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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Levchenko, Alexey O., Nikolay N. Ustinovskii, and Vladimir D. Zvorykin. "Novel technique for transient absorption probing." Journal of Russian Laser Research 31, no. 5 (September 2010): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-010-9169-8.

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2

KIMURA, Yasuo, Ko-ichiro MIYAMTO, and Michio NIWANO. "Infrared Absorption Spectroscopic Technique for Biosensing." Hyomen Kagaku 28, no. 5 (2007): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.28.283.

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3

Ardiani, Septia, Handika Rahmayanti, and Nurul Akmalia. "The Study of Paper Capillarity with a Simple Technique." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v8i1.55.

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Анотація:

The study of water absorption by capillarity on paper with a simple technique is simple but important to do to inform the public about the characteristics of paper and for the development of research on the absorption of different types of paper. In this study, five types of paper were used, namely HVS paper, cardboard, tissue paper, concord paper and buffalo paper. In the capillary water absorption test on paper, the physical quantities analyzed are the water absorption, the absorption time and the water absorption rate. The capillarity of the paper is a comparison of the rate of water absorption by the paper which is analyzed using the straight line movement approach. The value of water absorption is estimated using the ratio between the height of water absorption and the time absorption. Based on the results of the capillary test on paper, it was found that the water absorption height for the five types of paper increases with increasing absorption time. The highest water absorption capacity is tissue paper, which is 7.4 ± 0.2 cm every 180 seconds. While the lowest water absorption capillarity is HVS paper which is 0.5 ± 0.1 cm at the 180th second. Cardstock and buffalo paper have almost the same water absorption value and are higher than HVS paper and match. The absorption speed which is almost the same between cardboard and buffalo paper is due to the fact that both belong to the same type of paper, namely printing paper.

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4

Strocchi, Alessandra, and Michael D. Levitt. "Measurement of starch absorption in humans." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-015.

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Although starch provides a large fraction of human caloric intake, there is limited information concerning the efficiency of intestinal absorption of this nutrient. Owing to the fermentation of starch by colonic bacteria, there is no quantitative test for starch absorption comparable to the fecal fat determination. The most accurate estimation of starch absorption has been obtained by intubating the terminal ileum and aspirating ileal contents following ingestion of a meal containing starch plus a nonabsorbable marker. Starch absorption is calculated from the ratio of starch:marker in the ileal aspirate relative to the ratio in the meal. Disadvantages of the technique are the requirement for ileal intubation and the possible adverse effect of intubation on the absorptive process. A more widely used technique to assess starch absorption involves measurement of breath hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion of starch. Malabsorbed starch is fermented by colonic bacteria with liberation of H2 that is absorbed and excreted in expired air. This test is simple and noninvasive and can provide quantitative measurements of starch malabsorption. Application of this technique has demonstrated that 5–10% of starch in wheat, potatoes, and corn is not absorbed by healthy subjects, while rice starch is nearly completely absorbed.Key words: starch, absorption, hydrogen, breath test, malabsorption.

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5

Rayson, Gary D., and Daniel Y. Shen. "Inductively coupled plasma axial viewing absorption technique." Analytical Chemistry 62, no. 13 (July 1990): 1239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00212a009.

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6

Ferreira, Sergio L. C., Marcos A. Bezerra, Adilson S. Santos, Walter N. L. dos Santos, Cleber G. Novaes, Olivia M. C. de Oliveira, Michael L. Oliveira, and Rui L. Garcia. "Atomic absorption spectrometry – A multi element technique." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 100 (March 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.012.

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7

Kurtoǧlu, Arzu, and A. Beril Tuǧrul. "Gold analysis by the gamma absorption technique." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 58, no. 1 (January 2003): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00237-3.

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8

Hao, Honggang, Min Rao, and Ao Zhou. "Analysis on absolute measurement of optical coating absorption loss based on photothermal detuning technique." Chinese Optics Letters 11, S1 (2013): S10306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s10306.

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9

Thorman, Sofia, Göran Ström, Anni Hagberg, and Per-Åke Johansson. "Uniformity of liquid absorption by coatings - Technique and impact of coating composition." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p459-465.

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Анотація:

Abstract The interaction between a liquid and a paper surface is important for a number of paper treatment processes, where absorption is of special significance during printing. Many absorption measurement techniques use a large available volume of liquid to characterise absorption, when compared to the volume of the coating. The uniformity of the absorption is also seldom characterised. We have developed a new technique, which is presented in this article, to study the uniformity of absorption of a small amount of liquid. This technique is based on the short-time absorption (tenth of a second) of a coloured liquid, the blotting of excess liquid and a characterisation of the pattern of the stain. This method made it possible to detect differences among coating layers with different compositions. In many cases, the absorption non-uniformity could be linked to variations in the coating thickness and/or wettability. The thinner and thicker areas of the coating layers were interpreted as having different pore structures. Neither the coating thickness nor the wettability could provide a full explanation, which showed the need to develop a method to characterise absorption uniformity instead of only relying on measuring the total absorption potential.

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10

Keefe, C. Dale, and Jason K. Pearson. "New Technique for Determining the Optical Constants of Liquids." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171626.

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Анотація:

The traditional techniques of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy for determining the optical constants of liquids are not practical or reliable for very strong absorption bands. Specular reflectance can be used in these cases, but for volatile liquids it is impossible to separate the reflectance spectrum of the liquid from the absorption spectrum of the vapor above the liquid. Methods using special cells have been described in the literature to prevent the liquid from evaporating. In this paper, a similar technique that makes use of traditional transmission cells is presented. It is shown that this new technique generates k(ν˜) spectra for strong absorption bands that are accurate to approximately 2%.

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11

Afzal, Fakhira, Hafeez Ullah, Muhamad Amjad, Munir Akhtar, Mujahid Iqbal Shah, Zahida Batool, Aalia Nazir, Ghulam Gilanie, and Shaista Habib. "Detection of Uric Acid in UV-VIS wavelength Regime." JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jn.v4i1.71.

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Background: Current techniques for uric acid (UA) detection are time consuming and therefore, need to improve the detection methods like absorption. Objective: There was a need to establish a technique that has low integration time for detection of UA using absorption technology. Methods: we measured the concentrations of UA using the ultra violet visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometer in the wavelength regime (190-1100 nm). Results and Conclusion: In this work, the proposed spectroscopic technique can detect each concentration and interpret into an absorption value in a constant UV/Vis regime. This technique acquires the data in ~ 3 seconds (a quick integration time). Our phantom showed a close value as reported in the text.

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12

Sheng, Xiao-Yang, K. Michael Hambidge, Leland V. Miller, Jamie E. Westcott, Sian Lei, and Nancy F. Krebs. "Measurement of Zinc Absorption From Meals: Comparison of Extrinsic Zinc Labeling and Independent Measurements of Dietary Zinc Absorption." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 79, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.79.4.230.

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Background: Extrinsic labeling techniques are typically used to measure fractional absorption of zinc (FAZextrinsic) but none have been adequately evaluated. Objective: To compare determination of the quantity of zinc absorbed (TAZextrinisic) using measurements of FAZextrinsic with results of simultaneous determinations of dietary zinc absorbed (TAZmetabolic) that are not dependent on labeling ingested food with an extrinsic tracer (modified metabolic balance technique). Design: 70Zn was administered orally with all meals for 6 consecutive days to 21 healthy, free-living adult women consuming a constant diet. 68Zn and 67Zn were administered intravenously. FAZextrinsic was measured using a dual isotope tracer ratio technique and multiplied by dietary zinc to give TAZextrinsic. TAZmetabolic was determined by addition of net absorption of zinc and endogenous fecal zinc, the latter determined by an isotope dilution technique. Results: TAZextrinsic and TAZnetabolic were 3.0 ± 1.1 mg/day and 3.1 ± 1.1 mg/day respectively, paired t-test p = 0.492. The correlation coefficient for TAZextrinsic and TAZmetabolic was 0.91, and for FAZextrinsic and FAZmetabolic was 0.95. A Bland Altman analysis indicated a bias of 0.07, and the limits of agreement of -0.86 to 1.01 for TAZextrinsic and TAZmetabolic. Conclusion: These results from two independent methods provide reasonable validation of our extrinsic labeling technique for a wide range of composite diets.

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13

Nelson, Peter L. "Personality Trait Absorption: An Exploratory Study of Opportunity and Capacity in Relation to Cannabis Use." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 15, no. 1 (September 1995): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttd8-89pe-jnvw-ab5n.

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Although the Tellegen Absorption Scale has been widely employed in recent years as a measure of personality Trait Absorption, it is argued that this simple score does not sufficiently discriminate true capacity for Absorption nor does it reveal the level of opportunity made for absorptive experiencing. This study operationalizes Capacity and Opportunity as two additional subscales appended to the Tellegen scale and, by employing the technique of Principal Components Analysis, five useful sub-dimensions are generated. Following on from this Author's earlier suggestion that personality Trait Absorption may be linked to cannabis use and depression, an exploratory study was conducted into the relationship of cannabis use, gender, self-perceived motivation loss and depression to observed levels of overall Absorption as well as to levels of Capacity and Opportunity for absorptive experiencing.

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14

Herron, J. R., and R. B. Peterson. "Optical Determination of Stagnation Temperature Behind a Gas Sampling Orifice." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910480.

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A technique has been developed for measuring the temperature during a transient combustion event. It combines the features of atomic resonance absorption and direct sampling to produce a relatively simple, intrusive diagnostic technique to obtain time-resolved measurements. In this study, a propagating hydrogen/air flame was used to provide a rapid temperature increase. A small fraction of krypton was added to the reactants and the absorption of resonant radiation at 123.5 nm was recorded downstream of the sampling orifice within a flow tube. Conversion from absorption measurements to temperature values was performed using a computer model of the radiation source and the absorption by the sample. The model of the source was validated by comparing predicted and recorded spectra of hydrogen Lyman-α emissions, while the absorption model for the sampled gas was tested by comparing the temperatures predicted by krypton absorption measurements with those recorded at a range of known temperatures. The direct sampling atomic resonance technique minimizes time-history distortions inherent in other direct sampling techniques, and is capable of tracking local temperatures during the passage of a propagating flame front.

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15

Wang, Jiu Long. "Study on a Methane and Acetylene Spectrum Absorption Mode Gas Sensor with Optical Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2903.

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The gas monitor with optical fiber is developed in this paper based on the principle that the absorption light changes with gas intensity under absorptive peak wavelength. The LED of driving light source is selected by the absorptive peak wavelength of measured gas. The light source driving circuit with the different frequency is used to detect the varied gas in real time. The techniques of phase-sensitive detected and ratio between measured signal and reference signal is used to ensure measurement accuracy. The examination system chooses low loss 50cm-long quartz optical fiber as long distance transmitting channel. The light source adopts low power pulse modulation semiconductor LED. 50cm-long absorption gas room is used to ensure measurement sensitivity. The system adopts the technique to carry out scheme combining optical fiber sensing technique with computer data handling technique. Uniting sensing light signal and stimulating light power transfer and measured parameter sensing, the advantages of optical fiber system, micro-electron electric circuit and computer compatibility can be sufficiently realized. The entire measurement system can attain light, the engine and electricity integration, and realize multi-parameter and multi-function. The experiment result of methane and acetylene intensity indicates that the system has higher detected sensitivity and detected accuracy. The system is not only used to detect the methane and acetylene intensity, but also to detect other gas intensity under a little structure parameter change.

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16

Adelman-Larsen, Niels W. "Real case measurements of inflatable membranes absorption technique." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4899620.

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17

OZAWA, YASUO, TOMOHIRO YAMAHIRA, and TANEKAZU NADAI. "A new technique for in vivo percutaneous absorption." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 5 (1987): 2114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.2114.

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18

Pouryousefi, Fatemeh, and Raphael O. Idem. "New Analytical Technique for Carbon Dioxide Absorption Solvents." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 4 (February 2008): 1268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0709786.

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19

Miller, L. L., and R. A. Jacobson. "A self-consistent semi-empirical absorption correction technique." Computers & Chemistry 13, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8485(89)80021-x.

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20

Ling, Yan, and Fang Lu. "Technique to detect two-photon absorption in Si." Applied Physics Letters 91, no. 6 (August 6, 2007): 062116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2769943.

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21

Jensen, Pablo. "Deconvolution of CPM absorption spectra: A new technique." Solid State Communications 76, no. 11 (December 1990): 1301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(90)90580-5.

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22

Olgac, N., and B. T. Holm-Hansen. "A Novel Active Vibration Absorption Technique: Delayed Resonator." Journal of Sound and Vibration 176, no. 1 (September 1994): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1360.

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23

Kierzkowska-Pawlak, Hanna, and Roman Zarzycki. "A Novel Experimental Technique of Physical Absorption Studies." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 73, no. 6 (June 2001): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2640(200106)73:6<684::aid-cite6841111>3.0.co;2-c.

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24

Mezher, Wameedh Mohammed, Adel Ahmed Awadh, and Ahmed Abed Mohammed. "Solar Powered Air-Conditioning Using Absorption Refrigeration Technique." Journal of Engineering 20, no. 10 (July 9, 2023): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.10.04.

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The present work includes design, construction and operates of a prototype solar absorption refrigeration system, using methanol as a refrigerant to avoid any refrigerant that cause global warming and greenhouse effect. Flat plate collector was used because it’s easy, ninexpensive and efficient. Many test runs (more than 50) were carried out on the system from May to October, 2013; the main results were taken between the period of July 15, 2013 to August 15, 2013 to find the maximum C.O.P, cooling, temperature and pressure of the system. The system demonstrates a maximum generator temperature of 93.5 oC, on July 18, 2013 at 2:30 pm, and the average mean generator temperature Tgavr was 74.7 °C, for this period. The maximum pressure Pg obtained was 2.25 bar on July 19, 2013 at 2:00 pm. The current system shows cooling capacity of 0.15 ton with coefficient of performance of 0.48, and minimum evaporator temperature obtained was 14.2oC. A comparison of the present with previous works, showed that most of the previous work used ammonia as the main refrigerant, and even that used methanol it was as aqua methanol, or to be part of pair refrigerant, while the present work use the methanol as the main and the only refrigerant in the system. The results and the factors that provided by the current work, give a good understanding for using the methanol as a refrigerant with the solar absorption system. And the system can work in continuous operation cycle. This work gave fundamental understanding for designing solar refrigeration system, by using the results of present study to design air-conditioning unit, with one ton capacity, using the solar energy, and the methanol as a refrigerant.

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25

Reza Ghorbani, Hamid, Hossein Pazoki, and Ali Shokuhi Rad. "Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Biological Technique." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2488.

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ABSTRACT: The development of synthesis routes for oxide nanoparticles is a matter of considerable topical attention. Green synthesis of nanoparticles with the help of microorganisms as reducing agents is an efficient, cost effective, fast and eco-friendly in nature. This paper presents a simple technique to synthesize magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. In this routine, an aqueous solution of ferrous and ferric salts was mixed with Magnetospirillum and heated for 10 minutes at 70℃. UV–vis absorption spectra, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to illustrate the form process and explain the structure of the magnetite nanoparticles. UV–Vis absorption spectrum showed surface plasmon resonance absorption bands about 240 nm that confirmed magnetite nanoparticles existence. We obtain magnetite nanoparticles of size 42±20 nm after separation and washing procedures by dynamic light scattering (DLS).

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26

Kastenmayer, Peter, Lena Davidsson, Pilar Galanz, Françise Cherouvrier, Serge Hercberg, and Richard F. Hurrell. "A double stable isotope technique for measuring iron absorption in infants." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 3 (March 1994): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940148.

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A stable isotope technique has been developed which uses 57Fe and 58Fe as labels and which enables the simultaneous measurement of Fe absorption from two test meals in infants. The method was evaluated by measuring Fe absorption from a commercial whey-adjusted infant formula in nine healthy infants aged 13–25 weeks. Each infant was fed 210 ml formula, labelled with either 57Fe or 58Fe, on four consecutive mornings, in random order. The total Fe content in each feed was 2.5 mg Fe; either as 2.5 mg 57Fe, or 0 6 mg 58Fe plus 1.9 mg Fe with normal isotopic composition. Isotopic enrichment of Fe in erythrocytes was measured by thermal ionization mass spectrometry 14 d after the last administration, and Fe absorption was calculated based on isotope ratio shifts, total circulating Fe and intake of each isotope. Geometric mean absorption for the 57Fe and 58Fe labels was 6.72 and 658% respectively, and the absorption of the two isotopes was not significantly different (Student's paired t test). By this technique, paired comparisons of Fe absorption can be obtained and systematic studies of the influence of dietary factors on Fe absorption during infancy can he conducted.

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27

Warang, Trupti N., K. U. Joshi, and D. C. Kothari. "Silicon Nanocluster Prepared Using Ion Beam Mixing Technique." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an11.

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In this work, we present the results of modification of absorption band gap of Silicon nanoclusters (Si-nc) prepared by ion beam mixing on pre-irradiated fused silica. 30keV Ar+ ions at fluences of 5 × 1016 to 4 × 1017 cm−2 were used to create defects in fused silica glass before introducing Si atoms in the substrate. Si was introduced in the substrates by ion beam mixing using 30keV Ar+ ions at fluence 1 × 1017 cm−2. From UV-Vis absorption spectra, band-gap of Si-nc has been determined for samples prepared at different ion beam-mixing parameters. The absorption edge shifts towards higher energies and size of the silicon nanoclusters decreases with an increase in ion beam fluence used for pre-mixing irradiation.

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28

Mohammed, Abdul Moiz. "Elemental Analysis Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 7 (November 18, 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2021.6.7.2639.

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The resonance radiation study is a powerful means in obtaining valuable information concerning the behavior of individual atoms and molecules. Various quantitative techniques are available in order to determine the amount of analyte and analysis of trace elements in the sample. Some technique uses the principle, when the number of atoms in the path of light increases, the amount of light absorption increases. While other techniques use dissociation of chemical compound free atoms by supplying enough thermal energy. In this paper, an attempt is made to compare various analytical methods with their merits and demerits and the reasons for popularity of atomic absorption spectroscopy among researchers. Elemental analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy of various elements that are found in nature particularly in foods and environment is also presented.

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29

Mohammed, Abdul Moiz. "Elemental Analysis Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 7 (November 18, 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.7.2639.

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Анотація:

The resonance radiation study is a powerful means in obtaining valuable information concerning the behavior of individual atoms and molecules. Various quantitative techniques are available in order to determine the amount of analyte and analysis of trace elements in the sample. Some technique uses the principle, when the number of atoms in the path of light increases, the amount of light absorption increases. While other techniques use dissociation of chemical compound free atoms by supplying enough thermal energy. In this paper, an attempt is made to compare various analytical methods with their merits and demerits and the reasons for popularity of atomic absorption spectroscopy among researchers. Elemental analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy of various elements that are found in nature particularly in foods and environment is also presented.

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30

Zhang, Junyu, Yijia Li, Joel Leja, Katherine E. Whitaker, Angelos Nersesian, Rachel Bezanson, and Arjen van der Wel. "A Simple Spectroscopic Technique to Identify Rejuvenating Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 952, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd84a.

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Abstract Rejuvenating galaxies are unusual galaxies that fully quench and then subsequently experience a “rejuvenation” event to become star-forming once more. Rejuvenation rates vary substantially in models of galaxy formation: 10%–70% of massive galaxies are expected to experience rejuvenation by z = 0. Measuring the rate of rejuvenation is therefore important for calibrating the strength of star-formation feedback mechanisms. However, these observations are challenging because rejuvenating systems blend in with normal star-forming galaxies in broadband photometry. In this paper, we use the galaxy spectral energy distribution-fitting code Prospector to search for observational markers that distinguish normal star-forming galaxies from rejuvenating galaxies. We find that rejuvenating galaxies have smaller Balmer absorption line equivalent widths (EWs) than normal star-forming galaxies. This is analogous to the well-known “K+A” or post-starburst galaxies, which have strong Balmer absorption due to A-stars dominating the light: in this case, rejuvenating systems have a lack of A-stars, instead resembling “O—A” systems. We find star-forming galaxies that have Hβ, Hγ, and/or Hδ absorption EWs ≲3 Å corresponds to a highly pure selection of rejuvenating systems. Interestingly, while this technique is highly effective at identifying mild rejuvenation, “strongly” rejuvenating systems remain nearly indistinguishable from star-forming galaxies due to the well-known stellar outshining effect. We conclude that measuring Balmer absorption line EWs in star-forming galaxy populations is an efficient method to identify rejuvenating populations, and discuss several techniques to either remove or resolve the nebular emission which typically lies on top of these absorption lines.

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31

Ouyang, Qiuyun, Hailong Yu, Kai Zhang, and Yujin Chen. "Saturable absorption and the changeover from saturable absorption to reverse saturable absorption of MoS2 nanoflake array films." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 31 (2014): 6319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00909f.

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Анотація:

MoS₂ nanoflake array films on different glass substrates were fabricated by an in situ growth method. The nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties of the MoS₂ nanoflake array films were investigated by an open-aperture Z-scan technique. The films exhibited different NLA properties dependent on the input energy.

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32

Lamb, D. W., Y. Bunganaen, J. Louis, G. A. Woolsey, R. Oliver, and G. White. "Fibre evanescent field absorption (FEFA): an optical fibre technique for measuring light absorption in turbid water samples." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 5 (2004): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03133.

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An optical fibre technique for measuring the absorption of water-borne pigment in the present of significant suspended sediment concentration has been evaluated. Based on the absorption of the evanescent field of light propagating down a single glass (silica) fibre, the fibre evanescent field absorption (FEFA) technique has been demonstrated to be approximately 10-fold less sensitive to absorbing species than traditional bulk absorption methods. However, unlike traditional optical absorption measurements, the FEFA technique is insensitive to scattering by the suspended particles for particle concentrations expected in typical inland waters. A simple calculation estimates that this insensitivity persists for sediment concentrations up to 2000-fold those expected in Australian inland rivers. In addition to experimental results, a discussion of the potential operational use of this technique in measuring optical absorption properties of water containing suspended sediment is presented.

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33

Thomas, R. L., and L. D. Favro. "From Photoacoustic Microscopy to Thermal-Wave Imaging." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 10 (October 1996): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003164x.

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a technique in which the absorption of periodically intensity-modulated light is detected by the sound that it produces at the (acoustic) modulation frequency in a closed volume of gas or liquid in thermal contact with the material absorbing the light. The spectroscopic aspect of the technique relies on the ability to scan the wavelength of the light that stimulates the sound. Thus one can determine the absorption as a function of wavelength through the conversion of absorbed energy to heat and thence to sound. The acoustic detection is carried out synchronously with respect to the imposed intensity-modulation frequency on the light, making it possible to use narrow-band noise reduction. The existence of this technique for detecting sound generated by the absorption of light led Wong and co-workers to investigate the possibility of using the same techniques for microscopy.

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34

McAuley, David, Alistair C. Dick, and Annie Paterson. "Peritoneography in the Assessment of Peritoneal Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption Potential for Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter Placement: Technical Case Report." Neurosurgery 49, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 1267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200111000-00050.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure has been associated with absorption failure secondary to previous peritonitis. This assumption has caused surgeons to seek alternate sites for distal catheter placement. We propose that the absorptive potential of the peritoneal cavity should be assessed before that site is discounted for catheter placement. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The case of a 14-month-old male patient is presented, demonstrating multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement procedures and a diagnostic dilemma with respect to distal shunt placement. Peritoneography was performed to demonstrate peritoneal fluid absorption, allowing subsequent placement of a new distal shunt catheter with good clinical results. TECHNIQUE Using aseptic technique, a 24-gauge spinal needle was inserted in the midline of the abdomen and water-soluble contrast material was instilled. Delayed radiographs delineated peritoneal adhesions and demonstrated renal excretion of the contrast material, confirming peritoneal absorption. CONCLUSION The peritoneal cavity remains the site of choice for distal shunt catheter placement. If failure of peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid absorption is suspected as a cause of shunt failure, then peritoneography with water-soluble contrast material may be safely used to demonstrate the adequacy of fluid absorption before a secondary site is chosen.

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35

Hassouni, Majid H., Khudheir A. Mishjil, Sami S. Chiad, and Nadir F. Habubi. "Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Optical Properties of Mg Doped CdO Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 16 (September 2013): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.16.26.

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Thin films of CdO and 9% Mg doped CdO doped have been prepared using spray pyrolysis technique. Transmission and absorption spectra were recorded in order to estimate these films. The deposited thin films were exposed to γ - rays. We have studied the transmission, absorptions and absorption coefficient as a function of photon energy before and after irradiation. The optical constants such as: reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity were calculated also.

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36

Hassouni, Majid H., Khudheir A. Mishjil, Sami S. Chiad, and Nadir F. Habubi. "Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Optical Properties of Mg Doped CdO Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 16 (August 5, 2013): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-z599o7.

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Анотація:

Thin films of CdO and 9% Mg doped CdO doped have been prepared using spray pyrolysis technique. Transmission and absorption spectra were recorded in order to estimate these films. The deposited thin films were exposed to γ - rays. We have studied the transmission, absorptions and absorption coefficient as a function of photon energy before and after irradiation. The optical constants such as: reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity were calculated also.

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37

Gharibshahi, Elham, Shahidan Radiman, Ahmadreza Ashraf, Elias Saion, Leila Gharibshahi, and Sina Ashraf. "Simulation and Synthesis of Cobalt (Co) Nanoparticles by Gamma Radiation Technique." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (July 6, 2023): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071383.

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Cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized using the gamma radiolytic technique, and the particle size was found to be reduced from 12±1 to 7±1 nm by increasing the dose from 10 to 60 kGy. The UV-visible absorption spectra were measured and exhibited a steady absorption maxima at 517 nm in the UV region, which blue-shifted toward a lower wavelength with a decrease in particle size. By taking the conduction electrons of an isolated particle that are not entirely free but are instead bound to their respective quantum levels, the optical absorption of the cobalt nanoparticles can be calculated and simulated via intra-band quantum excitation for particle sizes comparable to the measured ones. We found that the simulated absorption maxima of electronic excitations corresponded to the measured absorption maxima. Moreover, the structural characterizations were performed utilizing dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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38

Lin, Jia Horng, Chia Chang Lin, Chao Chiung Huang, Ching Wen Lin, Kuan Hsun Su, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique of Sound-Absorbent PET/TPU Composites." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1968.

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Five testing matrixes were prepared to test with sound absorption, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity respectively. The low-melting-point (low-Tm) polyester (PET) fibers were blended with weight ratios (10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt %) with PET staples, forming the PET nonwoven fabrics. The thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was thermal bounded with the nonwoven fabrics with different lamination number to examine the sound absorption rate, creating the PET/ TPU composites. Afterward, four sets of samples – PET nonwoven fabrics and PET/ TPU composites with TPU films laminated on the front, in the middle, and on the rear of the composites, were compared. PET/ TPU composite with TPU film laminated in the middle exhibited the optimum sound absorption; moreover, 30 wt% was proved to be the optimum parameter of the low-Tm PET fibers for the PET/ TPU composites.

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39

THOMAS, ROSE LEENA, VASUJA, MISHA HARI, B. NITHYAJA, S. MATHEW, I. REJEENA, SHEENU THOMAS, V. P. N. NAMPOORI, and P. RADHAKRISHNAN. "OPTICAL LIMITING IN TeO2–ZnO GLASS FROM Z-SCAN TECHNIQUE." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 20, no. 03 (September 2011): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863511006133.

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TeO 2– ZnO glasses were prepared by conventional melting procedure, and their optical properties were determined. In the present work, we measured the optical non-linearity of the glass. The measurement was carried out using a single beam z-scan technique given by Sheike Bahe et al. We could observe that the material exhibits reverse saturable absorption, and the effective nonlinear absorption coefficients are numerically evaluated. This study is important in identifying the nonlinear material as a Reverse Saturable Absorption (RSA) based optical limiter.

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40

Lin, Jia Horng, Chia Chang Lin, Chao Chiung Huang, Ching Wen Lin, You Cheng Liao, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluation of Sound Absorption Composite Planks." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1933.

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In this study, the basic material for sound absorption was porous nonwoven made of polyester nonwoven and low-melting polyester fiber. Nonwoven was then attached with foam polyurethane as composite plank for sound absorption and sound isolation. We used two microphone impedance tube for sound absorption test and INSTRON 5566 mechanical testing machine for tensile test. The optimum sound absorption coefficients as 0.67 ± 0.008 was obtained when density of foam polyurethane was 1.0 Kg/㎥ with thickness of 20 mm; Polyester (PET) nonwoven were laminated with 9 layers in a total thickness of 10 mm; and its low-melting polyester fiber was 30 wt%. The composite plank obtained the maximum fracture stress when it contained low-melting-point (low-Tm) PET fiber at 30~40 wt%. The results of this study could be applied in the partitions inside ships, vehicles or buildings.

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41

Lima, A. N. C., M. A. R. Miranda, and J. M. Sasaki. "X-ray diffraction in superabsorbing crystals: absorption intrinsic width." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319009732.

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The several mathematical formulations of X-ray diffraction theory facilitate its understanding and use as a materials characterization technique, since one can opt for the simplest formulation that adequately describes the case being studied. As synchrotrons advance, new techniques are developed and there is a need for simple formulations to describe them. One of these techniques is soft resonant X-ray diffraction, in which the X-rays suffer large attenuation due to absorption. In this work, an expression is derived for the X-ray diffraction profiles of reflections where the linear absorption is far greater than primary extinction; in other words, the crystal is superabsorbing. The case is considered of a parallel plate crystal, for which the diffraction profile of the superabsorbing crystal is computed as a function of crystal size normal to the diffraction planes. For thin crystals or those with negligible absorption, the diffraction profile of a superabsorbing crystal coincides with the result of the kinematical theory. For thick crystals, the absorption intrinsic profile is obtained, described by a Lorentzian function and characterized by the absorption intrinsic width. This absorption intrinsic width is proportional to the linear absorption coefficient and its expression is similar to that for the Darwin width, while the absorption intrinsic profile is a special case of the Laue dynamical theory, and it is similar to the Ornstein–Zernike Lorentzian. The formulation of X-ray diffraction of superabsorbing crystals is simple and provides new perspectives for the soft resonant X-ray diffraction technique.

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42

Jacobson, Mark Z. "A Refined Method of Parameterizing Absorption Coefficients among Multiple Gases Simultaneously from Line-by-Line Data." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3372.1.

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Abstract An extension of the correlated-k distribution method that uses spectral-mapping techniques was derived to parameterize line-by-line absorption coefficients for multiple gases simultaneously for use in three-dimensional atmospheric models. In a variation from previous correlation techniques, this technique ensures exact correlation of absorption frequencies within a probability interval for all gases through all layers of the atmosphere when multiple gases are considered. The technique is physical since, in reality, gases are correlated in wavelength space. The technique, referred to as the “multiple-absorber correlated-k distribution spectral-mapping method,” was found to be accurate to <0.7% of incident radiation for 16 probability intervals per wavelength interval, integrated over 0.4–1000-μm wavelengths and accounting for 11 absorbing gases simultaneously and multiple layers, compared with an exact line-by-line solution. A method was also derived to reduce the number of probability intervals required for a radiative transfer solution without suffering the same inaccuracy as merely reducing the number of probability intervals when parameterizing the absorption coefficient. The new coefficients were tested in a global model, and results were compared with mean thermal-IR irradiance data.

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43

LI Chun-fang, 李春芳. "Computerized Tomography Technique Based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 39, no. 6 (2010): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20103906.1010.

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44

ZHANG Xuan, 张翾, 陶邦一 TAO Bang-yi, and 何贤强 HE Xian-qiang. "Data Processing Technique for Hyperspectral Absorption and Attenuation Meter." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 39, s1 (2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb201039s1.0059.

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45

Masscheleyn, P. H., R. D. Delaune, and W. H. Patrick. "A Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Technique for Arsenic Speciation." Journal of Environmental Quality 20, no. 1 (January 1991): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000010015x.

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46

Machizawa, Kenji, Koichi Takenaka, Yoichi Hirata, Youichi Kosugi, Noriyuki Ohnaka, and Masayuki Itagaki. "Performance Recovery Technique by Chemical Cleanimg in Absorption Refrigerator." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 56, no. 4 (2007): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.56.165.

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47

Sun, H. C., and E. A. Whittaker. "Novel étalon fringe rejection technique for laser absorption spectroscopy." Applied Optics 31, no. 24 (August 20, 1992): 4998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.004998.

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48

Tamai, N., T. Asahi, and H. Masuhara. "Femtosecond transient absorption microspectrophotometer combined with optical trapping technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 9 (September 1993): 2496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143910.

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49

Fiegel, Robert P., Paul B. Hays, and Wayne M. Wright. "Photoacoustic technique for the measurement of absorption line profiles." Applied Optics 28, no. 7 (April 1, 1989): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.28.001401.

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50

Ariel, V., V. Garber, G. Bahir, S. Krishnamurthy, and A. Sher. "Monitoring HgCdTe layer uniformity by the differential absorption technique." Applied Physics Letters 69, no. 13 (September 23, 1996): 1864–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117459.

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