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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Acousto-ultrasons"
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Дисертації з теми "Acousto-ultrasons"
Sarr, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Vers une auscultation par acousto-ultrasons des renforcements par composites collés de structures du génie civil." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0005.
Повний текст джерелаA Senate report from June 2019 estimates France’s ageing structures at more than 25,000 road bridges. One of the recommended solutions to prevent the collapse of these structures is their bonding reinforcement of composite materials. This technical solution allows us to increase their lifeservice by taking into account new acquired stresses (drastic increase in traffic and seismic risks). However, the reinforcing is effective only when the adhesively bonded joint is well executed and free of defects or damages. Thus, the use of this method is limited by a lack of knowledge of the real quality of adhesive joints on site. The objective of this thesis is to propose from a nondestructive technique, the acousto-ultrasonics, a methodology of detection and identification of all types of defects encountered in adhesively bonded assemblies.We studied the most common types of substrates used in civil engineering: steel and concrete. Through a mono-parametric analysis and a statistical principal components analysis (PCA), all the elaborated defects in compositesteel and composite-concrete assemblies were successfully detected. The identification of these defects was obtained using Machine Learning tools through the Random Forest classification algorithm. The factors that could influence this methodology were studiedbefore it was validated on specimens of a larger scale, closer to the on-site achievements. Finally, through a finite element simulation of signal propagation in a bonded assembly, we underline the perspectives that this technique can offer in building learning libraries for the application of Machin Learning techniques to the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of adhesively bonded joints
Laudereau, Jean-Baptiste. "Acousto-optic imaging : challenges of in vivo imaging." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066414/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiological tissues are very strong light-scattering media. As a consequence, current medical imaging devices do not allow deep optical imaging unless invasive techniques are used. Acousto-optic (AO) imaging is a light-ultrasound coupling technique that takes advantage of the ballistic propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues to access optical contrast with a millimeter resolution. Coupled to commercial ultrasound (US) scanners, it could add useful information to increase US specificity. Thanks to photorefractive crystals, a bimodal AO/US imaging setup based on wave-front adaptive holography was developed and recently showed promising ex vivo results. In this thesis, the very first ones of them are described such as melanoma metastases in liver samples that were detected through AO imaging despite acoustical contrast was not significant. These results highlighted two major difficulties regarding in vivo imaging that have to be addressed before any clinical applications can be thought of.The first one concerns current AO sequences that take several tens of seconds to form an image, far too slow for clinical imaging. The second issue concerns in vivo speckle decorrelation that occurs over less than 1 ms, too fast for photorefractive crystals. In this thesis, I present a new US sequence that allows increasing the framerate of at least one order of magnitude and an alternative light detection scheme based on spectral holeburning in rare-earth doped crystals that allows overcoming speckle decorrelation as first steps toward in vivo imaging
Chaline, Jennifer. "Analogie macroscopique et acousto-mécanique d'une microbulle : application aux agents de contraste ultrasonore." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3304/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnder specific ultrasound excitation, contrast microbubbles undergo nonlinear oscillations. Considering the size and the complexity of the phenomenon, expensive and complex experiments and/or simulations are required. To overcome this, the use of an analogy is proposed and validated numerically. When subjected to ultrasound, microbubbles present a fairly rich and complex dynamics of which some aspects can be described by a lattice of nonlinearly coupled oscillators. In this thesis, we propose to study the oscillatory behavior of a microbubble through an acousto-mechanical setup of coupled pendula parametrically excited by a vertical force. The aim of this work is to understand the dynamics of a single bubble, to subsequently study it in experimental and clinical conditions for both imaging and therapy. From the theoretical point of view, we have shown that both systems are described by a Mathieu type equation. From the experimental point of view, we have developped the pendula ring. It consists of an aluminum ring on which pendula are fixed with nylon strings. The pendula chain lies on the excitation system that generate a sinusoidal excitation ranging from 1 Hz to 5 Hz. Results obtained (vibration modes, subharmonic oscillations, radial mode) are in agreement with simulations and are similar to the results obtained for microbubbles
Vu, Quang Anh. "Evaluation du béton d'enrobage par acoustique non linéaire et ondes de surface." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4712/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is related to the field of nondestructive evaluation of concrete by ultrasound. We focus our study on nonlinear acoustic-based measurements that allow the concrete auscultation at mesoscopic scale where waves interact with microcracks and porosity network. The nonlinear parameters are known to be much more sensitive than those from linear measurements. Concrete is a heterogeneous and complex material. Its behavior is highly nonlinear with increasing damaged state.We develop in this thesis a type of nonlinear measurement: Dynamic Acousto-Elastic Testing (DAET). This technique is based on the principle of a dynamic excitation of the material, using ultrasounds to follow the variation of the elastic behavior depending on the excitation amplitude. We focus our study on the problem of concrete cover which holds a key role in the life of a civil engineering structure. We study the interaction of the DAET measurement with the Rayleigh waves which propagate in the concrete cover. We show the high sensitivity evolution of non-linear parameters in function of thermal damage and carbonation.Subsequently, we propose a new methodology of DAET measurement, in which the transient vibration is generated by an impact and ultrasounds are generated continuously. We present different applications of the proposed method including the case of large specimens. This approach opens broad possibilities of transposing measurements for on-site application
Selb, Juliette. "Source virtuelle acousto-optique pour l'imagerie des milieux diffusants." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112199.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis presents the development of an acousto-optical system to image thick scattering media, and more specifically biological tissue. The long-range goal is to achieve a medical tool to detect optical contrasts with a millimetric resolution inside several centimeter truck tissues. The technique consists in coupling light and ultrasounds. Highly coherent infrared light illuminates the scattering sample, and forms, when it exits, a speckle patterns recorded on a CCD camera. An ultrasonic focused beam locally induces inside the medium a modulation of the optical paths of the optical waves that cross it. It causes a modulation of the speckle intensity on the exit. More intuitively, the ultrasonic beam creates inside the scattering medium a "virtual source" of modulated light. The source intensity decreases when it crosses an optically absorbing region. By scanning the virtual source inside the sample, we can map its optical properties. The theoretical studies consisted in a modeling of the acousto-optical interaction, thanks to a correlation diffusion equation that can be solved by analytical or numerical means depending on the geometries. The experimental work dealt with the optimization of the system in a view of its medical application. With an "opto-echograph", that is a system combining an echograph and an acousto-optical imaging system, we compared the importance of acoustic and optical contrasts in our signal. We have notably improved contrast and spatial resolution thanks to two successive techniques: a detection of the second-harmonic acousto-optical signal, and a frequency coding of the axial position
Béland, Sylvie. "Évaluation acousto-ultrasonique de l'endommagement thermique dans un matériau composite carbone/époxyde." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMontalibet, Amalric Jossinet Jacques. "Etude du couplage acousto-magnétique détection des gradients de conductivité électrique en vue de la caractérisation tissulaire /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=montalibet.
Повний текст джерелаMontalibet, Amalric. "Etude du couplage acousto-magnétique : détection des gradients de conductivité électrique en vue de la caractérisation tissulaire." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis report describes the coupling between a magnetic field and an ultrasound beam in an electrolyte or a biological medium. This coupling gives rise to an acoustomagnetic interaction due to Lorentz Force and produces a bulk current density depending on the acoustical properties of the medium and its electric conductivity. The presented method consists in the collection of the total current generated in the sample where the interaction takes place. The theoretical part of the report presents the phenomenology, the associated fundamental equations and the ensuing signal processing methods. The experimental part presents the purpose-made instrumentation and the results obtained on agar gel blocks and biological samples. The used field magnitudes are applicable to in vivo measurements. This interaction associates the advantages of the existing bioelectrical and acoustic methods and enables a better characterisation of pathological and normal tissues
Ben, Boubaker Moez, and Boubaker Moez Ben. "Non-destructive quality control of carbon anodes using modal analysis, acousto-ultrasonic and latent variable methods." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27843.
Повний текст джерелаLa performance des cuves d’électrolyse utilisées dans la production d’aluminium primaire par le procédé Hall-Héroult est fortement influencée par la qualité des anodes de carbone. Celles-ci sont de plus en plus variables en raison de la qualité décroissante des matières premières (coke et braie) et des changements de fournisseurs qui deviennent de plus en plus fréquents afin de réduire le coût d’achat et de rencontrer les spécifications des usines. En effet, les défauts des anodes, tels les fissures, les pores et les hétérogénéités, causés par cette variabilité, doivent être détectés le plus tôt possible afin d’éviter d’utiliser des anodes défectueuses dans les cuves et/ou d’apporter des ajustements au niveau du procédé de fabrication des anodes. Cependant, les fabricants d’anodes ne sont pas préparés pour réagir à cette situation afin de maintenir une qualité d'anode stable. Par conséquent, il devient prioritaire de développer des techniques permettant d’inspecter le volume complet de chaque anode individuelle afin d’améliorer le contrôle de la qualité des anodes et de compenser la variabilité provenant des matières premières. Un système d’inspection basé sur les techniques d’analyse modale et d’acousto-ultrasonique est proposé pour contrôler la qualité des anodes de manière rapide et non destructive. Les données massives (modes de vibration et signaux acoustiques) ont été analysées à l'aide de méthodes statistiques à variables latentes, telles que l'Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) et la Projection sur les Structures Latentes (PSL), afin de regrouper les anodes testées en fonction de leurs signatures vibratoires et acousto-ultrasoniques. Le système d'inspection a été premièrement investigué sur des tranches d'anodes industrielles et ensuite testé sur plusieurs anodes pleine grandeur produites sous différentes conditions à l’usine de Alcoa Deschambault au Québec (ADQ). La méthode proposée a permis de distinguer les anodes saines de celles contenant des défauts ainsi que d’identifier le type et la sévérité des défauts, et de les localiser. La méthode acousto-ultrasonique a été validée qualitativement par la tomographie à rayon-X, pour les analyses des tranches d’anodes. Pour les tests réalisés sur les blocs d’anode, la validation a été réalisée au moyen de photos recueillies après avoir coupé certaines anodes parmi celles testées.
The performance of the Hall-Héroult electrolysis reduction process used for the industrial aluminium smelting is strongly influenced by the quality of carbon anodes, particularly by the presence of defects in their internal structure, such as cracks, pores and heterogeneities. This is partly due to the decreasing quality and increasing variability of the raw materials available on the market as well as the frequent suppliers changes made in order to meet the smelter’s specifications and to reduce purchasing costs. However, the anode producers are not prepared to cope with these variations and in order to maintain consistent anode quality. Consequently, it becomes a priority to develop alternative methods for inspecting each anode block to improve quality control and maintain consistent anode quality in spite of the variability of incoming raw materials.A rapid and non-destructive inspection system for anode quality control is proposed based on modal analysis and acousto-ultrasonic techniques. The large set of vibration and acousto-ultrasonic data collected from baked anode materials was analyzed using multivariate latent variable methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS), in order to cluster the tested anodes based on vibration and their acousto-ultrasonic signatures. The inspection system was investigated first using slices collected from industrial anodes and then on several full size anodes produced under different conditions at the Alcoa Deschambault in Québec (ADQ). It is shown that the proposed method allows discriminating defect-free anodes from those containing various types of defects. In addition, the acousto-ultrasonic features obtained in different frequency ranges were found to be sensitive to the defects severities and were able to locate them in anode blocks. The acousto-ultrasonic method was validated qualitatively using X-ray computed tomography, when studying the anode slices. The results obtained on the full size anode blocks were validated by means of images collected after cutting some tested anodes.
The performance of the Hall-Héroult electrolysis reduction process used for the industrial aluminium smelting is strongly influenced by the quality of carbon anodes, particularly by the presence of defects in their internal structure, such as cracks, pores and heterogeneities. This is partly due to the decreasing quality and increasing variability of the raw materials available on the market as well as the frequent suppliers changes made in order to meet the smelter’s specifications and to reduce purchasing costs. However, the anode producers are not prepared to cope with these variations and in order to maintain consistent anode quality. Consequently, it becomes a priority to develop alternative methods for inspecting each anode block to improve quality control and maintain consistent anode quality in spite of the variability of incoming raw materials.A rapid and non-destructive inspection system for anode quality control is proposed based on modal analysis and acousto-ultrasonic techniques. The large set of vibration and acousto-ultrasonic data collected from baked anode materials was analyzed using multivariate latent variable methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS), in order to cluster the tested anodes based on vibration and their acousto-ultrasonic signatures. The inspection system was investigated first using slices collected from industrial anodes and then on several full size anodes produced under different conditions at the Alcoa Deschambault in Québec (ADQ). It is shown that the proposed method allows discriminating defect-free anodes from those containing various types of defects. In addition, the acousto-ultrasonic features obtained in different frequency ranges were found to be sensitive to the defects severities and were able to locate them in anode blocks. The acousto-ultrasonic method was validated qualitatively using X-ray computed tomography, when studying the anode slices. The results obtained on the full size anode blocks were validated by means of images collected after cutting some tested anodes.
Grasland-Mongrain, Pol. "Applications de la force de Lorentz en acoustique médicale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10280/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ability of the Lorentz force to link a mechanical displacement to an electrical current presents a strong interest for medical acoustics, and three applications were studied in this thesis. In the first part of this work, a hydrophone was developed for mapping the particle velocity of an acoustic field. This hydrophone was constructed using a thin copper wire and an external magnetic field. A model was elaborated to determine the relationship between the acoustic pressure and the measured electrical current, which is induced by Lorentz force when the wire vibrates in the acoustic field of an ultrasound transducer. The built prototype was characterized and its spatial resolution, frequency response, sensitivity, robustness and directivity response were investigated. An imaging method called Lorentz Force Electrical Impedance Tomography was also studied. In this method, a biological tissue is vibrated by ultrasound in a magnetic field, which induces an electrical current by Lorentz force. The electrical impedance of the tissue can be deduced from the measurement of the current. This technique was applied for imaging a gelatin phantom, a beef muscle sample, and a thermal lesion in a chicken breast sample. This showed the method may be useful for providing additional contrast to conventional ultrasound imaging. Finally, this thesis demonstrated that shear waves can be generated in soft tissues using Lorentz force. This work was performed by applying an electrical current with two electrodes in a soft solid placed in a magnetic field. Shear waves were observed in gelatin phantom and liver sample. The speed of the shear waves were used to compute elasticity and their source to map the electrical conductivity of the samples