Дисертації з теми "Acceleration plan"

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O Projeto Estruturador Acelerar para Vencer (PAV), implantado pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais é recente, e, portanto, as pesquisas sobre seus impactos e reflexos são ainda escassas. O PAV é um projeto que apresenta uma metodologia diferenciada baseada na aceleração da aprendizagem, com vista a corrigir a distorção idade-série. Concentrado nos alunos com mais de dois anos de distorção, o projeto conta com dois módulos: o PAV I, voltado para as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e o PAV II, voltado para as séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na forma de um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), proposto pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O PAE é um estudo de caso de gestão educacional que pretende analisar uma dada situação e se apresenta como uma modalidade de pesquisa inovadora em seu formato, por apresentar um plano de ação segundo o contexto e os problemas identificados. Este Plano de Ação Educacional objetiva analisar o Projeto Acelerar para Vencer, tendo como campo de estudo a gestão nos níveis regional e local de educação. Para este propósito analisamos a implementação do Projeto no cotidiano escolar de duas escolas do centro-oeste mineiro, pertencentes a diferentes Superintendências Regionais. A escolha de tais escolas se deveu ao fato de abrigarem, além do Projeto, o Ensino Médio; fato este que facilitou a verificação quantitativa do percurso escolar dos alunos oriundos do PAV que ingressaram no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio. Além disso, a escolha de duas escolas pertencentes a diferentes Superintendências Regionais foi propícia à análise de como as informações são repassadas para o nível local. A escolha das Superintendências foi motivada pelo desejo de conhecer a realidade das regionais próximas ao contexto do meu exercício profissional. A verificação quantitativa da transição dos alunos do PAV para o Ensino Médio revelou que mais da metade destes alunos evadem ou são reprovados. Este fato nos levou a buscar os dados estaduais, através do banco de dados da Diretoria de Informações Educacionais da Secretaria Estadual de Educação. A verificação dos dados estaduais apresentou resultados similares aos das escolas investigadas. Este resultado vai ao encontro da hipótese inicial da pesquisa, a saber, que apesar de resolver a distorção idade-série no ensino fundamental, o problema se transfere para o Ensino Médio, uma vez que alunos provenientes do Projeto chegam defasados em conteúdo e acabam evadindo ou sendo reprovados. Além disso, os achados contrariam os propósitos apresentados pelos textos do Projeto, cujo foco principal é a aprendizagem e a atuação dos gestores por meio da gestão pedagógica. Diante do quadro apresentado novas hipóteses e questões se configuraram, dentre elas, a dúvida acerca da implementação nas escolas analisadas, se estaria correspondendo ao que a política previa. Para responder aos novos questionamentos, partimos de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através de entrevistas e questionários, com diretores, supervisores, professores e coordenadores regionais do PAV de ambas as escolas, e pudemos evidenciar problemas desde a formulação até a implantação do projeto. Isto revela, portanto, a necessidade de sua reformulação, além de outras ações que pretendam por em prática uma concepção de educação inclusiva e de qualidade, com visão de futuro, de forma que classes de aceleração não mais se façam necessárias. Esta reformulação é o que propusemos como Plano de Ação Educacional.
The Project Speed to win – Acelerar para Vencer (PAV), deployed by the State Secretariat of Education of Minas Gerais is recent, and therefore the research on impacts and reflexes are still scarce. The PAV is a project that provides a differentiated methodology based on accelerated learning, with a view to correcting the distortion age-series. Geared toward students with more than two years of distortion, the project comprises two modules, the PAV I geared toward the elementary grades and the PAV II, directed the elementary school finals series. This work was developed in the form of an Educational Action Plan (PAE), proposed by the Graduate Program in Professional management and evaluation of public education. PAE is a case study of educational management, in order to analyze a given situation and presents itself as an innovative modality in its format, to present a plan of action according to the context and the problems identified. This Educational Action Plan (PAE) aims to analyze the project, having as a field of study in management at local and regional levels of education. For this purpose, we analyze the implementation of the project in two schools of the West Centre de Minas Gerais, belonging to different regional superintendence. The choice of these schools gave because harboring beyond project, high school, the fact this that facilitated the quantitative verification of students ' schooling from the PAV that joined the first year of high school. Moreover, the choice of two schools belonging to different regional superintendences was conducive to analysis of how information is passed on to the local level. The choice of the superintendencies was motivated by the desire to know the reality of regional near the context of my professional practice. The quantitative check of students ' transition from PAV high school revealed that more than half of these students are evading or are disapproved. This fact led us to fetch the data state, through the Board's database of Educational Information of the State Secretariat of education. Data verification results similar to those presented by State schools investigated. This result goes against the search starting hypothesis, namely that although solve the distortion age-series in elementary school, the problem moves to the high school, since students coming from project content and have just come off by rerouted or being disapproved. In addition, the findings contradict the purposes presented by the project, whose main focus is learning and the role of managers by means of pedagogical management of the project. Before the table, new hypotheses and questions whether perpetrated by, among they doubt whether the implementation in schools examined would be corresponding to the policy envisaged. To respond to new questions, we start from a qualitative research, conducted through interviews and questionnaires, with directors, supervisors, teachers and regional coordinators of PAV from both schools and might show some problems involving from the formulation to the implementation of the project, revealing, therefore the need to recast, along with other actions aiming to implement a conception of inclusive education and quality, forward-thinking, so acceleration classes no longer if necessary. This reformulation is what we proposed as Educational Action Plan.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The main objective of this thesis was to analyze the Growth Acceleration Plan (PAC), in its first version (2007-2010), using as basis of information the reports made available on the program site. In this material were found several problems that prevented an evaluation, as the lack of macroeconomic data on the reflection of the program in the economy, the absence of a relation and the monitoring of all the works, the lack of identification of which were in charge of the public initiative and private, the deletion of justifications for both delays (and the judicialization, which did not appear in the reports and was also not mentioned in the thesis), as well as works that were not carried out, differences of concept between the management of the program and the Court (TCU), as well as the disagreement between the indicators prepared and the results presented, since the data provided by the government indicated that in the first version 82% of the predicted values were realized and in the second version, the result reached 99, 7%. In order to situate the program, the historical reconstruction of Lula's presidential mandates was chosen. In the first one, there was a mass occupation of party members in the ministries and the reversion of this situation, motivated by the formation of coalition presidentialism, as verified that ministerial reforms were necessary and the base of support was widened. The government had the right international scenario, favored domestic consumption, adopted targeted social policies, increased domestic debt and kept the exchange rate overvalued. In the second term, the political aspect was not addressed, on the understanding that coalition presidentialism had only been intensified. In addition, an expansionist economic policy prevailed, focused social policy and overvalued exchange rates, domestic consumption was favored, domestic debt increased, there was conviviality with deindustrialization and with an economic model different from that adopted by FHC, but favorable to the great capital
O objetivo principal dessa tese foi analisar o Plano de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), em sua primeira versão (2007-2010), utilizando como base de informações os relatórios disponibilizados no site do programa. Nesse material foram encontrados vários problemas que impediram uma avaliação, como a falta de dados macroeconômicos sobre o reflexo do programa na economia, a ausência de uma relação e o acompanhamento de todas as obras, a falta de identificação de quais estavam a cargo da iniciativa pública e privada, a supressão de justificativas tanto para os atrasos (como a judicialização, que não apareceu nos relatórios e também não foi citada na tese), como às obras que não foram realizadas, as divergências de conceito entre a gestão do programa e o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e ainda a discordância dos indicadores elaborados e dos resultados apresentados, uma vez que os dados disponibilizados pelo governo apontaram que na primeira versão 82% dos valores previstos foram realizados e na segunda versão, o resultado chegou a 99,7%. Para situar o programa, optou-se pela reconstrução histórica dos mandatos presidenciais de Lula, sendo que no primeiro, houve a ocupação em massa de membros do partido nos ministérios e a reversão desse quadro, motivado pela formação do presidencialismo de coalizão, constatado à medida que as reformas ministeriais foram necessárias e a base de apoio foi ampliada. O governo contou com o cenário internacional oportuno, favoreceu o consumo interno, adotou políticas sociais focalizadas, aumentou a dívida interna e manteve o câmbio sobrevalorizado. No segundo mandato, o aspecto político não foi abordado, pelo entendimento que o presidencialismo de coalizão só fora intensificado. Além disso, prevaleceu uma política econômica expansionista, a política social focalizada e o câmbio sobrevalorizado, o consumo interno foi favorecido, a dívida interna aumentou, houve convívio com a desindustrialização e com um modelo econômico diferente do adotado por FHC, mas, favorável ao grande capital

У наш час завдання кінематичного аналізу механізмів найчастіше вирішуються графічними або аналітичними методами. З розвитком мов програмування та можливостей відповідних середовищ розробки стає можливою реалізація кінематичного аналізу плоских важільних механізмів програмними методами. Запропонована реалізація являється комбінованим графоаналітичним методом, оскільки аналітичне рішення засноване на графічних побудовах та рішенні відповідних геометричних задач. За допомогою мови програмування Processing реалізовано програмне забезпечення для кінематичного аналізу простих важільних механізмів. Кінематичний аналіз, важільний механізм, мова програмування Processing.
Nowadays, the problem of kinematic analysis of mechanisms is most often solved by graphical or analytical methods. According to the development of programming languages and the possibility of corresponding development environments, it becomes possible to implement the kinematic analysis of flat lever mechanisms using software methods. The proposed implementation is a combined graphoanalytical method, since the analytical solution is based on graphical constructions and the solution of the corresponding geometric problems. Using the programming language Processing implemented software for the kinematic analysis of simple lever mechanisms. Kinematic analysis, lever mechanism, programming language Processing.
В наше время задача кинематического анализа механизмов чаще всего решаются графическими или аналитическими методами. По развитию языков программирования и возможности соответствующих сред разработки становится возможна реализация кинематического анализа плоских рычажных механизмов программными методами. Предложен а реализация является комбинированном графоаналитическим методом, поскольку аналитическое решение основано на графических построениях и решении соответствующих геометрических задач. С помощью языка программирования Processing реализовано программное обеспечение для кинематического анализа простых рычажных механизмов. Кинематический анализ, рычажный механизм, язык программирования Processing.

This thesis deals with economic, political and social aspects of Brazil. The first chapter characterizes Brazil as one of the developing centres of the world economy with emphasis on its geographical and demographic situation and on the political development from the period of colonization to the new millenium. It offers detailed analysis of the social problem as well. The second chapter is basically oriented to the characteristics of the brazil economy. It focuses especially on the structural reforms effectuated in the nineties and on the "Real Plan". The next part of the chapter deals with the description of che basic economic profile and the financial sphere of the country and offers the evaluation of the economic development in the 2007. At the end the "Growth Acceleration Program" is presented. The last chapter analyses actual situation of the brazil foreign trade and of the investment sphere, the most perspective sectors for investments, but it points out potential risks for the investors as well. In the end this chapter tries to define perspectives of the next development of the brazil economy and it's future role in the world economy.

Plane-wave decomposition and slant stack transformation have recently gained much interest as viable routes to perform a variety of prestack processing tasks, such as velocity estimation, migration, filtering, deconvolution, and velocity inversion. To further complement the current advances, the problem of earth model parameter estimation and prestack structural imaging are addressed in this work. Unlike existing methods, the algorithms presented here make a novel and systematic use of the plane-wave domain to determine migration and interval velocities, interface dip angles and common-shot gather reflector images. To start, a method is developed to estimate migration velocities and interface dip angles in earth models composed of planar, dipping reflecting interfaces separating homogeneous layers, and where straight-ray travelpaths to the reflecting interfaces can be assumed. The method consists of transforming a common-shot gather into the plane-wave domain, where a semblance analysis search along cosinusoid trajectories is performed. Since the cosinusoid trajectories are functions of the migration velocity and interface dip angle, selection of the maximum semblance values yields the best estimates to the desired earth model parameters. To remove the straight-ray assumption of the velocity-dip analysis method, a recursive technique is developed to estimate interval velocities and interface dip angles via a ray tracing algorithm. This technique essentially generates plane-wave domain traveltimes for a range of interval velocities and interface dip angles, and computes the error between the generated and observed plane-wave traveltimes. The minimum error determines the best estimates of the earth model parameters. With the information attained in the velocity-dip analysis algorithm, a plane-wave based imaging method is developed to produce prestack common-shot gather images of the reflecting interfaces. The method consists of transforming a common-shot gather into the plane-wave domain, where a velocity-dip semblance analysis is performed. Then, the plane-wave components are downward extrapolated and recombined via a dip-incorporated inverse slant-stack transformation to produce the spherical-wave field that would have been recorded by receivers placed on the reflecting interfaces. The dip incorporation consists of redefining the angle of emergence of the plane waves. Finally, a simple mapping algorithm converts the offset and time coordinates of the reconstructed wave field to the true horizontal location and two-way vertical time of the reflection points. This results in the desired prestack migrated images of the reflecting interfaces. In this thesis, a novel algorithm to perform plane-wave decomposition via Fourier transforms is also proposed. This algorithm consists of the application of the double fast Fourier transform to the input data, followed by complex vector multiplications with essentially the Fourier representation of the Bessel function J0 . A numerical singularity is avoided by applying an analytical expression that approximately accounts for the singular point contribution. An inverse fast Fourier transform from frequency to time gives the desired plane-wave seismogram. The techniques proposed in this work have yielded encouraging results on synthetic and field data examples. The examples demonstrate, for the first time, the systematic use of the plane-wave domain in processing seismic reflection data from common-shot gather data to the plane-wave domain, to velocity and dip angle analysis and to prestack structural imaging. It is believed that the results from this work will help researchers as well as practising geophysicists to become better acquainted with plane-wave domain processing.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

Running company is very risky and its beginnings are perhaps the most difficult phase in the life cycle of a company, which in many cases discourages potential entrepreneurs from starting up. Budding entrepreneurs are yet to contend not only with the lack of start-up capital, but also with a lack of knowledge, experience and contacts that support successful business development. One way how to overcome these obstacles is to attend one of the programs of startup accelerators that provide novice entrepreneurs not only with starting capital, but also with experience, knowledge and contacts to entities that may be critical for the successful development of business. This thesis aims to determine the participants' satisfaction with Czech startup accelerator StartupYard and appraise the effectiveness of its functioning.

Le canal de propagation est un élément important pour la fiabilité des simulations et la conception des systèmes sans fil. Les modèles déterministes offrent un bon niveau de précision au prix d'une complexité croissante de calcul, ce qui les rend prohibitifs pour les simulateurs de réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RdC) car ils impliquent de nombreux nœuds distribués à l'échelle d’une ville. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des méthodes déterministes rapides et précises pour modéliser le comportement des ondes électromagnétiques en garantissant le juste compromis entre la précision et le temps de calcul. L’étude a d’abord été subdivisée en deux modes selon le mécanisme dominant de propagation. Dans une configuration microcellule, l'approche proposée est basée sur un modèle de lancer de rayons reposant sur la technique de la visibilité qui adopte un ensemble de techniques d'accélération pour réduire la complexité sans perte significative de la précision. Dans le même objectif, la propagation verticale a été abordée en incluant les contributions les plus significatives. Enfin, ces modèles ont été intégrés dans un simulateur de RdC pour fournir des résultats réalistes dans le contexte d'une ‘smart city’. L'impact des modèles précis dans les simulateurs est illustré par certains paramètres du réseau
Modeling the radio channel in an accurate way is a key element of any wireless systems. Deterministic models offer a good degree of precision at the cost of high computational complexity, which is prohibitive for wireless sensor network (WSN) simulators because they involve many sensor nodes in a city-wide scale. Within this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose efficient, fast, and accurate deterministic methods for modeling electromagnetic waves by finding the best time-accuracy trade-offs that guarantee accuracy under tight time constraints. The study was first subdivided into two modes according to the dominant propagation mechanism. In microcell configurations, the proposed approach is a ray-tracing model based on the visibility technique. It adopts a set of acceleration techniques to reduce the complexity with a minimal loss of precision. With the same objective, the vertical propagation was addressed to include the most significant contributions. Finally, these models were integrated into a WSN simulator to provide realistic and accurate results for smart city applications. The importance of using accurate models in WSN simulators is illustrated in terms of some network parameters

Панченко, П. В. Обґрунтування норм утримання залізничної колії у плані при прискореному русі : авт. дис. к. т. н. / П. В. Панченко ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. - Д. : Вид-во Днiпропетр. нац. ун-ту залізн. трансп. iм. акад. В. Лазаряна, 2014. - 20 с. : іл., табл. ГРНТИ 73.29.11 УДК 625.1.032.43(043.3) Захист - 06.03.2014
UK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертаційна робота присвячена теоретичним та експериментальним дослідженням з розв'язання важливої науково-технічної задачі з розробки нормативів утримання колії у плані при швидкостях руху поїздів 140-160 км/год (прискорений рух). У роботі проаналізовано історичний розвиток нормативів утримання колії. Визначено, що до 2012 року нормативи утримання колії у плані були отримані для швидкостей руху 140 км/год і повинні бути удосконалені у зв’язку з підвищенням швидкостей руху з 140 до 160 км/год. Удосконалена нелінійна багатомасова математична модель для дослідження взаємодії колії з пасажирським вагоном на візках КВЗ-ЦНИИ. Виконано якісну та чисельну верифікацію математичної моделі з даними експериментальних досліджень. Виявлено достовірність теоретичних розрахунків. Проаналізовано експериментальні дослідження і виявлено дію рухомого складу на колію та комфорт їзди пасажирів. Визначено, що горизонтальне прискорення (імпульсне), що діє на пасажира під час руху, залежить від геометричних показників нерівностей колії у плані, від радіуса кривої та швидкості руху і є обмежуючим критерієм при розробці нормативів утримання колії у плані. Обґрунтовано та розроблено норми та допуски утримання колії у плані при швидкостях руху 140-160 км/год, які впроваджені і діють на залізницях України.
RU: АННОТАЦИЯ Диссертация посвящена теоретическим и экспериментальным исследованиям решения важной научно - технической задачи по разработке нормативов содержания пути в плане при скоростях движения поездов 140-160 км/ч (ускоренное движение). В работе проанализированы историческое развитие нормативов содержания пути. Определено, что до 2012 года нормативы содержания пути в плане были получены для скоростей движения 140 км/ч и должны быть переработаны в связи с повышением скоростей движения со 140 до 160 км/ч. Усовершенствована нелинейная многомассовая математическая модель для исследования взаимодействия пути с пассажирским вагоном на тележках КВЗ-ЦНИИ. Усовершенствована нелинейная многомассовая математическая модель для исследования взаимодействия пути с пассажирским вагоном на тележках КВЗ-ЦНИИ, в которой одновременно учтено: вертикальную массу и жесткость пути; горизонтальную массу и жесткость пути; работу наклонного гасителя колебаний в вертикальной и горизонтальной поперечной плоскостях от вертикальных и горизонтальных перемещений рамы тележки и надрессорной балки; работу ограничителей поперечных перемещений надрессорной балки относительно рамы тележки; работу ограничителей поперечных перемещений рамы тележки относительно колесной пары; пространственные геометрические нелинейности взаимодействия тел, определенных нелинейными зависимостями деформаций от угловых координат; двухточечный контакт колеса с рельсом; пространственное положение рельсов в кривых и прямых участках пути в единой системе координат. Усовершенствованная математическая модель позволяет получить и проанализировать более точно: координаты и скорости тел в соединительных элементах системы экипаж путь, перемещения и скорости перемещений силовых элементов, деформаций, проскальзывание и силы на поверхности катания и гребня колеса в контакте колесо-рельс. Проведено качественную и численную верификацию математической модели с данными экспериментальных исследований. Выявлено достоверность теоретических расчетов. Усовершенствована методика проведения экспериментальных исследований. Усовершенствование заключается в рациональном определении мест положения датчиков на пути для исследования ее напряженно деформированного состояния по результатам натурных измерений пространственного положения пути и математического моделирования взаимодействия ее с подвижным составом. Для проведения многовариантных расчетов взаимодействия пути и пассажирского вагона на тележках КВЗ-ЦНИИ при скоростях движения 140-160 км/ч были проведены эксплуатационные исследования по определению геометрических параметров состояния пути в плане в кривых и прямых участках пути. Геометрические параметры неровностей пути в плане (амплитуда и длина неровности) были определены по результатам промеров путеизмерительного вагона. Проанализированы экспериментальные исследования и выявлено действие подвижного состава на путь и комфорт езды пассажиров. Определено, что горизонтальное ускорение (импульсное), действующее на пассажира во время движения, зависит от геометрических показателей неровностей пути в плане, от радиуса кривой и скорости движения и является ограничивающим критерием при разработке нормативов содержания железнодорожного пути в плане. Обоснованы и разработаны нормы и допуски содержания пути в плане при скоростях движения 140-160 км/ч, которые внедрены и действуют на железных дорогах Украины.
EN: ABSTRACT The dissertation is devoted to the development of norms and regulations of railway track maintenance at traffic speeds from 140 to 160 km/hour. In connection with European integration and the necessity of railway traffic speed increase there is an urgent problem of the development of new norms and regulations on railway track maintenance. Dissertation work consists of four basic sections. The problems of track geometry influence on passenger travel, methods of field experiments conduct with the traffic speed more than 140 km/hour, the problems of theoretical modeling of track and rolling stock interaction and others are considered. The scientific novelty of dissertational work is in the improvement of mathematical model of carriage interaction with the track that gives the crew the possibility to model the movement on elastic way with various geometry. Besides, the technique of track position modeling is improved as a result of field measurements, which allow defining the number of measuring devices and their position on the track. For the first time, the passenger comfort and trains safety were analyzed depending upon the track geometry with the speed traffic more than 140 km/hour. The given work has wide practical application at railways of Ukraine. According to its results the Norms and Regulations of Railway Track Maintenance have been developed and introduced into Ukrainian railway documentation

Innovation entrepreneurship is built not only on a quality idea, but also on the availability of start-up capital and management skills of the idea owner. The insufficient finance often limits the success and growth potential of start-ups. When seeking support to individual business plans, allowing for entry of a business angel could be an option. Business angels are private, mostly experienced investors who invest in SMEs with high growth potential not only financial capital, but also business know-how, contacts and management experience. Thesis evaluates possibilities to use venture capital offered by business angels to support innovative start-ups and on several case studies assesses readiness of innovation and business environment from the investors’ point of view.

This research presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation into what factors are present at time zero that increase the probability that a startup will achieve long term sustainability. Survival rates for startups in the United States (U.S.) are disappointingly low and economically inefficient. The data shows that the U.S. clearly lags its peer countries in the survival rates of startups. The U.S ranked an unacceptable 11th of 14 among its peer countries in first-year survival rates in recent years. Startup failure does not only impact the entrepreneur; it also impacts creditors, vendors, community stakeholders, and employees. While it is commonly acknowledged that entrepreneurial businesses contribute to economic growth, the influential impact survival can have on economic growth within the community is often understated. The economic impact of startups on the community makes this area of research even more vital. To avoid failure and improve the sustainability of startups requires an in-depth understanding of the factors that are causal and non-causal to sustainability. While there has been significant investment and support by communities, government, and private foundations, startup failure rates remain virtually unchanged in the last two decades. Despite the many years of research in the field of entrepreneurship, U.S. failure rates within the first five years’ average 53%, regardless of the industry membership or economic cycles. Identifying factors that are causal and non-causal to the sustainability of emerging businesses is crucial to the founders and stakeholders. Within this study, both internal and external factors that may be causal to the macro survival rate of U.S. startups were studied. The external factors were studied quantitatively, using data published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) and the Brookings Institute. A protocol of regression analysis and visual analytics were applied to evaluate the quantitative data. It demonstrated that external factors such as the change in real gross domestic product (RGDP), interest rates, and expansion of accelerators have had no significant effect on U.S. macro startup survival rates. Further, the findings confirm that neither geographic location nor industry membership impacted U.S. macro startup survival rates. Internal factors were studied qualitatively, using a grounded theory protocol. The qualitative research did uncover three internal factors that were causal to survival of the startups studied. Those internal factors were:  Career Autonomy – The entrepreneurs motivated by career autonomy were significantly more likely to achieve long-term sustainability.  Allies – The entrepreneurs who identify and utilized allies were more likely to survive.  Purposeful Margin of Safety model – Startups whose founders had a rigorous understanding of the margin of safety (MOS) and its underlying elements of pricing and break-even analysis were more likely to survive. This qualitative study provides significant evidence that, when these three causal factors are present, the likelihood of sustainability is high. These findings extend our knowledge on how to improve the probability of sustainability for the firms. This study demonstrates that the U.S. can and should improve its startup survival rates by focusing on the internal factors that are necessary at time zero to ensure sustainability and survival.

Il mio progetto di tesi dal titolo "Studio del modello di vita e di affidabilità di condensatori "Brick" in film per applicazioni Automotive per macchine elettriche o ibride, è stato svolto in collaborazione con un'azienda di prodotto, leader mondiale nella progettazione e produzione di condensatori. L'obiettivo del mio progetto è stato quello di studiare, da un punto di vista affidabilistico, i modelli di vita dei condensatori in film di polipropilene utilizzati per applicazioni automotive. I test analizzati consistono nel sottoporre il dispositivo a determinati stress di temperatura e tensione, dalla durata variabile di tn ore, in modo tale da valutare l'affidabilità e la vita attesa garantita dal condensatore. Le attività svolte possono essere suddivise in tre grandi blocchi: organizzazione dei dati, andando a considerare un unico "failure mode", "Fitting" dei dati tramite il modello considerato ed infine costruzione del Test Plan in modo da soddisfare le seguenti richieste aziendali: determinazione della durata di ciascuno stress, determinazione del numero di campioni per ogni livello di stress e determinazione dei livelli di stress.

The master thesis deals with design and realization of stabilizing and autopilot system, which is used in radio controlled model planes. The thesis contains a proposal of hardware platform, which is able to control the plane model based on data measured from a sensor system. Moreover, this thesis describes a software implementation of individual modules, which is measured the onboard values. The basic principles of stabilization and autonomous flight control are also summarized. In conclusion, the system is subjected to flight tests.

This master’s thesis deals with usage of burn-up (spent) nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants of next generation – accelerator driven transmutation plants which is produced in current nuclear power plants. This system could significantly reduce the volume of dangerous long-lived radioisotopes and moreover they would be able to take advantage of its great energy potential due to fast neutron spectrum. In the introduction are listed basic knowledge and aspects of spent nuclear fuel along with its reprocessing and the possibility of further use while minimizing environmental impact. As another point detailed description of accelerator driven systems is described together with its basic components. In addition this search is followed by individual chronological enumeration of projects of global significance concerning their current development. Emphasis is placed on SAD and MYRRHA projects, which are used like base for calculations. This last, computational part, deals with the creation of the geometry of subcritical transmutation reactor driven by accelerator and subsequent evaluation which assembly is the most effective for transmutation and energy purposes along with changing of target, nuclear fuel and coolant/moderator.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals das QQDS-Magnetspektrometer für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf umfassend vorgestellt. Zusätzlich werden sowohl alle auf die Analytik Einfluss nehmenden Parameter untersucht als auch Methoden und Modelle vorgestellt, wie deren Einfluss vermieden oder rechnerisch kompensiert werden kann. Die Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeit gliedern sich in fünf Bereiche. Der Erste ist der Aufbau und die Inbetriebnahme des QQDS-Magnetspektrometers, der zugehörige Streukammer mit allen Peripheriegeräten und des eigens für die höchstauflösende elastische Rückstoßanalyse entwickelten Detektors. Sowohl das umgebaute Spektrometer als auch der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gebaute Detektor wurden speziell an experimentelle Bedingungen für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente angepasst und erstmalig auf einen routinemäßigen Einsatz hin getestet. Der Detektor besteht aus zwei Komponenten. Zum einen befindet sich am hinteren Ende des Detektors eine Bragg-Ionisationskammer, die zur Teilchenidentifikation genutzt wird. Zum anderen dient ein Proportionalzähler, der eine Hochwiderstandsanode besitzt und direkt hinter dem Eintrittsfenster montiert ist, zur Teilchenpositionsbestimmung im Detektor. Die folgenden zwei Schwerpunkte beinhalten grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung. Durch die Verwendung eines Magnetspektrometers ist die Messung der Ladungszustandsverteilung der herausgestreuten Teilchen direkt nach einem binären Stoß sowohl möglich als auch für die Analyse notwendig. Aus diesem Grund werden zum einen die Ladungszustände gemessen und zum anderen mit existierenden Modellen verglichen. Außerdem wird ein eigens entwickeltes Modell vorgestellt und erstmals im Rahmen dieser Arbeit angewendet, welches den ladungszustandsabhängigen Energieverlust bei der Tiefenprofilierung berücksichtigt. Es wird gezeigt, dass ohne die Anwendung dieses Modells die Tiefenprofile nicht mit den quantitativen Messungen mittels konventioneller Ionenstrahlanalytikmethoden und mit der Dickenmessung mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie übereinstimmen, und damit falsche Werte liefern würden. Der zweite für die Thematik wesentliche Aspekt der Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung, sind die Probenschäden und -modifikationen, die während einer Schwerionen-bestrahlung auftreten. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass bei den hier verwendeten Energien sowohl elektronisches Sputtern als auch elektronisch verursachtes Grenzflächendurchmischen eintreten. Das elektronische Sputtern kann durch geeignete Strahlparameter für die meisten Proben ausreichend minimiert werden. Dagegen ist der Einfluss der Grenzflächendurchmischung meist signifikant, so dass dieser analysiert und in der Auswertung berücksichtigt werden muss. Schlussfolgernd aus diesen Untersuchungen ergibt sich für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Rossendorfer 5-MV Tandembeschleuniger, dass die geeignetsten Primärionen Chlor mit einer Energie von 20 MeV sind. In Einzelfällen, wie zum Beispiel der Analyse von Bor, muss die Energie jedoch auf 6,5 MeV reduziert werden, um das elektronische Sputtern bei der notwendigen Fluenz unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze zu halten. Der vierte Schwerpunkt ist die Untersuchung von sowohl qualitativen als auch quantitativen Einflüssen bestimmter Probeneigenschaften, wie beispielsweise Oberflächenrauheit, auf die Form des gemessenen Energiespektrums beziehungsweise auf das analysierte Tiefenprofil. Die Kenntnis der Rauheit einer Probe an der Oberfläche und an den Grenzflächen ist für die Analytik unabdingbar. Als Resultat der genannten Betrachtungen werden die Einflüsse von Probeneigenschaften und Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkungen auf die Energie- beziehungsweise Tiefenauflösung des Gesamtsystems beschrieben, berechnet und mit der konventionellen Ionenstrahlanalytik verglichen. Die Möglichkeiten der höchstauflösenden Ionenstrahlanalytik werden zudem mit den von anderen Gruppen veröffentlichten Komplementärmethoden gegenübergestellt. Der fünfte und letzte Schwerpunkt ist die Analytik leichter Elemente in ultradünnen Schichten unter Berücksichtigung aller in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Modelle, wie die Reduzierung des Einflusses von Strahlschäden oder die Quantifizierung der Elemente im dynamischen Ladungszustandsnichtgleichgewicht. Es wird die Tiefenprofilierung von Mehrschichtsystemen, bestehend aus SiO2-Si3N4Ox-SiO2 auf Silizium, von Ultra-Shallow-Junction Bor-Implantationsprofilen und von ultradünnen Oxidschichten, wie zum Beispiel High-k-Materialien, demonstriert
In this thesis the QQDS magnetic spectrometer that is used for high resolution ion beam analysis (IBA) of light elements at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is presented for the first time. In addition all parameters are investigated that influence the analysis. Methods and models are presented with which the effects can be minimised or calculated. There are five focal points of this thesis. The first point is the construction and commissioning of the QQDS magnetic spectrometer, the corresponding scattering chamber with all the peripherals and the detector, which is specially developed for high resolution elastic recoil detection. Both the reconstructed spectrometer and the detector were adapted to the specific experimental conditions needed for high-resolution Ion beam analysis of light elements and tested for routine practice. The detector consists of two compo-nents. At the back end of the detector a Bragg ionization chamber is mounted, which is used for the particle identification. At the front end, directly behind the entrance window a proportional counter is mounted. This proportional counter includes a high-resistance anode. Thus, the position of the particles is determined in the detector. The following two points concern fundamental studies of ion-solid interaction. By using a magnetic spectrometer the charge state distribution of the particles scattered from the sample after a binary collision is both possible and necessary for the analysis. For this reason the charge states are measured and compared with existing models. In addition, a model is developed that takes into account the charge state dependent energy loss. It is shown that without the application of this model the depth profiles do not correspond with the quantitative measurements by conventional IBA methods and with the thickness obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The second fundamental ion-solid interaction is the damage and the modification of the sample that occurs during heavy ion irradiation. It is shown that the used energies occur both electronic sputtering and electronically induced interface mixing. Electronic sputtering is minimised by using optimised beam parameters. For most samples the effect is below the detection limit for a fluence sufficient for the analysis. However, the influence of interface mixing is so strong that it has to be included in the analysis of the layers of the depth profiles. It is concluded from these studies that at the Rossendorf 5 MV tandem accelerator chlorine ions with an energy of 20 MeV deliver the best results. In some cases, such as the analysis of boron, the energy must be reduced to 6.5 MeV in order to retain the electronic sputtering below the detection limit. The fourth focus is the study of the influence of specific sample properties, such as surface roughness, on the shape of a measured energy spectra and respectively on the analysed depth profile. It is shown that knowledge of the roughness of a sample at the surface and at the interfaces for the analysis is needed. In addition, the contribution parameters limiting the depth resolution are calculated and compared with the conventional ion beam analysis. Finally, a comparison is made between the high-resolution ion beam analysis and complementary methods published by other research groups. The fifth and last focus is the analysis of light elements in ultra thin layers. All models presented in this thesis to reduce the influence of beam damage are taken into account. The dynamic non-equilibrium charge state is also included for the quantification of elements. Depth profiling of multilayer systems is demonstrated for systems consisting of SiO2-Si3N4Ox-SiO2 on silicon, boron implantation profiles for ultra shallow junctions and ultra thin oxide layers, such as used as high-k materials

碩士
國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
105
Public construction works commonly encounter the problem of falling behind schedule, and consequently result in delaying target project duration and occurring delay penalty. For dealing with the possible schedule delay problems, the contractor usually proposes the Extension of Time (EOT) and Construction Acceleration Plan (CAP) that require to be reviewed and approved by the client. Some government agencies have application forms and reference example for EOT and CAP; however, there is no standard review principle for checking the integrity and rationality of contractor’s submittals about EOT and CAP. In general, the reviewers conduct review works merely on their experience. This study collects the manuals and specifications about EOT and CAP in Taiwan’s governments and the literature, summarizes common procedures and key review items and principles, interviews with domain experts for issues identification and outcomes review, and finally proposes operation procedures and review principles for EOT and CAP. It is anticipated that the proposed operation procedures and review principles for EOT and CAP could be a valuable reference for the reviewer.

In the last years, the entrepreneurship ecosystem has been experiencing a constant growth in Portugal, as a higher number of startups are created every year. However, these new ventures have a high rate of failure in the first years, due to the high risk characteristic of an early stage venture. In order to help new ventures to overcome early stage obstacles, the number of incubators and accelerator has been growing every year in Portugal, being increasing the number of startups benefiting from it. In relation to this, there is a clear opportunity for accelerators to catch the beginning phase of this phenomenon in Portugal in order to build a strong and solid position in the Portuguese market in the long term. The present project presents a marketing plan for BGI Acceleration Program, with the objective of increasing brand awareness in the target market. In this marketing strategy plan we elaborate an internal and external analysis, characterizing the Portuguese entrepreneurial ecosystem, the company, BGI’s competition and the respective consumer - the Portuguese deep technology startups. In the Operational Marketing Plan, we develop a one-year plan to, defining the marketing-mix of the company and the implementation plan to follow.
Ao longo dos últimos anos, o ecossistema empreendedor em Portugal tem experienciado um crescimento constante, observado através do número elevado de startups criadas todos os anos. No entanto, é importante verificar a elevada taxa de insucesso de startups, devido ao elevado risco característico da criação de uma nova empresa. De forma a ajudar estas novas empresas a superarem os seus obstáculos iniciais, é visível o crescimento do número de incubadoras e aceleradoras em cada ano em Portugal, estando a crescer o número de startups a beneficiarem destas entidades. Desta forma, existe uma oportunidade evidente para as aceleradoras aproveitarem a fase inicial deste fenómeno em Portugal, de forma a construírem uma marca forte e sólida no mercado português a longo prazo. O presente projeto apresenta um plano de marketing para o Programa de Aceleração BGI, com o objetivo de aumentar a sua notoriedade de marca no mercado alvo. De forma a elaborar um plano estratégico de marketing, elaborámos uma análise interna e externa, caracterizando o ecossistema empreendedor português, a empresa, os seus concorrentes atuais no Mercado e o respetivo consumidor – startups tecnológicas portuguesas. No Plano de Marketing Operacional, desenvolvemos um plano com a duração de um ano de forma a definir todos os fatores de marketing da empresa e um plano de implementação a seguir.

碩士
國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
107
Image compression is one the major techniques in various space missions and remote sensing systems. Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has developed a data compression standard for the tasks on the satellite. This algorithm is based on JPEG2000 and SPIHT. The purpose is compressing the satellite imagery and transmitting it to the ground earth station in real time while trying to reach the balance between memory buffer requirement and image quality. The CCSDS IDC algorithm consists of two major functional parts: Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) and Bit-Plane Encoder(BPE). DWT module aims at data decorrelation. After decorrelation, BPE module then encodes the coefficients decomposed by DWT and supports the options of data rate control and image quality adjustment. In thesis[1], both floating type and integer type DWTs have been implemented by using a 9/7 filter architecture. Both of them perform a 2-dimentional 3-level DWT decomposition with adaptive image width settings. The bit plane encoder is the key module of CCSDS IDC system. It is also regarded as the bottleneck of throughput performance and hardware resource consumption. This thesis presents an efficient VLSI architecture design of BPE hardware accelerator. It takes the result of DWT module as input, and employs an interface circuitry to cope with the throughput rate of the DWT module. The interface circuitry also reorganizes the received DWT coefficients from a word-level ordering to a bit-plane level ordering, which facilitates the processing of bit-plane based encoding. Parallel and pipelined processing techniques are adopted extensively in the BPE module design to achieve the target throughput rate. In addition, a ping-pong buffer strategy is employed to meet the throughput requirement of holding the generated symbols and bit-streams. The BPE design is verified by comparing the results generated by the software simulation model and the Verilog model. Due to the data dependence in BPE generated bit streams, the verification is conducted step by step to ensure the functional correctness of each module in the BPE design. The BPE module design is implemented in a Xilinx Virtex-7 XC7VX330T FPGA device with a maximum clock frequency of 87.41 MHz. This suggests a throughput rate of processing up to 10,000 8,192-pixel-wide lines per second.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
臺大-復旦EMBA境外專班
107
Silicon Valley is a very special place. In the past decades, it has been able to successfully lead the world to every technology and market change due to its unique "innovation" ability. People can''t help but explore the real reasons behind it. The Startup Accelerator is the product of Silicon Valley’s startup ecosystem. Through special environments and business models, startups can enter commercial trials quickly and obtain investment, ultimately improving their survival rate. In the past ten years, the startup Accelerators in Silicon Valley have successfully cultivated many international "unicorns". Thus, it has become the learning object from countries and enterprises. It is hoped that by learning its business model, they will drive an endless stream of innovation-driven energy. Through literately discussions, close observations and in-depth interviews, this study analyzes the “Silicon Valley startup ecosystem” and “Startup Accelerator” from the historical context and composition framework to find out the key factors behind the success of Silicon Valley. Furthermore, through actual case analysis, this study compares the two accelerators of “Plug and Play” in Silicon Valley and “Taiwan Tech Arena” in Taiwan to explore their differences in environment and business model, and then propose the environmental and organizational challenges that the “Taiwan Tech Arena” may face. Finally, I made recommendations on the Taiwan Tech Arena, hoping that it will become a successful hub for Taiwan''s startup ecosystem and cultivate an international "unicorn" belonging to Taiwan

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals das QQDS-Magnetspektrometer für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf umfassend vorgestellt. Zusätzlich werden sowohl alle auf die Analytik Einfluss nehmenden Parameter untersucht als auch Methoden und Modelle vorgestellt, wie deren Einfluss vermieden oder rechnerisch kompensiert werden kann. Die Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeit gliedern sich in fünf Bereiche. Der Erste ist der Aufbau und die Inbetriebnahme des QQDS-Magnetspektrometers, der zugehörige Streukammer mit allen Peripheriegeräten und des eigens für die höchstauflösende elastische Rückstoßanalyse entwickelten Detektors. Sowohl das umgebaute Spektrometer als auch der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gebaute Detektor wurden speziell an experimentelle Bedingungen für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente angepasst und erstmalig auf einen routinemäßigen Einsatz hin getestet. Der Detektor besteht aus zwei Komponenten. Zum einen befindet sich am hinteren Ende des Detektors eine Bragg-Ionisationskammer, die zur Teilchenidentifikation genutzt wird. Zum anderen dient ein Proportionalzähler, der eine Hochwiderstandsanode besitzt und direkt hinter dem Eintrittsfenster montiert ist, zur Teilchenpositionsbestimmung im Detektor. Die folgenden zwei Schwerpunkte beinhalten grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung. Durch die Verwendung eines Magnetspektrometers ist die Messung der Ladungszustandsverteilung der herausgestreuten Teilchen direkt nach einem binären Stoß sowohl möglich als auch für die Analyse notwendig. Aus diesem Grund werden zum einen die Ladungszustände gemessen und zum anderen mit existierenden Modellen verglichen. Außerdem wird ein eigens entwickeltes Modell vorgestellt und erstmals im Rahmen dieser Arbeit angewendet, welches den ladungszustandsabhängigen Energieverlust bei der Tiefenprofilierung berücksichtigt. Es wird gezeigt, dass ohne die Anwendung dieses Modells die Tiefenprofile nicht mit den quantitativen Messungen mittels konventioneller Ionenstrahlanalytikmethoden und mit der Dickenmessung mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie übereinstimmen, und damit falsche Werte liefern würden. Der zweite für die Thematik wesentliche Aspekt der Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung, sind die Probenschäden und -modifikationen, die während einer Schwerionen-bestrahlung auftreten. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass bei den hier verwendeten Energien sowohl elektronisches Sputtern als auch elektronisch verursachtes Grenzflächendurchmischen eintreten. Das elektronische Sputtern kann durch geeignete Strahlparameter für die meisten Proben ausreichend minimiert werden. Dagegen ist der Einfluss der Grenzflächendurchmischung meist signifikant, so dass dieser analysiert und in der Auswertung berücksichtigt werden muss. Schlussfolgernd aus diesen Untersuchungen ergibt sich für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Rossendorfer 5-MV Tandembeschleuniger, dass die geeignetsten Primärionen Chlor mit einer Energie von 20 MeV sind. In Einzelfällen, wie zum Beispiel der Analyse von Bor, muss die Energie jedoch auf 6,5 MeV reduziert werden, um das elektronische Sputtern bei der notwendigen Fluenz unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze zu halten. Der vierte Schwerpunkt ist die Untersuchung von sowohl qualitativen als auch quantitativen Einflüssen bestimmter Probeneigenschaften, wie beispielsweise Oberflächenrauheit, auf die Form des gemessenen Energiespektrums beziehungsweise auf das analysierte Tiefenprofil. Die Kenntnis der Rauheit einer Probe an der Oberfläche und an den Grenzflächen ist für die Analytik unabdingbar. Als Resultat der genannten Betrachtungen werden die Einflüsse von Probeneigenschaften und Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkungen auf die Energie- beziehungsweise Tiefenauflösung des Gesamtsystems beschrieben, berechnet und mit der konventionellen Ionenstrahlanalytik verglichen. Die Möglichkeiten der höchstauflösenden Ionenstrahlanalytik werden zudem mit den von anderen Gruppen veröffentlichten Komplementärmethoden gegenübergestellt. Der fünfte und letzte Schwerpunkt ist die Analytik leichter Elemente in ultradünnen Schichten unter Berücksichtigung aller in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Modelle, wie die Reduzierung des Einflusses von Strahlschäden oder die Quantifizierung der Elemente im dynamischen Ladungszustandsnichtgleichgewicht. Es wird die Tiefenprofilierung von Mehrschichtsystemen, bestehend aus SiO2-Si3N4Ox-SiO2 auf Silizium, von Ultra-Shallow-Junction Bor-Implantationsprofilen und von ultradünnen Oxidschichten, wie zum Beispiel High-k-Materialien, demonstriert.
In this thesis the QQDS magnetic spectrometer that is used for high resolution ion beam analysis (IBA) of light elements at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is presented for the first time. In addition all parameters are investigated that influence the analysis. Methods and models are presented with which the effects can be minimised or calculated. There are five focal points of this thesis. The first point is the construction and commissioning of the QQDS magnetic spectrometer, the corresponding scattering chamber with all the peripherals and the detector, which is specially developed for high resolution elastic recoil detection. Both the reconstructed spectrometer and the detector were adapted to the specific experimental conditions needed for high-resolution Ion beam analysis of light elements and tested for routine practice. The detector consists of two compo-nents. At the back end of the detector a Bragg ionization chamber is mounted, which is used for the particle identification. At the front end, directly behind the entrance window a proportional counter is mounted. This proportional counter includes a high-resistance anode. Thus, the position of the particles is determined in the detector. The following two points concern fundamental studies of ion-solid interaction. By using a magnetic spectrometer the charge state distribution of the particles scattered from the sample after a binary collision is both possible and necessary for the analysis. For this reason the charge states are measured and compared with existing models. In addition, a model is developed that takes into account the charge state dependent energy loss. It is shown that without the application of this model the depth profiles do not correspond with the quantitative measurements by conventional IBA methods and with the thickness obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The second fundamental ion-solid interaction is the damage and the modification of the sample that occurs during heavy ion irradiation. It is shown that the used energies occur both electronic sputtering and electronically induced interface mixing. Electronic sputtering is minimised by using optimised beam parameters. For most samples the effect is below the detection limit for a fluence sufficient for the analysis. However, the influence of interface mixing is so strong that it has to be included in the analysis of the layers of the depth profiles. It is concluded from these studies that at the Rossendorf 5 MV tandem accelerator chlorine ions with an energy of 20 MeV deliver the best results. In some cases, such as the analysis of boron, the energy must be reduced to 6.5 MeV in order to retain the electronic sputtering below the detection limit. The fourth focus is the study of the influence of specific sample properties, such as surface roughness, on the shape of a measured energy spectra and respectively on the analysed depth profile. It is shown that knowledge of the roughness of a sample at the surface and at the interfaces for the analysis is needed. In addition, the contribution parameters limiting the depth resolution are calculated and compared with the conventional ion beam analysis. Finally, a comparison is made between the high-resolution ion beam analysis and complementary methods published by other research groups. The fifth and last focus is the analysis of light elements in ultra thin layers. All models presented in this thesis to reduce the influence of beam damage are taken into account. The dynamic non-equilibrium charge state is also included for the quantification of elements. Depth profiling of multilayer systems is demonstrated for systems consisting of SiO2-Si3N4Ox-SiO2 on silicon, boron implantation profiles for ultra shallow junctions and ultra thin oxide layers, such as used as high-k materials.