. A general definition of organisation in terms of entropy and information is formulated. The concept of microcodes is introduced to describe the physical nature of organisation.
Spatio-temporal pattern acquisition and processing functions attributable to individual neurones are reviewed. The criterion for self-organisation in a neurone is determined as the maximisation of mutual organisation. A feedback control system is proposed to satisfy this criterion and provide an integrated long-term memory of spatio-temporal pattern. This pattern acquisition system is shown to be applicable to dendritic pattern recognition and axonal pattern generation. Provision is also made for adaptation, short-term memory and operant learning.
An electro-chemical model of transmission and processing of neural signals is outlined to provide the pattern acquisition functions of the Formon model. A transverse magnetic mode of electrotonic propagation is postulated in addition to the transverse electromagnetic mode.
Configurations of the Formon are categorised in terms of possible pattern processing functions. Connective architectures are proposed as self-organising models of acquisitive semantic and syntactic networks.
34
Kyei-Mensah, Justice. "Wealth effects of mergers and acquisitions for US firms : using alternative pricing models." Thesis, Aston University, 2011. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15737/.
Анотація:
This empirical study employs a different methodology to examine the change in wealth associated with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) for US firms. Specifically, we employ the standard CAPM, the Fama-French three-factor model and the Carhart four-factor models within the OLS and GJR-GARCH estimation methods to test the behaviour of the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). Whilst the standard CAPM captures the variability of stock returns with the overall market, the Fama-French factors capture the risk factors that are important to investors. Additionally, augmenting the Fama-French three-factor model with the Carhart momentum factor to generate the four-factor captures additional pricing elements that may affect stock returns. Traditionally, estimates of abnormal returns (ARs) in M&As situations rely on the standard OLS estimation method. However, the standard OLS will provide inefficient estimates of the ARs if the data contain ARCH and asymmetric effects. To minimise this problem of estimation efficiency we re-estimated the ARs using GJR-GARCH estimation method. We find that there is variation in the results both as regards the choice models and estimation methods. Besides these variations in the estimated models and the choice of estimation methods, we also tested whether the ARs are affected by the degree of liquidity of the stocks and the size of the firm. We document significant positive post-announcement cumulative ARs (CARs) for target firm shareholders under both the OLS and GJR-GARCH methods across all three methodologies. However, post-event CARs for acquiring firm shareholders were insignificant for both sets of estimation methods under the three methodologies. The GJR-GARCH method seems to generate larger CARs than those of the OLS method. Using both market capitalization and trading volume as a measure of liquidity and the size of the firm, we observed strong return continuations in the medium firms relative to small and large firms for target shareholders. We consistently observed market efficiency in small and large firm. This implies that target firms for small and large firms overreact to new information resulting in a more efficient market. For acquirer firms, our measure of liquidity captures strong return continuations for small firms under the OLS estimates for both CAPM and Fama-French three-factor models, whilst under the GJR-GARCH estimates only for Carhart model. Post-announcement bootstrapping simulated CARs confirmed our earlier results.
35
Byrne, Catherine Margaret McCombe. "Spatial stochastic models of HSV-2 lesion dynamics and their link with HIV-1 acquisition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58436.
Анотація:
Patients with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infection face a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV-1. This marked increase is thought to be due not only to herpetic lesions serving as an entry point for the HIV-1 virus, but also to the increase in CD4+ T cells in the human genital mucosa during HSV-2 lesional events. By creating a stochastic, spatial, mathematical model describing the behaviour of the HSV-2 infection and immune response in the genital mucosa, I first capture the dynamics that occur during the development of an HSV-2 lesion. I then use this model to quantify the risk of acquiring HIV-1 in HSV-2 positive patients upon sexual exposure, and determine whether antivirals meant to control HSV-2 can decrease HIV-1 infectivity. While theory predicts that HSV-2 treatment should lower HIV-1 infection probability, my results show that this may not be the case unless a critical dosage of HSV-2 treatment is given to the patient. These results help to explain the conflicting data on HIV-1 infection probability in HSV-2 patients and allow for further insight into the type of treatment HSV-2 positive patients should receive to prevent HIV-1 infection.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
36
Hein, Michael Brian. "Assessing the relationship between abilities and the acquisition of skill : a test of alternative models." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29184.
37
Azevedo, Luciana de Oliveira Faria. ""Uma flor tapoja e uma casa jufosa: o papel da nomeação e de propriedades morfofonológicas no processo de identificação de novos adjetivos por crianças brasileiras"." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2008. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4607.
Анотація:
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Esta dissertação aborda o processo de aquisição lexical por crianças brasileiras e investiga, particularmente, a relação entre categoria conceitual e categoria lingüística, e propriedades morfofonológicas do adjetivo. A hipótese que orienta esta dissertação é a de que a nomeação dos objetos e a presença de morfemas característicos de adjetivos são pistas robustas usadas pelas crianças no processo de aquisição de novos adjetivos. Adota-se uma perspectiva psicolingüística da aquisição da linguagem que pretende a conciliação de um modelo de processamento lingüístico (modelos de Bootstrapping Fonológico e Sintático), com um modelo de língua proposto pela Teoria Gerativa. A conciliação entre os modelos visa a explicar, satisfatoriamente, a forma pela qual a criança se torna capaz de, uma vez exposta a uma língua natural, extrair do material lingüístico ao qual é apresentada os elementos formadores do léxico de sua língua. Foram desenvolvidas duas atividades experimentais, usando-se a técnica de identificação de objeto, com crianças de dois e três anos. A primeira avalia o reconhecimento de novos adjetivos, comparando-se a apresentação de objetos nomeados (uma flor tapoja) ou com nomes vagos (uma coisa tapoja). No segundo experimento, foram acrescentados aos pseudo-adjetivos os sufixos -oso/a e –ado/a (uma casa jufosa) / uma coisa jufosa), em vista de investigar o papel do sufixo juntamente com a nomeação dos objetos como facilitadores na identificação do adjetivo pela criança. Adjetivos acompanhados de nome (Exper. 1) são mais facilmente identificados, mas quando acrescidos de sufixo (Exper. 2) são reconhecidos mesmo na presença de nomes vagos. Os resultados são compatíveis com nossa hipótese, pois sugerem que a nomeação e a marca morfofonológica são pistas robustas usadas pelas crianças para identificar novos adjetivos.
This dissertation approaches the process of lexical acquisition for Brazilian children and it investigates, particularly, the relationship among conceptual category and linguistic category, and properties morphophonological of the adjective. The hypothesis that guides this dissertation is the one that the nomination of the objects and the presence of morphemes characteristic of adjectives are robust tracks used by the children in the process of acquisition of new adjectives. A perspective psycholinguistic of the acquisition of the language is adopted that intends the conciliation of a model of linguistic processing (models of Phonological and Syntactic Bootstrapping), with a language model proposed by the Generative Theory. The conciliation among the models seeks to explain, satisfactorily, the form for the which the child becomes capable of, once exposed to a natural language, to extract of the linguistic material to which is presented the elements that form the lexicon of your language. Two experimental activities were developed, being used the technique of object identification, with two three year-old children. The first evaluates the recognition of new adjectives, being compared the presentation of nominated objects (a tapoja flower) or with vague names (a tapoja thing). In the second experiment, they were increased to the pseudo-adjectives the suffixes -oso/a and -ado/a (a jufosa house) / a jufosa thing), in view of investigating the paper of the suffix together with the nomination of the objects as facilitators in the identification of the adjective for the child accompanied Adjectives of name (Exper. 1) they are more easily identified, but when added of suffix (Exper. 2) they are recognized even in the presence of vague names. The results are compatible with our hypothesis, because they suggest that the nomination and the mark morphophonological are robust tracks used by the children to identify new adjectives.
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Neves, Luís Pacheco Pereira. "Measures and detection of morphology for craniometry using 3D models." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14015.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaThis dissertation focuses on improving the application CraMs, Craniometric Measurements, and exploring new methods of measuring and detecting morphological characteristics for craniometric analysis using 3D models. CraMs was developed in the academic year of 2012-2013 in the scope of a Master dissertation with the objective of aiding anthropologists in the process of per-forming craniometric measurements. Using 3D models and marking points of interest, the anthropologists; are able to obtain craniometric measures in a software application. Using this method helps with the preservation of the specimens and might reduce the variability in measures obtained by different specialists. The work developed in this dissertation includes solving issues found by the domain experts in the application, extending its functionalities to comprise more measures and improve user experience, as well as exploring new methods. These methods focus on morphology analysis of the specimens and on the detection of morphological characteristics, namely the shape of orbits and the complexity of sutures.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivos principais melhorar a aplicação CraMs, Craniometric Measurements, e explorar novos métodos de medição e deteção de características morfológicas para análise craniométrica usando modelos 3D. A aplicação CraMs foi desenvolvida no ano letivo 2012-2013 no âmbito de uma dissertação de Mestrado com o objetivo de auxiliar os antropólogos no processo de realizar medições craniométricas. Através da utilização de mode-los 3D e da marcação de pontos de interesse, pelos antropólogos, as medições craniométricas podem ser feitas numa aplicação de software. Este método ajuda a preservação dos espécimes e poderá reduzir a variabilidade entre medidas obtidas por diferentes especialistas. O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação inclui a resolução de problemas encontrados pelos especialistas na aplicação CraMs, a deteção de mais medidas, a melhoria da experiência de utilização, bem como a exploração de novos métodos. Estes novos métodos focam-se na análise da morfologia dos espécimes e na deteção de características morfológicas, nomeadamente a forma das órbitas e a complexidade das suturas.
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McConnell, Bridget L. "Contrasting the extended comparator hypothesis and acquisition-focused models of learning differential predictions of retrospective revaluation /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Schiavini, Marcos Melo. "Ferramenta de aquisição de conhecimento por modelos explicitos." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259552.
Анотація:
Orientador: Marcio Luiz de Andrade NettoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: A tese apresenta uma contribuição para agilizar e organizar o processo de aquisição de conhecimento necessário ao desenvolvimento de sistemas Especialistas. Para tanto é descrita uma ferramenta computacional de auxilio ao processo de aquisição e engenharia de conhecimento - CAKE - que emprega um modelo do domínio durante sua interação com o especialista. O modelo é elaborado e representado com o auxílio do KADS, uma metodologia de construção de sistemas baseados em conhecimento [WIELINGA 89]. Com esse trabalho visamos obter uma ferramenta de aquisição de conhecimento que não apenas apresente as vantagens de empregar um modelo como também não tenha seu uso limitado a apenas um domínio particular. Para tanto concebemos uma ferramenta que deixa explícito o modelo utilizado para guiar o processo de aquisição de conhecimento. O engenheiro do conhecimento pode alterar a ferramenta para adequá-la às suas necessidades
Abstract: The theses presents a contribution to facilitate and to organize the knowledge acquisition process necessary in the development of Expert Systems. A computer aided knowledge acquisition and engineering tool - CAKE -that employs a domain model in its interaction with the expert is proposed. The model is constructed and represented with the help of KADS, a methodology to construct knowledge based systems [WIELINGA 89]. It is intended, with this work, to obtain a knowledge acquisition tool that not only has the advantages of using a model, but also does not have its applicability limited to a particular domain. For this purpose, we have conceived a tool that leaves explicit the model used in guiding the knowledge acquisition processo The knowledge engineer is able to modify the tool to make the necessary adaptations for his further needs
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Bellecave, Isabelle. "Vers un modele d'acquisition -semantique et ou syntaxique- des prepositions chez l'enfant de 2 a 10 ans." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20072.
Анотація:
Cette these a pour objet d'etablir le role respectif de differents parametres dans un modele de l'acquisition de quelques prepositions par l'enfant francophone de 2 a 10, 11 ans : a, de, dans, pres de, sur et entre. D'une part, elle se propose de tester la validite d'une dichotomie des prepositions selon leur valeur (spatiale ou casuelle). D'autre part, elle tente de determiner quel modele d'acquisition (perceptivo-semantique et ou cognitif) est le plus pertinent pour expliquer la maitrise de ces elements. Apres un resume des theories proposees sur la preposition et sur l'apprentissage, elle presente un protocole en quatre taches : deux epreuves de comprehension et deux de production. Les resultats montrent que la valeur spatiale ou casuelle des prepositions n'est pas un facteur facilitant l'apprentissage bien qu'il semble que les enfants en aient une certaine conscience tres tot. La maitrise des prepositions se fait d'abord en comprehension avant de se faire en expression. Cependant, en comprehension, les resultats ne nous premettent pas de nous prononcer de maniere categorique en faveur de l'un ou l'autre des modeles. Par contre, en expression, les choses paraissent plus claires : un modele fonde sur le developpement cognitif parait pertinent pour expliquer la maniere dont les enfants maitrisent ces elements. En effet, ils commencent par exprimer les prepositions "pres de" et "dans" faisant appel a des notions d'espace topologique (entourage, voisinage. . . ). Avec l'apparition de la droite projective vers 6 ans, apparaissent les prepositions faisant intervenir l'espace projectif. En conclusion, il est fort possible que la "verite" se trouve dans un modele "mixte", integrant des faits semantico-perceptifs et des concepts cognitifs, sans oublier la part des strategies utiliseesThe aim of this thesis is to study different components in the acquisition of prepositions among french-speaking children aged from 2 to 10. 11 : a, de, dans, pres de, sur, entre. First, it assesses the redevance of a dichotomy between prepositions : spatial or casual. Second, it tries to define wich model (sementically-perceptive and or cognitive) is the best to explain this acquisition. After a synthetic presentation of theories on preposition acquisition, it offers an investigation with 4 tasks (2 production and 2 comprehension). Results show that the dichotomy is not pertinent ot explain acquisition although young children seem to have a certain "conscience" of it. Acquisition begins by comprehension ; but the results of this part don't permit to determine wich model is the more adapted. On the other hand, in production, we can assume that a model based on cognitive development is pertinent. Children begin to produce prepositions ("pres de", "dans") involving topologic space (encirclement, proximity. . . ). With projective right's apparition, at 6, they produce prepositions involving pronective space. To conclude, it's likely that the "thruth" is a mixed model including semanticallyperceptive facts, cognitive notions togother with strategies used by choldren
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Orr, Thomas Kevin. "Models of professional writing practices within the field of computer science." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1019483.
Анотація:
Twenty-five computer scientists representing thirteen language groups at a highly respected university in Japan were surveyed and interviewed to identify the English writing products and processes characteristic of their professional work. Twenty-two major genres were identified and grouped according to purpose. Fourteen significant contextual factors that affected writing production and, ultimately, success in the field of computer science were also identified. Several models were proposed to provide an overview of the writing practices and products potentially illustrative of writing in the computer science field.In the second research phase, two detailed case studies were conducted involving one native and one non-native speaker of English to identify how English language proficiency affected professional practice. Efficiency was a major concern for both subjects but employed different strategies to make their work as efficient and productive as possible.The native speaker, for example, employed skillful use of the computer to gather, create, and store data that could be efficiently "chunked" and assembled into papers, either for publication or for obtaining valuable feedback from other professionals. The subject also thought a great deal about the expectations of his readers as well as the referees and editors who judged the quality of his work. He also revised his work extensively and recruited other professionals locally and abroad to assist him in refining his texts.The non-native speaker employed many of the same computer strategies for gathering and managing information; however, the added difficulty of functioning professionally in English severely limited his work pace and left too little time before deadlines to revise or solicit the amount of feedback he desired from his peers. His most effective strategy was co-authoring papers with native speakers of English who could handle most of the final editing and revising.In the final chapter, results of the surveys, interviews, and case studies were illustrated graphically in an algorithmic flowchart of professional writing practice, and educational applications for writing instruction as well as recommendations for additional research were also suggestedDepartment of English
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Bekmann, Joachim Peter Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Rapid development of problem-solvers with HeurEAKA! - a heuristic evolutionary algorithm and incremental knowledge acquisition approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25748.
Анотація:
A new approach for the development of problem-solvers for combinatorial problems is proposed in this thesis. The approach combines incremental knowledge acquisition and probabilistic search algorithms, such as evolutionary algorithms, to allow a human to rapidly develop problem-solvers in new domains in a framework called HeurEAKA. The approach addresses a known problem, that is, adapting evolutionary algorithms to the search domain by the introduction of domain knowledge. The development of specialised problem-solvers has historically been labour intensive. Implementing a problem-solver from scratch is very time consuming. Another approach is to adapt a general purpose search strategy to the problem domain. This is motivated by the observation that in order to scale an algorithm to solve complex problems, domain knowledge is needed. At present there is no systematic approach allowing one to efficiently engineer a specialpurpose search strategy for a given search problem. This means that, for example, adapting evolutionary algorithms (which are general purpose algorithms) is often very difficult and has lead some people to refer to their use as a ???black art???. In the HeurEAKA approach, domain knowledge is introduced by incrementally building a knowledge base that controls parts of the evolutionary algorithm. For example, the fitness function and the mutation operators in a genetic algorithm. An evolutionary search algorithm ismonitored by a human whomakes recommendations on search strategy based on individual solution candidates. It is assumed that the human has a reasonable intuition of the search problem. The human adds rules to a knowledge base describing how candidate solutions can be improved, or why they are desirable or undesirable in the search for a good solution. The incremental knowledge acquisition approach is inspired by the idea of (Nested) Ripple Down Rules. This approach sees a human provide exception rules to rules already existing in the knowledge base using concrete examples of inappropriate performance of the existing knowledge base. The Nested Ripple Down Rules (NRDR) approach allows humans to compose rules using concepts that are natural and intuitive to them. In HeurEAKA, NRDR are significantly adapted to form part of a probabilistic search algorithm. The probabilistic search algorithms used in the presented system are a genetic algorithm and a hierarchical bayesian optimization algorithm. The success of the HeurEAKA approach is demonstrated in experiments undertaken on industrially relevant domains. Problem-solvers were developed for detailed channel and switchbox routing in VLSI design and traffic light optimisation for urban road networks. The problem-solvers were developed in a short amount of time, in domains where a large amount of effort has gone into developing existing algorithms. Experiments show that chosen benchmark problems are solved as well or better than existing approaches. Particularly in the traffic light optimisation domain excellent results are achieved.
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Corley, Sean Ryan. "Cholinergic basal forebrain involvement in the acquisition of differential reinforcement of low rate responding tasks in rats." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2780.
Анотація:
It was hypothesized that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) would disrupt differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) learning in an uncued DRL task, but would not impair acquisition and performance in the cued version of the task. Results suggest that BFCS lesions impair vigilance to the external cues despite continued practice in the cued DRL, whereas continuous attention to internally produced cues recovers with extended practice in the uncued DRL.
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Robertson, Rebecca. "Examining the Effects of Mixed-Models and Self-Observation on Motor Skill Acquisition Within a Gymnastics Environment." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34241.
Анотація:
Watching oneself on video (self-observation) compared to self-observation coupled with a skilled model video (mixed-models) was examined in a gymnastics environment to determine whether combining two model types would be better than just one. Twenty-one gymnasts learned one gymnastics skill with mixed-models and a second skill with self-observation across pre-test, three learning sessions, and post-test. Physical performance, scored by two evaluators, revealed a significant condition by session interaction (F(3,51) = 3.329, p = .027). At session 3 and post-test, scores obtained with mixed-models were significantly higher than those with self-observation. Cognitive representation of the skills was measured at pre-test and post-test via error detection and recognition tests, analyzed using signal detection. Participants had significantly higher response sensitivity scores with mixed-models (F(1,14) = 10.810, p = .005) compared to self-observation. The conclusion drawn is that it is better to incorporate self and skilled models in a gymnastics setting than self-observation alone.
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Silva, Pedro Miguel Olea de Souza e. "On insurance markets with endogenous information acquisition: A robust mechanism design approach." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6998.
Анотація:
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Neste trabalho propomos a aplicação das noções de equilíbrio da recente literatura de desenho de mecanismo robusto com aquisição de informação endógena a um problema de divisão de risco entre dois agentes. Através deste exemplo somos capazes de motivar o uso desta noção de equilíbrio, assim como discutir os efeitos da introdu ção de uma restrição de participação que seja dependente da informação. A simplicidade do modelo nos permite caracterizar a possibilidade de implementar a alocação Pareto efiente em termos do custo de aquisição da informação. Além disso, mostramos que a precisão da informação pode ter um efeito negativo sobre a implementação da alocação efi ciente. Ao final, sao dados dois exemplos específicos de situações nas quais este modelo se aplica.
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Aasen, Helge Verfasser], and Georg [Gutachter] [Bareth. "The acquisition of Hyperspectral Digital Surface Models of crops from UAV snapshot cameras / Helge Aasen ; Gutachter: Georg Bareth." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115330632/34.
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Herrera, Elizabeth A. "The effect of correct and incorrect video models on the acquisition of skills taught in behavioral parent training." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/282.
Анотація:
Modeling, a process by which a learned behavior is observed and imitated, has been demonstrated to be effective in the acquisition of skills. Several factors appear to enhance or detract from the effect a model has on subsequent observer behavior and contradictory findings have been reported based on the type of model used. A less explored factor is the impact of correct and incorrect models as often employed in parent training packages when teaching skills that are to be acquired by the observer. To further investigate, the current study compared the effectiveness of correct and incorrect video models using an empirically supported treatment for child behavior problems: The Incredible Years. Using a fairly minimal, and mostly remote intervention 5 out of 6 participants improved from baseline sessions. Several areas of future research are presented for modeling and parent training to assess effectiveness of model types and treatment programs used.
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Aasen, Helge [Verfasser], and Georg [Gutachter] Bareth. "The acquisition of Hyperspectral Digital Surface Models of crops from UAV snapshot cameras / Helge Aasen ; Gutachter: Georg Bareth." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115330632/34.
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Zeynali, Reyhaneh. "Geomatics data acquisition and processing in support of Urban Heat Island studies, case study Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Анотація:
Global warming and changes in Earth’s weather patterns are the main consequences of climate change, and bioclimate discomfort has significant public health problems, especially for the elderly. Normally, the thermal characteristics of urban areas are poor due to a phenomenon known as urban heat island (UHI). To study the thermal characteristics of the city of Bologna, mobile temperature measurements took place with a car, along a 75-km transect, while fixed measurements of temperature have done using 15 present weather stations and also placing five thermometers in the city center. Some interpolation models (i.e., global, and local interpolators) are applied to correct the mobile measurements using fixed data. Kriging fulfilled the best result with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. However, there was no meaningful correlation between the corrected temperatures and remote sensing land surface temperature (LST) data (due to lack of nocturnal remote sensing imagery), its correlation with remote sensing normalized difference vegetation index data (NDVI) was 0.69.