Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aclare mine"

Context Agricultural land used for open-cut coal mining in Queensland is required by law to be returned to a safe, stable and self-sustaining state for agriculture. Aims The aim of this research was to identify whether rehabilitated pastures on post-mine soil at a site near Acland could viably support cattle production. Methods Five years of field data from Botanal pasture assessments, pasture quality, cattle liveweights and faecal observations, plus supplementary cattle liver data, were used to compare pasture and cattle performance from mined and unmined previously cultivated brigalow land. Subtropical pasture species were sown in 2007 (Rehab1, 22 ha), 2010 (Rehab 2, 32 ha) and 2012 (Rehab3, 22 ha) in three rehabilitated paddocks and in 2012 in an unmined (Control, 21 ha) paddock. The paddocks were grazed for 117–190 days of each year by Angus cattle. Key results Mean total standing dry matter in grazed pasture over the five trial years was consistently higher in Rehab 2 (5656 kg/ha) than in the other paddocks. Rehab 1 (3965 kg/ha) and Rehab 3 (3609 kg/ha) performed at an intermediate level and the Control paddock produced less pasture (2871 kg/ha). Grass leaf crude protein was higher in Rehab 2 than in the other paddocks and declined significantly (P < 0.001) across all paddocks as pasture aged. Pasture species remained perennial, palatable and productive in all paddocks; however, pasture yield, quality and composition trends over time suggested that pasture rundown occurred across all paddocks. The mean liveweight gain (LWG) per head when grazing the trial paddocks (trial LWG) was higher (P < 0.05) in the Rehab 2 cohort than the other paddock cohorts in Years 3 and 5, and trial LWG in the Control cohort was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from one or more of the rehabilitated paddock cohorts each year. Cattle production per hectare during the trial grazing periods was also consistently highest in Rehab 2 (5-year mean trial LWG 131 kg/ha) compared with the other paddocks (67–80 kg/ha). Conclusion The rehabilitated pastures in use by the mine were considered at least as productive as the surrounding unmined brigalow landscape. Implications The Acland rehabilitation process was considered successful in establishing pastures that were able to viably support cattle production.

Context New Acland coal mine in south-eastern Queensland is seeking to rehabilitate mined land to pastures that are safe, stable and sustainable for beef production. Little is known of the productivity and sustainability of grazing previously mined land in the Darling Downs study region. Additionally, information is required to specify management guidelines for sustainable grazing of regional land types retired from cultivation. Aims Identify pasture growth characteristics, rainfall use efficiencies and long-term carrying capacities of subtropical sown pastures established on lands rehabilitated after open-cut coal mining in comparison to sown pastures established on un-mined but previously cultivated lands. Methods Pasture growth and quality (% nitrogen) were observed using the Swiftsynd methodology in ungrazed exclosures with three sites on rehabilitated lands of the Acland Grazing Trial over a 5-year period (2014–2018), and 13 sites on unmined lands over periods of 2–5 years providing data for modelling pasture growth. Key results Peak pasture yield (TSDM for autumn harvests) averaged for 2017 and 2018 was greater (P < 0.1) on rehabilitated sites than unmined Poplar Box land type sites (5957 and 2233 kg/ha respectively) but similar to Brigalow Uplands and Mountain Coolibah land type sites (3946 and 3413 kg/ha respectively). Pasture rundown was evident, with pasture N uptake decreasing over 5 years at some sites. Soil mineral N supply (potentially mineralisable N and mineral N) in spring was a useful indicator of N uptake over the following growing season. Simulations using the GRASP pasture growth model for the grazing trial period predicted rainfall use efficiencies of 12.0, 7.0, 9.1 and 4.8 kg/ha.mm rainfall for rehabilitated sites and unmined sites on Brigalow Uplands, Mountain Coolibah and Poplar Box land types respectively. Long-term carrying capacities based on estimates of long-term median pasture growth and 30% utilisation were 4.39, 3.58 and 5.92 ha/adult equivalent respectively for the unmined land types, and 2.45 ha/adult equivalent for the rehabilitated lands. Conclusions Rehabilitated land can be as productive as unmined but previously cultivated land. Implications Grazing management plans for sustainable management of mined and unmined lands can be developed using data from the present study. The plans will assist with the transition of rehabilitated lands to commercial agriculture.

Este artículo describe fenomenológicamente nuestra situación ontológica y nuestros dos modos de conocimiento. Existe el conocimiento de la mente como el conocedor de las formas y el conocedor de la conciencia como el conocedor del Ser. Este documento vincula e integra la visión tántrica Dzogchen de la distinción mente-conciencia con la visión fenomenológica europea de los siglos XIX y XX de la distinción mente-conciencia expresada en el trabajo de Heidegger y Merleau Ponty. Esta distinción de mente y conciencia nos permite aclarar la confusión sobre nuestro conocimiento de las formas y nuestro conocimiento del Ser. El artículo enfatiza el entrelazamiento de la conciencia y la mente. Cuando la mente y la conciencia están en unidad, el conocedor puede conocer el Ser del ser a través de un ser. La persona puede conocer la dualidad de los seres dentro de la no dualidad del Ser. Y la persona puede conocer la no dualidad del Ser dentro de la dualidad de los seres.

Context The Acland Land System overlying the Walloon sandstone coal deposits in southern Queensland is generally marginal for cropping but well suited to grazing, and thus cultivated land is commonly returned to pasture. Rehabilitation of these lands after open-cut coal mining seeks to be safe, stable and self-sustaining to satisfy requirements for ecologically sustainable development. Aims The present paper evaluates the sustainability and economic viability of beef production on (a) lands retired from cultivation and then rehabilitated with sown pastures after open-cut coal mining at the New Acland mine site, and (b) similar nearby pasture lands that were not mined but were also retired from cultivation. Methods The GRASP grazing systems model was modified and calibrated with short-term (5-year) grazing trial data (soil, pasture and cattle observations), and then used with long-term (60-year) weather data to estimate effects of land type, pasture rundown, climate and grazing pressure on productivity and economic returns. The productivity of three rehabilitated sites and 15 unmined sites were evaluated, including pastures on six commercial properties. Key results Estimates of long-term mean annual growth of pastures on unmined lands retired from cultivation on three land types (Mountain Coolibah, Brigalow Uplands and Poplar Box) were 3398, 2817 and 2325 kg/ha respectively. Pasture growth was greater on rehabilitated lands; 3736 kg/ha on the site most typical of rehabilitated lands and a mean of 4959 kg/ha across three sites. Seasonal conditions had large effects on cattle liveweight gain (133–213 kg/head per year during the trial); however, pasture growth was the main driver of beef production and economic returns per hectare. In GRASP, potential nitrogen uptake was used to influence key pasture growth processes and accounted for 64% of variation in observed annual growth. The short-term lift and subsequent rundown in productivity typically associated with sown pastures was estimated to have increased mean annual pasture and cattle productivity during the 2014–2018 trial period by up to 17% and 25% respectively. Estimates of long-term mean annual beef production and economic returns for the unmined lands were less than estimated for rehabilitated lands and were 139 kg/head.year (45 kg/ha.year) and AU$154/adult equivalent. Conclusions Rehabilitated lands were found to be sustainable for beef production at grazing pressures up to 30% utilisation of annual pasture growth, and comparable with grazing systems on native and sown pastures in good condition. Pastures on unmined lands retired from cultivation had reduced productivity. Implications Overgrazing is a significant and on-going residual risk to sustainable production. Grazing regimes need to continually adjust for changes in novel landscapes, pasture condition and climate. The methods used in the present study could be applied more generally.

El presente artículo se centra en la caracterización del conocimiento no inferencial, realizada por Willfrid Sellars en su artículo Empiricism and Philosophy of Mind (1956). El motivo para realizar esta lectura surge, por un lado, de las dificultades para comprender la idea de un conocimiento no inferencial compatible con el requerimiento de un holismo conceptual y la negación de su carácter de inmediato y, por el otro, de la comparación de esta clase de conocimiento con el conocimiento inmediato defendido por Alston en What’s Wrong with Immediate Knowledge? (1983). Nuestro objetivo será, según esperamos aclarar, que la postura de Sellars establece la viabilidad de una concepción de conocimiento no inferencial no comprometida con la idea de lo dado, ello a partir de la negación del carácter inmediato de tal conocimiento y bajo el compromiso de una concepción normativa del mismo y del requisito de un sujeto epistemológico reflexivo.

La información sobre si la inhibición de la respuesta es una variable asociada al sobrepeso y la obesidad es poco concluyente y contradictoria. Para aclarar dicha relación, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivos indagar si hay diferencias entre individuos con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad en la ejecución de las dos tareas más utilizadas para evaluar inhibición de respuesta, así como observar si se producen resultados diferentes cuando la inhibición se mide como cancelación o como restricción de la respuesta. Se controlaron los niveles de depresión y ansiedad en una muestra no probabilística e intencional de 100 jóvenes (50 hombres y 50 mujeres) de entre 18 y 29 años, agrupados de acuerdo a su índice de masa corporal. Se aplicaron dos tareas para evaluar la inhibición de la respuesta: Go/No-Go (restricción) y Stop Signal (cancelación). Los resultados mostraron que los participantes con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad lograron puntuaciones similares en ambas tareas. Se concluye que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad no presentan dificultades en la inhibición de respuestas ante estímulos neutros.

Se considera a la pelvis materna, como el factor más importante de los tres (pelvis materna, presentación fetal, contracciones uterinas), que gobiernan la evolución de los fenómenos del parto; de ahí que la pelvimetría radiográfica constituya un auxiliar clínico de valor, pero que no es capaz de aclarar todas las dudas clínicas, ni de indicarnos con exactitud la evolución del parto. Se estudian los diámetros pelvianos más importantes: conjugado vera, transverso en el estrecho superior; bi-ciático y sagital posterior en la excavación y el bi-isquiático en el estrecho inferior, quedando en segundo lugar los otros diámetros del estrecho superior que sirven para determinar su forma y ubicar a la pelvis en la clasificación de Cadwell-Moloy. En doscientas pelvis estudiadas, se ha encontrado que el conjugado vera más frecuente (34.5 %) mide entre 11 á 11.5 cm. y el bi-ciático de 10 á 10.5 cm. en el 41.5 %. En el estrecho superior, el 13.5 % de las pelvis tenían el conjugado vera entre 8.5 á 10 cm., es decir eran pelvis estrechas. En la excavación 35% eran pelvis estrechas con bi-ciático comprendido entre 8.0 á 9.5 cm.

The implementation of practices to protect miners’ health was slowly formalized in Europe beginning from the end of the 19th century. The legal pathway was equally long in all countries, especially in relation to the recognition of companies’ liability in the emergence of pathologies related to workplace morbidity . As there were no precise regulations and no medical agreement on the interpretation of certain diseases, health in the mine remained an ambiguous matter for mining companies, especially in relation with psycho-physical selection of workers and qualification of labour. In the interwar period, the problem of occupational health in the mines became more urgent, worsened by the introduction of scientific management and new extractive technologies. As showed by Paul André Rosenthal, silicosis became and it’s still today a global problem, both geographically and conceptually.In this paper we focus on the case of Italian mines of Pertusola, the Italian subsidiary of the greater group Peñarroya, which became one of the biggest European mining and metallurgical corporations in the first part of the 20th century. At the crossroads between the value of health and that of performance at work, a space was opened for the development of practices, tools, measures, and techniques to act on both performance and occupational health, via the materiality of the human body. By the analysis of the firm strategy and initiatives, this paper aims at clarifying the transformation of occupational health in a managerial issue. La implementación de prácticas para proteger la salud de los mineros se formalizó lentamente en Europa a partir de finales del siglo XIX. El camino legal fue igualmente largo en todos los países, especialmente en relación con el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad de las empresas en la aparición de patologías relacionadas con la morbilidad laboral. Como no existían normas precisas ni acuerdo médico sobre la interpretación de ciertas enfermedades, la salud en la mina seguía siendo un tema ambiguo para las empresas mineras, especialmente en relación con la selección psicofísica de los trabajadores y la calificación de la mano de obra. En el período de entreguerras, el problema de la salud ocupacional en las minas se hizo más urgente, agravado por la introducción de la gestión científica y las nuevas tecnologías extractivas. Como mostró Paul André Rosenthal, la silicosis se convirtió y sigue siendo hoy en día un problema global, tanto geográfica como conceptualmente.En este artículo nos centramos en el caso de las minas italianas de Pertusola, la filial italiana del gran grupo Peñarroya, que se convirtió en una de las mayores corporaciones mineras y metalúrgicas europeas en la primera parte del siglo XX. En la encrucijada entre el valor de la salud y el del desempeño en el trabajo, se abrió un espacio para el desarrollo de prácticas, herramientas, medidas y técnicas para actuar tanto sobre el desempeño como sobre la salud ocupacional, a través de la materialidad del cuerpo humano. A través del análisis de la estrategia y de las iniciativas de la empresa, este artículo tiene como objetivo aclarar la transformación de la salud ocupacional en una cuestión gerencial.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo aclarar desde una perspectiva fenomenológica el concepto de fenómeno en el capítulo de la Fenomenología del espíritu dedicado al entendimiento. En primer lugar, el texto muestra de qué modo el fenómeno se define como la totalidad de lo que aparece en el contexto del concepto de fuerza de la filosofía de la naturaleza. El artículo explicita a continuación cómo, a través de este concepto de fenómeno, el mundo suprasensible devine en objeto para el entendimiento y nombrado, por ello, como el verdadero fenómeno. A partir de aquí, en tercer lugar, el texto muestra, a su vez, cómo a través del mundo suprasensible, el mundo de las leyes de la naturaleza se constituye en objeto para el entendimiento y cómo estas leyes no pueden dar cuenta efectivamente del surgimiento de lo que aparece, mostrando, por tanto, ya desde aquí, la necesidad de un concepto filosófico de fenómeno.The purpose of this article is to clarify from a phenomenological perspective the concept of appearance in the chapter of the Phenomenology of Mind dedicated to the concept of understanding. Firstly, the text shows how the concept of appearance is defined as the totality of seeming in the context of the concept of force within the philosophy of nature. Secondly, the article explains how the supersensible world, through this concept of appearance, turns into an object for understanding and now it is designated as the authentic appearance. Finally, the text shows how through the supersensible world, the world of the laws of nature is turned into an object for understanding and how these laws cannot effectively account for the emergence of what appears, thus, exhibiting since here the need for a philosophical concept of appearance.