Статті в журналах: "Acces to benefits"

1

Laoudias, Christos, Artyom Nikitin, Panagiotis Karras, Moustafa Youssef, and Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti. "Indoor Quality-of-position Visual Assessment Using Crowdsourced Fingerprint Maps." ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems 7, no. 2 (February 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3433026.

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Internet-based Indoor Navigation (IIN) architectures organize signals collected by crowdsourcers in Fingerprint Maps (FMs) to improve localization given that satellite-based technologies do not operate accurately in indoor spaces where people spend 80%–90% of their time. In this article, we study the Quality-of-Position (QoP) assessment problem, which aims to assess in an offline manner the localization accuracy that can be obtained by a user that aims to localize using a FM. Particularly, our proposed ACCES framework uses a generic interpolation method using Gaussian Processes (GP), upon which a navigability score at any location is derived using the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). We derive adaptations of ACCES for both Magnetic and Wi-Fi data and implement a complete visual assessment environment, which has been incorporated in the Anyplace open-source IIN. Our experimental evaluation of ACCES in Anyplace suggests the high qualitative and quantitative benefits of our propositions.

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Stere, Șerban, Eugen Roşca, Mircea Roşca, and Florin Ruscă. "Reorganizing Students Acces in University Politehnica of Bucharest Campus and Influences on Car Traffic Externalities." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2022-0015.

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Abstract Transport activities are regarded as one of the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Even though in other economic sectors the trend is to reduce the greenhouse emissions, the transportation field has been facing a continuous growth with negative effects on the environment. Due to its harmful potential for the inhabitants of large urban areas, a special attention is required as the land use individualities, transport network features and both spatial and temporal distribution of human activities often leads to traffic congestion. Universities represent an important pole of attraction because of their role as centers of teaching, research and employment and the mobility generated by them must be taken into account. This research aimed to both develop an analysis of greenhouse emissions in urban congested areas and present the influence of a new pedestrian bridge between University Politehnica of Bucharest campus and student dormitories. An economic analysis is conducted to emphasize that the new construction will lead to benefits in terms of the reduction of travel time, vehicle operating costs, the level of greenhouse gas emissions, etc.

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Apriyanti, Hani Werdi, and Judi Budiman. "Financial Access Improvement For MSME “ Herbal Medicnine Cluster” Through Financial Reporting Assistance." ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v5i1.1734.

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Financial access is needed by busines, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Financial access is able to provide certainty regarding the adequacy of funding for MSMEs. There are several factors that affect financial acces. One of them is the existence of financial information from financial report which relfect the business activities. Financial institutions will usually require the financial report in determining funding decisions. Financial report is a tool that can provide information about the company's performance, as well as information related to the company's cash flow. Financial reports is needed for prospective creditors to get an overview of business activities during one reporting period, and business prospects in the future. Financial report can provide information needed by prospective creditors as a basis for consideration in funding decisions. Not all micro, small and medium enterprises have the ability to prepare financial reports. Business actors who are members of the MSME group have the same problem, namely not being able to compile financial reports. This condition can hinder business actors from accessing finance. Business actors will find it difficult to get access to the capital needed for business development. Therefore, training and assistance programs in the preparation of financial reports are needed for business actors. This program aims to provide an understanding related to the importance of financial statements, the benefits of financial statements for businesses, and to train the ability of business actors in preparing financial reports.

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Setiyo Permadi, Gilang, Bustami Rahman, and Iskandar Zulkarnain. "The Power of Exclusion Indigenous People Mapur Bangka." Social Science Studies 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/sss31.5482023.

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The closed access to land for the community is an interesting problem to study, because land is a resource that provides benefits for life. The closed access to land is felt by the Mapur Indigenous People who have a constellation of customary forests, the inability to gain access is interpreted as exclusion. Exclusion does not occur randomly, but is shaped by the interaction of power. This research is to analyze the process of exclusion of the Mapur Indigenous People and describe the implications of exclusion for the lives of the Mapur Indigenous People. The case study method is used because of the uniqueness of the cases and their research subjects which are unique and different from other subjects. Collecting data using observation interviews, documentation, and archival records. The results of this study indicate that ini the process of exclusion, it was initiated by the tin case through the deregulation of the tin trading system which made changes to the pattern of life of the Mapur Indigenous People to become modern, with the expansion of oil palm, the Mapur Indigenous People could no longer freely acces tin because land did not exist, also with agriculture. From the process of exclusion, there are forces that work to shape exclusion, namely the market, regulation, coercion, and legitimacy. The implications of this exclusion are loss of land caused by incoming corporations, uprooting of their identity because they feel unappreciated, and conflicts between close relatives or conflicts from within which damage the family structure and interactions between them.

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Willett, Chris, and Andrea Fejos. "Consumer Access to Justice: The Role of the ADR Directive and the Member States." European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 1 (February 1, 2016): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016003.

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Abstract: This article takes it to be vital to decide whether the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Directive provides a version of access to justice that is suitably sensitive to the consumer market. The Directive is deficient in this regard, at least to the extent that it does not make ADR processes mandatory or binding for businesses. Nevertheless, if Member States choose mandatory and binding processes, this may be compatible with the fundamental right to judicial protection, if emphasis is placed on efficiency benefits. If they choose voluntary processes/non-binding decisions, success will depend partly on incentives, sanctions, and monitoring at EU and Member State levels. Résumé: Cet article juge primordial d’evaluer si la directive est a meme d’offrir un acces a la justice qui soit adapte aux particularites des consommateurs. A cet egard, la directive s’avere lacunaire, au moins dans la mesure ou elle ne rend pas la procedure REL (reglement extrajudiciaire des litiges) obligatoire ou contraignante pour les professionnels. Cependant,le choix par les Etats membres d’une procedure obligatoire et contraignante pourrait etre compatible avec le droit fondamental a la protection juridictionnelle, si l’accent est mis sur les avantages de l’efficacité. Si les Etats membres optent pour une procedure volontaire ou des decisions non contraignantes, le succes du systeme dependra en partie des incitations, des sanctions ainsi que du controle au niveau tant de l’UE que des Etats membres.

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Sontiva, Nessa, Laili Rahayuwati, and Mamat Lukman. "Persepsi Siswi SMAN Tanjungsari Terhadap Pencegahan Primer Penyakit Kanker Serviks." Jurnal Keperawatan 'Aisyiyah 6, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33867/jka.v6i1.118.

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Cervical cancer was a disease that happen in many women. Prevalence of cervical cancer was high. Therefore, it is necessary to prevalence of cervical cancer. However, the cervical cancer prevention behavior was still low. One of the factors which affected it was the perception of primary prevention of cervical cancer. Early sexual intercourse behavior was one of the risk factors of cervical cancer, especially in teen age. This study aimed to determine the perception of senior high school woman about the primary prevention of cervical cancer disease. This research was a quantitative descriptive study. Using the stratified random sampling technique. This research was conducted at Tanjungsari senior higth school female. This stud involved 216 female student at that school. The data were collected using a questionnaire with Likert scale. The questionnaire contents included perceptions susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers. The instrument validity was 0,367 â€“ 0,717 and the reliability was 0,811. The results showed that SMAN Tanjungsari students mostly had negative perception about susceptibility of cervical cancer (94,9%), positive perception toward cervical cancer seriousness (94%), positive perception toward primary prevention benefit of cervical cancer (98,6% ), and positive perceptions of primary prevention barrier of cervical cancer (96.8%). The conclusion of this research was the majority of student of SMAN Tanjungsari have positive perception toward primari prevention of cervical cancer disease. Based on these results, health services and educational institutions might develop establish a program o cervical cancer prevention that eas to acces by all student. So it will be a supporting factor for high school female to make efforts to prevent cervical cancer.

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Fauziah, Riana Damayanti. "PERAN YAYASAN TENDAVISI INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI KRISIS AIR MELALUI PROGRAM WAKAF SUMUR DI KAMPUNG SITUSIPATAHUNAN DESA BALEENDAH." Comm-Edu (Community Education Journal) 4, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/comm-edu.v4i2.6437.

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The background of the research is about phenomenon of situsipatahunan village. People around the situsipatahunan are continuining to suffer from acces poor to water and hygiene. The purpose of research is : (1) To find out the process of well waqf program. (2) To find out the relationship between the well waqf program with the community empowerment process. The type of research is descriptive field research by using qualitative approach. Then the techniques to collect data in research uses interview, observation, and documentation. The research location is in the kampung situsipatahunan rt/rt 03/05 desa Baleendah, kec. Baleendah - kab. Bandung and the subject research are the management of the foundation as a responsible person of well waqf program and the communities who resceive the benefits off well waqf as many as fourty families around the construction of well waqf. Based on the result the activity of well waqf program goes well. The program is carried out by means of sites surveys activities, fundraising and the well waqf execution. The relationship between well waqf and community empowerment is the use off well waqf to increase the economic level of people in Situsipatahunan village.

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Listiyawan, Drajad, Yusman Syaukat, and A. Faroby Falatehan. "Pola Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Melalui Program Pinjaman Tunda Tebang di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Forum Agribisnis 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.12.1.60-75.

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Private Forest is the forest located outside forest area and growing on land that is encumbered with land rights. Private forest have important role need to be maintained to support benefits for economic, social and ecological aspects. In addition to provide financial benefits, private forest have environmental services potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2). To strengthen business capital forestry in order rehabilitation of forest and land, the government form public services center for financing forest development (BLU Pusat P2H), Ministry of Environments and Forestry. This research aims to evaluate delaying timber harvesting loan in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021. Sampling by 182 respondents which consist of debitor farmers and non debitor farmers in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research results show that the average income level of debitor farmers greater than the average income non debitor farmers. Private forest management activities are still done traditionally and simply. The level of financial feasibility was calculated by Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) on the loan interest rate 7,5%. The study showed that R/C Ratio 1,79. Total population density in debitor farmers private forest was 19.561 tree was carbon stock trees contain 11.345,38 ton CO2, non debitor farmers forest was 13.003 tree was carbon stock trees contain 7.541,74 ton CO2. Evaluation with likert scale show that the implementing delaying timber harvesting loan in Wonogiri Regency about 72,442% it is mean good category. The results of the analysis showed that the process of service this loan has a weakness in long terms of the time period of submission and distribution of funds showed that the process of the submission of credit proposals debitor reached the stage of distribution of fund need range time six months then required increased acces services loan quickly .

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9

Kania, Dede. "BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA CIMAHI TAHUN 2016." Asy-Syari'ah 20, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/as.v20i2.3079.

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AbstractLegal assistance is a constitutional right of every citizen that is non-derogable rights as an effort to fulfil access to justice and equality before the law, especially for the poor and who doesn’t understand law. The implementation of legal assistance in the Cimahi Religious Court are not optimum due to lack of information, the presence of individuals who seeks personal benefits, and a common sense of high cost advocate services. This study is aimed to determine the implementation of legal assistance for the poor in the Cimahi Religious Court along with its supporting factors. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive analytical method and an empirical juridical approach. The utilized data are primary and secondary data. Data collection is done by interview techniques and literature studies. The implementation of legal assistance in the Cimahi Religious Court is still not effective due to legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities, community factors and cultural factors. The inhibiting factor in legal assistance is a lack of socialization, difficult access for the community, and a culture in apparatus seeking personal gain. Supporting factors in legal assistance include good relations between legal aid agencies, increased awareness of the Village apparatus and KUA, and the existence of Cimahi Religious Court Website.Keywords:legal assistance, equality before the law, poor society. AbstrakBantuan hukum merupakan hak konstitusional setiap warga negara yang bersifat non derogable rights sebagai upaya mewujudkan Acces to Justice dan Equality Before The Law terutama untuk masyarakat miskin dan buta hukum. Fenomena yang terjadi di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi masih kurangnya informasi bantuan hukum, adanya oknum yang mencari keuntungan pribadi, dan anggapan mahalnya jasa advokat membuat pelaksanaan bantuan hukum belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi beserta faktor penghambat dan penunjangnya. Penelitian menggunkn penelitian kualitatif dengan metode Deskriptif Analitis dn pendekatan Yuridis Empiris. Data yang digunakan adalah data Primer dan Sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan studi pustaka. Pelaksanaan bantuan hukum di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi masih belum efektif karena faktor hukum, faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana, faktor masyarakat dan faktor budaya. Faktor penghambat dalam bantuan hukum adalah kurangnya sosialisasi, akses masyarakat yang masih sulit, dan ada budaya di aparat yang mencari keuntungan pribadi. Faktor penunjang dalam bantuan hukum diantaranya adanya hubungan baik antar lembaga pemberi bantuan hukum, meningkatnya kesadaran perangkat Desa, KUA dan ada Website Pengadilan Agama Cimahi.Kata Kunci :Bantuan Hukum, Equality Before The Law, Masyarakat Miskin

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Andrés, Luis, Bertha Briceño, Claire Chase, and Juan A. Echenique. "Sanitation and externalities: evidence from early childhood health in rural India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 2 (March 18, 2017): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.143.

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This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access: a direct benefit households receive when they have access to sanitation infrastructure, and an external benefit produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. Using a sample of children under age four from rural areas of India in the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007–08, the study demonstrates evidence of positive direct benefits and a concave positive externality for improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. The paper finds that a child who moves from a household without improved sanitation and a low ratio of village access to a household with improved sanitation and a high ratio of village access enjoys a reduction in diarrhea prevalence of 47 percent. From this, one-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit, leaving the rest to external gains. These results hold under several robustness checks.

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Palmeira, Poliana de Araújo, Juliana Bem-Lignani, and Rosana Salles-Costa. "Access to governmental programs/benefits and food insecurity in urban and rural areas of Northeast Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 7 (2022): 2583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.21592021en.

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Abstract This paper analyzes food insecurity (FI) in urban and rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil associated with certain social determinants and access to governmental benefits/programs. Data about FI from the National Household Budget Survey (2017-2018) were analyzed, including socio-economic variables and access to government benefits/programs of supplemental income (Bolsa Família, Ongoing transfer benefits, Food voucher and Food basket). Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between FI and access to government programs/benefits. Half of the families in the Northeast were classified as being subject to FI, the prevalence and severity being higher in rural households. The composition of the family, with at least one retired individual, significantly reduced the probability of being FI at all levels of severity. Access to the Food basket (in cash) benefit and Bolsa Família was associated with being a factor of protection against severe FI in rural areas, while in urban areas the food voucher benefit was the main factor of protection. Income transfer programs and access to social benefits contribute to combatting FI, highlighting the importance of maintaining and scaling-up these initiatives for vulnerable populations.

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12

Fincham, Jack. "The Benefits of Database Access." Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology 4, no. 2 (March 25, 1996): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j055v04n02_01.

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13

Luce, Dena L. "Public Knowledge: Access and Benefits." Journal of Web Librarianship 11, no. 3-4 (July 18, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2017.1338063.

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Sheidlower, Scott. "Public Knowledge: Access and Benefits." Public Services Quarterly 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2016.1231497.

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15

Cheng, Lili, Ping Yu, and Na Yao. "Research on Access and Benefit-Sharing Regimes for Agricultural Genetic Resources in India." Scientific and Social Research 5, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v5i12.5856.

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India is one of the richest providers of genetic resources in the world and it advocates that the sovereignty of genetic resources belongs to the state to realize the equitable sharing of the benefits of genetic resources. The study shows that India has built a relatively complete legal system for access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. This system revolves around three major laws and regulations, with clear management regulations for domestic and foreign access to genetic resources, a definite form and proportion of benefit-sharing, and a clear management method for the distribution of benefits after acquisition. India’s achievements in institutional construction can act as a great reference for the management of access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing in China.

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Stephens, Robert. "Horizontal Equity for Disabled People: Incapacity from Accident or Illness." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v35i4.5720.

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The current dual system of benefit provision and service delivery for disabled people has led to substantial horizontal inequities between those on the ACC register and those receiving income tested social security benefits. Whilst there are often distinct differences in the nature of the clientele between these groups, they often have similar requirements, but can receive quite different treatment. The Disability Strategy offers the prospect that a more unified system will be developed, initially in terms of service provision, especially rehabilitation and access to health care. The move to a combined benefit structure raises issues about the fundamental nature of social security, though equality of access to second and third tier benefits should minimise the degree of conflict between earnings related and flatrate benefits. From the perspective of disabled people, the major issue is access to nonincome support, ranging from access to equipment to health care, education and employment.

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17

STRANDH, MATTIAS. "State Intervention and Mental Well-being Among the Unemployed." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006176.

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Although the relationship between unemployment and poor mental well-being has long been an area of interest within behavioural science, the role of state intervention in the unemployment situation has not been thoroughly investigated. This article investigates how unemployment benefit systems and active labour market policy measures affect mental well-being among the unemployed in Sweden. The study uses a longitudinal and nationally representative survey of 3,500 unemployed Swedes. Three different types of active labour market policy measures involving the unemployed were studied, ‘activation’, ‘vocational training’ and ‘work-place participation’ measures. Of these only involvement in ‘workplace participation’ was found to have a clearly positive effect on mental well-being among those participating. Of the two Swedish unemployment benefit systems, the more generous income replacement Unemployment Benefits and the less generous flat rate Cash Unemployment Benefits, only access to income replacement Unemployment Benefits was found to mediate the mental well-being impact of unemployment. The positive effect of access to income replacement Unemployment Benefits was further accentuated when unemployment was prolonged. Those with access to this benefit system seemed to suffer no further deterioration of mental well-being, while the mental well-being of the rest of the unemployed further deteriorated.

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Palmeira, Poliana de Araújo, Juliana Bem-Lignani, and Rosana Salles-Costa. "Acesso aos benefícios e programas governamentais e insegurança alimentar nas áreas rurais e urbanas do Nordeste brasileiro." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 7 (2022): 2583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.21592021.

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Resumo O trabalho analisa a insegurança alimentar (IA) nas áreas urbana e rural da região Nordeste do Brasil e sua associação com fatores sociais e o acesso a benefícios/programas governamentais. Foram avaliados dados sobre IA da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2017-2018), considerando variáveis socioeconômicas e o acesso a benefícios/programas governamentais de transferência de renda (Bolsa Família, Benefício de Prestação Continuada, Cartão Alimentação e Cesta de Alimentos). Modelos de regressão logística multinomial tendo IA como desfecho foram utilizados para avaliar a relação com os programas governamentais. Metade das famílias se encontrava em IA, sendo maior a prevalência e gravidade nos domicílios rurais. A composição da família por ao menos um indivíduo aposentado reduziu significativamente a probabilidade de ocorrência dos níveis mais severos da IA. O acesso à Cesta de Alimentos (em dinheiro) e ao Bolsa Família associou-se como fator de proteção para a IA grave na área rural; na área urbana, o benefício Cartão Alimentação foi o principal fator de proteção. Programas de transferência de renda e o acesso a benefícios sociais contribuíram para o enfrentamento da IA, destacando a relevância da manutenção e ampliação dessas iniciativas para populações vulnerabilizadas.

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ANDERSON, Rick. "Open access - clear benefits, hidden costs." Learned Publishing 20, no. 2 (April 2007): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1087/174148507x183542.

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20

Soloway, H. B. "Establishing a direct laboratory access program." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.5.809.

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Abstract Direct Laboratory Access (DLA) refers to a program whereby individuals who wish to have laboratory testing performed can avail themselves of such testing independently of a physician referral. DLA benefits both physicians and consumers. Physicians benefit by not having to invest time and office resources for consumers who do not seek medical intervention but rather who visit physicians for the sole purpose of obtaining permission to have laboratory tests performed. Consumers benefit by avoiding physician encounters they do not want, by receiving state-of-the-art laboratory testing they do want, and by avoiding the added expense and inconvenience of a physician office visit. DLA appeals to an anxious, educated, and somewhat affluent niche market. The program fills a void in the provision of health services while providing a small stream of revenue for laboratories.

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Muyldermans, Dominic, and Frank Michiels. "The critical role of governments in benefit sharing." Open Access Government 42, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-042-10775.

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The critical role of governments in benefit sharing Dominic Muyldermans and Frank Michiels outline the key role governments can play in making a new multilateral mechanism for benefit sharing a success. The fair and equitable sharing of benefits from using biodiversity is one of the key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992). (1) In 2010, a supplementary agreement to the CBD was adopted, the ‘Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing’, (2) which aimed to establish more concrete guidelines for access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits. Due to a continued lack of meaningful benefit sharing and the shifting nature of biological research and innovation, moving away from access to physical genetic resources towards DNA sequences accessed in public, open-access databases or generated on the computer, there have been increasing calls for benefit sharing from the use of ‘Digital Sequence Information’ (DSI). As a result, at COP15 at the end of 2022, the Parties decided to establish, as part of the Kunming- Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, (3) a multilateral mechanism for benefit-sharing from the use of DSI, including a global fund. (4) How this mechanism will function and be implemented has yet to be determined. This article aims to emphasise the key role governments can play in making this new mechanism a success.

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Wyss, Markus, and Dominic Muyldermans. "Biodiversity COP15 - A stepping stone towards effective access and benefit sharing." Open Access Government 38, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-038-10746.

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Biodiversity COP15 - A stepping stone towards effective access and benefit sharing Here, Dominic Muyldermans and Markus Wyss explore the opportunities and challenges on the journey towards effective access and benefit sharing across the globe. The objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992 are the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The CBD recognizes that countries have sovereign rights over their genetic resources and already included the principles of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). These ABS principles have been further operationalized in the Nagoya Protocol, which entered into force in 2014.

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Jackson, Margot I., and Ester Fanelli. "Who Uses the Social Safety Net? Trends in Public Benefit Use among American Households with Children, 1980–2020." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 706, no. 1 (March 2023): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162231200305.

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Research suggests that child development is positively affected when families can access overlapping, simultaneous forms of public assistance. Universal participation in social safety net programs is rare among eligible populations, though, and assessing the dynamics of multiple benefits use is particularly complex: which households with children receive multiple benefits, which combinations of benefits are most common, and which households are most likely to access benefits as the safety net expands in some ways and contracts in others? We use almost 40 years of data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine trends in both the number of public benefits accessed by American households with children and the types and combinations of benefits that households access. We find that the percentage of households with children using at least two benefits has increased, but the beneficiaries of increasing benefit use have been disproportionately higher-educated, White, and married households with incomes above the poverty line.

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Tjernberg, Mats. "The Economy of Undocumented Migration: Taxation and Access to Welfare." European Journal of Migration and Law 12, no. 2 (2010): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181610x496858.

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AbstractA strict division between the formal economy and the informal economy cannot be made and every economic actor has in certain situations a propensity to engage in informal economic activities. The formal, as well as informal economy may lead to economic growth which is essential for a broad welfare policy, under which social benefits are categorized. A person’s economic contribution to a state should entail some possibility of getting economic and social benefits from it. The article shows that a person, who is liable to tax in a state, by staying in its territory, should not be excluded from the social welfare system. There is often a lack of congruence between tax liability and right to residence-based social benefits. A typical example is that of undocumented migrants. Welfare policy is to a large extent governed by a mix of rules linked to taxation, social contributions and social benefits. It could be expected that the policy be well devised, leading to well-coordinated systems. European states having a social policy with roots in a Beveridge model (such as Sweden), should be obliged to integrate undocumented migrants in their social benefit system. Regardless of any declared income they should be part of basic social benefits scheme by virtue of territoriality alone.

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García de Jalón, Silvestre, Aline Chiabai, Alyvia Mc Tague, Naiara Artaza, Amaia de Ayala, Sonia Quiroga, Hanneke Kruize, Cristina Suárez, Ruth Bell, and Timothy Taylor. "Providing Access to Urban Green Spaces: A Participatory Benefit-Cost Analysis in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082818.

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The opening up of green spaces could provide significant benefits to society. This study develops a framework to assess the economic benefits and costs of public interventions providing citizen access to urban green spaces. The Thinking Fadura project in Getxo (Spain) was used as a case study. A method for participatory benefit-cost analysis is developed, where a stakeholder-participatory evaluation is combined with a standard cost-benefit analysis. The participatory evaluation followed a bottom-up approach in a sequential evaluation including three main focal points: key stakeholders and experts, visitors and the general public. The assessment demonstrates that the Thinking Fadura project’s benefits outweigh the costs. The results suggest that projects designed with the purpose of improving green space accessibility to the general public can be beneficial from a societal perspective. The highest economic benefits were an increase in the amenity and recreational value and an increase in people’s physical activity. The participatory evaluation indicates that giving access to people of lower socio-economic status and vulnerable groups and improving recreational use were perceived as the most beneficial. An increase in noise, dirt, and risk of criminal activities as well as potential conflicts between green space users were perceived as the most negative impacts of opening a previously restricted area to the general public. The economic assessment of Thinking Fadura project could serve as a model in the decision-making process in locations where the use of greenspaces is restricted.

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26

Sagali, H. L., and H. Yingli. "Barriers to equity: investigating community challenges in accessing and benefiting from forest resources in Manyoni, Tanzania." International Forestry Review 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554824838819914.

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Manyoni District’s inhabitants depend on forests for food, fuel, and money, showing the intricate relationship between natural ecosystems and human well-being. Forests sustain local livelihoods and biodiversity, but demographic factors, legal frameworks, and benefit-sharing mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied in Manyoni district. Our study examines the obstacles to fair and equal access to and sharing of natural resource benefits in Manyoni, Tanzania. The mixed-methods study uses quantitative data and qualitative interviews to gather data on forest access challenges, main benefits, legal restrictions, and benefit sharing that affect community access. The study indicates complex results on age, gender, marital status, and education against forest resource use. More resources are used every day by 46‐65‐year‐olds. The majority of women use daily, demonstrating how gender affects resource consumption. Marriage and education further distinguish consumption patterns, showing that social roles and education affect forest resource availability and dependency. The study suggests that women and less educated people depend more on forests. Accessibility requires sensitive policy changes to legal and benefit-sharing restrictions. It balances environmental conservation and community rights for sustainable management and fair access.

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27

Griffiths, Rita. "For better or for worse: does the UK means-tested social security system encourage partnership dissolution?" Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15674459946100.

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Unemployed and low-income couples entitled to means-tested benefits are known to have higher rates of separation and divorce than couples in which one or both partners are in regular, paid work. However, how and why unemployment and benefit receipt increases the risk of partnership dissolution remains the subject of much debate. In recent policy discourse, financial differentials in benefit entitlement between lone and couple parents are said to encourage intact couples to separate. Based on in-depth, face-to-face interviews with a group of low-income mothers who had been partnered prior to claiming lone parent benefits, this paper explores whether benefit entitlement or receipt influenced the decision to separate or divorce. The research found that more salient to partnership dissolution than the amount of benefits a couple may have been entitled to, was who had access to the money, how it was managed and how it was spent. To the extent that welfare systems influence which member of a couple has access to household income, the design and administration of benefits was having an important contributory effect. Policy implications of paying Universal Credit to couples in the form of a single monthly household award into one bank account are discussed.

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28

Ogujiuba, Kanayo K. "Which Demographic Quintile Benefits from Public Health Expenditure in Nigeria: A Marginal Benefit Analysis." Economies 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10100253.

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Policymakers concur that social investments are crucial, and that inequality must be decreased to accomplish long-term poverty reduction. Nigeria, one of the 20 poorest countries in the world, has a severely unequal society at the moment, with over 80% of the people living in deep, severe, and pervasive poverty, with an estimated 5% of the population possessing 85% of the country’s resources. This article’s focus is on how benefits are dispersed among various demographic groups. Previous data collection does not reflect the present realities of this topic. For this analysis, in southeast Nigeria, data sets from government agencies and for-profit service providers were utilized. The benefits of distinct quintiles were estimated using a marginal benefit incidence analysis. The results show that governmental spending in Nigeria is not pro-poor and that the country’s southeast governments supported spending for the wealthy rather than the poor. The results show, among other things, that investment in health is not well directed; benefits from primary education and primary healthcare appear to be disproportionately dispersed to the upper class in the states studied, as they are throughout Nigeria. The paper serves as an example of the value of benefit incidence analysis (BIA). This article recommends effective targeted discretionary spending to lower systemic poverty and inequality. If education and health spending were more pro-poor, better education and health outcomes, strong governance, high per capita income, and wider access to information would all be more likely.

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Mwakyambiki, Sarah E. "The implementation of a legal framework for access and benefit sharing; A case study of natural gas extraction in Kilwa District, Tanzania." African Journal of Accounting and Social Science Studies 4, no. 1 (August 18, 2022): 394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajasss.v4i1.20.

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The distribution, access, and sharing of direct benefits from extractive companies with host communities is a global concern. This study investigates the difficulties in keeping the legal framework in place for access to natural gas and benefit sharing among local communities. Specifically, this study will examine setbacks in implementing direct benefits like employment, service levy and utilisation of local market. A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 373 respondents and analysed through content analysis and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the statutory framework was not properly applied.. It is recommended that local governments should consult with the host community to reach an agreement, which will promote transparency and accountability in the regulations and procedures that allow access and benefit sharing. It is also recommended that the government, in partnership with nongovernmental organizations, develop nearby communities with capabilities to meet extractive companies’ supply demands.

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30

Wessel, Rhea. "Does Proxy Access Benefit Shareholders?" CFA Institute Magazine 25, no. 6 (November 2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v25.n6.17.

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31

Tuka, Vladimir, and Jan Malik. "Vascular Access Surveillance: No Benefit?" American Journal of Kidney Diseases 52, no. 3 (September 2008): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.05.035.

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32

Mann, Isaac, and David M. Levinson. "Access-based cost-benefit analysis." Journal of Transport Geography 119 (July 2024): 103952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103952.

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33

Barton, Andrew. "The benefits of vascular access service teams." British Journal of Nursing 31, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.14.s3.

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34

Hailbronner, Kay. "Union citizenship and access to social benefits." Common Market Law Review 42, Issue 5 (October 1, 2005): 1245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2005046.

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35

Komaritsa, V. N. "Benefits of Using Open Access: Citation Analysis." Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics 56, no. 4 (August 2022): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0005105522040045.

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36

MaloneBeach, Eileen E., Cindy S. Frank, and Roschelle A. Heuberger. "Electronic Access to Food and Cash Benefits." Social Work in Public Health 27, no. 5 (July 23, 2012): 424–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371910903182849.

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37

Corbera, Esteve, and Katrina Brown. "Offsetting Benefits? Analyzing Access to Forest Carbon." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 42, no. 7 (January 2010): 1739–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a42437.

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38

Smego, Raymond A., Rashida A. Khakoo, Christine Ann Burnside, and Michael J. Lewis. "The Benefits of Telephone-Access Medical Consultation." Journal of Rural Health 9, no. 3 (June 1993): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1993.tb00517.x.

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39

Chapin, Rene. "Dental Benefits Improve Access to Oral Care." Dental Clinics of North America 53, no. 3 (July 2009): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2009.03.004.

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40

McDaid, Carol. "Inadequacy Of Access To Substance Use Benefits." Health Affairs 28, no. 5 (September 2009): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.1552.

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41

Wang, Jenny Z., Aunna Pourang, and Barbara Burrall. "Open access medical journals: Benefits and challenges." Clinics in Dermatology 37, no. 1 (January 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.09.010.

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42

Gabbay, M. "Access to welfare benefits in primary care." BMJ 341, aug17 1 (August 17, 2010): c3642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3642.

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43

Szaboova, Lucy, Katrina Brown, and Janet A. Fisher. "Access to Ecosystem Benefits: More than Proximity." Society & Natural Resources 33, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1556759.

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44

Schulz, Oliver. "Open Access: Some Risks, Drawbacks, and Benefits." Theological Librarianship 16, no. 2 (October 26, 2023): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v16i2.3314.

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45

Arjjumend, Hasrat. "Debate on Genetic Resources Accessed Ex Situ in the context of the Nagoya Protocol." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (August 13, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.01011.

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Recently enacted two international laws – Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing (ABS) and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) – deal with the access/utilization of and benefit sharing arising out from genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (TK). Both the instruments lack relevant appropriate provisions guiding the countries to take administrative or legislative measures for covering and addressing the benefit sharing from the ex situ collections of genetic resources that were accessed well before the Nagoya Protocol came into existence. Developed nations show no willingness to share the benefits arising from the biological resources which they accessed from developing countries and retain ex situ. As a result, most affected entity would be the indigenous people and local communities (ILCs) – the custodians of most of the local biological resources – who would receive no benefits. The implications on this crucial issue will be critically reviewed in this article to identify appropriate solutions to this bottleneck using a few case studies.

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Erlina, Erlina, and Nika Normadilla. "Gender Analysis in Indonesia's Legislation Regarding Political Laws." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i3.20117.

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This paper examines Indonesia's current legislation on politics, inter alia, Political Parties Law, Election Law, and Parliament Law, by using gender analysis. This paper considers how these laws ensure equitable access, participation, control, and benefits for men and women. Under the justice and gender equality approach, these laws are not optimal, especially under the control and benefit indicators. In this context, Political Parties Law contributes more to the indicator of access, while Electoral Law provides access and participation indicators. At the same time, Parliament Law is expected to contribute the most to the control and benefit indicators. However, it is regrettable that Parliament Law does not comply with these two indicators. Also, the Constitutional Court's interpretation was not followed in a series of legislative revisions of Parliament Law. Therefore, the gender approach in the legislative revision of these three laws should be encouraged to benefit from social life with more just and non-discriminatory. It should also provide equal opportunity for every citizen to gain access, participatory rights, control, and benefits in development. Hence, it is inevitable to the importance of the government commitment in gender mainstreaming in policy, harmonization, and synchronization of laws and regulations. KEYWORDS: gender justice and equality, political laws, women's representation.

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47

Erlina, Erlina, and Nika Normadilla. "Gender Analysis in Indonesia's Legislation Regarding Political Laws." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i3.20117.

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This paper examines Indonesia's current legislation on politics, inter alia, Political Parties Law, Election Law, and Parliament Law, by using gender analysis. This paper considers how these laws ensure equitable access, participation, control, and benefits for men and women. Under the justice and gender equality approach, these laws are not optimal, especially under the control and benefit indicators. In this context, Political Parties Law contributes more to the indicator of access, while Electoral Law provides access and participation indicators. At the same time, Parliament Law is expected to contribute the most to the control and benefit indicators. However, it is regrettable that Parliament Law does not comply with these two indicators. Also, the Constitutional Court's interpretation was not followed in a series of legislative revisions of Parliament Law. Therefore, the gender approach in the legislative revision of these three laws should be encouraged to benefit from social life with more just and non-discriminatory. It should also provide equal opportunity for every citizen to gain access, participatory rights, control, and benefits in development. Hence, it is inevitable to the importance of the government commitment in gender mainstreaming in policy, harmonization, and synchronization of laws and regulations. KEYWORDS: gender justice and equality, political laws, women's representation.

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48

Breda, Alberto, Angelo Territo, and Juan Manuel López-Martínez. "Benefits and risks of ureteral access sheaths for retrograde renal access." Current Opinion in Urology 26, no. 1 (January 2016): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mou.0000000000000233.

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49

Tour, Andrei, Artem Polyvyanyy, and Anna Kalenkova. "Agent System Mining: Vision, Benefits, and Challenges." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 99480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3095464.

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TC, Hsieh. "Employer Health Plan Exclusions are a Barrier to Access of Penile Implants for Erectile Dysfunction." Open Access Journal of Urology & Nephrology 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajun-16000213.

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Introduction: Many commercial insurers and Medicare have published coverage policies detailing the medical necessity and accessibility of erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment, including implantable penile prosthesis (IPP). Approximately 61% of adults aged 18–64 years in the United States (US) receive health benefits via employer-sponsored health plans (ESHP) and 23% of employers reported medical benefit exclusion for sexual dysfunction treatment. Objective: To obtain nationwide US estimates of the proportions of patients denied IPP treatment due to ESHP exclusions (overall and by state, healthcare insurer, and labor sector industry). Methods: De-identified data from an industry IPP insurance benefit verification database from October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were analyzed to evaluate ESHP-related barriers to IPP access. Results: Among 2,638 patients with commercial insurance and employer data, 34.0% were denied IPP treatment due to ESHP benefit exclusions. ESHPs in Washington (60.7%), Louisiana (55.4%), Arizona (46.6%), Nebraska (45.5%), Ohio (43.3%), and Georgia (43.1%) had the highest exclusion rates, whereas Iowa (19.0%), Alabama (18.9%), Maryland (17.3%), Rhode Island (13.0%), and New York (7.1%) had the lowest exclusion rates. Patients with Aetna insurance had the greatest proportion of exclusions (62.4%), followed by Cigna (61.0%), employer-owned health plans (47.2%), other commercial plans (41.8%), Anthem (37.3%), Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) state plans (24.1%), United Healthcare (15.4%), and Humana (0.0%). The exclusion rate was highest for employees of the leisure and hospitality industry (51.9%), followed by religious organizations (50.0%), health care (40.5%), construction, mining, or agriculture (39.1%), education (38.9%), retail and wholesale trade (36.9%), manufacturing (36.7%), utilities (36.2%), professional and business services (35.4%), transportation (32.6%), finance and insurance (29.1%), labor union organizations (26.9%), and finally public, state, and government administration (25.1%). Conclusions: Despite insurance carrier medical policies, 34.0% of men with an ESHP are denied access to IPP ED treatment due to their ESHP benefit exclusions. ESHP exclusion rates varied geographically, by insurer, and by labor sector industry.

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