Статті в журналах: "Achromobacter spp"

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Chernukha, M. Yu, L. R. Avetisyan, E. V. Rusakova, V. D. Sherman, E. K. Zhekayte, E. G. Tselikina, and I. R. Fatkhullina. "Epidemiological role of chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter in patients with cystic fibrosis." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 3 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-3-20-25.

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Achromobacter is a genus of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria that have particular clinical importance for patients with cystic fibrosis. Objective. To analyze epidemiological role of chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter in patients with cystic fibrosis in Russia. Patients and methods. We examined 142 Achromobacter spp. isolates from sputum samples and throat swabs collected from 89 children and 53 adults. We used bacteriological and molecular methods (PCR, WGS) for identification and typing. Results. Our results demonstrated that newly identified chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter spp. can be both nosocomial and community-acquired. Pathogens with different genotypes (ST36, ST261, ST184) are transmissive. Types ST36 and ST261 are found in several continents. Since 33.3% of patients infected with Achromobacter spp. were also found to have A. ruhlandii ST36, it can be defined as an epidemic clone. Our findings suggest high clinical and epidemiological importance of Achromobacter spp. Key words: Achromobacter spp., cystic fibrosis, a chronic lung infection

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Avetisyan, L. R., M. Yu Chernukha, V. G. Zhukhovitsky, E. V. Rusakova, E. M. Burmistrov, O. S. Medvedeva, N. B. Polyakov, et al. "Microbiological monitoring of chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter spp. in patients with cystic fibrosis." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 3 (2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-3-26-32.

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Objective. To provide a rationale for microbiological monitoring of chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter spp. in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to develop an adequate preventive and therapeutic strategy. Materials and methods. This study included 142 Achromobacter strains isolated from 55 children and 35 adults with CF during their follow-up. In this study, classical microbiological (culture) and modern molecular genetic methods (polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)), and MALDI-TOF-MS were used. Results. Among the examined patients with chronic lung infection caused by bacteria from the genus Achromobacter, monoinfection was detected in 5.8% of patients. In other cases, associations of Achromobacter spp. with other bacterial species were observed. A. ruhlandii (76%) and A. xylosoxidans (7.2%) were the most frequently isolated species. It was shown that the microbiota in CF patients with chronic lung infection caused by Achromobacter spp. is characterized by variability and is related to long-term circulation of both one genotype with different subpopulation phenotypes and circulation of 2 or more genotypes or species of Achromobacter spp., which has clinical and epidemiological significance. Conclusion. Successful prevention and treatment of Achromobacter spp.-associated infections in CF patients require continuous microbiological monitoring of chronic infection, including that of phenotypic and genotypic properties of Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from patients. Key words: chronic lung infection, Achromobacter sp., microbiological monitoring, genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, sensitivity to antibiotics

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Bocharova, Y. A., T. A. Saviniova, A. V. Chaplin, Artem V. Lyamin, O. V. Kondratenko, S. V. Polikarpova, S. V. Zhilina, et al. "Genomic properties in Achromobacter spp. strains from cystic fibrosis patients in Russia." Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 23, no. 3 (2021): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.3.220-225.

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Objective. To determine species, sequence-types, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Achromobacter spp. isolates obtained from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Russia. Materials and Methods. Samples (sputum, nasopharyngeal swab) from 168 CF patients from 48 regions were studied. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on MGISEQ-2000 platform. SPAdes software, Galaxy, ResFinder, Integrall, PubMLST were used for analysis of WGS data. Results. A total of 18 strains of Achromobacter spp. were isolated from 16 of 168 CF patients.Achromobacter xylosoxidans was the most prevalent and detected in 13⁄18 cases (72%). Studied Achromobacter spp. isolates belonged to 14 sequence types, including 8 new sequence types. An adaptive resistance gene carriage was a rare phenomenon (1⁄18 isolates). Conclusions. The Achromobacter spp. colonization rate of respiratory system in CF patients in Russia corresponds to the data reported in other countries. A. xylosoxidans isolates were the most prevalent (72%). Achromobacter spp. isolates from CF patients in Russia and show a high clonal diversity.

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Crone, Cornelia Geisler, Omid Rezahosseini, Hans Henrik Lawaetz Schultz, Tavs Qvist, Helle Krogh Johansen, Susanne Dam Nielsen, and Michael Perch. "Achromobacter spp. in a Cohort of Non-Selected Pre- and Post-Lung Transplant Recipients." Pathogens 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020181.

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Achromobacter is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is associated with increased mortality. Little is known about Achromobacter spp. in the lung transplant recipient (LTXr) population. We aimed at describing rates of Achromobacter spp. infection in LTXr prior to, in relation to, and after transplantation, as well as all-cause mortality proportion in infected and uninfected LTXr. We included 288 adult LTXr who underwent lung transplantation (LTX) between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 in Denmark. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at regular intervals starting two weeks after transplantation. Positive cultures of Achromobacter spp. were identified in nationwide microbiology registries, and infections were categorized as persistent or transient, according to the proportion of positive cultures. A total of 11 of the 288 LTXr had transient (n = 7) or persistent (n = 4) Achromobacter spp. infection after LTX; CF was the underlying disease in 9 out of 11 LTXr. Three out of the four patients, with persistent infection after LTX, also had persistent infection before LTX. The cumulative incidence of the first episode of infection one year after LTX was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.6–6.0). The incidence rates of transient and persistent infection in the first year after LTX were 27 (12–53) and 15 (5–37) per 1000 person-years of follow-up, respectively. The all-cause mortality proportion one year after LTX was 27% in the Achromobacter spp. infected patients and 12% in the uninfected patients (p = 0.114). Achromobacter spp. mainly affected LTXr with CF as the underlying disease and was rare in non-CF LTXr. Larger studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes of Achromobacter spp. in LTXr.

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Tripathi, Nishant, Niki Koirala, Hirotaka Kato, Tushi Singh, Kishore Karri, and Kshitij Thakur. "First Documented Case of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube-Associated Bacterial Peritonitis due to Achromobacter Species with Literature Review." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2020 (January 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4397930.

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Introduction. Achromobacter species (spp.) peritonitis has seldom been identified in medical literature. Scarce cases of Achromobacter peritonitis described previously have been correlated with peritoneal dialysis and more sparingly with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Achromobacter exhibits intrinsic and acquired resistance, especially in chronic infections, to most antibiotics. This article conducts a literature review of all previously reported Achromobacter spp. peritonitis and describes the first reported case of Achromobacter peritonitis as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Discussion. Achromobacter peritonitis as a complication of PEG-tube placement has not been previously reported. In our patients’ case, the recently placed PEG-tube with ascitic fluid leakage was identified as the most plausible infection source. Although a rare bacterial peritonitis pathogen, Achromobacter may be associated with wide antimicrobial resistance and unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion. No current guidelines provide significant guidance on treatment of PEG-tube peritonitis regardless of microbial etiology. Infectious Disease Society of America identifies various broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting nosocomial intra-abdominal coverage; some of these antimicrobial selections (such as cefepime and metronidazole combination) may yet be inadequate for widely resistant Achromobacter spp. Recognizably, the common antibiotics utilized for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, i.e., third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, to which Achromobacter is resistant and variably susceptible, respectively, would be extensively insufficient. Piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) and carbapenem were identified to provide the most reliable coverage in vitro; clinically, 5 out of the 8 patients who received either P/T or a carbapenem, or both, eventually experienced clinical improvement.

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AMOUREUX, L., J. BADOR, T. VERRIER, H. MJAHED, C. DE CURRAIZE, and C. NEUWIRTH. "Achromobacter xylosoxidans is the predominant Achromobacter species isolated from diverse non-respiratory samples." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 16 (August 18, 2016): 3527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001564.

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SUMMARYAchromobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic Gram-negative rods responsible for diverse nosocomial or community-acquired infections. We describe, for the first time, the distribution of Achromobacter spp., defined by nrdA gene sequencing, and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a variety of non-respiratory samples recovered from hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2015. Of the 63 isolates studied, A. xylosoxidans was the most prevalent (41 isolates), and with the exception of A. insuavis (four isolates), the remaining 10 species identified were represented by one or two isolates only. All isolates were uniformly susceptible to piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam and 97% to meropenem, but 76% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. This study confirms the diversity of Achromobacter spp. in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates and the predominance of A. xylosoxidans, as previously reported for CF sputum isolates. There was no apparent link between the clinical site of infection and the species of Achromobacter.

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Parra-Vera, Henry Junior, Galo Guillermo Farfán-Cano, and Dayci Colombia Buele-Chica. "Panorama microbiológico de Achromobacter spp. Como potencial agente infeccioso - Microbiological overview of Achromobacter spp. As a potential infectious agent." Investigatio 20 (March 31, 2023): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31095/investigatio.2023.20.6.

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Introducción: Achromobacter es un género que viene ganando importancia como patógenos raros y oportunistas de tipo nosocomial en el último decenio, sus reportes de caso vienen aumentando, de ahí la importancia de revisar el estado acerca de estos microorganismos. Métodos: se incluyeron publicaciones que analizaran aspectos microbiológicos del género y su relación con infecciones en humanos, a los cuales se accedió por medio de una búsqueda sistemática de información en base de datos de Pubmed efectuada el 15 de septiembre de 2022; el sesgo de selección se aminoro con criterios de exclusión (estudios en animales, artículos que exploren otros géneros y no Achromobacter y Achromobacter sin relación a infecciones en seres humanos). Resultados: de la búsqueda se obtuvo 92 artículos de los cuales 46 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: es un género ubicuo, patógeno oportunista en humanos, causante de infecciones nosocomiales, con resistencia intrínseca a un amplio espectro de antimicrobianos.

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Ronin, Eve, Christian Derancourt, André Cabié, and Karine Marion-Sanchez. "Achromobacter spp. Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122471.

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Achromobacter species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect immunocompromised patients but so far with limited evidence. We conducted a systematic review on Achromobacter spp. surgical site infections (SSIs) to determine if such infections were indeed more commonly associated with immunocompromised patients. The secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of infected patients. Eligible articles had to be published before 30 September 2020 and to report Achromobacter spp. SSIs across all surgical specialties excluding ophthalmology. Analyses were performed on individual data without meta-analysis. Cases were divided into 2 subgroups: one group which had either prosthesis or implant and the other group which did not. A first selection led to a review of 94 articles, of which 37 were analyzed. All were case reports or case series and corresponded to 49 infected patients. Most of the patients were under 65 years of age and had undergone a heart or digestive surgery followed by deep infection with no co-infecting pathogens. Nine out of the 49 cases were immunocompromised, with similar distribution between the two subgroups (16.6% and 20%, respectively). This review suggests that Achromobacter spp. SSIs do not preferentially target immunocompromised patients.

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Kendi Celebi, Zeynep, Serkan Akturk, Gulden Celik, Selma Yalcin, Kenan Ates, and Oktay Karatan. "CAPD-Associated Peritonitis with Achromobacter SPP.: Case Report." Turkish Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5262/tndt.2015.1002.12.

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Sandri, Angela, Janus Anders Juul Haagensen, Laura Veschetti, Helle Krogh Johansen, Søren Molin, Giovanni Malerba, Caterina Signoretto, Marzia Boaretti, and Maria M. Lleo. "Adaptive Interactions of Achromobacter spp. with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Chronic Lung Co-Infection." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080978.

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In the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the main pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often co-isolated with other microbes, likely engaging in inter-species interactions. In the case of chronic co-infections, this cohabitation can last for a long time and evolve over time, potentially contributing to the clinical outcome. Interactions involving the emerging pathogens Achromobacter spp. have only rarely been studied, reporting inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. To evaluate the possible evolution of such interplay, we assessed the ability of Achromobacter spp. isolates to affect the biofilm formation of co-isolated P. aeruginosa strains during long-term chronic co-infections. We observed both competition and cohabitation. An Achromobacter sp. isolate secreted exoproducts interfering with the adhesion ability of a co-isolated P. aeruginosa strain and affected its biofilm formation. Conversely, a clonal Achromobacter sp. strain later isolated from the same patient, as well as two longitudinal strains from another patient, did not show similar competitive behavior against its P. aeruginosa co-isolates. Genetic variants supporting the higher virulence of the competitive Achromobacter sp. isolate were found in its genome. Our results confirm that both inter-species competition and cohabitation are represented during chronic co-infections in CF airways, and evolution of these interplays can happen even at the late stages of chronic infection.

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Voronina, O. L., M. S. Kunda, N. N. Ryzhova, E. I. Aksenova, V. G. Lunin, and A. L. Gintsburg. "Express-genotyping of Achromobacter spp. in biological samples." Laboratornaya sluzhba 4, no. 3 (2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/labs20154315-18.

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Veschetti, Laura, Angela Sandri, Cristina Patuzzo, Paola Melotti, Giovanni Malerba, and Maria M. Lleò. "Mobilome Analysis of Achromobacter spp. Isolates from Chronic and Occasional Lung Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010130.

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Achromobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although a variety of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified in clinical isolates, little is known about the contribution of Achromobacter spp. mobilome to its pathogenicity. To provide new insights, we performed bioinformatic analyses of 54 whole genome sequences and investigated the presence of phages, insertion sequences (ISs), and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Most of the detected phages were previously described in other pathogens and carried type II toxin-antitoxin systems as well as other pathogenic genes. Interestingly, the partial sequence of phage Bcep176 was found in all the analyzed Achromobacter xylosoxidans genome sequences, suggesting the integration of this phage in an ancestor strain. A wide variety of IS was also identified either inside of or in proximity to pathogenicity islands. Finally, ICEs carrying pathogenic genes were found to be widespread among our isolates and seemed to be involved in transfer events within the CF lung. These results highlight the contribution of MGEs to the pathogenicity of Achromobacter species, their potential to become antimicrobial targets, and the need for further studies to better elucidate their clinical impact.

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Veschetti, Laura, Angela Sandri, Cristina Patuzzo, Paola Melotti, Giovanni Malerba, and Maria M. Lleò. "Mobilome Analysis of Achromobacter spp. Isolates from Chronic and Occasional Lung Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010130.

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Achromobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although a variety of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified in clinical isolates, little is known about the contribution of Achromobacter spp. mobilome to its pathogenicity. To provide new insights, we performed bioinformatic analyses of 54 whole genome sequences and investigated the presence of phages, insertion sequences (ISs), and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Most of the detected phages were previously described in other pathogens and carried type II toxin-antitoxin systems as well as other pathogenic genes. Interestingly, the partial sequence of phage Bcep176 was found in all the analyzed Achromobacter xylosoxidans genome sequences, suggesting the integration of this phage in an ancestor strain. A wide variety of IS was also identified either inside of or in proximity to pathogenicity islands. Finally, ICEs carrying pathogenic genes were found to be widespread among our isolates and seemed to be involved in transfer events within the CF lung. These results highlight the contribution of MGEs to the pathogenicity of Achromobacter species, their potential to become antimicrobial targets, and the need for further studies to better elucidate their clinical impact.

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Nakai, Ryuichiro, Ayaka makino, Hitomi Hama, Toriko Yoshitomi, Rio Nakamura, Meredith Hackel, Miki Takemura, Daniel F. Sahm, and Yoshinori Yamano. "1066. In Vitro and in Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Cefiderocol and Comparators against Achromobacter spp." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S625—S626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1260.

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Abstract Background Achromobacter spp. is intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the treatment options are limited. Cefiderocol (CFDC), a siderophore cephalosporin approved in US and EU, is active against a wide variety of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant strains. In this study, in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of CFDC against Achromobacter spp. was evaluated. Methods A total of 334 global isolates collected by IHMA from 39 countries in 2015-2019 were used. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFDC and comparators were determined by broth microdilution method using iron-depleted CAMHB or CAMHB, respectively, as recommended by CLSI guidelines. In vivo efficacy of CFDC was compared with meropenem (MEM), piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP/TAZ), ceftazidime (CAZ), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in a neutropenic murine lung infection model (n=5), and compared with MEM in a immunocompetent rat lung infection model (n=3-7) caused by 2 A. xylosoxydans. In the murine model, treatment was given 2, 5, and 8 hours post-infection, and the numbers of viable cfu in lungs were determined 24 hours post-infection. In the rat model, the humanized PK in plasma resulting from CFDC 2 g every 8 h (3-h infusion) or meropenem 1 g every 8 h (0.5-h infusion) were recreated via continuous intravenous infusion for 4 days, following which cfu in lungs were determined. Results CFDC showed in vitro activity with MIC50/90 of 0.06/0.5 µg/mL against 334 Achromobacter spp. Only 7 isolates (2.1%) had MICs > 4 µg/mL. These were the lowest values among all compound tested (Table). In the murine model, CFDC caused > 1.5 log10 decrease of viable cfu in lungs at 100 mg/kg dose (%fT >MIC: < 50%) from baseline control against both of strains (CFDC MIC: 0.5 and 2 µg/mL) (P< 0.05). No decrease of cfu in lungs was observed for the comparators at 100 mg/kg (MEM, PIP/TAZ, CAZ, and CIP MICs were >16, >64, >32, and >8 µg/mL, respectively). In the rat model, humanized CFDC dosing reduced the viable cfu by >1 log10 CFU/lung compared with baseline controls (P< 0.05). MEM showed no significant activity. In vitro activity of CFDC and comparator agents against Achromobacter spp. 334 Achromobacter spp. isolates collected from 2015 and 2019. The majority of isolates tested were A. xylosoxidans (312/334; 93.4%), followed by A. insolitus (11/334; 3.3%), Achromobacter sp. (8/334; 2.4%), A. denitrificans (2/334; 0.6%), and A. piechaudii (1/334; 0.3%). Conclusion CFDC showed potent in vivo efficacy reflecting in vitro activity against A. xylosoxidans. The results suggested that CFDC has the potential to be an effective therapeutic option for Achromobacter spp. infections. Disclosures Ryuichiro Nakai, MSc, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd. (Employee) Ayaka makino, BSc, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd. (Employee) Toriko Yoshitomi, -, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd. (Employee) Rio Nakamura, BSc, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd. (Employee) Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Miki Takemura, MS, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD. (Employee) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi (Employee)

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Sandri, Angela, Laura Veschetti, Giulia Maria Saitta, Rebeca Passarelli Mantovani, Maria Carelli, Gloria Burlacchini, Sara Preato, et al. "Achromobacter spp. Adaptation in Cystic Fibrosis Infection and Candidate Biomarkers of Antimicrobial Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 9265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169265.

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Achromobacter spp. can establish occasional or chronic lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic colonization has been associated with worse prognosis highlighting the need to identify markers of bacterial persistence. To this purpose, we analyzed phenotypic features of 95 Achromobacter spp. isolates from 38 patients presenting chronic or occasional infection. Virulence was tested in Galleria mellonella larvae, cytotoxicity was tested in human bronchial epithelial cells, biofilm production in static conditions was measured by crystal violet staining and susceptibility to selected antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method. The presence of genetic loci associated to the analyzed phenotypic features was evaluated by a genome-wide association study. Isolates from occasional infection induced significantly higher mortality of G. mellonella larvae and showed a trend for lower cytotoxicity than chronic infection isolates. No significant difference was observed in biofilm production among the two groups. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that isolates from chronically-infected patients were significantly more resistant to sulfonamides and meropenem than occasional isolates. Candidate genetic biomarkers associated with antibiotic resistance or sensitivity were identified. Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from people with chronic and occasional lung infection exhibit different virulence and antibiotic susceptibility features, which could be linked to persistence in CF lungs. This underlines the possibility of identifying predictive biomarkers of persistence that could be useful for clinical purposes.

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Kaliniene, Laura, Algirdas Noreika, Algirdas Kaupinis, Mindaugas Valius, Edvinas Jurgelaitis, Justas Lazutka, Rita Meškienė, and Rolandas Meškys. "Analysis of a Novel Bacteriophage vB_AchrS_AchV4 Highlights the Diversity of Achromobacter Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030374.

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Achromobacter spp. are ubiquitous in nature and are increasingly being recognized as emerging nosocomial pathogens. Nevertheless, to date, only 30 complete genome sequences of Achromobacter phages are available in GenBank, and nearly all of those phages were isolated on Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of bacteriophage vB_AchrS_AchV4. To the best of our knowledge, vB_AchrS_AchV4 is the first virus isolated from Achromobacter spanius. Both vB_AchrS_AchV4 and its host, Achromobacter spanius RL_4, were isolated in Lithuania. VB_AchrS_AchV4 is a siphovirus, since it has an isometric head (64 ± 3.2 nm in diameter) and a non-contractile flexible tail (232 ± 5.4). The genome of vB_AchrS_AchV4 is a linear dsDNA molecule of 59,489 bp with a G+C content of 62.8%. It contains no tRNA genes, yet it includes 82 protein-coding genes, of which 27 have no homologues in phages. Using bioinformatics approaches, 36 vB_AchrS_AchV4 genes were given a putative function. A further four were annotated based on the results of LC–MS/MS. Comparative analyses revealed that vB_AchrS_AchV4 is a singleton siphovirus with no close relatives among known tailed phages. In summary, this work not only describes a novel and unique phage, but also advances our knowledge of genetic diversity and evolution of Achromobacter bacteriophages.

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Pandey, Kxitiza, and Sulekha Nautiyal. "Achromobacter: an emerging nosocomial pathogen." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193400.

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Background: Achromobacter is a ubiquitous, non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacterium that lives in soil and aquatic environments. In recent years, many studies have shown its potential as opportunistic pathogen. It can colonize various items used in hospital and can survive various disinfectants. The infections get complicated due to its vast spectrum of intrinsic and extrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents and disinfectants. Achromobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen and is becoming a reservoir for horizontal genetic transfer elements involved in spreading antibiotic resistance. This study was conducted to assess the extent of the Achromobacter related infection in our hospital setting and to set a baseline for future studies.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year (January to December 2018) in our tertiary care hospital. All specimens submitted for aerobic culture and sensitivity were analyzed and the bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was carried out using automated method (Vitek 2 Compact, bioMerieux).Results: Achromobacter species was reported from 0.46% (63/13831) specimens, 40% of them were isolated from suction tips. Achromobacter denitrificans amounted for 47/63 (74.6%) while Achromobacter xylosoxidans was identified in 16/63 (25.4%).Conclusions: Studying the organisms in order to observe their changing trends

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Makhmutova, V. R., T. E. Gembitskaya, A. G. Chermenskiy, O. N. Titova, N. A. Kuzubova, and T. A. Stepanenko. "Comparative characteristics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis in adults with chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 4 (2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-186-191.

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Background: in Russia, the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients increased by 10 years in 2011–2017 being 55.49 years in 2017. However, the number of patients with the chronic infection caused by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), e.g., Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp. etc., increased as well. Aim: to evaluate the differences in the nutritional and functional status and the severity of mutations in CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection or NFGNB infection and to assess the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to tobramycin in CF patients in the Northwest region of Russia. Patients and Methods: 31 patients with CF aged 18–43 years (18 men and 13 women) were examined. The duration of the study was 12 months. Spirometry, anthropometry, and sputum culture were performed. Results: P. aeruginosa alone was isolated in 18 patients (58%), Achromobacter spp. in 9 patients (29%), and Burkholderia spp. in 4 patients (13%). The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection (group 1, n=18, 10 out of 18 patients with mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa) or chronic NFGNB infection (group 2, n=13). The median age and the mode age were 27 years and 27 years, respectively, in group 1 and 24 years and 22 years, respectively, in group 2. It was demonstrated that CF patients with chronic NFGNB infection are characterized by poorer nutritional status (p<0.05) but similar functional status and the severity of CFTR gene mutation compared to CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection. It was also shown that Р. aeruginosa is highly sensitive to tobramycin (94.4%). Conclusions: in CF patients, chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Burkholderia cepacia and Achromobacter spp. account for 41.9% of gram-negative rod infections. Further studies and drug sensitivity monitoring are needed. KEYWORDS: cystic fibrosis, DNA test, chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, CFTR mutation, nutritional status, pulmonary function tests, inhaled antibiotic therapy. FOR CITATION: Makhmutova V.R., Gembitskaya T.E., Chermenskiy A.G. et al. Comparative characteristics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis in adults with chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):186–191. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-186-191.

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PEREIRA, R. H. V., R. S. LEÃO, A. P. CARVALHO-ASSEF, R. M. ALBANO, E. R. A. RODRIGUES, M. C. FIRMIDA, T. W. FOLESCU, M. C. PLOTKOWSKI, V. G. BERNARDO, and E. A. MARQUES. "Patterns of virulence factor expression and antimicrobial resistance in Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter ruhlandii isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 3 (November 22, 2016): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002624.

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SUMMARYAchromobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens increasingly recovered from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We report the characterization of 122 Achromobacter spp. isolates recovered from 39 CF patients by multilocus sequence typing, virulence traits, and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Two species, A. xylosoxidans (77%) and A. ruhlandii (23%) were identified. All isolates showed a similar biofilm formation ability, and a positive swimming phenotype. By contrast, 4·3% and 44·4% of A. xylosoxidans and A. ruhlandii, respectively, exhibited a negative swarming phenotype, making the swimming and swarming abilities of A. xylosoxidans significantly higher than those of A. ruhlandii. A. xylosoxidans isolates from an outbreak clone also exhibited significantly higher motility. Both species were generally susceptible to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and there was no significant difference in susceptibility between isolates from chronic or sporadic infection. However, A. xylosoxidans isolates from chronic and sporadic cases were significantly more resistant to imipenem and ceftazidime than isolates of the outbreak clone.

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Ridderberg, Winnie, Kurt Jensen Handberg, and Niels Nørskov-Lauritsen. "Prevalence of hypermutator isolates of Achromobacter spp. from cystic fibrosis patients." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 310, no. 2 (February 2020): 151393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151393.

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Shorttidge, Dee, S. J. Ryan Arends, Jennifer M. Streit, Mariana Castanheira, and Robert K. Flamm. "1620. Minocycline Activity Against Unusual Clinically Significant Gram-Negative Pathogens." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S802—S803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1800.

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Abstract Background Unusual non-glucose fermenting Gram-negative (NFGN) pathogens, including Burkholderia cepacia species complex, Achromobacter spp, Alcaligenes spp, Aeromonas spp, and other genera, can cause serious hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Some genera are inherently resistant to common drug classes and can acquire other resistance mechanisms, making them difficult to treat. In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility of NFGN isolates to minocycline (MIN). Isolates were collected as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program from 2014-2019. Methods From 2014-2019, unusual NFGN isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in 102 hospitals in 35 countries on 4 continents. Hospitals submitted 1 isolate per patient per infection episode that met local criteria for being the likely causative pathogen. Identification was performed by the submitting laboratory and confirmed by JMI Laboratories with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or other molecular methods as required. Isolates were tested for MIN susceptibility using the CLSI broth microdilution method at JMI Laboratories. All infection types were included in the susceptibility analysis. Results The most common infection from which the NFGN were isolated was pneumonia. The top 5 NFGN species were Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n=202), Burkholderia cepacia species complex (n=199), unspeciated Achromobacter (n=190), Aeromonas spp (n=127), including Aeromonas hydrophila (n=35), Chryseobacterium spp (n=59), and Alcaligenes faecalis (n=42). The % susceptible and MIC50/90 values of MIN for these species are shown in the table. Conclusion MIN had > 85% susceptible for the most frequently isolated unusual NFGN, including 92% susceptible for Achromobacter spp. and 85.9% for B. cepacia. These data suggest that MIN remains a useful treatment option for infections caused by unusual NFGN. Activities of MIN when tested against NFGN isolates Disclosures S. J. Ryan Arends, PhD, Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Jennifer M. Streit, BS, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Robert K. Flamm, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)

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Olaganathan, Rajee, and Jamila Patterson. "Decolorization of anthraquinone Vat Blue 4 by the free cells of an autochthonous bacterium, Bacillus subtilis." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 3225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.756.

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Uncontaminated soil, Vat Blue 4 contaminated soil and Vat Blue 4 effluent were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population and the bacterial density were found to be 19.3 × 104 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/gm, 5.5 × 104 CFU/gm and 1.1 × 104 CFU/ml respectively. Student's ‘t’ test analysis affirmed that significant variation prevailed between the three set of ‘t’ tests conducted (P<0.001 to 0.002). The heterotrophic bacterial population of dye contaminated soil comprised of 32.5% of Pseudomonas spp. followed by 27.5% of Bacillus spp., 15.0% of Aeromonas spp., 12.5% of Micrococcus spp. and 12.5% of Achromobacter spp. The optimum inoculums load, pH and temperature were found to be 5% (10 × 104 counts), 10 and 35°C respectively. Free cells of B. subtilis decolorized Vat Blue 4 up to 92.30% after 24 hours of treatment. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were reduced up to 50.00, 79.60 and 75.40% respectively.

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Neidhöfer, Claudio, Christina Berens, and Marijo Parčina. "An 18-Year Dataset on the Clinical Incidence and MICs to Antibiotics of Achromobacter spp. (Labeled Biochemically or by MAL-DI-TOF MS as A. xylosoxidans), Largely in Patient Groups Other than Those with CF." Antibiotics 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030311.

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Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically multidrug-resistant environmental microorganisms which are known to cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and sometimes chronic infections. The existing literature yields scarcely any larger datasets, especially with regard to the incidence in patient groups other than those with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. We present a retrospective analysis of 314 clinical and 130 screening isolates detected in our diagnostic unit between 2004 and 2021, combined with patients’ demographic and clinical information (ward type and length of hospitalization), and the results of routine diagnostic antibiotic MIC determination. We found the apparent increase in prevalence in our diagnostic unit, in which cystic fibrosis patients are an underrepresented group, in large part to be attributable to an overall increase in the number of samples and, more importantly, changes in the diagnostic setting, such as the introduction of rigorous screening for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens. We found these Achromobacter spp. to be most commonly detected in urine, stool, wounds and airway samples, and found the resistance rates to vary strongly between different sample types. Intestinal carriage is frequently not investigated, and its frequency is likely underestimated. Isolates resistant to meropenem can hardly be treated.

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Shaginyan, I. A., M. Yu Chernukha, L. R. Avetisyan, E. A. Siyanova, D. G. Kulyastova, O. S. Medvedeva, T. B. Priputnevich, et al. "Epidemiological Features of Chronic Lung Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 16, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-6-5-13.

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Relevance. Life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients mostly depends on the degree of respiratory system damage caused by opportunistic microorganisms, which is due to the fact that 90-95% of deaths of cystic fibrosis patients are caused by lung infections. Goal. To define epidemiologic characteristics of chronic lung infection caused by the most common agents (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia-like bacteria (Bcc) and Achromobacter spp.) using a novel chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients microbiological diagnosis algorithm. Materials and methods. Over a period of 7 years (2008-2016) 300 children with cystic fibrosis living in Moscow, Moscow region and several other regions of Russian Federation have been checked-up. 260 sputum samples from 100 adult patients, who were under care at the Pulmonology Research Institute, were studied. Sputum samples from children were taken before and after antibiotic therapy with intervals of 15-45 days and over 6 months. 30 of the children were also subjected to a microbiologic monitoring of the state of chronic infection in the period between 4 and 15 months. Sputum sample from adult patients were also taken before and after antibiotic therapy with intervals of 0, 15-45 days and over 6 months. Results. P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, H. influenzae and Burkholderia cepacia-like bacteria were confirmed to be the most common agents of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Children with cystic fibrosis over the years develop foci of chronic lung infection, mainly caused by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusions. Chronic lung infection can be caused by community-acquired or nosocomial S. aureus и P. aeruginosa. Chronic lung infection is a complex, dynamically changing disease which requires constant monitoring and is mainly caused by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Bcc bacteria and Achromobacter spp. As populations of the agents can be diverse, it is necessary to study all colonies with differing phenotypes (mucoid and non-mucoid variants, small colony variants, variants with different pigments) and to take samples of several colonies when testing antibiotic resistance. Bcc and Achromobacter spp. cannot be eradicated with antibiotics, thus the only effective measure against these bacteria can only be vaccination which requires developing a vaccine.

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Otaiku, Ayodele A., and Isyaku Alhaji. "Characterization of microbial species in the biodegradation of explosives, military shooting range, Kaduna, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2020.07.00226.

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Kachia military firing range since 1965 in situ characterization of microbes present in explosives contaminated soils was investigated. Bacteria gram stain morphological and biochemical characterization of the different microbial isolates. Bacterial DNA extracted from soil samples was achieved using the 16SrRNA is amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction with the following microbes (Lysini bacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumomia, Achromobacter spp and Arcobacter spp) was confirmed and results compared with the sequence obtained from the nucleotide database of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Fungal species isolates are: Rhizopus spp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Trametes versicolourand Phanorochate chrysoporium may adapted to metabolise the explosives and heavy metals contaminant xenobiotic by biodegradation. Percentage isolates occurrence: 75% Enterobacterspp (highest) and 33% Escherichia coli (lowest); 67% Aspergillus niger (highest); and 17% for Penicillium sppand Trametes versicolor (lowest) respectively. Microbial biodegradation of explosives is considered to be most favourable under co-metabolic conditions. Site study explosives treatment by bioremediation will requires bioaugmentation of isolated microbes for xenobiotic biodegradation. Explosives impacts on biodiversity was illuminated and treatments protocol

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Shadrina, V. V., V. D. Sherman, and E. G. Furman. "Effect of respiratory tract infections on the costs of cystic fibrosis therapy." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 3 (2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-3-40-46.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe progressive disease in which the control of respiratory infection determines the disease prognosis. Objective. To assess the impact of different respiratory tract infections on the costs of antibiotic therapy in children with CF, depending on their age. Patients and methods. Patients were divided into three groups (0–3 years, 4–10 years, and 11–18 years) for the costeffectiveness analysis; mean body weight was calculated for each group. Current regulatory documents were used to evaluate antibacterial therapy. The State Register of Medicines was used to calculate the costs of each drug. Results. We found that the highest costs were associated with inhaled antibiotics used for the eradication therapy in patients with P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp. infections (up to 1,152,000 RUB per year), chronic P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp. infections (up to 2,304,000 RUB per year), and infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex (up to 750,178 RUB per year). In case of intravenous antibiotics, the highest costs were associated with the treatment of infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex (up to 790,236 RUB per year). Conclusion. Patients with CF require regular microbiological monitoring to ensure timely detection of pathogenic microorganisms and respiratory tract infections. Early initiation of adequate antibacterial therapy in accordance with clinical guidelines is necessary to prevent chronic infections. Key words: antibacterial drugs, children, cystic fibrosis, therapy cost

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27

Voronina, O. L., M. S. Kunda, N. N. Ryzhova, E. I. Aksenova, A. N. Semenov, A. V. Lazareva, S. Yu Semykin, et al. "Diversity and hazard of respiratory infection of Achromobacter spp. in cystic fibrosis patients." Russian Pulmonology 25, no. 4 (January 1, 2015): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-4-389-402.

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Dupont, Chloé, Anne-Laure Michon, Estelle Jumas-Bilak, Niels Nørskov-Lauritsen, Raphaël Chiron, and Hélène Marchandin. "Intrapatient diversity of Achromobacter spp. involved in chronic colonization of Cystic Fibrosis airways." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 32 (June 2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.012.

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Chan, Hiu Tat, Heng Ku, Ying Ping Low, Steven Batinovic, Mwila Kabwe, Steve Petrovski, and Joseph Tucci. "Characterization of Novel Lytic Bacteriophages of Achromobacter marplantensis Isolated from a Pneumonia Patient." Viruses 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101138.

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Achromobacter spp. are becoming increasingly associated with lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). A. marplatensis, which is closely related to A. xylosoxidans, has been isolated from the lungs of CF patients and other human infections. This article describes the isolation, morphology and characterization of two lytic bacteriophages specific for an A. marplatensis strain isolated from a pneumonia patient. This host strain was the causal agent of hospital acquired pneumonia–the first clinical report of such an occurrence. Full genome sequencing revealed bacteriophage genomes ranging in size from 45901 to 46,328 bp. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the two bacteriophages AMA1 and AMA2 belonged to the Siphoviridae family. Host range analysis showed that their host range did not extend to A. xylosoxidans. The possibility exists for future testing of such bacteriophages in the control of Achromobacter infections such as those seen in CF and other infections of the lungs. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in this genus highlights the importance of seeking adjuncts and alternatives in CF and other lung infections.

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Avetisyan, L., M. Chernukha, E. Rusakova, E. Celikina, E. Siyanova, O. Medvedeva, N. Polyakov, et al. "P132 Microbiological monitoring of chronic lung infection with Achromobacter spp. in cystic fibrosis patients." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 21 (June 2022): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00464-7.

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Chernukha, M., L. Avetisyan, V. Zhukhovitsky, E. Rusakova, E. Burmistrov, A. Solovyev, E. Kondratieva, et al. "P128 Epidemiological significance of Achromobacter spp. chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 21 (June 2022): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00460-x.

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Veschetti, L., A. Sandri, R. Passarelli Mantovani, P. Melotti, G. Malerba, and M. M. Lleo. "P139 Hypermutation as an evolutionary mechanism for Achromobacter spp. in cystic fibrosis lung infection." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 19 (June 2020): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30474-4.

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Recio, R., P. Brañas, M. T. Martínez, F. Chaves, and M. A. Orellana. "Effect of respiratory Achromobacter spp. infection on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 67, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000763.

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Das, Sangeeta. "Fecal Microbiota of Rhinoceros Unicornis as a Reservoir of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria." Corpus Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Science (CJDVS) 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjdvs1049.

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The presence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) bacteria in wildlife indicates the possible role of wild animals as efficient AMR reservoirs and dispersers of resistant bacteria to the human, livestock and natural environments. The presence of AMR bacteria not only has serious public health consequences, but also threatens native wildlife populations. In this study, we investigate the occurrence and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal microbiota of Rhinoceros unicornis in Assam. Sixty two freshly voided dung samples of rhinoceros were collected from Kaziranga National Park of Assam in 2018. Fecal samples were tested for the presence of bacterial species and submitted to National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, National Research Centre on Equines, (NC-VTCC, NRCE) Hisar for identification. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was determined using the disk diffusion method and antibiotic resistance patterns were assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Overall, 24 isolates were identified that belonged to 19 different bacterial genera including Klebsiella spp., Achromobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alishewanella spp., Wautersiella spp., Moraxella spp., Inquilinus spp., Weeksella spp., Oligella spp., Myroides spp., Paracoccus spp., Ochrobactrum spp., Psychrobacter spp., Pannonibacter spp., Shewanella spp., Sphingobacterium spp., Sphingomonas spp. (4% each), Escherichia coli (8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%). Of the 24 isolates found in rhinoceros fecal samples tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 13 isolates showed resistant to three or more than three substance classes. Results indicate that overall, most of the bacterial species from R. unicornis were multi-drug-resistant, which may reflect not only several risk factors leading to the origin of AMR in wild animals but also wildlife as natural reservoir of resistant bacteria. Therefore, efforts must be initiated to monitor the occurrence of such AMR bacteria in wildlife and understand their potential effect on wildlife conservation and public health.

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Dwivedy, Abhisek, Bhavya Jha, Khundrakpam Herojit Singh, Mohammed Ahmad, Anam Ashraf, Deepak Kumar, and Bichitra Kumar Biswal. "Serendipitous crystallization and structure determination of bacterioferritin from Achromobacter." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 74, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x18009809.

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Bacterioferritins (Bfrs) are ferritin-like molecules with a hollow spherical 24-mer complex design that are unique to bacterial and archaeal species. They play a critical role in storing iron(III) within the complex at concentrations much higher than the feasible solubility limits of iron(III), thus maintaining iron homeostasis within cells. Here, the crystal structure of bacterioferritin from Achromobacter (Ach Bfr) that crystallized serendipitously during a crystallization attempt of an unrelated mycobacterial protein is reported at 1.95 Å resolution. Notably, Fe atoms were bound to the structure along with a porphyrin ring sandwiched between the subunits of a dimer. Furthermore, the dinuclear ferroxidase center of Ach Bfr has only a single iron bound, in contrast to the two Fe atoms in other Bfrs. The structure of Ach Bfr clearly demonstrates the substitution of a glutamate residue, which is involved in the interaction with the second Fe atom, by a threonine and the consequent absence of another Fe atom there. The iron at the dinuclear center has a tetravalent coordination, while a second iron with a hexavalent coordination was found within the porphyrin ring, generating a heme moiety. Achromobacter spp. are known opportunistic pathogens; this structure enhances the current understanding of their iron metabolism and regulation, and importantly will be useful in the design of small-molecule inhibitors against this protein through a structure-guided approach.

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Santos, Roberta Mendes dos, and Everlon Cid Rigobelo. "Selection of Saccharum spp. rhizobacteria with growth-promoting properties using PCA analysis." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2698.

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The search for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an ongoing need for the development of new bioinoculants for use in various crops, including sugarcane. Bacterial strains with various plant growth-promoting properties can contribute to sustainable agricultural production. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize and select sugarcane rhizobacteria from six different varieties through principal components analysis. This study selected 167 bacterial strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, produce indolacetic acid, exhibit cellulolytic activity, and solubilize phosphate and potassium were isolated. Of these 167 bacterial strains, seven were selected by principal component analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Achromobacter. Bacillus thuringiensis IP21 presented higher potential for nitrogen fixation and CaPO4 and AlPO4 solubilization and a lower potential for K solubilization in sugarcane. Enterobacter asburiae IP24 was efficient in indolacetic acid production and CaPO4 and FePO4 solubilization and inefficient for Araxá apatite solubilization.

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Blanchard, Ana C., and Valerie J. Waters. "Opportunistic Pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Lung Infection." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 11, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2022): S3—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac052.

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Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-shortening genetic diseases in Caucasians. Due to abnormal accumulation of mucus, respiratory failure caused by chronic infections is the leading cause of mortality in this patient population. The microbiology of these respiratory infections includes a distinct set of opportunistic pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia spp., Achromobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, anaerobes, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and fungi. In recent years, culture-independent methods have shown the polymicrobial nature of lung infections, and the dynamics of microbial communities. The unique environment of the CF airway predisposes to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we will highlight how the epidemiology and role in disease of these pathogens in CF differ from that in individuals with other medical conditions. Infectious diseases (ID) physicians should be aware of these differences and the specific characteristics of infections associated with CF.

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Sunman, Birce, Nagehan Emiralioglu, Gülsen Hazirolan, Dilber Ademhan Tural, Beste Ozsezen, Halime Nayir Buyuksahin, Ismail Guzelkas, et al. "Impact of Achromobacter spp. isolation on clinical outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis." Pediatric Pulmonology 57, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25793.

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Nascimento, Francisco X., Bernard R. Glick, and Márcio J. Rossi. "Multiple plant hormone catabolism activities: an adaptation to a plant‐associated lifestyle by Achromobacter spp." Environmental Microbiology Reports 13, no. 4 (July 2021): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12987.

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Uhlik, Ondrej, Katerina Jecna, Martina Mackova, Cestmir Vlcek, Miluse Hroudova, Katerina Demnerova, Vaclav Paces, and Tomas Macek. "Biphenyl-Metabolizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Horseradish and Bulk Soil Contaminated by Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Revealed by Stable Isotope Probing." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 20 (August 21, 2009): 6471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00466-09.

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ABSTRACT DNA-based stable isotope probing in combination with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was used in order to identify members of the microbial community that metabolize biphenyl in the rhizosphere of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) cultivated in soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compared to members of the microbial community in initial, uncultivated bulk soil. On the basis of early and recurrent detection of their 16S rRNA genes in clone libraries constructed from [13C]DNA, Hydrogenophaga spp. appeared to dominate biphenyl catabolism in the horseradish rhizosphere soil, whereas Paenibacillus spp. were the predominant biphenyl-utilizing bacteria in the initial bulk soil. Other bacteria found to derive carbon from biphenyl in this nutrient-amended microcosm-based study belonged mostly to the class Betaproteobacteria and were identified as Achromobacter spp., Variovorax spp., Methylovorus spp., or Methylophilus spp. Some bacteria that were unclassified at the genus level were also detected, and these bacteria may be members of undescribed genera. The deduced amino acid sequences of the biphenyl dioxygenase α subunits (BphA) from bacteria that incorporated [13C]into DNA in 3-day incubations of the soils with [13C]biphenyl are almost identical to that of Pseudomonas alcaligenes B-357. This suggests that the spectrum of the PCB congeners that can be degraded by these enzymes may be similar to that of strain B-357. These results demonstrate that altering the soil environment can result in the participation of different bacteria in the metabolism of biphenyl.

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41

Dean, Courtney, Yeyuan Xiao, and Deborah J. Roberts. "Enriching acid rock drainage related microbial communities from surface-deposited oil sands tailings." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 10 (October 2016): 870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0137.

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Little is known about the microbial communities native to surface-deposited pyritic oil sands tailings, an environment where acid rock drainage (ARD) could occur. The goal of this study was to enrich sulfur-oxidizing organisms from these tailings and determine whether different populations exist at pH levels 7, 4.5, and 2.5. Using growth-based methods provides model organisms for use in the future to predict potential activities and limitations of these organisms and to develop possible control methods. Thiosulfate-fed enrichment cultures were monitored for approximately 1 year. The results showed that the enrichments at pH 4.5 and 7 were established quicker than at pH 2.5. Different microbial community structures were found among the 3 pH environments. The sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms identified were most closely related to Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, Achromobacter spp., and Curtobacterium spp. While microorganisms related to Chitinophagaceae and Acidocella spp. were identified as the only possible iron-oxidizing and -reducing microbes. These results contribute to the general knowledge of the relatively understudied microbial communities that exist in pyritic oil sands tailings and indicate these communities may have a potential role in ARD generation, which may have implications for future tailings management.

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42

Shadrina, V. V., E. G. Furman, M. A. Starinova, A. Yu Voronkova, V. D. Sherman, E. K. Zhekaite, and E. I. Kondratyeva. "Influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on lung function in children and adolescents with cysistic fibriosis with genetic variant F508DEL in homozygous state." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council 16, no. 18 (October 15, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-18-64-73.

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Introduction. In cystic fibrosis (CF), a thick secret with pathogenic microflora in the respiratory tract and other factors lead to a decrease in lung function, repeated hospitalizations and a decrease in the quality of life of patients.Aim. To evaluate the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on lung function in children and adolescents with CF with the F508del variant in the homozygous state.Materials and methods. Spirometry parameters were analyzed in 379 patients with the F508del variant in the homozygous state at the age of 6–18 years according to the National Register of CF Patients 2019.Results. In children with CF at the age of 6–10 years, FEV1 and FVC were significantly higher than in children aged 11–14 and 15–18 years. P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp. infection had a negative effect on lung function. A weak correlation was found between nutritional status and respiratory function (for FEV1 r = 0.229; p <0.001; for FVC r = 0.206; p <0.001). In the Southern, Urals, and North Caucasian federal districts of the Russian Federation, the parameters of respiratory function in patients were significantly lower than in the Central Federal District.Conclusions. For a group of patients, carriers of the F508del genotype in the homozygous state, factors that negatively affect respiratory function were identified: adolescence, low nutritional status, respiratory tract infections P. aeruginosa, Achromobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia complex, liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and features of organizational assistance to patients. Some factors are correctable in the organization of preventive measures, which can have a positive impact on reducing the rate of damage to the bronchopulmonary system. Regular monitoring and timely correction of nutritional status, monitoring of respiratory tract infections, their prevention and timely completion of eradication therapy courses are required. Adolescent patients require special attention.

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Drapeau, M., Z. Zysman-Colman, A. Lavoie, A. Blanchard, and E. Vallieres. "447: Investigating the clinical impact of chronic Achromobacter spp. infection in cystic fibrosis: A cohort study." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 20 (November 2021): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01871-3.

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Sunman, B., N. Emiralioĝlu, G. Hazırolan, D. A. Tural, B. Özsezen, H. Nayir Büyükşahin, İ. Güzelkaş, et al. "P125 Impact of infection with Achromobacter spp. on clinical outcome in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 20 (2021): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01151-6.

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45

Almuzara, Marisa, Adriana Limansky, Viviana Ballerini, Laura Galanternik, Angela Famiglietti, and Carlos Vay. "In vitro susceptibility of Achromobacter spp. isolates: comparison of disk diffusion, Etest and agar dilution methods." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.08.015.

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46

Carstens, Alewyn, Catheleen Bartie, Rainier Dennis, and Carlos Bezuidenhout. "Antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic plate count bacteria and amoeba-resistant bacteria in aquifers of the Mooi River, North West province, South Africa." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 4 (April 25, 2014): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.226.

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Groundwater in the Mooi River catchment is prone to mining, agricultural, municipal and septic tank pollution. In this study physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were determined using appropriate methods. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing (heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria and amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB)) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Escherichia coli). Antibiotic resistance tests were also performed. Physico-chemical parameters were generally within target water quality ranges for drinking water. HPC bacteria ranged between 105 and 107 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. E. coli were enumerated from Trimpark, School and Cemetery. The Blaauwbank borehole was negative for faecal streptococci. Pseudomonas spp. were most abundant in the bulk water. Opportunistic pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Bacillus cereus and Mycobacterium spp. Varying patterns of antibiotic resistance were observed. Most HPC bacterial isolates were resistant to cephalothin and/or amoxicillin and a few were resistant to erythromycin and streptomycin. Pseudomonas spp. was also the most abundant ARB. Other ARBs included Alcaligenes faecalis, Ochrobactrum sp. and Achromobacter sp. ARBs were resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, and/or amoxicillin compared to HPCs. The presence of E. coli and ARB in these groundwater sources indicates potential human health risks. These risks should be further investigated and quantified, and groundwater should be treated before use.

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OKŁA, HUBERT, MALWINA SOSNOWSKA, KRZYSZTOF P. JASIK, JAN SŁODKI, and ROBERT D. WOJTYCZKA. "Nonspecific Bacterial Flora Isolated from the Body Surface and Inside Ixodes ricinus Ticks." Polish Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 3 (2012): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2012-026.

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Ixodes ricinus and other representatives of the order Ixodida are vectors of typical pathogens: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilium, Babesia spp., a tick-borne encephalitis virus, and other microorganisms which are important from a medical and veterinary point of view. The presented study focuses on the verification of nonspecific bacterial flora of I. ricinus. We analyzed ticks collected in a forest region in Silesia, an industrial district in Poland. Methods of classical microbiology and biochemical assays (API 20 NE test, API Staph test and MICRONAUT System) were used for isolation and identification of microorganisms living on the body surface of I. ricinus and inside ticks. The results show the presence of various bacteria on the surface and inside ticks' bodies. During the study, we isolated Acinetobacter lwoffi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Achromobacter denitrificans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Micrococcus spp., Kocuria varians, Staphylococcus lentus, Kocuria kristinae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Staphylococcus xylosus. Majority of the isolated species are non-pathogenic environmental microorganisms, but some of the isolated bacterial strains could cause severe infections.

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Bhutada, S. A., and S. B. Dahikar. "Evaluation of removal of heavy metals by microorganisms isolated from industrial effluents." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 3 (June 10, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i3.85.

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At present various microorganisms are used for bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and water bodies. The aim of present work was to isolate the potential heavy metal degrading organisms and to apply for bioremediation of heavy metals from the domestic as well as industrial waste. The study involves the isolation of the bacterial species residing the natural habitat of such environments and screening of these isolates to degrade different heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn up to the concentration 2000 ppm. There were six bacterial potential isolates found namely Pseudomonas spp., (3), Achromobacter spp., Uncultured Microbacterium spp., and Exigoubacterium spp., which showing the growth up to the concentration of 2000 ppm. The potency of the six potential isolates was determined by using the conventional plate count technique. The percentage removal of analyzed by the use of ICP-AES technique. The study shows isolation of the species which can remove heavy metal up to 60%. It was also found that the increase in the incubation time causes more reduction in the heavy metal concentration. The mutational analysis of the isolates for the strain improvement process shows that the Exigoubacterium species can grow at 3000 ppm heavy metal concentration and showed 60% reduction in heavy metal. This highly potential species can be used for the removal of different heavy metals which is also a viable, eco friendly and cost effective technology for cleanup of the environment.

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Pathak, Puneet, Varun Kumar, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and Chhavi Sharma. "Slime control in paper mill using biological agents as biocides." Physical Sciences Reviews 6, no. 6 (April 30, 2021): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0049.

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Abstract The environmental conditions of paper mills are suitable for the growth of slime-forming microorganisms due to the supply of nutrients, favorable temperature, and moisture. The slime formation causes the spoilage of raw materials & additives, breaks in the paper during papermaking, loss of production, reduces the hygienic quality of the end products, produces off-spec and rejected products, creates microbiological corrosion, and produces harmful gases. The main microorganisms are Bacteria (mainly Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium, etc.), Fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, etc.), and Algae. Besides the use of conventional toxic chemical biocides or slimicides, slime formation can also be controlled in an eco-friendly way using enzymes, bacteriophages, biodispersants, and biocontrol agents alone or along with biocides to remove the slime. Enzymes have shown their effectiveness over conventional chemicals due to nontoxic and biodegradable nature to provide clean and sustainable technology. Globally enzymes are being used at some of the paper mills and many enzymatic products are presently being prepared and under the trail at laboratory scale. The specificity of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate is the main drawback of controlling the mixed population of microorganisms present in slime. The enzyme has the potential to provide the chemical biocide-free solution as a useful alternative in the future with the development of new technologies. Microorganisms control in the paper mill may appear as a costly offer but the cost of uncontrolled microbial growth can be much higher leading to slime production and large economic drain.

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Simonova, Olga I., O. L. Voronina, Yu V. Gorinova, E. L. Amelina, N. I. Burkina, A. V. Lazareva, M. S. Kunda, N. N. Ryzhova, and V. P. Chernevich. "Features of the treatment of the cystic fibrosis patient with mixed microbial respiratory infection, including Pandoraea Pnomenusa." Russian Pediatric Journal 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2016-19-2-113-122.

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Respiratory tract infection is a major cause of complications and death in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Transmissible strains of Gram-negative non-fermenting Burkholderiales bacteria: Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter spp, Pandoraea spp. are quite alarming. In the paperfirstly there is presented a clinical case with mixed microbial infection of the CF patient with involvement of Pandoraea pnomenusa. There are reportedfeatures of diagnosis and treatment of a patient throughout 20 years, described the data of the examination of the patient and his airway microbiota. Timely identification of P. pnomenusa with the use of mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF and the molecular genetic techniques was shown to contribute to the isolation of the patient in the hospital, his transfer to the inpatient substitution therapy, that prevented the cross-infection of other CF patients. Permanent microbiological control revealed an increase of the antibiotic resistance of P. pnomenusa. The congruence of the antibiotic therapy with resistome of all identified microorganisms has allowed to develop an effective treatment schedule, which promoted to the elimination of P. aeruginosa and P. pnomenusa in the sputum of CF patients to minor amounts and preservation of this balance of microorganisms in the next six months.

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