Статті в журналах: "AC electric drive"

1

STAN, MIHAIL-FLORIN, NICOLAE FIDEL, and NICOLAE VASILE. "ELECTRICAL PLATFORM FOR DRIVE OF AC ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS AND SERVOMOTORS USING FREQUENCY CONVERTERS." Journal of Science and Arts 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-21.3-c03.

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The development of industrial automation has implicitly led to the improvement of electric drive systems, especially since such installations are the most common form of conversion of electricity into mechanical energy. The electric drive can be defined and studied only if we consider the whole assembly of which it is part, such as the automation of a technological production process. This paper describes the design and practical implementation of a laboratory stand with a teaching feature. The designed stand is a study support for various applications used in the industrial area, offering the possibility of experimentation on programming and parameterization of frequency converters in the laboratory of "Electrical machines and drives" of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology at the University of Valahia from Targoviste.

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2

Fauzi, Ahmat, W. T. Handoyo, A. R. Hakim, and F. Hidayat. "Performance and Energy Consumption of Paddle Wheel Aerator Driven by Brushless DC Motor and AC Motor: A Preliminary Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012010.

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Abstract Energy demand for paddle wheel aerator in a shrimp pond is high and brings to second highest cost of operational behind feed supply. Most of wheel aerators are driven by electric motors than diesel engines as their easy operations. The electric motors need high electrical energy to drive wheel aerators along day and night. The common type of motor used is Alternating Current (AC) or induction motor, however Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor has potential electrical energy saving which need to be explored. This study objectives to find out performance of BLDC and AC motor as paddle wheel aerator driver. The motor’s performances were compared in term of operation of paddle wheel at various static loads. Both motor also challenged by On/Off running every 5 minutes, the treatment goal was to determine their reliability. Parameters observed included consumption of power, wheel rotary, torque, and efficiency, motor temperature as well. Results showed energy consumption of BLDC motor 51% lower than AC motor, and BLDC motor attained 89.99% of maximum efficiency while AC motor efficiency had 73.16%, however rotary wheel and torque both of them were similar. The On/Off treatment caused rising temperature of AC motor but did not affect the temperature of BLDC motor. Therefore, applied BLDC motor as paddle wheel aerator driver could be alternative way to reduce energy consumption without reducing its performance.

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3

Wang, Da Fang, Zhen Fei Hu, Na Li, Yi Jin, and Bo Wen Yang. "Control Strategies for AC Motor of Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1409.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been the important tendency of future vehicle development. This paper discusses the performance and features of EVs with AC drive system, and analyzes two dominating control schemes of AC motor dynamic model, i.e., Vector Control (VC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC). Principles, advantages, disadvantages, research hot spots and developing directions of the two control schemes were carefully presented. Moreover, the paper points out that the two difficulties of AC drive system are improving low-speed performance and dynamic performance.

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4

Chuprina, Nikolay, Sergey Sedykh, Aleksandr Pugachev, and Vladimir Maklakov. "SIMULATION OF AC ELECTRIC DRIVE WITH SPACE-VECTOR MODULATION ALGORITHMS." Automation and modeling in design and management, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-1-80-88.

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The relevance of investigation of induction motor electric drives with frequency converters having voltage source inverter with space-vector modulation is shown. The brief survey of researches of such matter is carried out. The aim of this article is to develop mathematical and computer model of frequency converter with space-vector modulation algorithms by means of Matlab Simulink, this model has to be implemented into the Matlab models of AC electric drives with induction and synchronous motors. To achieve such an aim, it needs to introduce techniques of electric drive theory, numerical techniques, techniques of algebraic equations system solution, techniques of computer simulation. The still two-phase framework is applied to describe the converter model. The two-level voltage source inverter is chosen for the investigation of modulation algorithms. To verify the mathematical model of space-vector modulation, the model of 5.5 kW induction motor is used. Induction motor and power switches are modelled by means of Matlab SimPowerSystems units. The results of simulation show the adequacy of the developed model in both steady state and transient modes. One can conclude the dependence of total harmonic distortion of the induction motor stator current from load torque, switching frequency of voltage source inverter’s power switches and stator current frequency for the electric drive with scalar control system.

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5

Tokarski, Tomasz, and Andrzej Gębura. "Diagnostics and Technical Status Monitoring of Electric Fuel Pumps for Aircrafts." Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afit-2013-0014.

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Abstract The paper outlines selected operational problems associated with electric fuel pumps that are indispensable to build-up positive pressure upstream the plunger pump of turbojet engines. Any failure of that electric pump may lead to suction of air into the plunger pump and eventually the engine flameout. Comparison is made between two electric drives for fuel pumps: a three phase 115/208 VG, 400 Hz AC drive and a 26V DC drive. Attention is paid to serviceability of pumps and capacities of the AFIT to diagnose and monitor technical status of electric fuel pumps.

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6

Gaiceanu, Marian. "Solution for Connecting Regenerative Electric Drive Systems to the Grid." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1003.

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In this paper the topology of the grid-connected regenerative electric drive systems (REDS) and the performances of the integral state feedback current controller of the front-end three-phase power inverter are presented. The proposed control was successfully implemented by the author on a quasi direct AC-AC converter with Proportional-Integral current controllers and the simulation test has been performed for the modified integral state feedback current controllers based on the Matlab/Simulink software. The comparative results between the actual current controller topology and that of the conventional PI current controllers of the AC-AC power converter are reported. Moreover, the solution presented in this paper adds supplementary benefits to power system besides the conventional state feedback control: the designed input filter assures zero steady state error and an adequate component is added for the dynamic rejection of the load disturbance. Because it uses the integral component, the control structure has robust capabilities to disturbance actions.

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7

HASHIZUME, Tsutomu. "AC Servo Direct Drive Wheel-in-moter Electric Wheelchair." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 105, no. 1002 (2002): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.105.1002_343.

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8

Marinin, S. A. "Comparison of the energy efficiency of ac electric freight locomotives with collector and asynchronous traction drive." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 1 (2022): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-1-57-64.

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Electric locomotives with asynchronous traction drive are operated on the Russian road network in passenger and freight traffic. The advantage of such a drive is a large specific power. At first glance, electricity consumption of an electric locomotive with asynchronous traction drive should be less than that of an electric locomotive with a collector traction drive. The same is declared by manufacturers of traction rolling stock [1, 2]. But the answer to the question which electric locomotive is more economical in freight traffic: with a collector or asynchronous traction drive? - is far from being unambiguous [3, 4, 5]. In order to determine which electric locomotives have the best energy efficiency regarding the traction drive, a comparison of electric energy costs for traction of freight trains by electric locomotives of the VL80S series with collector traction drive, operated in two- and three-section versions, and a promising two-section electric locomotive of the 2ES7 series with asynchronous traction drive was performed. The energy efficiency assessment was carried out using methods based on elements of mathematical statistics and probability theory, including estimation of the distribution parameters of the studied quantities, statistical hypothesis testing and variance analysis. This article presents the main results of the research carried out at the testing area of the Gorky Railway during the pilot operation of the 2ES7 series electric locomotive on the Druzhinino - Vekovka section.

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9

Vostrikov, Anatoliy, Evgenyi Prokhorenko, and Yuri Filushov. "Multicriteria synthesis of multidimensional control of the AC electric drive." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2018-1-39-50.

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10

Borodin, M. Yu, and V. N. Polyakov. "Optimization of modes of electric drive with generalized AC motor." Russian Electrical Engineering 80, no. 9 (September 2009): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371209090090.

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11

Valenzuela G., Matias, and M. Anibal Valenzuela. "Payload Estimation in AC Electric Mining Shovels Using Drive Signals." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 52, no. 5 (September 2016): 4470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2574775.

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12

Yau, Her Terng, Chieh Li Chen, and Ching Chang Cho. "Microfluidic Parallel Form Mixer Utilizing Chaotic Electric Field." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.449.

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The past few years, have witnessed a rapid increase in the application of microfluidic devices to chemical and biological analyses. These devices offer significant advantages over their traditional counterparts, including reduced reagent consumption, a more rapid analysis and a significant improvement in performance. Species mixing is a fundamentally important aspect of these devices since it is this mixing which generates the biochemical reactions necessary for their successful operation. Many microfluidic applications require the mixing of reagents, but efficient mixing in these laminar (i.e., low Reynolds number) systems are typically difficult. Instead of using complex geometries and/or relatively long channels, an electric field is applied to drive flow mixing in microchannels. Generally, the fluid is driven by the application of an external periodic AC electric field. However, the chaotic AC electric filed is never used to drive flow mixing in microchannels. Chaotic behavior is a very interesting nonlinear effect. In some physical systems, chaos is a beneficial feature as it enhances mixing in chemical reactions. This paper presents a numerical investigation of electrokinetically-driven flow mixing in microchannels with chaotic electric field. The simulation results show that the application of a chaotic external field enables a reduction in the mixing channel length and a high degree of mixing efficiency. It is shown that a mixing performance as high as 90% can be achieved by chaotic external electric field.

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13

Mieda, Yoshitaka, та Katsushi Furutani. "Liquid Crystal Actuator Using Nematic π-Cell". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, № 5 (20 жовтня 2007): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0524.

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We propose a liquid crystal actuator using the backflow effect in the nematic π-cell in which a unidirectional flow is generated after the electric field is removed. Applying rectangular AC voltage continuously drives dispersed objects in the π-cell in the direction of rubbing. Using this actuator, we drive microspheres and a film. The drive velocity of dispersed objects depends on the amplitude and frequency of applied voltage.

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14

Sadeghi, Zahra, Mahdi Shahparasti, Amirhossein Rajaei, and Hannu Laaksonen. "Three-Level Reduced Switch AC/DC/AC Power Conversion System for High Voltage Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031620.

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Two of the main challenges of recent electric vehicles (EVs) are the charging time and high initial cost. To solve the problem associated with long charging time, the car manufacturers are moving from 400 V battery EV (BEV) to 800 V BEV, which enables the utilization of multi-level converters in EV applications. This paper presents a power conversion system consisting of a Vienna rectifier and a two/three level hybrid inverter as a machine-side inverter to drive a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Vienna rectifier improves the quality of the grid-side current and provides a regulated DC-link voltage. The proposed inverter, known as a 10-switch inverter, offers high output current quality with a lower number of active switches, making it compact and cost-effective. The field-oriented control (FOC), along with the SPWM modulation, is implemented to control the system. A reliable and cost-effective PMSM drive system demands sensorless control; therefore, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is used to estimate the rotor position and velocity. The accuracy of the proposed system was proved through the simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink.

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15

Meshcheryakov, Victor, Dmitry Sibirtsev, and Ekaterina Mikhailova. "Mathematical Simulation of the Synchronized Asynchronous Electric Drive." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801021.

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At the end of the last century asynchronous motors with a phase rotor were most widely used among adjustable-speed AC drives. They were used for conveyors, transporters, cranes. That was due to the relative simplicity to adjust the motor speed by acting on the rotor chain. The introduction of a frequency control method in such drives is now complicated by the fact that most frequency converters are designed to be used in drives with a cage asynchronous motor. Shorting of a phase winding leads to highly increased losses during acceleration and motor speed control. If the stator winding of a wound-rotor asynchronous motor is connected to a frequency converter and the rotor winding is connected to a DC link of this converter, the motor will have properties of a synchronous one. The electric drive is able to work in a wide range, while motor characteristics are absolutely rigid. The implementation of such control method is presented in this article. The control system operation has been tested with simulation in the Matlab Simulink software pack. The obtained results are defined as follows.

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16

Dubravin, Y., V. Tkachenko, and O. Spivak. "INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE AC ELECTRIC LOKOMOTIVE TRACTION DRIVE." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-36-4.

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The study of the energy characteristics of the active traction converter with pulse-width modulation as part of the traction electric drive of an AC electric locomotive was held during the research. Active traction converter provides pulse-width control of the collector DC traction motors voltage and belongs to the basic AC / DC circuit. The transient process when switching transistor switches is accompanied by significant voltage surge, due to the scattering inductance reaction of the traction transformer. Studies have shown that the diode discharge buffer circuits do not provide discharge of the electromagnetic energy accumulated in the winding of the transformer. An active traction converter control algorithm has been developed, which implies the use of pulse-width and phase regulation of rectified voltage. Switching of transistor switches occurs in the presence of a parallel current circuit. This creates the conditions for the discharge of electromagnetic energy accumulated in the secondary winding circuit of the traction transformer. The developed mathematical model allows to investigate the electromagnetic processes that occur during the switching of transistor switches and to evaluate the energy efficiency of the electric locomotive with active traction converter. In the simulation process, the influence of active traction converter parameters and control algorithms on the power rate of the converter, the total THD distortion rate of current and voltage and the relative values of the rectified voltage were investigated. Measures to increase the power rate and to reduce the emission level of higher current harmonics into the traction network were proposed.

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17

Ahmed, Dris, Bendjebbar Mokhtar, and Belaidi Aek. "DTC-ANN-2-level hybrid by neuronal hysteresis with mechanical sensorless induction motor drive using KUBOTA observer." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp34-44.

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In this paper, DTC is applied for two-level inverter fed IM drives based on neuronal hysteresis comparators and The Direct Torque Control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drive system. However, during steady state, torque, flux and current ripple. An improvement of electric drive system can be obtained using a DTC method based on ANNs which reduces the torque and flux ripples, the estimated the rotor speed using the KUBOTA observer method based on measurements of electrical quantities of the motor. The validity of the proposed methods is confirmed by the simulation results.The THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of stator current, torque ripple and stator flux ripple are determined and compared with conventional DTC control scheme using Matlab/Simulink environment.

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18

Xingzhi, Hu. "Anti–Drag Braking Control Technology for Electric Drive Dump Truc." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.1.1108004.

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The power transmission system of electric wheel vehicle with "Power generator - diode rectifier - inverter - traction motor" can achieve part of the braking energy recycling and reduce fuel consumption through the reverse flow of energy in the downhill braking conditions. For AC - DC - AC transmission system of electric wheel vehicles. In order to achieve the engine anti-drag starting smoothly through the introduction of the theory of Engine Anti - drag Braking and the observation of the rotor frequency by external speed sensor, in addition to that zero-crossing detection phase method to achieve the stator rotating magnetic field and rotor speed synchronization purposes. Through use the rectifier inverter module to achieve energy bi-directional transmission and to achieve engine anti-drag when the vehicle goes downhill slowly. In the article, design of engine brake anti-drag control system and the establishment of anti-drag brake power calculation mathematical model, also build the anti-drag test platform of the engine to verify the control system. The experimental results show that the proposed control scheme for the start of the inverter is simple and reliable, which provides the theoretical basis and experimental data for the actual vehicle design.

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19

R, Jyothi, Tejas Holla, Umesh NS, K. Uma Rao, and Jayapal R. "Condition Monitoring and Feature Extraction of Stator Current Phasors for Enhanced Fault Diagnosis in AC Drive." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a3173.1011121.

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AC drives are employed mainly in process plants for various applications. In most industrial applications, Induction motor drives are preferred as they are robust, reliable, and efficient. Process industries have seen a paradigm shift from manual control to automatic control. Advancements in power electronics technology have led to smooth control of the induction motor using variable frequency drives over an entire speed range. Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) comprises of Voltage source inverter and a three phase squirrel cage induction motor. Various electric faults that are incipient in the VFD cause an abrupt change in circuit parameters resulting in insulation damage, reduced efficiency, and leading to catastrophic failure of the entire system. Hence, continuous monitoring of the system parameters such as stator current, speed, and the vibration of the machine is essential to diagnose incipient faults in the system. AI techniques have been effectively used in the fault diagnosis of electrical systems. In the proposed work, simulation results of machine learning-based fault diagnosis techniques are presented. Real-time IoT-based condition monitoring of the Variable Frequency Drive is also implemented for enhanced fault diagnosis of various incipient electrical faults in AC drives. The experimental results obtained are validated with the simulation data.

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20

Korshunov, G. I., E. G. Semenova, A. A. Petrushevskaya, and M. S. Smirnova. "DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL MEANS OF AUTOMATION FOR ELECTRIC DRIVE IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT." Issues of radio electronics, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-10-44-49.

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The main stages of the life cycle of electronic technical means of automation of an electric drive from the point of view of completeness of introduction of digital technologies are considered. A brief analysis of models, methods and tools is performed to achieve the effectiveness of the end-to-end digital process of development and production of programmable controllers for the electric drive. The approaches for variants formation of the basic structure of the controller, the creation of a digital model (prototype) of the controller, the provision of design taking into account the technology, the improvement of the installation of printed circuit boards on the automatic line in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0, functional control, diagnostics and testing are proposed. The step by step continuity implement of the primary digital model is suggested. The presented material is confirmed by examples of creation of programmable controllers for complete devices of AC drives used in walking excavators, crawler excavators and traction electric drives for BelAZ dump trucks.

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21

Kulinich, Yu M., S. A. Shukharev, and A. V. Gulyaev. "Increasing the energy efficiency of auxiliary machines of AC electric locomotive." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 5 (October 26, 2021): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-5-276-284.

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Currently, an asynchronous variable frequency drive based on semiconductor converters is widely used due to the relative simplicity and reliability of the design. The use of digital microprocessor systems ensures high accuracy and flexibility of drive control. On the domestic rolling stock, the widespread introduction of asynchronous motors began to replace DC traction motors with sequential excitation. In particular, scalar-controlled asynchronous motors are used on serially produced 2TE25A diesel locomotives and EP20 electric locomotives. The auxiliary asynchronous machines of these locomotives are controlled by the vector control method. The use of a new type of engine on the rolling stock makes it possible to achieve a significant increase in the quality of consumed energy and reduce the consumption of electricity for traction of trains. Ensuring the energy efficiency of the drive in a wide range of loads requires further research. In this regard, the issue of saving energy resources becomes very urgent. The article proposes a vector control scheme for asynchronous motors of auxiliary machines of an electric locomotive, which implements an extreme method of control according to the criterion of minimizing the consumed current. The analysis of the engine operation is carried out based on its mathematical model in a rotating coordinate system d — q, which is implemented in the MatLab/Simulink software package. As a result of simulation modeling, it was found that the extreme control system with a variable step allows for each fixed value of the electromagnetic moment of the motor in the minimum time to find the optimal (extreme) value of the magnetic flux of the motor rotor, which corresponds to the minimum value of the stator current. The developed model of the motor with vector control is supplemented with an extreme regulator device, which allows achieving the best energy performance of the motor and reducing electrical losses in all operating modes with a minimum search time. The presented research results can be used in the development of energy-saving control systems for an asynchronous motor.

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22

Yan, Nan Ming, Yu Nan Zhang, and Nian Yu Li. "Research on Control System for Multi-Wheel Independent Electric Drive." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2539.

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To meet the special requirements of battlefield, a 4×4 hybrid electric drive scheme based on 1-ton military wheel vehicle is proposed, it consists of engine-generator sets, electric power converter, battery and AC (alternate current) motors, and the corresponding matching calculation of its main components is implemented in this paper. On this basis, a distributed electric drive control system based on CAN bus network is also developed. The control system not only realizes electric differential function when vehicle is steering, but also provides with three different kinds of driving modes. Experiment results of prototype vehicle prove that what studied in this paper not only satisfy requirement such as strong mobility and multi-function, but also be reliable.

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23

DeGaspari, John. "Power Moves." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 05 (May 1, 1999): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-may-5.

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This article discusses developments in electric motors and drives that are boosting efficiency, simplifying setup, and cutting costs. New drives offer compact designs and simplified installation, and start-up. An inexpensive controller for single-phase ac induction motors has been developed by Anacon Systems Inc. of Springfield, Montana. The controller is targeted to a huge installed base of fan, pump, and compressor motors. The company also has introduced a Smartcom series of motor controllers specifically designed for residential and light commercial Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications. New products currently under development by Anacon Systems will extend the range of offerings to cover power ranges up to 2 hp. The company also plans to offer controllers for three-phase motors. A new energy-efficient integrated ac drive/motor, combining plug-and-play installation and compact design, has been introduced by ABB Drives & Power Products of New Berlin, Wisconsin. The new drive has power cables at the bottom rather than on the side. The drive's compact size allows it to fit into many retrofit spaces and frees up panel space that would be occupied by a larger drive, according to ABB.

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24

Hetmańczyk, Mariusz Piotr. "The Reliability Model of AC-Asynchronous Drive Based on the Multilevel Prognosis System Supported by Matrices and Digraphs Methods." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.85.

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Author of this article presents an authorship reliability model of a AC-asynchronous drive written in accordance with assumptions of the multilevel prognosis system based on matrices and digraphs methods. Described model take advantage of knowledge gathered from specialists on the basis of their experience. It is worth to stress that parameters of the reliability model of the AC-drive meet the requirements of units utilized in case of distributed drives. Each change of its application range requires a modification of internal parameters, but the functional structure remains without any variations, because presented reliability model has been based on the functional structure. An intention of the author is focused on an elaboration of a collection of reliability models [ of distributed drives components, prepared in accordance with the multilevel system of prognosis based on matrices and digraphs methods. The model has been specified to the level of the independent subsystem. This approach allows the use of this model in the analysis of complex systems, consisting of separated drive subsystems, which meet the requirements of the method. Using multilevel prediction models should be possible in all applications of electric drives, regardless of purpose functions.

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25

Zhang, Chuan Wei, Ying Ying Wan, Rui Fang Zhang, and Zong Hu Xi. "Modeling of Drive System for Trackless Rubber Tyre Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.43.

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Owing to harmful gas emissions and high accident rate of diesel engine in the coal mine trackless auxiliary transport, the spring of trackless rubber tyre electric vehicle powered by the battery pack comes. This paper considers the drive system to improve the performance of the electric vehicle. In order to adapt to the complex environment of coal mine, the analysis of basic structure for trackless rubber tyre electric vehicle was based on the three-phase AC induction motor. After elaborating the vector control theory of induction motor, the field-oriented vector control system model of trackless rubber tyre electric vehicle drive system with induction motor rotor was built in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation shows that the proposed control algorithm permits the drive system to achieve good steady and dynamic performance.

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26

Yakushev, Aleksey, and Ekaterina Oparina. "The study of electromagnetic processes in electric traction drive of AC locomotive." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (2019): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2019-4-53-68.

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27

Loh, W. K., and A. C. Renfrew. "Optimised microelectronic power control of an AC drive for an electric vehicle." IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 133, no. 4 (1986): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1986.0039.

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28

Yang, Yongming, Hemeng Peng, and Quandi Wang. "High-frequency equivalent model of AC motor for electric vehicle drive system." International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 5, no. 2 (2013): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2013.056304.

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Khrebtova, O., N. Zachepa, A. Nekrasov, and A. Onishchenko. "DIRECTIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF SYSTEMS OF TWO-MOTOR ELECTRIC DRIVE OF AC." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University 2 (April 28, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.2.112-117.

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Y. Vasilev, Bogdan. "The Study Methods of Increase Efficiency Algorithms Pulse width Modulation in AC Electric Drives." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.11322.

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<p>In the paper describes the AC electric drive, which consists of the induction motor and the semiconductor converter. Structure of the frequency converter, which includes a three-phase bridge inverter on based fully controlled transistors, is considered. The algorithm of pulse width modulation, which used in the majority of the electric drives, is discussed. The characteristics and shortcomings of the algorithm is shows. Algorithmically methods to improve the efficiency of the inverter – promodulation control signal. The efficiency of this method in different variations is given. The level electromagnetic compatibility inverter and efficiency various control algorithms are analyzed. The conclusions about feasibility of using the method promodulation.</p>

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31

Y. Vasilev, Bogdan. "The Study Methods of Increase Efficiency Algorithms Pulse width Modulation in AC Electric Drives." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2855-2862.

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<p>In the paper describes the AC electric drive, which consists of the induction motor and the semiconductor converter. Structure of the frequency converter, which includes a three-phase bridge inverter on based fully controlled transistors, is considered. The algorithm of pulse width modulation, which used in the majority of the electric drives, is discussed. The characteristics and shortcomings of the algorithm is shows. Algorithmically methods to improve the efficiency of the inverter – promodulation control signal. The efficiency of this method in different variations is given. The level electromagnetic compatibility inverter and efficiency various control algorithms are analyzed. The conclusions about feasibility of using the method promodulation.</p>

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32

Gaona-Cárdenas, Luis-Fernando, Nimrod Vázquez-Nava, Omar-Fernando Ruíz-Martínez, Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, Alejandro-Israel Barranco-Gutiérrez, and Martín-Antonio Rodríguez-Licea. "An Overview on Fault Management for Electric Vehicle Onboard Chargers." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071107.

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Onboard charging systems (OBCs) convert AC power from an external charging source into a DC voltage used to charge the battery pack of an electric vehicle (EV). OBCs are versatile since they can convert energy from almost every AC source, including standard household electrical receptacles, without needing wall chargers or charging stations. Since the same motor-drive electronics are reconfigured for onboard charging, weight and cost barely increase. However, the power quality and reliability of the OBCs are essential elements for proper grid interconnection. This article reviews the failures of power electronic converters that can be used for onboard charging and their most prominent fault-tolerance techniques. The various fault-tolerance methods are evaluated and compared in terms of complexity, cost, and performance to provide insights for future developments and research directions.

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Sangshin Kwak, Taehyung Kim, and Gwangmin Park. "Phase-Redundant-Based Reliable Direct AC/AC Converter Drive for Series Hybrid Off-Highway Heavy Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 59, no. 6 (July 2010): 2674–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2050792.

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Ariwibowo, Didik. "AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL." Gema Teknologi 16, no. 3 (February 6, 2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v16i3.4710.

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Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

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Goolak, Sergey, Viktor Tkachenko, Gintautas Bureika, and Gediminas Vaičiūnas. "METHOD OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF TRACTION CURRENT OF AC ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES." Transport 35, no. 6 (January 21, 2021): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14242.

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An improved method for spectral analysis of traction current of an Alternating Current (AC) electric locomotive is considered in the article. A new method of spectral analysis considers the change in voltage in the catenary system as a non-deterministic, non-ergodic and non-Gaussian process. It has been established that higher voltage harmonics in the catenary system have a significant negative effect on the operation of non-traction railway consumers of electricity. In addition, electric locomotives operating in the same feeder zone have a mutual influence on each other. Electric railway transport is a source of higher voltage harmonics and strongly distorts the shape of the sinusoidal voltage of the catenary system, which are caused by the higher spectral components of the current in the electric locomotive traction drive circuit. These spectral components of the traction current arise in the traction drive circuit due to the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristics of the electronic devices of an electric locomotive, for example, a contact rectifier, a capacitor circuit of traction motors. Reactive power compensators are used in electric locomotives to eliminate components of higher harmonic traction current in the catenary system. Traditionally, spectral analysis in such systems is performed using Fourier methods. However, the determination of the spectral components of the traction current by the Fourier method for constructing a control system for a reactive power compensator is possible only if the process of voltage variation is a deterministic or ergodic Gaussian process. Otherwise, the application of Fourier transform methods will be incorrect. An analysis of the factors that affect voltage changes in the catenary system showed that this process is significantly different from the ergodic Gaussian process. Such factors include the following: the operating mode of the electric locomotives; number and total capacity of electric locomotives in one feeder zone; electric locomotives passing through feeder zones; instability of collection current. Thus, in the case under consideration, the application of the Fourier methods is incorrect for the analysis of the spectral components of the traction current. This affects the quality of compensation of the higher harmonic components of the traction current, and in some cases, the unstable operation of the control system of the active part of the reactive power compensator. Proposed scientific approach is based on the Levinson–Durbin linear prediction algorithm. On the one hand, this allows adapting the control system of the compensator to the voltage parameters of the catenary system. On the other hand, this allows taking into account the operating modes of electric rail vehicle with reactive power compensation. The construction of a compensator control system using the Levinson–Durbin algorithm significantly simplifies thensynchronization scheme of the compensator and power circuits of the traction electric drive of AC electric locomotive. A comparison of the traditional method of spectral analysis, based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the method, based on the Levinson–Durbin algorithm, proposed by the authors, showed the high efficiency of the latter.

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Kechkin, Aleksei Olegovich, Aleksandr Sergeevich Plekhov, and Oleg Stanislavovich Khvatov. "Improving efficiency of dredger electric power system." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-1-50-57.

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Most river dredgers are equipped with several electric positioning drives, a soil pump electric drive and a hydraulic washing pump. The listed electric drives are the main consumers of electricity from the dredger diesel generators. It is necessary to change the structure of the ship electric power network in order to reduce fuel consumption by diesel generators. The energy characteristics of the dredger electric drive system with a different configuration of the converter equipment are determined. Simulation models of the dredger DC and AC power systems have been developed. The models were built using MATLAB Simulink software and SimPowerSystem library. Application of simulation models made it possible to assess the efficiency of using a DC bus in the power system of the dredger. The circuits of the dredger electric power system, electric drives of cross-dredging winches are illustrated. The operation modes of electric drives of cross-dredging winches are analyzed. The necessity of analyzing the operation of electric drives and of developing the control signals for the braking resistors of the frequency converter in the power control system is revealed. The parameters of the presented electric drives and their values are considered. The expressions for calculating the total power of the system nodes are given, taking into account the characteristics of the operating modes of the dredger electric drives based on an alternating current network. Using the developed version of the power system contributes to saving capital costs and specific fuel consumption. Modernization of the power system helps reduce the power of diesel generators, increase the efficiency of the system and reduce the power of the ventilation system of compartments with winch frequency converters, due to regenerative braking by the electric drives.

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37

Vysotsky, Vitaly, Igor Markov, and Yuri Matveev. "Synthesis of a Scalar Automatic Control System of a Valve Engine with Field Control for a Rowing Electric Installation with an Azipod Propulsion and Steering System." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 6 (2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-6-29-35.

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The article deals with the main trends in the development of marine automatic AC electric drive systems. A variant of the implementation of an electric drive using an electromechanical converter of a synchronous machine with electromagnetic field excitation is presented. A promising electric drive system with a valve engine for the icebreaker's with the Azipod propulsion and steering system is proposed. The aim of the work is to eliminate the structural complexity and expand the functional capabilities of the electric drive by using a scalar automatic control system of the frequency of rotation in the two-zone control of the valve motor of the EPS. The novelty lies in the use of the approach and representation of the control object-a valve motor as an analog of a DC collector motor controlled by an armature and by a field. The analysis of control processes is directly related to the processes of electromechanical energy conversion occurring in a synchronous machine.

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38

Meshcheryakov, V. N., D. S. Sibirtsev, S. Valtchev, and E. I. Gracheva. "Control system for a frequency synchronized asynchronous electric drive." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-131-141.

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THE PURPOSE. In controlled AC drives used on continuous-action mechanisms, which include conveyors, conveyors, cranes, the most widespread are asynchronous motors with a phase rotor, controlled mainly along the rotor circuit using various regulators with low energy efficiency. To improve the energy efficiency of an electric drive based on ADFR, it is proposed to develop a control system that combines the principles of frequency control of the motor along the stator circuit and powering the rotor circuit with constant voltage, which allows the electric drive to be considered synchronized. METHODS. The presence of a DC link in the frequency converter makes it possible in principle to connect the rotor winding in series to this link. However, in order to ensure the frequency principle of regulating the output characteristics of the electric drive, it will be necessary to regulate the rectified current at the input of the inverter and, accordingly, in the rotor windings, which will require a significant change in the standard control system of the frequency converter. The use of an additional adjustable switch in the DC link is proposed. RESULTS. The study of the proposed non-standard control system for a frequency asynchronous synchronized electric drive was carried out by the method of simulation modeling in the Matlab Simulink software package. CONCLUSION. A control system for a frequency asynchronous synchronized electric drive has been developed and investigated on a computer model. A correction system is proposed that allows maintaining a constant value of the load angle in the starting mode. The scalar system of relay frequency control of the electric drive is supplemented with vector correction of the variables, which makes it possible to continuously provide the necessary mutual orientation of the stator current vectors and the rotor flux linkage.

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Meshcheryakov, V. N., D. S. Sibirtsev, S. Valtchev, and E. I. Gracheva. "Control system for a frequency synchronized asynchronous electric drive." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-116-126.

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Анотація:

THE PURPOSE. In controlled AC drives used on continuous-action mechanisms, which include conveyors, conveyors, cranes, the most widespread are asynchronous motors with a phase rotor, controlled mainly along the rotor circuit using various regulators with low energy efficiency. To improve the energy efficiency of an electric drive based on ADFR, it is proposed to develop a control system that combines the principles of frequency control of the motor along the stator circuit and powering the rotor circuit with constant voltage, which allows the electric drive to be considered synchronized. METHODS. The presence of a DC link in the frequency converter makes it possible in principle to connect the rotor winding in series to this link. However, in order to ensure the frequency principle of regulating the output characteristics of the electric drive, it will be necessary to regulate the rectified current at the input of the inverter and, accordingly, in the rotor windings, which will require a significant change in the standard control system of the frequency converter. The use of an additional adjustable switch in the DC link is proposed. RESULTS. The study of the proposed non-standard control system for a frequency asynchronous synchronized electric drive was carried out by the method of simulation modeling in the Matlab Simulink software package. CONCLUSION. A control system for a frequency asynchronous synchronized electric drive has been developed and investigated on a computer model. A correction system is proposed that allows maintaining a constant value of the load angle in the starting mode. The scalar system of relay frequency control of the electric drive is supplemented with vector correction of the variables, which makes it possible to continuously provide the necessary mutual orientation of the stator current vectors and the rotor flux linkage.

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Goolak, Sergey, Viktor Tkachenko, Pavol Šťastniak, Svitlana Sapronova, and Borys Liubarskyi. "Analysis of Control Methods for the Traction Drive of an Alternating Current Electric Locomotive." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010150.

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The analysis of operating conditions of traction drives of electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors has been carried out. It was found that during operation in the output converter of an asynchronous motor, defects may occur, which leads to asymmetric modes of its operation. Models of a traction drive of an electric locomotive with asynchronous motors with scalar and vector control of the output converter are proposed, taking into account asymmetric operating modes. As a result of the simulation, the starting characteristics of the traction drive were obtained for various control methods both in normal and emergency modes of the drive. For the drive-in emergency mode, the following cases were investigated: the balance of the converter output voltages and the turn-to-turn circuit of 10% of phase A winding of the motor stator; imbalance of the output voltages of the inverter and an intact motor; imbalance of the output voltages of the converter and interturn short circuit of 10% of phase A winding of the motor stator. Comparison of the simulation results have shown that in emergency modes in the traction drive, the torque ripple on the motor shaft in the drive with vector control is 13% less, and in scalar control, the phase current unbalance coefficient is 22% less. The results of this work can be used to study the influence of the output converter control methods on the energy efficiency indicators of the traction drive of an AC electric locomotive.

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Astashkov, N. P., V. A. Olentsevich, Yu I. Karlina, B. O. Kuznetsov, and N. A. Kuznetsova. "A technical solution for increasing the reliability of the phase-splitters of AC electric locomotives." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012011.

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Abstract Russian Railways OAO is developing a program of the expansion of the Eastern polygon until 2030, the modernization of the transport infrastructure of which is the most important task for the economic and political development of the country. In the near future it is planned to complete the drawing up of a detailed planning schedule of the main stages of construction and parameters of reconstruction of the infrastructure of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian railway. This will not only help to expand access to the markets of the Asia-Pacific region, but will also provide an opportunity to draw more income through an international transit East – West route. The tasks of increasing the reliability of electric rolling stock are brought to the forefront. The implementation of these tasks will reduce the cost of operating and repairing technological equipment. The development of technical means compatible with power supply systems and taking into account the operating conditions of electrical equipment is an urgent task. Power supply of auxiliary machines on all domestic electric locomotives is carried out without the stabilization of the voltage value and balance. At the same time, in order to ensure the reliability of the electric drive motors themselves when operating in the entire range of supply voltage variation, their rated power is increased by 25-50%. Therefore, auxiliary machines on all domestic electric locomotives of alternating current have increased overall dimensions and weight, but the circuit design of the drive system is simple and is presented in the article.

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42

Li, Yin Ying. "A Novel Design of a Hybrid Electronic Vehicle Based on Programmable Logic Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.864.

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This paper is to review the research trend of Hybrid Electronic Vehicle (HEV) and present a novel design of a HEV based on programmable logic controller (PLC).Since a hybrid vehicle can be at one of five status: Pure Electric Drive, Pure Engine Drive, Parallel Drive, Engine Drive and Electric Power Generation, and Brake for Energy Feedback, this paper presents a design of a HEV controlled by PLC which is to optimize the energy flow according to the vehicle status and the AC permanent magnet synchronous motor. This research is based on anovel design on the transmission system including dual-clutch, transmission control box and planet-gear structure. Switching between the five statuses is automatically controlled by a PLC using the information from the transducers.

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Круглова, Татьяна, and Tat'yana Kruglova. "STUDY OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ELECTRIC DRIVE UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5ca1f6347299b0.43047357.

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The main elements of the process equipment are DC and AC motors that largely determine its reliability and efficiency of operation. The constant monitoring of technical condition by methods of technical diagnostics allows a significant extension of equipment life and reduces financial costs. To implement this approach, specialized methods are required. They allow to determine the technical condition of DC and AC motors with a high degree of reliability, distinguishing their faulty state from changing the operating mode. Diagnostics should be performed in the mode of equipment operation; therefore, the use of complex measuring devices is not permissible. This article presents the results of search studies of diagnosis method that meets the above-mentioned requirements. Current, voltage and vibration are selected as diagnostic parameters. It is proposed to analyze them by the wavelet transform. As a result of numerous experiments, the relationship between changes in the wavelet transform coefficients on characteristic scales has been established. This allows to determine the technical condition of the electric motor and the mode of its load, on the basis of which a diagnostic method has been developed using neural networks.

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44

Stein, J. L., and Churn-Hway Wang. "Analysis of Power Monitoring on AC Induction Drive Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896131.

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The performance of AC induction motor drive systems as torque sensors is evaluated. Their potential for monitoring tool wear or breakage as well as machine component failure is discussed. A bond graph model of the motor and drive train is developed to determine the relation between electric motor power consumption and the applied torques and to identify the machine components that dominate this dynamic relation. The model, as applied to a CNC milling machine spindle system, shows (1) that the rotor input power is linearly related to both static and dynamic cutting torques under normal process conditions and (2) that the static sensitivity of the spindle system as a sensor increases and the bandwidth of the sensor decreases as the spindle speed is increased. The sensitivity and bandwidth changes are due to changes in system parameters caused by altering the gear ratios between the motor and spindle. Experiments show that the signal-to-noise ratio is affected by the motor torque vibration induced by a geometric irregularity in the drive belt. The vibration, however, does not affect the bandwidth of the sensor system. Power monitoring appears to be a viable torque sensing technique.

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45

Sumarsono, Danardono Agus, Ghany Heryana, Mohammad Adhitya, Nazaruddin, and Rolan Siregar. "Performance Analysis of a Main Drive Motor—Initial Study of an EV Modeling Software Design." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040246.

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This study aimed to determine and analyze the performance of an electric motor installed in a small city car, which was an internal combustion engine (ICE) car with manual transmission and front-wheel drive converted into an electric vehicle. A manual transmission vehicle was used, considering its type is the cheapest. This was to push aside the perception that electric cars are not accessible to the lower classes. Another technical matter was the focus on the power and torque performance of the electric motor and the transmission. A 7.5 KW three-phase induction motor was installed and assembled with 200 AH 76.8 VDC batteries. Electronic power steering (EPS) and the air conditioner (AC) were not operated, while power for the electrical accessories and power analyzer was obtained from a separate 12 VDC battery. Vehicle analysis focused on the power consumption, which was measured and acquired using a power analyzer. The vehicle was driven in real terms with three passengers. GPS was also used to determine the vehicle position and collect elevation data during testing. The derivatives of the GPS data were the speed, acceleration, and distance traveled by the vehicle. The initial hypothesis was that the car could cover a distance of 30 km with regular usage.

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46

Ilie, C. O., L. Barothi, M. Marinescu, and I. T. Giurgiu. "Aspects of electric transmission implementation on a battle tank." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1220, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1220/1/012017.

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Abstract In the paper, a high performance electric transmission designed for heavy military vehicles is presented. The power source is a 1300 hp gas turbine and a 200 hp supercharged diesel engine. Both engines drive a synchronous generator. The electric current supplied by the generator is rectified. Each sprocket is mounted on the output shaft of a gearbox driven by an asynchronous electric motor. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) inverter control AC motors in a separate way to achieve dynamic performance. Diesel engine alone is used for driving on paved roads with speeds of up to 15 km/h with low fuel consumption. Gas turbine and diesel engine are automatically coupled to the generator to reach the maximum torque and dynamic performances. The tank can thus reach a maximum speed of 70 km/h.

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Terashima, Masayuki, Tadashi Ashikaga, Takayuki Mizuno, Takahiko Yamamoto, Kazuo Natori, and Noboru Fujiwara. "AC Drive System with 4 In-Wheel Motor for High Performance Electric Vehicle." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 114, no. 1 (1994): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.114.33.

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Orlov, Yu A. "Control of traction drive with motors with independent excitation in AC electric locomotives." Russian Electrical Engineering 81, no. 3 (March 2010): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371210030065.

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49

INAGUMA, YUKIO. "Latest Trend of AC Drive Technologies for Industrial Applications. Electric Vehicles(Hybrid Vehicles)." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 121, no. 7 (2001): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.121.448.

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Rao, Anand, and Slobodan Mircevski. "Possibilities for Energy Saving Predictions in Elevators." Power Electronics and Drives 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2021-0013.

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Abstract Today, with the longing for smart and sustainable transportation, the elevator industry has undergone major metamorphism in the field of control algorithm, electric drive, and the motor. Amongst these, regenerative drive (RD) plays a pivotal role in making elevator technology more energy efficient. Rather than wasting the recovery energy from the machine as heat, RD recovers it as green energy. Conventional direct current (DC) motors ruled the elevator industry for many years and were adopted as standard type of elevator motors. But with the advancement in electric drive technology, alternating current (AC) motors, especially induction motors, flourished in the later part. Recently with the introduction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) technology, the elevator revolution began in terms of power quality, ride quality, and green energy. Likewise, contrasted with different types of vertical transportation machines, PMSMs have better powerful execution, compact size, and higher system-level efficiency. Recently, with the rapid improvement in intensity hardware, utilization of rare earth magnetic materials, and indubitably advanced research, PMSM has rapidly changed systems globally. PMSM is a multivariable, nonlinear, and high-coupling framework. The torque and stator current present a unique capacity connection. Attractive fields can be decoupled to gain decent power outcomes. With the presentation of regenerative PMSM, electrical drives coupled to system integrated frameworks for recovery energy has enhanced savings in power consumptions.

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