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1
Zuev, A. V., V. A. Chistyakov, and V. A. Rozhkov. "A cylindrical model of an absolutely black body of lanthanum chromite." Measurement Techniques 53, no. 1 (April 23, 2010): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-010-9460-7.
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2
Smetyukhova, T. N., E. A. Vysotina, D. O. Monakhov, S. K. Sigalayev, V. E. Arkhipov, and A. V. Okotrub. "Study of Vertically Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Array for an Absolutely Black Body." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 12, no. 5 (September 2021): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075113321050385.
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3
Smetyukhova, T. N., E. A. Vysotina, D. O. Monakhov, S. K. Sigalayev, V. E. Arkhipov, and A. V. Okotrub. "Study of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes array for an absolutely black body." Perspektivnye Materialy 4 (2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-4-19-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An array of vertically oriented multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VOMWCNT), obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a silicon substrate without preliminary catalyst deposition, has been comprehensively investigated. The synthesis was carried out for 30 minutes in the reactor of a carbon nanotube synthesis unit under conditions of decomposition of the reaction mixture (ferrocene in heptane) at a temperature of 800 °C at a carrier gas flow rate of 200 ml/min. The structure and geometric characteristics of the array’s carbon nanotubes were determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The spectral coefficient of diffuse reflection (SDR) into the hemisphere in the wavelength range from 5,0 to 15,0 μm was determined. From the obtained experimental data, it was found that the emissivity (absorption coefficient) of an array of carbon nanotubes with a height of (230 – 250) μm is 0,98 – 0,99 in the spectral range from 5,0 to 13,7 μm and 0,975 – 0,995 in the range from 13,7 to 15,0 μm. Such a VOMWCNT array can be used to develop an absolutely black body with a high absorption coefficient and small mass and size characteristics, which is used for calibrating spacecraft’s infrared spectrometers.
4
Amosov, Andrey. "Nonstationary Radiative–Conductive Heat Transfer Problem in a Semitransparent Body with Absolutely Black Inclusions." Mathematics 9, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9131471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper is devoted to a nonstationary initial–boundary value problem governing complex heat exchange in a convex semitransparent body containing several absolutely black inclusions. The existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to this problem are proven herein. In addition, the stability of solutions with respect to data, a comparison theorem and the results of improving the properties of solutions with an increase in the summability of the data were established. All results are global in terms of time and data.
5
Ikhsan, Muhamad. "Habbatussauda dalam Peningkatan Imun di Masa Covid-19." Jurnal Riset Agama 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jra.v1i1.14252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to discuss the hadith of Black Seed as an alternative in increasing immunity during the Covid-19 period. This research uses a qualitative approach through literature study by applying the method of takhrij hadith and syarah hadith. The interpretation is used to analyze contemporary issues. The results of the research and discussion show that the hadith about Black Seed as one of the authentic quality herbal treatments according to takhrij reviews so that it can be practiced as an Islamic argument. While the syarah of this hadith shows that Black Seed is used for the treatment of various diseases, moreover it is very useful for increasing one's body immunity, however this Black Seed also cannot absolutely be interpreted to treat all diseases, especially Covid-19, further research is needed on this matter. The conclusion of this study is that the hadith about Black Seed is maqbul for herbal treatment, but with the right rules and doses and it is even better if it is under the supervision of the relevant experts, namely health experts.
6
Amosov, Andrey. "Unique solvability of a stationary radiative‐conductive heat transfer problem in a system consisting of an absolutely black body and several semitransparent bodies." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 44, no. 13 (May 10, 2021): 10703–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.7439.
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7
Дедков, Г. В., та А. А. Кясов. "Тепловое излучение абсолютно черного тела, движущегося в равновесном газе фотонов". Журнал технической физики 91, № 7 (2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.07.50947.343-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamics, kinetics of heat transfer and the intensity of thermal radiation of an absolutely black body with its own temperature T1 moving at an arbitrary speed in an equilibrium gas of photons with its own temperature T2 independent of time are considered. Formulas are obtained for the spectral-angular and total radiation intensity, as well as for other quantities in the rest frame of the body and in the frame of reference of the photon gas. It is shown that at the initial moment the radiation intensity of spherical and disk-shaped particles of the same radius depends differently on the speed of motion and the ratio of temperatures T1 and T2. Then a quasi-stationary thermal state of bodies is established with an effective temperature depending on the velocity and temperature T2, the intensity of thermal radiation does not depend on the shape, and the kinetic energy is transformed into radiation. The characteristic time for the establishment of a quasi-stationary state is many orders of magnitude shorter than the characteristic deceleration time.
8
Ghoshal, Suniti K. "Formulation of a more realistic quantum equation for rectifying the hidden flaws in Planck's black body equation." Physics Essays 33, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.1.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A thorough investigation of the Planck's black-body radiation reveals several potential flaws. It is found that Planck's final formula suffers from a serious dimensional discrepancy. While it relates to the spectral energy density of the black body radiation, the measured experimental data correspond to the spectral power density. It is shown that Planck's final formula is better written, <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:math> where <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:math> is power with units <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the quantum of energy with units <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> (numerically equals to Planck's constant, <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:math> ), and <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the frequency of the quantum oscillator with units <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> . It is shown that a simple modification in the Planck's black-body radiation formula brought about by replacing “ <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:math> ” by “ <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:math> ” in it could make it absolutely free from any flaws and discrepancies.
9
Barsukov, I. A., V. V. Boldyrev, M. I. Gavrilov, G. E. Evseev, A. N. Egorov, P. A. Il’gasov, V. Yu Pantsov, et al. "Satellite Microwave Radiometry for Earth Remote Sensing." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 8, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2021.8.1.11.23.
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The issues of development of the direction of satellite microwave radiometry in Russia in the interests of operational meteorology and oceanography are considered. The analysis of the current state of Russian and foreign radiometric ERS equipment in the microwave range is carried out. The technical characteristics of onboard multichannel microwave radiometers, combining the functions of a scanner and a sounder, are analyzed. The issues of metrological support of microwave measurements of equipment installed on Russian satellites of the Meteor-M series are considered. The original method of internal calibration of the MTVZA-GYA microwave scanner/sounding device is analyzed in detail in order to form the antenna temperature scale. The MTVZA-GYA calibration unit measures the radiation intensity of two matched loads with known brightness temperatures (“hot” and “cold”). An on-board calibrator is used as a “hot” load, it serves as an imitator of an absolutely black body, its brightness temperature of which is in the range of 240–300 K. Absolute (external) calibration is a transition from antenna to brightness temperatures and is performed using high-precision radiation calculations for specially selected natural testing sites. The issues of preliminary processing of MTVZA-GYA data are considered and examples of microwave images of the Earth in the scale of brightness temperatures are given.
10
Theocharous, E., N. P. Fox, V. I. Sapritsky, S. N. Mekhontsev, and S. P. Morozova. "Absolute measurements of black-body emitted radiance." Metrologia 35, no. 4 (August 1998): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/35/4/58.
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11
Kuz’michev, A. V., D. А. Tikhomirov, and A. V. Khimenko. "Comparative Analysis of Methods for Calculating Radiant Heating of Young Animals in Livestock Premises." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2022-16-1-10-18.
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The effectiveness of engineering systems at livestock enterprises is shown to be determined by the possibility of creating the required conditions where young animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of their habitat. (Research purpose) The research aims to evaluate and choose a rational method for calculating radiant heat transfer in a system of surfaces with an arbitrary configuration that reflect the state of a biological object in a livestock room and the distribution of heat flows in the areas where young animals are located. (Materials and methods) The authors considered the conditions of a comfortable thermal regime for young animals and a physical model of animal heat transfer with the environment. The use of various methods for calculating heat transfer helped to determine the areas of change in the radiation panel temperature and the influence of the configuration and the system shell optical characteristics when creating comfortable conditions for keeping piglets. (Results and discussion) It was established that the computational model of heat transfer in a system of isothermal diffusely absorbing and radiating surfaces can be considered as an extension of existing computational methods. The model takes into account additional impact factors, including the influence of "hidden" surfaces through multiple reflections in a closed thermodynamic system. There is consistency between the results of heat transfer calculations by various methods, under the assumption that the system shell optical parameters are close to the characteristics of absolutely black body. (Conclusions) It was revealed that the system shell optical characteristics have a significant impact on the temperature regime of the irradiation panel surface, and the proposed computational model for determining the heated panel temperature regime in a system of isothermal diffusely absorbing and radiating surfaces can be applied to a wide range of agricultural premises of various configurations and geometries.
12
Shalniev, Oleksii, Volodymyr Shilan, and Cyril Shilan. "Death from poisoning of snake venom, as a result of a viper’s bite." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2016.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aspect of poisoning after a black adder’s bite can be very various (from the absence of clinical picture of poisoning to the mortal case) and unforeseeable in its progress. Poison of black adder is more toxic in comparison with Orsini’s viper, the death after a black adder’s bite comes approximately in 1% cases. Unpredictability of consequences of such bite depends on such objective factors as: weight of the injured person’s body (the reaction is more severe for children); state of health (presence of co¬existing diseases); places of bite (the most dangerous bites are considered in head or neck and discovering of poison in cutaneous vein); size of snake (the larger snake has more poison); amount of the entered poison (a viper produces a poison gradually, and if a poison is used by it recently, a bite can be absolutely safe «dry bite». In the spring time the viper’s venom is more toxic than in the summer time. Composition of the viper’s venom contains the enzyme components, winch form a clinical aspect of poisoning substantially by these poisons, The proteases of vipers’ poison cause the local damage of tissues, zonal hemorrhoidal edema, myonecrosis, as well as have fibrogenic, fibrinolytic, coagulating and bradykinin liberatoral actions. The proteolytic enzymes of poisons can be divided into two groups: serine proteases and metalloproteases.
Serine proteases are thermolabile endopeptidases, having a kind of action similar to thrombin enzymes of takininogenases. The second group of proteases of the snake venom contains thermolabile proteins, which hydrolyze protein substrates (casein, haemoglobin, insulin etc.). Activity of these metal!oproteases appears in the presence of bivalent metals.
In this case a citizen A., born in 1938, asked for medical assistance to the district hospital on May 3, 2016 at 15.20 with complaints of pain in the left lower limb in the place of a bite, a pain at the back of a breastbone, general weakness, dizziness, nausea, common cold. She considers itself as diseased woman during about two hours, when she was bitten by the unknown animal (snake) during work on a vegetable garden. She felt a sharp pain in the left foot. She was examined by a doctor: on the dorsum of the left foot there is the «place of a bite» with a diameter of 0,2 cm. A foot was swollen, hyperaemic, and hot. The size of hypodermic haematoma is 7x5 cm. The patient has unstable hemodynamics, permanent nausea. Antitoxic therapy, antishock therapy, hormonal preparations, preparations against vomit were assigned for the patient. Biological death of the patient came at 4 hours. It is necessary to note, that in her lifetime the patient had an ischemic heart trouble, hypertensive illness. At carrying out of medical and legal expertise of dead body, at external investigation it was discovered: hypodermic hemorrhage of violet color, oval form, with the size of 17x11 cm on the dorsum of the left foot, on a background the edema of soft tissues, from fingers to the limit of bottom third of the left shin. On a background the above mentioned hypodermic hemorrhage in the projection of instep bone of the first finger of the left foot on a back-internal surface it is discovered a two wounds of the rounded form with even edges, having a diameter of 0,2 cm, spread to wound canals. A liquid flows from the clearance of wounds of dark-red blood . At dissection of soft tissues, muscles were saturated with a blood, divided into layers. It is discovered a liquid blood in layers.
At internal research there were signs of rapid death coming (head cerebral and lungs edema, hyperemia of the inward parts of the body, dark-red blood in the cavities of heart and large vessels, hemorrhages of dark-red colour under the pleura of lungs and epicardium of heart).
Results of histological research: imposition of blood on an epidermis, hemorrhagein all layers of derma and to the hypodermic-fatty cellulose in soft tissues in the area of a bite, consisting of partly laky red corpuscles. Leukostasis in vein, dissection and homogenization of vascular walls, edema and homogenization of tissue. In kidneys on a background of anaemia of cork substance it is discovered the centre of venous plethora of tissue, erythrocytic sludged blood in venules, albuminous degeneration of the twisted channels. It is discovered the irregular blood filling of tissues. Taking into account macro- and microscopic picture of changes in organs and tissues, circumstances of the case it may be concluded that the victim’s death occurred from the action of the snake’s venom.
13
Levashenko, G. I., N. V. Mazaev, and S. L. Shuralev. "Model of absolute black body for calibration of filter spectrometers." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 53, no. 2 (August 1990): 897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00659409.
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Evlagin, V. G., L. N. Skorykh, and E. G. Evlagina. "Prospects of using silkworm biomass in sheep feeding." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 8 (May 20, 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2108-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the increase of consumption of food products by the population, especially of animal origin, the need of the livestock industry including sheep breeding for high-quality feed from an ecological point of view also increases. Recently, insects have received a lot of attention as a source of feed protein in the diet of farm animals. This is evidenced by numerous studies on the nutritional value and use of larvae of Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), Green-bottle fly (Lucilia Caesar), House fly (Musca domestica), meal worm (Tenebrio molitor), silkworms (Bombyx mori), and crickets (Gryllusbi maculatus) as food for farm animals. It is well known from foreign literature sources about the use of additive from silkworm pupae in the ration of sheep, as well as meal from crickets as the source of protein in the diet of lambs. The silkworm is a monophage eats in only at the caterpillar stage absorbing and accumulating the necessary nutrients and water from the mulberry leaves. The analysis of the works of foreign authors shows that the protein content in the silkworm caterpillars depending on the breed ranges from 63,02 to 67,99 %. However, the analysis of the content of the main nutrients in the section of silkworm breeds as well as the age of the caterpillars was not carried out in the works of domestic scientists. This research presents data on the nutrient content and metabolic energy in silkworm caterpillars by age depending on the breed for further development of the feed additive from silkworm biomass and its use in sheep breeding. In the course of the conducted research, the following results have been obtained. So, at the end of the 4th age on average the caterpillars have a body length of 4,5–5,0 cm, the weight of one caterpillar is 0,6–0,7 g. The largest size and weight are the caterpillars on 10 days of the 5th age; their body length on average for the studied breeds was 8,0–8,5 cm, the weight of one caterpillar was 4,5–5,5 g. The optimal stage of development of silkworm caterpillars for the production of feed additive is 10 days in the 5th age. During this period the caterpillars of the studied breeds Kavkaz-1, Kavkaz-2, Belokokonnaya-1, Belokokonnaya-2 contain protein from 62,71 to 66,55 %, fat from 14,81 to 16,95 %, fi ber from 2,36 to 2,81 %, ash 4,39–3,96 % and nitrogen-free extractive substances 9,31–15,81 % in absolutely dry matter. The highest content of nutrients and metabolic energy is allocated to the breeds Belokokonnaya-2 (protein – 66,55 %, fat – 16,95 %, metabolic energy – 20,86 MJ/kg) and Kavkaz-2 (protein – 64,10 %, fat – 15,59 %, metabolic energy – 20,24 MJ/kg).
15
Pustylnik, I., and V. Pustynski. "On the role of evaporative wind in precataclysmic binaries (PCB)." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090013013x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently we have started a systematic reevaluation of the existing observational methods of analysis hitherto applied to PCB-s. Here we report the first results of our investigations. The improved Napier's algorithm (Napier, 1968) to model the light curves of PCB (with the aid of the set of our computer programs in Turbo Pascal) is used. The source function is taken either from Sobieski (1965) or Strittmatter (1974). The entire luminosity received from the cool companion is calculated by integration of the emerging radiation over its disk; contributions from the illuminated and unilluminated portions of the disk are accounted for. We assume: a) the validity of the LTE in the photosphere of cool component, b) constancy of the monochromatic to mean absorption coefficient ratio within the photosphere, c) the hot star radiates as the absolutely black body, d) there are no other effects influencing the light curve except for the reflection effect. We have modelled the light curves of EC11575-1845 (Chen et al (1995). The analysis of the temperature distributions in the heated photosphere indicates the occurence of the temperature inversion. To make a rough estimate of physical conditions which can induce generation of evaporative wind we have used two criteria: i) the temperature inversion, ii) relation between radiative pressure and the effective gravitational acceleration. We assumed the density varies with the height in the atmosphere of the illuminated star as ρ ≃ exp(−Φ/RgT), Φ - being the Roche potential. The integral equation following from the definition of the mean optical depth was solved numerically to establish the relation between the mean optical depth and the distance in the atmosphere. We find the characteristic height scale for X-ray and EUV radiation is ∼ 106 − 107cm (for concentration of particles ∼ 1013cm−3). To check the validity of the ii) criterium we used a simplified model of radially expanding evaporative stellar wind and mass flux J conservation condition along the stream tube of the form J ∼ ρsvsrs2 exp −(Φ/RgT) (Pustylnik (1995)) and found M ∼ 10−12–10−11M/y. Although mass loss of such a rate cannot compete with the effects of the angular momentum loss which is responsible for a secular orbital shrinkage, the evaporative wind should significantly alter the structure of the the cool irradiated components.
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Lee, SoJung, YoonMyung Kim, Jennifer L. Kuk, Fernando E. Boada, and Silva Arslanian. "Whole-Body MRI and Ethnic Differences in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Distribution in Overweight Black and White Adolescent Boys." Journal of Obesity 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/159373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is unclear whether ethnic differences exist in adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) distribution in black and white youth. Investigation into the pattern of AT and SM distribution in black versus white youth may provide insight into the previously reported health disparities between these ethnicities. Therefore, we examined total and regional AT and SM in overweight black and white boys. The study sample included overweight black (n=19) and white (n=21) boys (11–18 yr, BMI ≥ 85th) whose body composition was evaluated using whole-body MRI. Despite similar age, Tanner stage, and BMI, black boys had significantly (P<.05) less visceral AT than white boys and more (P<.05) total and lower-body subcutaneous AT (SAT) in both absolute (kg) and relative (%) terms. There was a main effect (P<.05) of ethnicity on the relationship between total and regional AT, such that for a given amount of total body AT (kg), black boys had a greater (P<.05) lower-body SAT and less visceral AT than their white peers. For a given amount of total SM, black boys had more (P<.05) SM in the thigh. Compared with overweight white boys, overweight black boys have less visceral fat, more subcutaneous fat, and more thigh skeletal muscle.
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Voinova, Tatyana Victorovna. "ON FERTILITY OF BLACK-BACKED SHAD ALOSA KESSLERI KESSLERI (GRIMM, 1887)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2021, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2021-3-77-85.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article highlights the results of studying the individual absolute fertility (IAF) of black-backed shad Alosa kessleri kessleri (Grimm, 1887). The data were obtained during the species’ spawning run in the Volga River. A positive correlation was established between IAF and the linear indicators, weight and age of producers. IAF ranged from 38.0 to 333.9 thousand eggs. The average absolute fecundity of herring varied from 38.8 to 259.2 thousand eggs. In the 1970s black-backed shad of 26-42 cm long had fluctuations in the average absolute fecundity from 88.4 to 258.5 thousand eggs. At the present stage, the size range of spawning shoals suggests that maturity in black-backed shad occurs at a body length of 22-45 cm, the reproductive capacity is regulated by early maturation. The results of studies on the fertility of black-backed herring of various lengths in 1 g of ovary have been obtained. There has been registered a wide range of fluctuations in the number of eggs (from 4033 to 14147 pcs). Differences in the size of ovaries indicate a qualitative definiteness of the physiological readiness of females in the pre-spawning period. The fluctuations in the average individual absolute fertility were revealed depending on body weight and age. Fertility in one-size groups and the reproductive capacity of the population as a whole change due to habitat conditions. The conditional indicator of the population fertility was calculated. The results of the obtained fertility data compared with the data of previous years indicate a 1.5-fold decrease in reproductive capacity of the population at the present time, which indicates a stressed state of the reproductive capacity of female species
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Lyubimov, A. I., and Yu V. Isupova. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK-AND-WHITE REPLACEMENT HEIFERS DEPENDING ON THE ORIGIN." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 51, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-52-58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study analysed absolute, average daily and relative live weight growth indices in replacement of the holstein friesian (black-and-white) heifers for the breeding period. The study was conducted at AO (JSC) «Uchkhoz Iyulskoe Izhevsk state agricultural academy» in Votkinsk district of Udmurt Republic. Also, the study focused on dynamics of body measurements in the young animals of different origin from birth to the age of 12 months. Maintenance and feeding conditions met the physiological requirements. The heifers demonstrated the highest growth indices at the age of 6–9 months. The absolute weight gain was 67,8 kg, the average daily weight gain was 753,5 g. As for the dynamics of body measurements a significant increase was observed up to the age of 6 months. Height measurements increased by an average of 11–15 cm, oblique body length rose by 20 cm, chest measurements increased by 8–30 cm, hip width grew by 9 cm and shank measurements increased by 2 cm on average for the study period. Depending on the origin, it was found that heifers of the lines by R. Sovering and V.B. Ideal had the highest absolute and average daily weight values at the age of 9 months, they were 73,6 kg, 817,3 g and 69,1 kg, 768,2 g, respectively. M. Chiftain’s line heifers showed the lowest growth indices in all of the analysed age periods. Heifers of the line by V.B. Ideal demonstrated the greatest increase in body measurements with age. Up to the age of 6 months, their main body measurements exceeded other line heifers by 6–10 cm. From the age of 9 months, the largest increase in measurements was observed in R. Sovering’ line heifers, these indices were higher by 2–3 cm than in other line heifers.
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Harlow, H., D. Tinker, J. Erwin, R. Grogan, T. Beck, and J. Kiel. "Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for Predicting Body Fat in Three Populations of Hibernating Black Bears." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 20 (January 1, 1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a tool used to provide a measure of body water content and total body fat in an organism. Recently, researchers have validated BIA against tritiated water techniques in the laboratory and proposed it as a fast, non-invasive method for assessing body condition in free-ranging black bears. In the present study, we field tested BIA as a plausible tool for investigating body fat utilization during hibernation by three black bear populations in the Rocky Mountains. Body fat content in the fall ranged from a mean of about 39% for a group of large, lactating females down to about 29% by two groups of bears consisting of males and mostly non-lactating females. Daily rates of body fat use were greater for the larger, lactating female group than either of the other two groups. Although the fat data determined by BIA appear useful in terms of trends and relative changes, many of the absolute values are inconsistent and perhaps inaccurate. Because BIA is so sensitive to a variety of factors typical of field conditions, we recommend it not be used as the sole source for assessing body condition of large animals such as black bears.
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Bara, Salvador. "Black-body luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond in the Johnson-Cousins BVR photometric bands." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i3.926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A relevant amount of light pollution studies deal with the unwanted visual effects of artificial light at night, including the anthropogenic luminance of the sky that hinders the observation of the celestial bodies which are a main target of ground-based astrophysical research, and a key asset of the intangible heritage of humankind. Most quantitative measurements and numerical models, however, evaluate the anthropogenic sky radiance in any of the standard Johnson-Cousins UBVRI photometric bands, generally in the V one. Since the Johnson-Cousins V band is not identical with the visual CIE V() used to assess luminance, the conversion between these two photometric systems turns out to be spectrum-dependent. Given its interest for practical applications, in this Letter we provide the framework to perform this conversion and the transformation constants for black-body spectra of different absolute temperatures. Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Falchi et al. "The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness", Sci. Adv. 2, e1600377 (2016). CrossRef M. Kocifaj, "A review of the theoretical and numerical approaches to modeling skyglow: Iterative approach to RTE, MSOS, and two-stream approximation", Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer 181, 2 (2016). CrossRef M.S. Bessel, "UBVRI PASSBANDS", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 102, 1181 (1990).. CrossRef CIE, Commision Internationale de l'Éclairage. CIE 1988 2° SpectralLuminous Efficiency Function for Photopic Vision. (Vienna, Bureau Central de la CIE, 1990) DirectLink S. Bará, "Variations on a classical theme: On the formal relationship between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance", International Journal of Sustainable Lighting IJSL 19(2), 104 (2017). CrossRef A. Sánchez de Miguel, M. Aubé, J. Zamorano, M. Kocifaj, J. Roby, C. Tapia. "Sky Quality Meter measurements in a colour-changing world", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 467(3), 2966 (2017). CrossRef M.S. Bessell, "Standard Photometric Systems", Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 43, 293 (2005). CrossRef J.B. Oke, "Absolute Spectral Energy Distributions for White Dwarfs", The Astrophysical Journal Suppl. Series 236(27), 21 (1974). CrossRef J.B. Oke, J.E. Gunn, "Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry", The Astrophysical Journal 266, 713 (1983). CrossRef M.R. Blanton, S. Roweis S., "K-Corrections and Filter Transformations in the Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-Infrared", The Astronomical Journal, 133(2), 734(2007). Table 1. CrossRef
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Spielmann, Nadine, Arthur S. Leon, D. C. Rao, Treva Rice, James S. Skinner, Tuomo Rankinen, and Claude Bouchard. "Genome-wide linkage scan for submaximal exercise heart rate in the HERITAGE family study." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): H3366—H3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to identify regions of the human genome linked to submaximal exercise heart rates in the sedentary state and in response to a standardized 20-wk endurance training program in blacks and whites of the HERITAGE Family Study. A total of 701 polymorphic markers covering the 22 autosomes were used in the genome-wide linkage scan, with 328 sibling pairs from 99 white nuclear families and 102 pairs from 115 black family units. Steady-state heart rates were measured at the relative intensity of 60% maximal oxygen uptake (HR60) and at the absolute intensity of 50 W (HR50). Baseline phenotypes were adjusted for age, sex, and baseline body mass index (BMI) and training responses (posttraining minus baseline, Δ) were adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, and baseline value of the phenotype. Two analytic strategies were used, a multipoint variance components and a regression-based multipoint linkage analysis. In whites, promising linkages (LOD > 1.75) were identified on 18q21-q22 for baseline HR50 (LOD = 2.64; P = 0.0002) and ΔHR60 (LOD = 2.10; P = 0.0009) and on chromosome 2q33.3 for ΔHR50 (LOD = 2.13; P = 0.0009). In blacks, evidence of promising linkage for baseline HR50 was detected with several markers within the chromosomal region 10q24-q25.3 (peak LOD = 2.43, P = 0.0004 with D10S597). The most promising regions for fine mapping in the HERITAGE Family Study were found on 2q33 for HR50 training response in whites, on 10q25-26 for baseline HR60 in blacks, and on 18q21–22 for both baseline HR50 and ΔHR60 in whites.
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Sisman, A. "High-temperature corrections for the classical expressions of radiative losses from a black body." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The contribution from thermally generated electron-positron pairs to the radiative losses from a black body is considered near the temperature corresponding to the electron's rest mass energy Tc = mec2/k. The correction factors are defined as the ratio of corrected expressions (which also include the contribution from thermal pairs) to the classical expressions (which include merely photons). The correction factors for energy, free energy, and entropy fluxes have different values about 0.5Tc, while they have the same value at T « Tc and T » Tc. The Stephan-Boltzmann's constant becomes temperature dependent due to the contribution of thermal pairs. According to the classical expressions of radiative losses, the ratio of energy flux to the absolute value of free energy flux is a constant and it is equal to 3. On the contrary, it is shown that it is a function of temperature about Tc and it has a maximum about 0.38Tc. The correction factor for mean energy per emitted thermal particle has also a maximum about T = 0.42Tc. PACS No.: 4440
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Colaizzi, Paul D., Susan A. O’Shaughnessy, and Steven R. Evett. "Calibration and Tests of Commercial Wireless Infrared Thermometers." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 4 (2018): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Applications of infrared thermometers (IRTs) in large agricultural fields require wireless data transmission, and IRT target temperature should have minimal sensitivity to internal detector temperature. To meet these objectives, a prototype wireless IRT system was developed at USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bushland, Texas, and commercialized by Dynamax, Inc., Houston, Texas. The objective of this article was to calibrate and test the Dynamax, Inc. system. Following deployment in an irrigated field during the 2015 crop season, 26 IRTs were calibrated and tested in a temperature-controlled room. The IRTs measured a black body target temperature controlled at 15°C to 55°C in 5°C increments, and for each range of black body temperatures, ambient room temperatures were controlled at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C under isothermal and steady-state conditions. Discrepancies between uncalibrated IRT and black body temperatures varied by IRT and had root mean squared errors (RMSE) between 0.25°C and 1.51°C, mean absolute errors (MAE) between 0.19°C and 1.17°C, and mean bias errors (MBE) between -0.66°C and 0.16°C. A calibration equation was derived from the longwave radiation energy balance of the IRT internal detector, and sensor-specific calibrations reduced discrepancies for all IRTs, with RMSE between 0.16°C and 0.28°C, MAE between 0.12°C and 0.21°C, and absolute MBE less than 0.05°C. A generic calibration was derived by pooling all sensor-specific calibrations, and reduced discrepancies for all but five IRTs, but these were very marginal compared with no calibration. Therefore, the generic calibration did not appear justified, but sensor-specific calibrations were justified for most IRTs. The IRTs were again deployed in the irrigated field and measured corn canopy temperature in 2016. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated using measurements from one IRT and compared to ETc measured by a large weighing lysimeter. The choice of calibration (none, generic, or sensor-specific) had little impact on calculated ETc, which was likely related to a limited range of target and sensor body temperature differences in the field (mostly +10°C), in contrast to those in the temperature-controlled room (up to +40°C) Keywords: Canopy temperature, Crop management, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Remote sensing, Sensors.
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Tramel, Whitney, Robert G. Lockie, Keston G. Lindsay, and J. Jay Dawes. "Associations between Absolute and Relative Lower Body Strength to Measures of Power and Change of Direction Speed in Division II Female Volleyball Players." Sports 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7070160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Volleyball is a sport comprised of multiple explosive efforts and multidirectional change of direction speed (CODS) actions. Since strength underpins both of these abilities, it is important to explore the relationship between these variables in order to develop strength and conditioning programs to optimize performance. The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists between absolute and relative strength and measures of power and CODS in collegiate volleyball players. Archived testing data from ten (n = 10, age: 19.1 ± 1.2 yrs, Ht: 173.1 ± 6.64 cm, Wt: 67 ± 7.04 kg) female DII collegiate volleyball players were analyzed. These data included: block vertical jump (Block VJ), approach vertical jump (Approach VJ), a repeat jump test (i.e., four consecutive VJs), modified T-test, 5-0-5 agility test, a single leg triple hop test, and a 1-3RM deadlift. Significant large correlations were observed between relative strength and the repeat jump test, modified T-test, and 5-0-5 agility test. Significant correlations were also observed between absolute strength and the modified T-test. These results indicate that strength and conditioning professionals should emphasize the development of both absolute and relative lower-body strength to improve measures of power and agility in collegiate volleyball players.
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Mesa-Cruz, J. Bernardo, Colleen Olfenbuttel, Michael R. Vaughan, Jaime L. Sajecki, and Marcella J. Kelly. "Litter size and cub age influence weight gain and development in American black bears (Ursus americanus)." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We assessed the effects of cub age, litter size, and sex, on body mass (BM), absolute and relative growth rates (AGR, RGR), opening of ears and eyes, and deciduous teeth eruption from 129 cubs of American black bears (Ursus americanus) born at Virginia Tech’s Black Bear Research Center. Specific ages, related to maternal food consumption, and litter size, best described BM, AGR, RGR, and ear and eye development. Overall, newborns weighed ~0.44 kg at birth and increased ~9-fold by ~14 weeks. Twins were greater in BM than single cubs and triplets. Single and triplet cubs had higher AGR and RGR than twins after mothers resumed food consumption post-hibernation. Newborns displayed RGR > 3.5% that decreased until den emergence (RGR < 3.5% after emergence). RGR differed among litter sizes, particularly after den emergence. Ear and eye opening occurred concurrently at ~44 days of age, while teeth erupted ~10 days later. Single cubs experienced delayed development of these organs compared to other litter sizes. Postnatal developmental differences between black bears and other carnivores likely stem from strategies allowing black bears to minimize energy expenditure during the gestational period when hibernating.
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Wetmore, Alexander B., Paul A. Moquin, Kevin M. Carroll, Andrew C. Fry, W. Guy Hornsby, and Michael H. Stone. "The Effect of Training Status on Adaptations to 11 Weeks of Block Periodization Training." Sports 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8110145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some controversy exists as to the most efficacious method of training to achieve enhanced levels of sport performance. Controversy concerning the efficacy of periodization and especially block periodization (BP) likely stems from the use of poorly or untrained subjects versus trained who may differ in their responses to a stimulus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training status on performance outcomes resulting from 11 weeks of BP training. Fifteen males were recruited for this study and placed into strong (age = 24.3 ± 1.9 years., body mass (BM) = 87.7 ± 8.7 kg, squat: body mass = 1.96 ± 0.16), moderate (age = 25.3 ± 2.7 years., body mass = 100.2 ± 15.5 kg, squat: body mass = 1.46 ± 0.14), or weak (age = 23.2 ± 3.9 yrs., body mass = 83.5 ± 17.1 kg, squat: body mass = 1.17 ± 0.07) groups based on relative strength. Testing was completed at baseline, and after each block which consisted of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, 0 kg static jump (SJ), 0 kg countermovement jump (CMJ), 20 kg SJ, and 20 kg CMJ. Absolute and relative strength were strongly correlated with rates of improvement for absolute strength, relative strength, 0 kg, and 20 kg vertical jumps. All subjects substantially improved back squat (p < 0.001), relative back squat (p < 0.001) with large–very large effect sizes between groups for percent change favoring the weak group over the moderate and strong group for all performance variables. All subjects showed statistically significant improvements in 0 kg SJ (p < 0.001), 0 kg CMJ (p < 0.001), 20 kg SJ (p = 0.002), and 20 kg CMJ (p < 0.001). Statistically significant between group differences were noted for both 20 kg SJ (p = 0.01) and 20 kg CMJ (p = 0.043) with the strong group statistically greater jump heights than the weak group. The results of this study indicate BP training is effective in improving strength and explosive ability. Additionally, training status may substantially alter the response to a resistance training program.
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Safari, I., A. B. Susilo, and C. E. Rustana. "Blackbody Radiation Experimental Apparatus (Arabeta) to Support Physics Learning for Senior High School Students." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As part of ongoing research to develop a tool for teaching thermal radiation, we have constructed an Experimental Apparatus of Blackbody Radiation (ARABETA). Some previous researches have been conducted to investigate students understanding of Modern Physics, but very little on the topic of Black-body radiation. Apart from being more abstract, the experimental apparatus on this topic are also almost difficult to find in school laboratories. A preliminary study that involved 53 physics teachers in Jakarta region confirmed that black body radiation is a concept that is difficult to visualize to students during learning. Therefore, we developed a simple apparatus that is capable of measuring the temperature and thermal radiation of the samples used. This research uses research and development model by following some steps of Borg and Gall. The results of this measurement are shown in a graph of intensity against the multiplication result of the Stefan-Boltzmann and the fourth power of its absolute temperature, so that the emissivity value of the sample can be obtained. Through this development, we may provide an alternative solution for the experimentation issue in the learning of blackbody radiation at senior high level.
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Aitzhanov, E. S., and K. K. Yesmagambetov. "Growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-and-white breed of different ecogenesis." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2202-02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An important task of rearing of replacement young animals of different origin in dairy cattle breeding is to breed such type of animals that due to their size, strength of constitution, development of organs and systems, would ensure high milk productivity for a long time. This is especially true for the Black-and-White breed, which occupies a leading position among the breeds of dairy cattle. The purpose of the work was to study the growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-andwhite breed of different ecogeneses. The growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-and-white heifers of local breeding and herdmates of Holstein breed of Austrian and Canadian breeding under the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied. Thus, it has been found that the absolute and relative growth rate was higher in animals of Canadian breeding, compared with herdmates of Austrian and domestic breeding. The live weight of black-and-white Holstein heifers of Canadian breeding at birth was higher than that of herdmates of Austrian and domestic breeding by 1,5 and 2,4 kg or 4,1 and 6,7 %, at 18 months of age by 32,6 and 50,8 kg or 4,6 and 13,0 % (P < 0,001). Heifers of Austrian breeding had an advantage over domesticbred heifers at birth by 0,9 kg or 2,5 %, and at the age of 18 months by 18 kg or 4,6 % (P < 0,001). Heifers of Canadian and Austrian breeding had the advantage over their herdmates of domestic breeding according to the studied body measurements and body built indices.
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Dynko, Y. P. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF REPAIR HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 52 (November 1, 2016): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.52.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The features of growth and development of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy heifers of different constitution types were investigated in the article. The study was conducted in 2016 in the breeding farm APC named after Shchorsa, Kyiv region (n = 109). Differentiation of cows on constitution types was conducted by the methods proposed by O. M. Chernenko and N. N. Kolesnik.
According to the classification of O. M. Chernenko distribution of first-calf cows by constitution types was as follows: big-capacity type – 75 %, mid-capacity – 16 %, low-capacity – 9 %; according to the classification of N. N. Kolesnik – wide-body type – 56 %, narrow-body type – 44 %.
Advantage for most body measurements was in first-calf cows with big-capacity type which prevailed over the low- and mid-capacity type animals by height at withers by 2.9 and 0.9 cm, respectively, chest girth – 6.6 cm and 5.0 cm (P < 0.05). Advantage over low-capacity type by width and depth of chest behind the blades, width and depth of chest behind the last rib and the length of thoracic was 4.9 cm, 4.4 cm, 7.0 cm, 7.3 cm and 3.7 cm, respectively (P < 0.01 in all the cases). It was found the significant advantage for the metacarpal girth of big-capacity type animals over mid-capacity type animals – 0.5 cm (Р < 0.01). The first-calf cows with narrow-body type of constitution had advantage over wide-body type on such measurements: height at withers – by 1.3 cm, chest girth – 4.9 cm (P < 0.01), depth of chest behind the blades – 0.9 cm, depth of chest behind the last rib – 0.8 cm, width between pin bones – 0.9 cm, sloped body length and metacarpal girth – by 0.3 cm. The first-calf cows with wide-body type had advantage for width of chest behind the blades – by 2 сm (P < 0.01), width of chest behind the last rib – 3.1 сm (P < 0.01), length of thoracic – 0.6 cm and width between hips – by 2.9 сm (Р < 0.001).According to the classification of O. M. Chernenko the significant advantage only was found for long-leg index in animals with low-capacity type over big-capacity type – by 2.1% (P < 0.01). The animals with wide-body type of constitution compared to narrow-body type (according to N. N. Kolesnik) predominated by wide rear, long-leg, stretching and thoracal indexes by 2.4% (Р < 0.01), 0.2%, 0.7% and 3.4% (Р < 0.01), respectively. The first-calf cows with narrow-body type of constitution predominated for pelvic-breast index by 2.0%, compactness index – 3.1%, boniness index – 0.2% and narrow rear index – by 6.6% (Р < 0.001).It was found that the highest live weight from 3 to 18 months had heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution. The first-calf cows with mid-capacity type of constitution predominated over the first-calf cows with big-capacity type at 3 months’ age by 7.6 kg (Р < 0.05), the advantage over low-capacity type was 6.9 kg. Heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution at age of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months compared to other groups had live weight by 13.8–18.6 kg, 16.7–23.2 kg, 11.4–29.3 kg 5.1–28.2 kg and 12.8–20.1 kg higher, respectively.It was found that live weight of newborn heifers with narrow-body type was significantly higher by 1.2 kg (Р < 0.05). Significant differences of live weight from birth to 18 months between replacement heifers with narrow- and wide-body types of constitution were not found; the difference varied within 0.5–3.3 kg depending on the age of the animals. Live weight during the first insemination of heifers with wide-body type was higher by 17.1 kg, but the difference was insignificant.The heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution had the advantage over the other by the absolute gain from birth to 3 months – 9 kg (P < 0,01), low-capacity type – 6 kg. Also the heifers with mid-capacity type were characterized by the highest absolute gain in periods of 3.1–6.0 months and 6.1–9.0 months, that 6.1–11.7 kg and 2.9–4.6 kg higher compared with heifers of other types of constitution. In periods of 9.1–12.0 and 12.1–15.0 months the highest absolute gain was in animals with big-capacity type of constitution – 69.8 kg and 69.2 kg, respectively.Regarding absolute gain from birth to 18 months significant differences between the repair heifers of wide- and narrow-body types of constitution weren’t found, the differences varied within 0.1–3.8 kg.The highest relative gain of live weight in periods of 0–3.0 and 3.1–6.0 months was observed in heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution – 206.2% and 72.8%, respectively. The relative gain of heifers in period of 6.1–9.0 months varied within 41.8–42.8%. In periods of 9.1–12.0 and 12.1–15.0 months heifers with big-capacity type had 3.9–4.3 % and 1.2–3.0 % higher relative gain compared to heifers with other types of constitution. In period of 15.1–18.0 months heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution predominated over animals with big-capacity type by the relative gain – 2.4 % (Р < 0.01).
The difference of relative gain between the narrow- and wide-body types of constitution was 0.2–5.8 %, depending on the age period.
The heifers with mid-capacity type of constitution significantly prevailed over heifers with big-capacity type by daily gain by 100 g (Р < 0.01) at the age of 0–3.0 months, the advantage over animals with low-capacity type was 67 g. At the age of 3.1–6.0 and 6.1–9.0 months daily gain of heifers with mid-capacity type was 29–68 g and 32–51 g higher compared to animals of other types. The heifers with low-capacity type significantly prevailed over heifers with big-capacity type at age of 15.1–18.0 months by 182 g (Р < 0.05).
Significant differences for live weight and live weight gain between first-calf cows with wide- and narrow-body types weren’t found.
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Peskov, V. N., and L. G. Manilo. "Sex Differences and Sex Identification in the Small-Scaled Scorpionfish, Scorpaena Porcus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Sex differences and the ability to determine the sex of Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) on morphological characters were studied in the population inhabiting coastal waters of the Black Sea near the southern coast of Crimea. These differences were revealed in size (females are larger than males) and in proportions of the body. It is found that variation of the absolute and relative values in plastic characters is higher in females compared with males. It is shown that in 92 % of individuals belonging to S. porcus we can determine the sex using morphological characters with a probability of 99.9-100 %.
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Sukhomlin, Kateryna, Olexandr Zinchenko, and Maria Zinchenko. "The Adaptation of Bloodsucking Black Flies to Feeding on Warm-blooded Animals." Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, no. 7(356) (July 3, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2017-356-7-158-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Simuliidae morphological adaptations to suck the blood are combined into several groups: habitus, sensory vesicle of maxillary palp (Lutz’s organ), mouthparts, claws adaptations. Habitus adaptations can be traced in smaller absolute body sizes, relatively large head sizes, reduction of 2–6 abdomen sternites, presence of wide wings. The sensory organ adaptations are associated with a size decrease of the sensory vesicle during the transition from the ornithophilia to the mammalophilia of Simuliidae. Adaptations in the mouthparts structure are associated with the presence of hooks on the labrum, fringes with downward directed spinules on the distal margin of the hypopharynx, developed teeth on the maxillas and mandibles apical margins. The structure of females claws is adapted to various groups of hosts of the blood feeders – birds, mammals. Probably that the initial type of black flies hematophagy was ornithophilia.
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Hiebert, Sara M., Theresa M. Lee, Paul Licht, and Irving Zucker. "Estradiol phase shifts circannual body mass rhythms of male ground squirrels." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): R754—R759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.r754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gonadectomized male golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis) were implanted with estradiol benzoate (EB)-filled or empty capsules. Body mass was monitored before, during, and for at least 1 yr after hormone treatment. EB treatment during the mass-gain phase of the annual cycle significantly decelerated increases in body mass; the period of the circannual rhythm (CAR) of body mass was 54 days longer in EB- than blank-treated squirrels. Hormone treatment during the mass-loss phase accelerated mass loss; although this effect only approached statistical significance, some phase markers of the CAR were significantly advanced in subsequent cycles. We conclude that, as in females, estradiol affects the waveform of the CAR of males differently at different phases of the circannual cycle. Sexual differentiation does not eliminate responsiveness of CARs of squirrels to estradiol; sex differences, if any, are subtle rather than absolute and, in this respect, differ from circadian rhythms.
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Cho, Hui Je, Dae Sung Bae, Jin Hwan Choi, and Ja Choon Koo. "An Efficient General Purpose Contact Search Algorithm Using the Relative Coordinate System for Multibody System Dynamics." Solid State Phenomena 120 (February 2007): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.120.129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dynamic analysis of many mechanical systems is often involved with contacts among bodies. This paper presents an efficient and general-purpose contact search algorithm for multibody dynamics in the context of the compliance contact force model. While many conventional collision detection algorithms are based on the absolute coordinate system, this paper proposes to use the relative coordinate system in detecting a contact. A boundary box of a defense surface geometry is divided into many blocks. A contact reference frame is defined on the defense body of a contact pair. Since all geometric variables necessary to detect a contact are measured relative to the contact reference frame attached to the defense body, the variables belonging to the defense body are constant, which significantly reduces computation time associated with the contact search. Therefore, the contact reference frame plays a key role in developing an efficient contact search algorithm. Contour of the defense body is approximated by many piecewise triangular patches, while contour of the hitting body is represented by hitting nodes along its boundary. Bounding boxes inside which contain each body of a contact pair are defined at a preprocessing stage to eliminate an exhaustive contact inspection when two bodies are in a distance. If two bounding boxes are turned out to be in a contact during the pre-search, each node on the hitting boundary is inspected to find out to which block the node belongs in the post-search. Since each block dividing the boundary of the defense body has a list of patches, each node on the hitting boundary is tested for a contact only with the patches in the block that the node belongs. Actual contact calculation is then carried out to find the contact penetration used in calculating the compliant contact force. Numerical example is performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
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Santos, Matheus Tabata, Palloma Vieira Muterlle, and Guilherme Caribé de Carvalho. "Emissivity Caracterization in Stainless Steels Alloys for Application in Hidroeletric Turbines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emissivity is the ratio between the radiant hemispherical power emitted by a real body, at an absolute temperature, and the radiant hemispherical power emitted by a black body at the same temperature. The energy emitted is proportional to the fourth power of the object ́s temperature. Emissivity may vary from 0 (reflected by a mirror) to 1.0 (black body theory). Studies are being carried out at the University of Brasilia to investigate the microstructural behavior of materials used in the repairing of hydroelectric turbines, after several thermal cycles of welding. These studies use thermographic techniques for monitoring the temperature and require that the correct emissivity value for specific materials and surface conditions are used in order to guaranty that the temperatures reported by the radiometric sensors are consistent with the actual temperatures. This study aims to validate an experimental methodology for evaluating the emissivity of the steel ASTM A 743 CA6NM and the AWS 410 NiMo as deposited by a GMAW process at temperatures ranging from 100oC to 1000oC. The experiment consists of heating a small sample of the material with an oxyacetylene torch while a thermocouple, welded on surface of the sample, an infrared sensor and a thermographic camera monitor the surface temperature. During the heating and the cooling process, the sample surface is protected from the air by an argon gas flow directed towards the visualized area. Results consistent with the reported in the literature for similar materials were attained and curves of the emissivity “versus” temperature for the tested materials were produced, providing a basis for proper thermographic temperature monitoring.
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Maahs, Lucas, Amy Tang, Zaid Al Saheli, Brigid Jacob, Rishika Polasani, and Clara Hwang. "Pegfilgrastim on-body injector: Post-market performance analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19226-e19226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e19226 Background: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) are widely used in medical oncology for the prevention of neutropenia and its complications. On-body injectors (OBI) have an advantage over the traditional injection (TI) method of not requiring a second visit to the oncology clinic the day after chemotherapy, but these devices are subject to failure. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of OBIs in the real world. Methods: Adult women with breast cancer diagnosed between June 2015 and June 2016 treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and a G-CSF were retrospectively identified from the medical records of Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, MI, USA). The primary outcome was the incidence of severe neutropenia (SN), defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤500. Secondary outcomes included incidence of neutropenia (ANC ≤1500), neutropenic fever, and mortality. A secondary analysis of the data was performed to identify predictors of SN. Results: A total of 837 cycles of chemotherapy were analyzed. The OBI was used in 395 cycles and the TI in 442. The OBI group had patients that were older, had higher ANC, were more often black, had worse performance status, and were more often smokers. The incidences of SN, neutropenic fever and neutropenia were not different between groups (Table). Mortality was not different between groups when adjusted for confounding variables (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6, p=0.09). Patients with a lower baseline ANC and white ethnicity were at a higher risk for SN. TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide combined) carried the highest risk for SN among the chemotherapy regimens used. Conclusions: There was no difference in the efficacy of the OBI and TI methods for preventing SN, neutropenic fever, neutropenia, and death. Independent predictors of SN included the chemotherapy regimen used, baseline ANC and ethnicity. [Table: see text]
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Miroshnichenko, V. N., V. Yu Bohuslavskaya, S. V. Salnykova, and Yu I. Dovhii. "FEATURES OF ADAPTATION OF WOMEN 25-35 YEARS OLD TO HEALTH-IMPROVING SWIMMING TRAINING." (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(130) (February 22, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the program of training sessions on health swimming and reveals its impact on the functional readiness of women 25-35 years.
The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of the health swimming program on the functional fitness of women aged 25-35.
The study involved females aged 25 to 35 years. The total number is 45 people. Classes were held three times a week in an indoor swimming pool.
As part of the observational experiment, studies were conducted to determine the level of functional fitness, body composition, body weight, body mass index, basal metabolism.
To identify the features of the reaction of the body of women to physical activity provided by the experimental program, a formative experiment was conducted. As part of the formative experiment, the survey was conducted in two stages - 12 and 24 weeks after the start of classes on the program. The content of the main part, in which the main tasks of the lesson were solved, consisted of an aerobic and anaerobic block of exercises. In the aerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the subjects covered the distance at a comfortable pace using different styles: crawl swimming, backstroke, breaststroke.
In the anaerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the women swam several segments of 25 m in different styles at a pace that increased heart rate to 160-170 beats per minute (anaerobic lactate energy supply).
Classes in the health swimming program helped to reduce body weight and body mass index in women (25-35 years). Such classes contributed most to the growth of their functional capabilities of the aerobic energy supply system, as indicated by the probable increase in the absolute and relative indicators of the threshold of anaerobic metabolism and maximum oxygen consumption. In addition, the functionality of the anaerobic lactate energy supply system has increased.
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Chistyakov, V. A., and I. I. Dolgikh. "Certification and verification of standard (reference) radiators as models of an absolute black body in the temperature range from −50 to 2500°C." Measurement Techniques 40, no. 12 (December 1997): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02504161.
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Johnson, Julia A., Susan K. Fried, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, and Jeanine B. Albu. "Impaired insulin action in subcutaneous adipocytes from women with visceral obesity." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): E40—E49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.1.e40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Visceral obesity is associated with resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in vivo. We investigated whether subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipocytes from viscerally obese women exhibit insulin resistance in vitro. Subjects were obese black and white premenopausal nondiabetic women matched for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total adiposity, and age. Independently of race and adipocyte size, increased VAT was associated with decreased sensitivity to insulin's antilipolytic effect in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipocytes. Absolute lipolytic rates at physiologically relevant concentrations of insulin or the adenosine receptor agonist N 6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine were higher in subjects with the highest vs. lowest VAT area. Independently of cell size, abdominal adipocytes were less sensitive to the antilipolytic effect of insulin than gluteal adipocytes, which may partly explain increased nonesterified fatty acid fluxes in upper vs. lower body obese women. Moreover, increased VAT was associated with decreased responsiveness, but not decreased sensitivity, to insulin's stimulatory effect on glucose transport in abdominal adipocytes. These data suggest that insulin resistance of subcutaneous abdominal and, to a lesser extent, gluteal adipocytes may contribute to increased systemic lipolysis in both black and white viscerally obese women.
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Huang, Xiaodong, Hui Zhang, Li Zhuo, Xiaoguang Li, and Jing Zhang. "TISNet-Enhanced Fully Convolutional Network with Encoder-Decoder Structure for Tongue Image Segmentation in Traditional Chinese Medicine." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (August 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6029258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extracting the tongue body accurately from a digital tongue image is a challenge for automated tongue diagnoses, as the blurred edge of the tongue body, interference of pathological details, and the huge difference in the size and shape of the tongue. In this study, an automated tongue image segmentation method using enhanced fully convolutional network with encoder-decoder structure was presented. In the frame of the proposed network, the deep residual network was adopted as an encoder to obtain dense feature maps, and a Receptive Field Block was assembled behind the encoder. Receptive Field Block can capture adequate global contextual prior because of its structure of the multibranch convolution layers with varying kernels. Moreover, the Feature Pyramid Network was used as a decoder to fuse multiscale feature maps for gathering sufficient positional information to recover the clear contour of the tongue body. The quantitative evaluation of the segmentation results of 300 tongue images from the SIPL-tongue dataset showed that the average Hausdorff Distance, average Symmetric Mean Absolute Surface Distance, average Dice Similarity Coefficient, average precision, average sensitivity, and average specificity were 11.2963, 3.4737, 97.26%, 95.66%, 98.97%, and 98.68%, respectively. The proposed method achieved the best performance compared with the other four deep-learning-based segmentation methods (including SegNet, FCN, PSPNet, and DeepLab v3+). There were also similar results on the HIT-tongue dataset. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve accurate tongue image segmentation and meet the practical requirements of automated tongue diagnoses.
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Pérez-Montero, E., C. Kehrig, J. M. Vílchez, R. García-Benito, S. Duarte Puertas, and J. Iglesias-Páramo. "Photon leaking or very hard ionizing radiation? Unveiling the nature of He II-emitters using the softness diagram." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (November 2020): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038509.
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Aims. Star-forming galaxies with nebular He II emission contain very energetic ionizing sources of radiation, which can be considered as analogs to the major contributors of the reionization of the Universe in early epochs. It is therefore of great importance to provide a reliable absolute scale for the equivalent effective temperature (T*) for these sources. Methods. We study a sample of local (z < 0.2) star-forming galaxies showing optical nebular He II emission using the so-called softness diagrams, involving emission lines of two elements in two consecutive stages of ionization (e.g., [S II]/[S III] vs. [O II]/[O III]). We use for the first time the He I/He II ratio in these diagrams in order to explore the higher range of T* expected in these objects, and to investigate the role of possible mechanisms driving the distribution of galaxy points in these diagrams. We build grids of photoionization models covering different black-body temperatures, model cluster atmospheres, and density-bounded geometries to explain the conditions observed in the sample. Results. We verified that the use of the softness diagrams including the emission-line ratio He I/He II combined with black-body photoionization models can provide an absolute scale of T* for these objects. The application of a Bayesian-like code indicates T* in the range 50−80 kK for the sample of galaxies, with a mean value higher than 60 kK. The average of these high temperature values can only be reproduced using cluster model populations with nearly metal-free stars, although such ionizing sources cannot explain either the highest T* values, beyond 1σ, or the dispersion observed in the softness diagrams. According to our photoionization models, most sample galaxies could be affected to some extent by ionizing photon leaking, presenting a mean photon absorption fraction of 26% or higher depending on the metallicity assumed for the ionizing cluster. The entire range of He I/He II, [S II]/[S III], and [O II]/[O III] ratios for these HeII-emitting galaxies is reproduced with our models, combining nearly metal-free ionizing clusters and photon leaking under different density-bounded conditions.
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Harada, Yuichi, Masamichi Muramatsu, Toshikatsu Shibata, Tasuku Honjo, and Kazumichi Kuroda. "Unmutated Immunoglobulin M Can Protect Mice from Death by Influenza Virus Infection." Journal of Experimental Medicine 197, no. 12 (June 9, 2003): 1779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20021457.
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To elucidate the role of class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in virus infection, we have investigated the influence of the primary and secondary infections of influenza virus on mice deficient of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is absolutely required for CSR and SHM. In the primary infection, AID deficiency caused no significant difference in mortality but did cause difference in morbidity. In the secondary infection with a lethal dose of influenza virus, both AID−/− and AID+/− mice survived completely. However, AID−/− mice could not completely block replication of the virus and their body weights decreased severely whereas AID+/− mice showed almost complete prevention from the reinfection. Depletion of CD8+ T cells by administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody caused slightly severer body weight loss but did not alter the survival rate of AID−/− mice in secondary infection. These results indicate that unmutated immunoglobulin (Ig)M alone is capable of protecting mice from death upon primary and secondary infections. Because the titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were comparable between AID−/− and AID+/− mice at the time of the secondary infection, a defect of AID−/− mice in protection of morbidity might be due to the absence of either other Ig classes such as IgG, high affinity antibodies with SHM, or both.
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Stavetska, Ruslana, and Yurii Dynko. "The characteristic of economically important traits of dairy cows depending on type of body constitution." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2021.001696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on research of economically important traits of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with different types of body constitution. The aim of the study was to differentiate dairy cows into constitution types and to identify the best types in terms of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproductive capacity. The cows were differentiated into low-, mid- and high-capacity types of body constitution. Depending on their type the features of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproduction capacity of primiparous have been studied.
It has been established, that the intensity of growth of heifers from birth to 18 months depended on the type of their body constitution. Higher live weight, absolute and average daily gains were characteristic of heifers with low-capacity body constitution. Their live weight at the age of 18 months on average was 388.5 kg, it was on 30.9 kg and 60.3 kg (Р < 0.01) more than live weight of mid- and high-capacity heifers. The advantages of low-capacity heifers in average daily gain during the growing period were 60 g and 117 g, respectively.
The results of the exterior evaluation have shown that primiparous with the high-capacity type of body constitution had greater size and larger measurements primarily of the chest and barrel (Р < 0.05–0.001).The higher values of linear evaluation were also observed in cows with the high-capacity type, which were characterized by well-developed chest, wide rump, desired rear view of rear legs, firm udder attachment and strong central ligament. The power of influence of the type of body constitution on linear type traits ranged from 0.5 % (rear teat placement) to 46.2 % (chest width).
Higher milk productivity was a characteristic of mid-capacity cows (an advantage of 305-d milk yield – 340–662 kg, milk fat yield – 9.0–21.0 kg, milk protein yield – 9.8–19.8 kg).The best results of reproduction capacity have been observed in cows with the high-capacity type of body constitution (calving percentage – 87.5 %)
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Liu, Yingzi, Yang Lei, Tonghe Wang, Oluwatosin Kayode, Sibo Tian, Tian Liu, Pretesh Patel, Walter J. Curran, Lei Ren, and Xiaofeng Yang. "MRI-based treatment planning for liver stereotactic body radiotherapy: validation of a deep learning-based synthetic CT generation method." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1100 (August 2019): 20190067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190067.
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Objective: The purpose of this work is to develop and validate a learning-based method to derive electron density from routine anatomical MRI for potential MRI-based SBRT treatment planning. Methods: We proposed to integrate dense block into cycle generative adversarial network (GAN) to effectively capture the relationship between the CT and MRI for CT synthesis. A cohort of 21 patients with co-registered CT and MR pairs were used to evaluate our proposed method by the leave-one-out cross-validation. Mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation were used to quantify the imaging differences between the synthetic CT (sCT) and CT. The accuracy of Hounsfield unit (HU) values in sCT for dose calculation was evaluated by comparing the dose distribution in sCT-based and CT-based treatment planning. Clinically relevant dose–volume histogram metrics were then extracted from the sCT-based and CT-based plans for quantitative comparison. Results: The mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation of the sCT were 72.87 ± 18.16 HU, 22.65 ± 3.63 dB and 0.92 ± 0.04, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the majority of the planning target volume and organ at risk dose–volume histogram metrics ( p > 0.05). The average pass rate of γ analysis was over 99% with 1%/1 mm acceptance criteria on the coronal plane that intersects with isocenter. Conclusion: The image similarity and dosimetric agreement between sCT and original CT warrant further development of an MRI-only workflow for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy. Advances in knowledge: This work is the first deep-learning-based approach to generating abdominal sCT through dense-cycle-GAN. This method can successfully generate the small bony structures such as the rib bones and is able to predict the HU values for dose calculation with comparable accuracy to reference CT images.
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Yaremko, O. V., and R. A. Peleno. "Intensity of growth of calves of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in colostrum and milk periods while feeding them with pyridoxine hydrochloride." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride on the body mass of animals, absolute and average daily increment, relative growth rate, growth factor of live weight and multiplicity of increase in live weight of calves in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis were studied. For the experiment, six groups of one-day calves (control and five experimental) were formed, with 5 animals in each, which, in addition to the main diet (MD), fed pyridoxine hydrochloride in different doses, according to the scheme: control group – MD, I experimental group – MD + 1 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride, II – MD + 2 mg/kg g. m of the preparation, ІІІ – MD + 3 mg/kg of w. m., IV – MD + 4 mg/kg g. m and V experimental group – MD + 5 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride. Conditionally, the research was divided into four periods: colostrum – from birth and up to 5 days, until the formation of digestion – from 5 to 21 days, the period of the formation of digestion scar – from 21 to 60 days and the end of the milk period – from 60 to 90 days. It was established that feeding to calves with pyridoxine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in the live weight of 60 days of calves by 5.9% in the second group (P < 0.05), by 8.7% in the third group, by 8.3% in IV and 9.2% in V groups (P < 0.001) and for 90 days it was higher by 9.3%, 9.1%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively (P < 0.05). The highest average daily increments were in the colostrum period in calves IV and V groups, which were added to the main diet, respectively, 4 and 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride, in the period prior to the formation of digestion scar in calves of group IV, in the period of the formation of digestion scar in calves of the III group and at the end of the milking period in calves of group V. Absolute incresements of calves in the colostrum period and the period prior to the formation of digestion scar were the highest in calves of Group IV and the difference in control was respectively 0.34 and 1.05 kg. During the period of the digestion scar formation and the end of the milk period, the highest absolute increases were in calves of group V, which was added to the main ration of 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride. The highest increase in body weight of calves in colostric period and prior to the operation scar rate was in group IV, the period of digestion scar formation was in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves. In colostric period the increase of live weight was higher in calves III, IV and V groups of 5 to 21 days in calves of group IV, from 21 to 60 days in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves.
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Krainiuk, O., Yu Buts, V. Barbachyn, P. Lotsman, and D. Kalchenko. "INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF REMOTE METHODS FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE HUMAN BODY." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (October 1, 2021): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-197-202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the work is to increase the reliability of remote methods of measuring the surface temperature of the human body. Common use of non-contact infrared (IR) devices for temperature screening. But it is important to pay attention to the accuracy of these systems to identify visitors or staff with an infectious disease. The following areas of improvement of metrological characteristics of non-contact devices for measuring human body temperature in a pandemic are identified: 15 cm, the presence in the equipment of a calibrated thermostable source of radiation, called the absolute black body (APT). An effective method of providing the most accurate measurements of skin surface temperature is associated with the use of "baseline sampling". To implement this method, a thermal imager measures the temperature of a specially selected group of perfectly healthy people, with whom the temperature of all others is compared. As a result of the conducted research the requirements to carrying out measurements of body temperature by IR thermometers for reception of reliable results are substantiated and offers on maintenance of these requirements for the purpose of increase of collective safety are put forward. It was found that the lack of calibration when measuring the body temperature of 50 university visitors with an IR thermometer is the cause of gross systematic error, which needs to be corrected by correcting. To increase the reliability of measurements, it is necessary to develop and test a simple and effective method of calibrating IR thermometers, suitable in normal operating conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the IR thermometer before the measurements, which eliminates the systematic measurement error. The practical significance of the study is to determine the optimal conditions for the use of the device for non-contact temperature screening in a pandemic. The results of the work will be useful both for further study of increasing the reliability of the results of remote temperature measurement, and may be useful in the learning process.
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Bigarina, A. N., and K. H. Shaikenova. "RAISING CALVES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE AKMOLA REGION." Ġylym ža̋ne bìlìm 1, no. 1 (March 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2021-1-1-18-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents the results of research on the growth and development of calves obtained from cows during early insemination. The object of the study was calves from birth to 6 months of age of a black-and-white breed of a dairy farm «Kamyshenka» LLP in the Astrakhan district of the Akmola region. Two experimental groups of calves were formed in a dairy farm. Group I included calves from cows inseminated at 14-15 months of age, and group II included calves from cows inseminated at 16-17 months of age. The following indicators were studied: live weight of calves at birth and at the age of 6 months, average daily, absolute and relative increases in live weight were calculated. At the same time, the exterior profile was studied by measurements from birth to 6 months of age, followed by the calculation of body indices. The live weight of calves at birth in the first experimental group averaged 30.9±0,32 kg, while in the second it was at the level of 29.8±0,44 kg, and at the age of 6 months it was 149.2±2,3 kg and 147.3±2,4± kg, respectively. According to the exterior profile data, there are also better indicators in the first experimental group than in the second, since the oblique length of the trunk was 104.43±0,7 and 102.33±0,9 cm, respectively. The difference in body type indices ranged from 0.58-1.41%, respectively.
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SPINKS, LEE. "“The House of Your Church Is Burning”: Race and Responsibility in Marilynne Robinson's Gilead." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816000633.
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This article examines Marilynne Robinson's novel Gilead in dialogue with her speculative reflection upon Dietrich Bonhoeffer's theology to read the novel as a radically ambivalent text which exposes an aporia at the core of the Reverend Ames's Christian ethics. This ambivalence appears in the way that Ames's version of his own family history works assiduously to expiate the perceived violence done to ethics by his grandfather's support for abolitionist violence while remaining haunted by the thought that in the unforgiving context of Bleeding Kansas simply to insist upon an absolute distinction between violence on the one hand and ethics and law on the other may be irreconcilable with the workings of good faith and the ends of justice. Reinterpreting Ames's narrative in the light of Jacques Derrida's reflection on the paradoxical structure of ethical responsibility, the article argues that the violence done to Ames's ethical reflection by the memory of the grandfather, John Brown, and the excluded black body reveals the agonistic location of the ethics of abolitionist history between two kinds of violence on the uncertain border between justice and law which defines the ground of every genuinely ethical decision.
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Tumampos, J., N. Wulf, H. Kühnert, O. Solbrig, J. Querengässer, and M. Heinke. "Cardiac index in atrio- and interventricular delay optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy and cardiac contractility modulation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0023.
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AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for heart failure patients and improves quality of life in patients with sinus rhythm, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left bundle branch block and wide QRS duration. Since approximately sixty percent of heart failure patients have a normal QRS duration they do not benefit or respond to the CRT. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) releases nonexcitatoy impulses during the absolute refractory period in order to enhance the strength of the left ventricular contraction. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate differences in cardiac index between optimized and nonoptimized CRT and CCM devices versus standard values. Impedance cardiography, a noninvasive method was used to measure cardiac index (CI), a useful parameter which describes the blood volume during one minutes heart pumps related to the body surface. CRT patients indicate an increase of 39.74 percent and CCM patients an improvement of 21.89 percent more cardiac index with an optimized device.
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Navin, Kumar, Kumari Nandani, and Shrivastava Abhijeet Kumar. "A study of effect of sex, season, type and parity of birth on absolute and relative body weight of Black Bengal goats at different ages under farm condition of management." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2021.v9.i1c.8146.
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Ferrannini, Ele, Ricardo Pereira-Moreira, Marta Seghieri, Eleni Rebelos, Aglécio L. Souza, Valeria B. Chueire, Caterina Arvia, and Elza Muscelli. "Insulin enhances renal glucose excretion: relation to insulin sensitivity and sodium-glucose cotransport." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (May 2020): e001178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001178.
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IntroductionInsulin regulates renal glucose production and utilization; both these fluxes are increased in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether insulin also controls urinary glucose excretion is not known.MethodsWe applied the pancreatic clamp technique in 12 healthy subjects and 13 T2D subjects. Each participant received a somatostatin infusion and a variable glucose infusion to achieve (within 1 hour) and maintain glycemia at 22 mmol/L for 3 hours; next, a constant insulin infusion (240 pmol/min/kg) was added for another 3 hours. Urine was collected separately in each period for glucose and creatinine determination.ResultsDuring saline, glucose excretion was lower in T2D than controls in absolute terms (0.49 (0.32) vs 0.69 (0.18) mmol/min, median (IQR), p=0.01) and as a fraction of filtered glucose (16.2 (6.4) vs 19.9 (7.5)%, p<0.001). With insulin, whole-body glucose disposal rose more in controls than T2D (183 (48) vs 101 (48) µmol/kgFFM/min, p<0.0003). Insulin stimulated absolute and fractional glucose excretion in controls (p<0.01) but not in T2D. Sodium excretion paralleled glucose excretion. In the pooled data, fractional glucose excretion was directly related to whole-body glucose disposal and to fractional sodium excretion (r=0.52 and 0.54, both p<0.01). In another group of healthy controls, empagliflozin was administered before starting the pancreatic clamp to block sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). Under these conditions, insulin still enhanced both glucose and sodium excretion.ConclusionsAcute exogenous insulin infusion jointly stimulates renal glucose and sodium excretion, indicating that the effect may be mediated by SGLTs. This action is resistant in patients with diabetes, accounting for their increased retention of glucose and sodium, and is not abolished by partial SGLT2 inhibition by empagliflozin.