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1
BROOKE, C. J., T. V. RILEY, and D. J. HAMPSON. "Comparison of prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of the intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in four Australian populations." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 3 (September 15, 2005): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the prevalence of the intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in different Western Australian (WA) populations. Faecal samples included 287 from rural patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, comprising 142 from non-Aboriginal and 145 from Aboriginal people; 227 from recent healthy migrants to WA from developing countries; and 90 from healthy non-Aboriginal individuals living in Perth, WA. DNA was extracted from faeces, and subjected to PCR assays for both species. B. pilosicoli-positive individuals were confined to the rural Aboriginal (14·5%) and migrant (15·0%) groups. B. aalborgi was detected at a lower but similar prevalence in all four groups: rural non-Aboriginals, 5·6%; rural Aboriginals, 6·9%; migrants, 7·9%; controls, 5·6%. In migrants and Aborigines, the presence of B. pilosicoli and B. aalborgi was associated (P<0·001), suggesting that colonization by B. pilosicoli may be facilitated by colonization with B. aalborgi. Amongst the Aboriginal patients, logistic regression identified both spirochaete species as being associated with chronic diarrhoea, failure to thrive and being underweight. Both species may have pathogenic potential, but B. aalborgi appears more host-adapted than the opportunistic B. pilosicoli.
2
Laugharne, Jonathan. "Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 6 (June 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.6.364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When the Australian Governor General, Sir William Deane, referred in a speech in 1996 to the “appalling problems relating to Aboriginal health” he was not exaggerating. The Australia Bureau of Statistics report on The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than non-Aboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal Australians. Death rates from infectious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals – and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded.
3
Goodman, Karen J., Kevan Jacobson, and Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten. "Helicobacter PyloriInfection in Canadian and Related Arctic Aboriginal Populations." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 3 (2008): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/258610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2006, the Canadian Helicobacter Study Group identified Aboriginal communities among Canadian population groups most at risk ofHelicobacter pylori-associated disease. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize what is known about theH pylori-associated disease burden in Canadian and related Arctic Aboriginal populations to identify gaps in knowledge. Six health literature databases were systematically searched to identify reports onH pyloriprevalence in Canadian population groups, or any topic related toH pyloriin Canadian Aboriginals, Alaska Natives or Aboriginals of other Arctic regions. Identified reports were organized by subtopic and summarized in narrative form. Key data from studies ofH pyloriprevalence in defined populations were summarized in tabular form. A few Arctic Aboriginal communities were represented in the literature: two Canadian Inuit; one Canadian First Nation; two Greenland Inuit; one Russian Chutkotka Native; and several Alaska Native studies. These studies uniformly showed elevatedH pyloriprevalence; a few studies also showed elevated occurrence ofH pylori-related diseases and high rates of treatment failure. Based on the evidence, it would be warranted for clinicians to relax the criteria for investigatingH pyloriand related diseases in patients from Arctic Aboriginal communities, and to pursue post-therapy confirmation of eradication. Additional community-based research is needed to develop public health policies for reducingH pylori-associated health risks in such communities.
4
BROOKE, C. J., A. N. CLAIR, A. S. J. MIKOSZA, T. V. RILEY, and D. J. HAMPSON. "Carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by humans: epidemiological data from Western Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 127, no. 2 (October 2001): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880100588x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to investigate carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by selected population groups in Western Australia. Stool specimens from 293 rural patients with gastrointestinal disorders, and from 227 healthy migrants from developing countries were cultured. Spirochaete isolates were identified using PCR, and typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Brachyspira aalborgi was not isolated. Brachyspira pilosicoli was recovered from 15 rural patients, all Aboriginal. Prevalence was 9·9% in 151 Aboriginals and 0% in 142 non-Aboriginals. Carriage of B. pilosicoli amongst migrants was 10·6% (24/227). Carriage was significantly increased in Aboriginal children aged 2–5 years (P = 0·0027) and in migrant individuals from the Middle East and Africa (P = 0·0034). Carriage was significantly associated with detection of faecal protozoa in both Aboriginals (P = 0·0021) and migrants (P = 0·012). PFGE results indicated that the B. pilosicoli strains were genetically diverse.
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Ofner-Agostini, Marianna, Andrew E. Simor, Michael Mulvey, Elizabeth Bryce, Mark Loeb, Allison McGeer, Alex Kiss, and Shirley Paton. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Canadian Aboriginal People." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (March 2006): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe 279 hospitalized Canadian aboriginals in whom methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was detected. They were identified in 38 Canadian hospitals from 1995 through 2002. Compared with nonaboriginals, aboriginals were more likely to be younger than 18 years of age (OR, 1.8;P<.0001), to have had an MRSA infection (OR, 3.8;P<.0001), and to have had MRSA isolated from specimens of skin or soft tissue (OR, 4.1;P= .016). The clinical features of MRSA infection in aboriginals are distinct from those in the general patient population with MRSA infection in Canadian hospitals, and the genetic background of MRSA isolates from aboriginals also varies from that of strains from the non-aboriginal population.
6
Gunzburg, S., M. Gracey, V. Burke, and B. Chang. "Epidemiology and microbiology of diarrhoea in young Aboriginal children in the Kimberley region of Western Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 1 (February 1992): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Infectious diarrhoea is common in young Australian Aborigines [1–3] and is one of the main causes for their unsatisfactory health standards with consequent widespread failure to thrive and undernutrition [4–5]. Most published reports relate to patients in hospital or to hospital admission statistics and give little indication of the extent or severity of diarrhoeal disease in children in Aboriginal communities.The present investigation involved more than 100 Aboriginal children up to 5 years of age living in remote communities in the tropical north of Western Australia who were studied prospectively over a 12–month period.
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Kuwornu, JP, LM Lix, and S. Shooshtari. "Multimorbidity disease clusters in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Caucasian populations in Canada." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, no. 4 (November 2014): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.4.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Patterns of multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases, may not be constant across populations. Our study objectives were to compare prevalence estimates of multimorbidity in the Aboriginal population in Canada and a matched non-Aboriginal Caucasian population and identify the chronic diseases that cluster in these groups. Methods We used data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify adult (≥ 18 years) respondents who self-identified as Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal Caucasian origin and reported having 2 or more of the 15 most prevalent chronic conditions measured in the CCHS. Aboriginal respondents who met these criteria were matched on sex and age to non-Aboriginal Caucasian respondents. Analyses were stratified by age (18–54 years and ≥ 55 years). Prevalence was estimated using survey weights. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify disease clusters. Results A total of 1642 Aboriginal respondents were matched to the same number of non-Aboriginal Caucasian respondents. Overall, 38.9% (95% CI: 36.5%–41.3%) of Aboriginal respondents had two or more chronic conditions compared to 30.7% (95% CI: 28.9%–32.6%) of non-Aboriginal respondents. Comparisons of LCA results revealed that three or four clusters provided the best fit to the data. There were similarities in the diseases that tended to co-occur amongst older groups in both populations, but differences existed between the populations amongst the younger groups. Conclusion We found a small group of younger Aboriginal respondents who had complex co-occurring chronic diseases; these individuals may especially benefit from disease management programs.
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Hotez, Peter J. "Aboriginal Populations and Their Neglected Tropical Diseases." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): e2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002286.
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Daniel, Mark, Peter Lekkas, and Margaret Cargo. "Environments and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Aboriginal Populations." Heart, Lung and Circulation 19, no. 5-6 (May 2010): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2010.01.005.
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Chao, Jian-Kang, Mi-Chia Ma, Yen-Chin Lin, Han-Sun Chiang, and Thomas I.-Sheng Hwang. "Study on Alcohol Dependence and Factors Related to Erectile Dysfunction Among Aborigines in Taiwan." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 3 (July 24, 2014): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314543657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relatively few studies have addressed the risk factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Taiwanese— most have described ED and medical problems in the general population. In this study, the cardiovascular risk factors of ED among aborigines in Taiwan were investigated. However, alcohol dependence (AD) was prevalent in Taiwan’s aborigine population. So this study also focused on the relationship among AD, the cardiovascular risk factors and ED. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data was obtained from a baseline survey of 192 aboriginal adults (35-75 years of age). The participants’ demographic data, AD, markers of endothelial function, serum testosterone, and ED status were assessed. Ninety-four (49%) of the 192 participants had a history of alcoholism and 79 (84%) of those with alcoholism had ED. The study reported that AD and hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), ED, abnormality of testosterone, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are highly prevalent among the aborigines. Factors that may affect ED included age, AD, central obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, MetS, and testosterone. ED is highly prevalent among aborigines with the risk factors of AD, MetS, old age, and abnormal testosterone serum level. MetS, atherosclerosis, and ED are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Hence, an increased focus on Taiwanese aborigines with ED is necessary.
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Chen, Jiayi. "The Role of High Fat Diet in Metabolic Diseases: An Inspection of Canadian Population." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 19 (November 17, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v19i.2696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes account for about 20% of the population in Canada. Diets containing high amount of fats may be one of the most crucial causes of metabolic diseases. Canadian diets composing of large portion of ultra-processed foods containing saturated fatty acids constitutes for potential risks for health conditions regarding obesity and other diseases. Of the entire Canadian population, the aboriginal community and low-income households consume higher amount of ultra-processed foods and are more prone to metabolic diseases. Traditional diets of aboriginal people may be a healthier choice though the amount of fat contained in both diets are equal. As of non-aboriginal Canadians, alternative foods such as high-fat dairy product is not related with the progression of metabolic diseases. Thus, a switch in diet, proper education, and adjustment in public health policies regarding ultra-processed foods and high fat foods may be crucial in reducing the prevalence of metabolic diseases.
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Ng, C., S. Chatwood, and TK Young. "Arthritis in the Canadian Aboriginal population: north-south differences in prevalence and correlates." Chronic Diseases in Canada 31, no. 1 (December 2010): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.31.1.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Information on arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders among Aboriginal people is sparse. Survey data show that arthritis and rheumatism are among the most commonly reported chronic conditions and their prevalence is higher than among non-Aboriginal people. Objective To describe the burden of arthritis among Aboriginal people in northern Canada and demonstrate the public health significance and social impact of the disease. Methods Using cross-sectional data from more than 29 000 Aboriginal people aged 15 years and over who participated in the Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2006, we assessed regional differences in the prevalence of arthritis and its association with other risk factors, co-morbidity and health care use. Results The prevalence of arthritis in the three northern territories ("North") is 12.7% compared to 20.1% in the provinces ("South") and is higher among females than males in both the North and South. The prevalence among Inuit is lower than among other Aboriginal groups. Individuals with arthritis are more likely to smoke, be obese, have concurrent chronic diseases, and are less likely to be employed. Aboriginal people with arthritis utilized the health care system more often than those without the disease. Conclusion Aboriginal-specific findings on arthritis and other chronic diseases as well as recognition of regional differences between North and South will enhance program planning and help identify new priorities in health promotion.
13
Chan, WW, C. Ng, and TK Young. "Cross-Canada Forum – How we identify and count Aboriginal people—does it make a difference in estimating their disease burden?" Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 33, no. 4 (September 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction We examined the concordance between the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions used to estimate the size of the Aboriginal population in Canada and whether the different definitions affect the prevalence of selected chronic diseases. Methods Based on responses to the ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions in the CCHS combined 2009–2010 microdata file, Aboriginal participants were divided into 4 groups: identity only; ancestry only; either ancestry or identity; and both ancestry and identity. Prevalence of diabetes, arthritis and hypertension was estimated based on participants reporting that a health professional had told them that they have the condition(s). Results Of participants who identified themselves as Aboriginal, only 63% reported having an Aboriginal ancestor; of those who claimed Aboriginal ancestry, only 57% identified themselves as Aboriginal. The lack of concordance also differs according to whether the individual was First Nation, Métis or Inuit. The different method of estimating the Aboriginal population, however, does not significantly affect the prevalence of the three selected chronic diseases. Conclusion The lack of concordance requires further investigation by combining more cycles of CCHS to compare discrepancy across regions, genders and socio-economic status. Its impact on a broader list of health conditions should be examined.
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Tjepkema, M., R. Wilkins, S. Senécal, É. Guimond, and C. Penney. "Mortality of urban Aboriginal adults in Canada, 1991–2001." Chronic Diseases in Canada 31, no. 1 (December 2010): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.31.1.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective To compare mortality patterns for urban Aboriginal adults with those of urban non-Aboriginal adults. Methods Using the 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study, our study tracked mortality to December 31, 2001, among a 15% sample of adults, including 16 300 Aboriginal and 2 062 700 non-Aboriginal persons residing in urban areas on June 4, 1991. The Aboriginal population was defined by ethnic origin (ancestry), Registered Indian status and/or membership in an Indian band or First Nation, since the 1991 census did not collect information on Aboriginal identity. Results Compared to urban non-Aboriginal men and women, remaining life expectancy at age 25 years was 4.7 years and 6.5 years shorter for urban Aboriginal men and women, respectively. Mortality rate ratios for urban Aboriginal men and women were particularly elevated for alcohol-related deaths, motor vehicle accidents and infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. For most causes of death, urban Aboriginal adults had higher mortality rates compared to other urban residents. Socio-economic status played an important role in explaining these disparities. Conclusion Results from this study help fill a data gap on mortality information of urban Aboriginal people of Canada.
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Reekie, Joanne, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S. Hocking, John M. Kaldor, Donna B. Mak, Sallie Pearson, et al. "Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity in Western Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women 2001–2013: a population-based cohort study." Sexual Health 14, no. 6 (2017): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: This study aimed to examine trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women of reproductive age. Methods: A cohort of 318002 women, born between 1974 and 1995, residing in Western Australia (WA) was determined from birth registrations and the 2014 electoral roll. This cohort was then probabilistically linked to all records of chlamydia and gonorrhoea nucleic acid amplification tests conducted by two large WA pathology laboratories between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2013. Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity were investigated over time and stratified by Aboriginality and age group. Results: The proportion of women tested annually for chlamydia increased significantly between 2001 and 2013 from 24.5% to 36.6% in Aboriginal and 4.0% to 8.5% in non-Aboriginal women (both P-values <0.001). Concurrent testing was high (>80%) and so patterns of gonorrhoea testing were similar. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity were substantially higher in Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal women; age-, region- and year-adjusted incidence rate ratios were 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.69, P < 0.001) and 11.80 (95% CI 10.77–12.91, P < 0.001) respectively. Chlamydia positivity increased significantly in non-Aboriginal women aged 15–19 peaking in 2011 at 13.3% (95% CI 12.5–14.2%); trends were less consistent among 15–19-year-old Aboriginal women but positivity also peaked in 2011 at 18.5% (95% CI 16.9–20.2%). Gonorrhoea positivity was 9.7% (95% CI 9.3–10.1%), 6.7% (95% CI 6.4–7.0%), 4.7% (4.4–5.0%), and 3.1% (2.8–3.4%) among Aboriginal women aged respectively 15–19, 20–24, 25–29 and ≥30 years, compared with <1% in all age groups in non-Aboriginal women. Over time, gonorrhoea positivity declined in all age groups among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. Conclusion: Between 2001 and 2013 in WA chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity remained highest in young Aboriginal women despite chlamydia positivity increasing among young non-Aboriginal women. More effective prevention strategies, particularly for young Aboriginal women, are needed to address these disparities.
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Chang, Y.-M., C.-K. Shen, C.-H. Chiu, H.-J. Chiang, L.-C. Lu, and S.-H. Liou. "Burden of tuberculosis among aboriginal and non-aboriginal Taiwanese, 1996–2006." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.09.0579.
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CHARLAND, K. M., J. S. BROWNSTEIN, A. VERMA, T. BREWER, S. JONES, A. GATEWOOD HOEN, and D. L. BUCKERIDGE. "Increased influenza-related healthcare utilization by residents of an urban aboriginal community." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 12 (January 20, 2011): 1902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810003109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYMost studies describing high rates of acute respiratory illness in aboriginals have focused on rural or remote communities. Hypothesized causes include socioeconomic deprivation, limited access to healthcare, and a high prevalence of chronic disease. To assess influenza rates in an aboriginal community while accounting for healthcare access, deprivation and chronic disease prevalence, we compared rates of influenza-related outpatient and emergency-department visits in an urban Mohawk reserve (Kahnawá:ke) to rates in neighbouring regions with comparable living conditions and then restricted the analysis to a sub-population with a low chronic disease prevalence, i.e. those aged <20 years. Using medical billing claims from 1996 to 2006 we estimated age-sex standardized rate ratios. The rate in Kahnawá:ke was 58% greater than neighbouring regions and 98% greater in the analysis of those aged <20 years. Despite relatively favourable socioeconomic conditions and healthcare access, rates of influenza-related visits in Kahnawá:ke were elevated, particularly in the younger age groups.
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Morton, Patricia, Gillian Barlow, and Ross Bailie. "Bug Breakfast in theBulletin: Waterborne diseases among Aboriginal people." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 21, no. 8 (2010): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb09020.
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Williams, P., M. Gracey, and P. Smith. "Hospitalization of aboriginal and non-aboriginal patients for respiratory tract diseases in Western Australia, 1988-1993." International Journal of Epidemiology 26, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.4.797.
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Gracey, Michael. "Gastrointestinal Disease in Malnourished Children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 15, no. 1-2 (May 29, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi15.1-2.1975.25-33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In communities where malnutrition is common, gastrointestinal diseases are prominent and contribute largely to unfavourable morbidity and mortality statistics. Patterns of gastrointestinal disease were studied in two such cotnmunities; Aboriginal children in Western Australia and children admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.Two hundred and fifty one (251) young Aborigines were studied. Forty percent of them malnourished, 37% were anaemic and more than 50% had enteric pathogens in their stools. Sugar intolerance was also common (25%). Similar clinical features are seen in the children from Jakarta but more severe forms of malnutrition and gross vitamin deficiency occurred more often.Thirteen of the Aboriginal children died; at necropsy the most remarkable finding wass fatty infiltration of the liver which some cases was extreme. This, of course, is characteristic of protein-calorie malnutrition add has been well documented in other studies. Other pathological findings included severe purulent infections, septic infarcts, haemolysis, acanthocytosis, thrombocytopenia and vascular catastrophes.
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Blyton, Greg. "Smoking Kills." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i2.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper brings to the reader‟s attention a history of tobacco smoking that arguably had a negative effect on the health of Aboriginal communities in the Hunter region of central eastern New South Wales during the early colonial contact period from 1800 to 1850. Furthermore, it will also be shown that tobacco was used by colonists to engage the services of Aboriginal people, not only in Aboriginal communities in the Hunter region, but further afield across many other frontiers of colonial expansion in Australia in the 19th century. It will be demonstrated through primary archival and secondary sources that colonists utilised tobacco as a coercive agent to appease, befriend, pacify, coerce and remunerate Aboriginal People, resulting in widespread addiction. It is argued that tobacco smoking not only undermined the health of traditional communities, but also this unhealthy habit has been largely overlooked in measurements of the impact of colonization on the health of Indigenous people. While historians widely acknowledge that exotic diseases such as smallpox had a negative effect on the health of Aboriginal People, it is rarely considered in contemporary historical accounts that tobacco had an even more insidious effect on the well being of Aboriginal societies during the early colonial contact period. Furthermore, while diseases such as smallpox have hopefully disappeared forever, health destroyers like tobacco have endured and continue to impact on Aboriginal health. Finally, this paper recognises the enormity of challenges faced by health authorities, and indeed Indigenous Australians, in contemporary society in combating a chronic problem that has been embedded in Aboriginal post-colonial culture during the long course of European occupation.
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Santiago, Pedro Henrique Ribeiro, Marko Milosevic, Xiangqun Ju, Wendy Cheung, Dandara Haag, and Lisa Jamieson. "A network psychometric validation of the Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (COHQoL) questionnaire among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): e0273373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Australia, research evidence has shown that Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children experience a higher burden of oral health diseases compared to other non-Indigenous children. The impact of oral health diseases on children’s functional and psychosocial outcomes led to the development of several instruments to evaluate child oral health-related quality of life (COHQoL), such as the Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS). However, the psychometric properties of these instruments have been evaluated only in Western cultures and have not been investigated for Aboriginal children in Australia. The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the short-forms P-CPQ and FIS for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children aged 2–3 years. Data were collected from the South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC), including 270 Aboriginal children aged 2–3 years. Network psychometric models were used to investigate dimensionality, item redundancy, structural consistency and item stability, model fit, internal consistency reliability and criterion validity. We propose an instrument named Aboriginal Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (A-COHQoL). Our findings indicated that, after the exclusion of four problematic items, the A-COHQoL showed a three-dimensional structure (“Parent/Family Activities”, “COHQoL” and “Family Conflict”) with good model fit and reliability. The A-COHQoL is a psychometrically robust and sensitive instrument that is readily available for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children aged 2–3 years in Australia and can be adapted in the future for Indigenous child groups in other countries.
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Graham, Simon, Catherine C. O'Connor, Stephen Morgan, Catherine Chamberlain, and Jane Hocking. "Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) are Australia’s first peoples. Between 2006 and 2015, HIV notifications increased among Aboriginal people; however, among non-Aboriginal people, notifications remained relatively stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people overall and by subgroups. Methods: In November 2015, a search of PubMed and Web of Science, grey literature and abstracts from conferences was conducted. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people tested and those who tested positive for HIV. The following variables were extracted: gender; Aboriginal status; population group (men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, adults, youth in detention and pregnant females) and geographical location. An assessment of between study heterogeneity (I2 test) and within study bias (selection, measurement and sample size) was also conducted. Results: Seven studies were included; all were cross-sectional study designs. The overall sample size was 3772 and the prevalence of HIV was 0.1% (I2 = 38.3%, P = 0.136). Five studies included convenient samples of people attending Australian Needle and Syringe Program Centres, clinics, hospitals and a youth detention centre, increasing the potential of selection bias. Four studies had a sample size, thus decreasing the ability to report pooled estimates. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people in Australia is low. Community-based programs that include both prevention messages for those at risk of infection and culturally appropriate clinical management and support for Aboriginal people living with HIV are needed to prevent HIV increasing among Aboriginal people.
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Bourke, Christopher J., Andrew McAuliffe, and Lisa M. Jamieson. "Addressing the oral health workforce needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tooth decay and gum disease, the main dental diseases affecting Australians, can cause pain and deformity as well as affecting eating and speech. Dental practitioners are efficient and effective in relieving dental pain, and they can effectively restore oral function. There is good evidence that better health care outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients are associated with care from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health professionals. Unfortunately, the representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people within the dental practitioner workforce is very low. We argue that a strategic approach, along with additional investment, is needed to increase the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people qualified as dental practitioners.
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Spokes, P., M. Bartlett, and K. Stewart. "19. INFECTIOUS SYPHILIS ELIMINATION FOR ABORIGINAL PEOPLE IN NSW: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Elimination of syphilis within Aboriginal communities is one of the stated goals of the NSW Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy 2006-2009. In 2007, a project was undertaken to inform strategy development to achieve the goal of elimination of infectious syphilis in Aboriginal communities. Australian and international literature on elimination strategies for syphilis, STIs and other diseases was reviewed. Surveillance data were accessed through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and NSW Notifiable Disease Database and analysed to describe the current burden of disease. Key informants were consulted for advice on elimination strategies for infectious syphilis for Aboriginal people and possible barriers to the goal. Infectious syphilis notifications for Aboriginal people have decreased significantly from 64% of all infectious syphilis cases in 1995 to 3% in 2006. For the rest of the population notifications have increased. Changes in male to female ratios and an increase in metropolitan notifications have been noted in recent years. Improvements in recording of Aboriginality information for infectious syphilis in NSW have allowed greater confidence in interpreting these trends. The role of accurate and complete surveillance information will play an important role in planning and directing the implementation of interventions to achieve the goal of syphilis elimination for Aboriginal people in NSW. Challenges to the goal of elimination and the feasibility of a disease elimination strategy specific for Aboriginal people include issues of access to services for testing, diagnosis and treatment; cross-border mobility of Aboriginal people; prevalence of syphilis in the wider community; and continued access to accurate information. Lessons learned from international and Australian elimination strategies; burden of disease information; definition of elimination and target rates; challenges and strategies for achieving the goal of syphilis elimination and will be discussed.
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Mazereeuw, Maegan V., Alexander Yurkiewich, Sehar Jamal, Caroline Cawley, Carmen R. Jones, and Loraine D. Marrett. "Cancer risk factors and screening in First Nations in Ontario." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 37, no. 6 (June 2017): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.6.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction A lack of identifiers in health administrative databases limits our understanding of the cancer burden in First Nations. This study compares cancer risk factors and screening between First Nations in Ontario (on and off reserve) and non-Aboriginal Ontarians using two unique health surveys. Methods We measured age-standardized prevalence estimates using the First Nations Regional Health Survey (RHS) Phase 2, 2008/10 (for First Nations on reserve) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), 2007–2013 (for First Nations off reserve and non-Aboriginal Ontarians). We used prevalence rate ratios (RR) and Pearson’s chisquare tests for differences in proportions to compare estimates between First Nations (on and off reserve) and non-Aboriginal Ontarians. Results A higher proportion of First Nation men, women and adolescents on reserve smoked (RR = 1.97, 2.78 and 7.21 respectively) and were obese (RR = 1.73, 2.33 and 3.29 respectively) compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. Similar patterns were observed for First Nations off reserve. Frequent binge drinking was also more prevalent among First Nation men and women living on reserve (RR = 1.28 and 2.22, respectively) and off reserve (RR = 1.70 and 1.45, respectively) than non-Aboriginal Ontarians. First Nation men and women on reserve were about half as likely to consume fruit at least twice per day and vegetables at least twice per day compared to non-Aboriginal men and women (RR = 0.53 and 0.54, respectively). Pap test uptake was similar across all groups, while First Nation women on reserve were less likely to have had a mammogram in the last five years than non-Aboriginal women (RR = 0.85). Conclusion First Nations, especially those living on reserve, have an increased risk for cancer and other chronic diseases compared to non-Aboriginal Ontarians. These results provide evidence to support policies and programs to reduce the future burden of cancer and other chronic diseases in First Nations in Ontario.
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Tarnovetskaia, Anastasia, and Linda Hopper Cook. "The Impact of Cultural Values, Family Involvement and Health Services on Mental Health and Mental Illness." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 1, no. 2 (April 14, 2009): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy6154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores the impact of cultural values, the role of the family, access to and usage of culturally acceptable health services for three distinct Canadian cultural groups. Specifically the paper examines the mind/body/spirit connection, the cultural impact of formal or informal social support, as well as access and willingness to seek help in the context of mental health among Canadian Aboriginals, Chinese and Asian Indian cultures. Three diseases that have been documented only within Canadian Aboriginal, Chinese and Asian Indian cultures are also examined. Through using examples from three separate and very distinct cultures, this paper hopes to foster a greater cross-cultural understanding of mental health and mental illness.
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MARKEY, P., V. KRAUSE, J. W. BOSLEGO, P. M. COPLAN, J. M. DARGAN, and K. M. KAPLAN. "The effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in a high risk population measured using immunization register data." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 1 (February 2001): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801005155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Northern Territory of Australia has had historically very high incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease greatest among Aboriginal infants less than 12 months. This study documents the impact of conjugate Hib vaccines introduced in 1993. Immunization rates were monitored using an existing immunization register, and case finding was done retrospectively using hospital and laboratory records. Following the vaccine introduction, the incidence fell abruptly to a seventh of its pre-vaccination level, in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. The effectiveness of PRP-OMPC (PedvaxHIBTM) was 97·5% and the overall effectiveness of the vaccination programme was 86·3%. The study shows Hib immunization as an effective intervention while discussing continuing needs for Hib control in high risk populations. It also illustrates the benefit of immunization registers in the evaluation of immunization programmes and assessment of vaccine effectiveness.
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Al‐Mekhlafi, H. M., M. A. K. Mahdy, M. Y. ’Azlin, M. S. Fatmah, and M. Norhayati. "ChildhoodCryptosporidiuminfection among aboriginal communities in Peninsular Malaysia." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 105, no. 2 (March 2011): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136485911x12899838683368.
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Bryant, Joanne, James Ward, Heather Worth, Peter Hull, Sarina Solar, and Sandra Bailey. "Safer sex and condom use: a convenience sample of Aboriginal young people in New South Wales." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10138.
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Background This paper examines condom use in a sample of Aboriginal young people in New South Wales (NSW) aged 16–30 years. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected using hand-held computer devices from 293 Aboriginal people attending two Aboriginal events in NSW. Results: Almost two-thirds of respondents reported having had a casual sex partner in the previous 6 months. Of these, 39.2% reported always using a condom with casual partners. Having always used a condom with casual partners varied among respondents, and was more likely among younger respondents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.1) and less likely among those who used illicit drugs (AOR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Conclusions: In comparison to published studies of other Australians, casual sex appears to be more common among this sample of Aboriginal young people; however, the proportion who report having always used condoms with casual partners is very similar. This suggests that although casual sex is more common, Aboriginal young people do not engage in risky behaviour any more often than other young Australians. Further work should be conducted with those who do not always use condoms, such as those who are older and who use illicit drugs, particularly with regards to how abstinence from drug use supports protective behaviours such as condom use among this population of Aboriginal young people.
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Crosby, Alfred W., and Judy Campbell. "Invisible Invaders: Smallpox and Other Diseases in Aboriginal Australia, 1780-1880." Health and History 4, no. 2 (2002): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40111443.
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Graham, Simon, Lucy Watchirs Smith, Christopher K. Fairley, and Jane Hocking. "Prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomonas in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sexual Health 13, no. 2 (2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Higher notification rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) are reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) compared with non-Aboriginal people in Australia. The aim of this study is to estimate the pooled prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomonas among Aboriginal people in Australia by sex, age-group, setting (clinic vs population/community-based) and population group [adults, pregnant females, young people (12–29 years) and prisoners]. The databases Medline, PubMed and Web of Science were searched in May 2015. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of the four STIs in Aboriginal people and if possible, by gender, age-group, setting and population group. A total of 46 studies were included. The pooled prevalence was 11.2% (95%CI: 9.4–13.0%) for chlamydia (36 studies), 12.5% (95%CI: 10.5–14.6%) for gonorrhoea (28 studies), 16.8% (95%CI: 11.0–22.6%) for syphilis (13 studies) and 22.6% (95%CI: 18.5–26.7%) for trichomonas (11 studies); however, there was significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 <97.5%, P < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, a higher pooled prevalence occurred in females than males for chlamydia (12.7% vs 7.7%) and gonorrhoea (10.7% vs 8.1%). The prevalence of chlamydia was 12.4% in clinic-based compared with 4.3% in population-based studies. The highest pooled prevalence by population group was among pregnant females (16.8%) and young people (16.2%) for chlamydia, pregnant females (25.2%) for trichomonas; and young people for gonorrhoea (11.9%). This review highlights the need to decrease the prevalence of STIs among Aboriginal people through community-based programs that target asymptomatic young people.
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Bell, Stephen, James Ward, Peter Aggleton, Walbira Murray, Bronwyn Silver, Andrew Lockyer, Tellisa Ferguson, et al. "Young Aboriginal people's sexual health risk reduction strategies: a qualitative study in remote Australia." Sexual Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Surveillance data indicate that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people are more likely than their non-Indigenous counterparts to experience sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy. Despite increasing emphasis on the need for strengths-based approaches to Aboriginal sexual health, limited published data document how young Aboriginal people reduce sexual health risks encountered in their everyday lives. Methods: In-depth interviews with 35 young Aboriginal women and men aged 16–21 years in two remote Australian settings were conducted; inductive thematic analysis examining sexual health risk reduction practices was also conducted. Results: Participants reported individual and collective STI and pregnancy risk reduction strategies. Individual practices included accessing and carrying condoms; having a regular casual sexual partner; being in a long-term trusting relationship; using long-acting reversible contraception; having fewer sexual partners; abstaining from sex; accessing STI testing. More collective strategies included: refusing sex without a condom; accompanied health clinic visits with a trusted individual; encouraging friends to use condoms and go for STI testing; providing friends with condoms. Conclusion: Findings broaden understanding of young Aboriginal people’s sexual health risk reduction strategies in remote Aboriginal communities. Findings signal the need for multisectoral STI prevention and sexual health programs driven by young people’s existing harm minimisation strategies and cultural models of collective support. Specific strategies to enhance young people’s sexual health include: peer condom distribution; accompanied health service visits; peer-led health promotion; continued community-based condom distribution; enhanced access to a fuller range of available contraception in primary care settings; engaging health service-experienced young people as ‘youth health workers’.
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Becker, Marissa L., Ken Kasper, Carla Pindera, Mary Cheang, Debbie Rodger, Stephen Sanche, Stuart Skinner, and M. John Gill. "Characterizing the HIV Epidemic in the Prairie Provinces." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 23, no. 1 (2012): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408561.
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BACKGROUND: The numbers and demographics of HIV-positive patients in care between 2003 and 2007 in the prairie provinces were examined.METHODS: Estimates of HIV-positive patients presenting to care between 2003 and 2007 were obtained from four clinic registries in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and southern Alberta. Detailed data were collected from clinical records of new patients in 2007.RESULTS: By the end of December 2007, 2263 HIV-positive persons were in care in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and southern Alberta. Males and females accounted for 1674 (74.0%) and 589 of the cases, respectively. Overall, there was a 12% increase per year in new HIV cases to care between 2003 and 2007 (P=0.026), with the rate of increase for males being 60% higher than for females over this time period (P=0.002). In 2007, there were 222 new HIV cases to care (37.4% female). Heterosexual contact was the most common HIV risk, but diversity was seen across sites with frequent injection drug use and men who have sex with men risk in Saskatchewan and southern Alberta, respectively. The Aboriginal population remains heavily over-represented, with approximately 36.0% of new cases being Aboriginal. Late presentation was common across all care sites, with 35.1% of cases presenting with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3.DISCUSSION: Heterosexual risk is the most common risk reported for HIV acquisition, but injection drug use risk remains significant in Saskatchewan. Aboriginals are over-represented at all sites, and in Saskatchewan accounted for the majority of new cases seen. In contrast to national trends, numbers of new and late diagnoses are increasing in the praire provinces, and this has significant treatment implications and potential public health consequences. Further efforts need to be made to facilitate earlier testing and linkage to care.
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Dalcin, Daniel, and Syed Zaki Ahmed. "Blastomycosis in Northwestern Ontario, 2004 to 2014." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 26, no. 5 (2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/468453.
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Blastomycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused byBlastomyces dermatitidisand the recently discoveredBlastomyces gilchristii. The medical charts of 64 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario during a 10-year period (2004 to 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients diagnosed with blastomycosis in Ontario was observed to have increased substantially compared with before 1990, when blastomycosis was removed from the list of reportable diseases. Aboriginals were observed to be disproportionately represented in the patient population. Of the patients whose smoking status was known, 71.4% had a history of smoking. 59.4% of patients had underlying comorbidities and a higher comorbidity rate was observed among Aboriginal patients. The case-fatality rate from direct complications of blastomycosis disease was calculated to be 20.3%; this case-fatality rate is the highest ever to be reported in Canada and more than double that of previously published Canadian studies. The clinical characteristics of 64 patients diagnosed with blastomycosis are summarized.
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Worrall-Carter, Linda, Karen Daws, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sarah MacLean, Kevin Rowley, Shawana Andrews, Andrew MacIsaac, et al. "Exploring Aboriginal patients’ experiences of cardiac care at a major metropolitan hospital in Melbourne." Australian Health Review 40, no. 6 (2016): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15175.
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Objectives The aim of the present study was to explore Aboriginal patients’ lived experiences of cardiac care at a major metropolitan hospital in Melbourne. Methods The study was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 10 Aboriginal patients who had been treated in the cardiology unit at the study hospital during 2012–13. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the data. Results Eight themes emerged from the data, each concerning various aspects of participants’ experiences: ‘dislike of hospitals’, ‘system failures’, ‘engagement with hospital staff’, ‘experiences of racism’, ‘health literacy and information needs’, ‘self-identifying as Aboriginal’, ‘family involvement in care’ and ‘going home and difficulties adapting’. Most participants had positive experiences of the cardiac care, but hospitalisation was often challenging because of a sense of dislocation and disorientation. The stress of hospitalisation was greatly mediated by positive engagements with staff, but at times exacerbated by system failures or negative experiences. Conclusion Cardiac crises are stressful and hospital stays were particularly disorienting for Aboriginal people dislocated from their home land and community. What is known about the topic? Aboriginal people have higher mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases compared with other Australians. Along with different factors contributing to the life expectancy gap, Aboriginal people also face significant barriers in the use of the healthcare system. What does this paper add? Aboriginal patients’ lived experience of cardiac care at a major metropolitan hospital in Melbourne is explored in this paper. Different issues were revealed during their interaction with the hospital staff and the hospital system in conjunction with their cultural aspect of patient care. What are the implications for practitioners? Positive interactions with staff, ongoing support from family and community, culturally appropriate cardiac rehabilitation programs can improve the cardiac care experiences of Aboriginal patients.
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Jayakody, Amanda, Mariko Carey, Jamie Bryant, Stephen Ella, Paul Hussein, Eloise Warren, Shanell Bacon, Belinda Field, and Rob Sanson-Fisher. "Exploring experiences and perceptions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples readmitted to hospital with chronic disease in New South Wales, Australia: a qualitative study." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveThis study explored the experiences and perceptions of unplanned hospital readmissions from the perspective of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic disease. MethodWe conducted semi-structured interviews with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients readmitted to hospital with chronic disease. Interviews covered perceptions of avoidable readmissions, experiences of health care, medications and carer support. Inductive thematic analysis was used to code and analyse the data. ResultsFifteen patients with multiple chronic diseases were interviewed. Several participants believed their readmission was unavoidable due to their poor health, while others considered their readmission was avoidable due to perceived health professional and system failures. Enablers to chronic disease management included the importance of continuity of care and strong family networks, although a few participants struggled with isolation. Four themes emerged as barriers: poor communication from health professionals; low levels of health literacy and adherence to chronic disease management; poor access to community services; and health risk behaviours. ConclusionsThe participants in our study identified complex and interacting patient-, environmental-, encounter- and organisational-level factors as contributing to chronic disease management and unplanned readmissions. Our findings suggest systemic failures remain in access to basic services and access to culturally appropriate care. Family support and continuity of care were valued by participants. What is known about the topic?Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic diseases are more likely to be readmitted to hospital compared with non-Aboriginal people. Unplanned readmissions are associated with high health system costs, as well as poorer quality of life and psychological distress for the patient. What does this paper add?This paper describes the experiences and perceptions of unplanned readmissions by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic disease. Our findings suggest systemic failures exist in access to basic services for a safe and secure living environment, and access to culturally appropriate care that is delivered in a manner which promotes health literacy and self-management capacity. What are the implications for practitioners?Practitioners and policy makers should consider involving family members in discharge planning and other medical care, and funding for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and community services to enhance transport, care coordination, culturally appropriate disability and housing services, and health promotion.
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Koleade, Adetola, Jamie Farrell, Gerald Mugford, and Zhiwei Gao. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of ACO (Asthma-COPD Overlap) in Aboriginal People." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4657420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and Objective. Aboriginal peoples are at a higher risk of many chronic respiratory diseases compared to the general Canadian population. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), a disease newly described in 2015, are associated with frequent exacerbations, rapid decline in lung function, poor quality of life, high mortality, and disproportionate utilization of health-care resources than patients with asthma and COPD alone. The objective was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of ACO in Aboriginal peoples.Methods. Data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) were used for this study. The ACO definition was based on the respondent giving positive responses to both of the following questions“Do you/Does (name) have Asthma diagnosed by a health professional?”and“Do you/Does (name) have chronic bronchitis, emphysema or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease or COPD diagnosed by a health professional?” Results. Aboriginal peoples older than 45 years, women, widowed, separated, or divorced, having a total personal income below $20,000 were associated with a significant risk of ACO. Residing in Ontario, being a daily smoker, living in a rented dwelling, dwelling in need of major repairs, having diabetes, and working more than 40 hrs a week were also significantly associated with increased risk of ACO.Conclusion. The results from this study will provide information to aid the development of prevention and intervention strategies for Aboriginal communities.
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Yeshi, Karma, Gerry Turpin, Tenzin Jamtsho, and Phurpa Wangchuk. "Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Daniel, Mark. "Environments and pathways linking environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases in Aboriginal populations." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 5 (October 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.052.
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King, M. "Chronic diseases and mortality in Canadian Aboriginal peoples: learning from the knowledge." Chronic Diseases in Canada 31, no. 1 (December 2010): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.31.1.02.
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Mackie, B., and M. Sparks. "P01.03 Encouraging aboriginal gay men to test for hiv." Sexually Transmitted Infections 91, Suppl 2 (September 2015): A80.2—A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.214.
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Combs, B. G., C. M. Giele, and P. Van Buynder. "40. AN INCREASE IN HIV CASES REPORTING HETEROSEXUAL EXPOSURE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: In Australia, men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute the majority of newly diagnosed HIV cases. After a decline in the late 1990's, several Australian states have reported increases in HIV mainly attributed to MSM. There has also been an increase in HIV in Western Australia (WA), however recently, a larger proportion have been attributed to people who acquired the infection through heterosexual contact. Objective: This paper describes the epidemiology of HIV in WA from 2000 to 2006, focusing on the increase in cases with heterosexual exposure. Methods: In WA, notification of HIV cases is mandatory for doctors and laboratories. Information collected includes basic demographics and probable exposure. Descriptive analysis was carried out on de-identified HIV notification data from 2000 to 2006. Results: An annual average of 49 HIV cases were notified in 2000-2004. However, in 2005 and 2006, this increased to 64 and 72 cases respectively. The increase was mainly among non-Aboriginal males and females reporting heterosexual contact. The number of non-Aboriginal males who reported heterosexual contact increased from an average of 9 cases in 2000-2004 to an average of 20 cases in 2005-2006. The number of non-Aboriginal female cases reporting heterosexual exposure increased from an average of seven cases in 2000-2004 to 9 and 14 cases notified in 2005 and 2006 respectively. The majority of non-Aboriginal males reporting heterosexual exposure in 2005-2006 acquired their infection overseas (84%). Of these, 71% reported Asia as the place of acquisition. Of the non-Aboriginal females reporting heterosexual exposure in 2005-2006, 52% were acquired overseas. The number of Aboriginal cases remained stable between 2000 and 2006 fluctuating between 2 and 11 cases and continued to be mainly heterosexually acquired within WA. Conclusion: There has been an increase in the number of male and female HIV cases reporting heterosexual exposure in WA. A large proportion reported acquiring their infection overseas highlighting the need to raise awareness among people who travel, work in countries with high rates of HIV.
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Quadir, Tanvir, and Noori Akhtar-Danesh. "Fruit and Vegetable Intake In Canadian Ethnic Populations." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 71, no. 1 (March 2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/71.1.2010.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: We explored whether Canada's diverse ethnic population consumes an adequate daily amount of fruit and vegetables. We also examined the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and long-term diseases. Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 (CCHS 2.2), was used to determine the fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) of 13 racial groups, as well as of the entire population. Specifically, we determined median intake and proportions of the group consuming five or more daily servings. Multiple pairwise comparisons among the proportions were performed to detect ethnic groups with significantly low FVI. Logistic regression was also used to describe the risk of longterm diseases associated with FVI and ethnicity. Results: The percentages of Southeast Asian, Aboriginal (offreserve), and Chinese people who consumed five or more daily servings of fruit and vegetables were significantly lower than percentages in all other ethnic groups surveyed. Aboriginal people with the lowest FVI demonstrated the highest propensity for developing most of the long-term diseases. Conclusions: The majority of Canada's ethnic groups identified in the CCHS 2.2 fell short of the recommended FVI target. This low-intake status might be a risk factor for common long-term diseases.
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KNYAZKINA, Tatyana Anatolevna. "ACTIVITIES OF MOBILE MEDICAL UNITS AT THE FAR NORTH-EAST OF THE USSR IN 1920–1930." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 176 (2018): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-176-177-184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Academic medicine for a long time remained inaccessible to the population of the Far North-East of the USSR. The organization of mobile medical units was the initial stage in the promotion of medical care for nomadic and settled indigenous population. We summarize the information on the activities of mobile medical units operating in the 1920s–1930s in the Far North-East of the USSR. With the receipt of information about the state of health, the nature of the disease of the surveyed aboriginal population, the features of the organization of medical care in the study area, the directions of the groups changed. Work units were conducted in several areas: health, ethnographic, geographical, social. We identify the difficulties in the organization of effective work of the units, give an overall assessment of its results, trace the state policy in providing native peoples with medical care. Medical workers changed the way of life of the nomadic and settled population. They introduced aboriginal population to the academic medical culture. Activities of the mobile medical units helped to study the character and peculiarities of the diseases of the aborigines, to identify foci of epidemics and to develop methods of dealing with them, primarily to examine the inhabitants of the tundra and to develop necessary recommendations to the health authorities.
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McDONALD, M. I., R. J. TOWERS, R. ANDREWS, N. BENGER, P. FAGAN, B. J. CURRIE, and J. R. CARAPETIS. "The dynamic nature of group A streptococcal epidemiology in tropical communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 4 (May 31, 2007): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYProspective surveillance was conducted in three remote Aboriginal communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease in order to investigate the epidemiology of group A β-haemolytic streptococci (GAS). At each household visit, participants were asked about sore throat. Swabs were taken from all throats and any skin sores. GAS isolates wereemmsequence and pattern-typed using standard laboratory methods. There were 531 household visits; 43 differentemmtypes and subtypes (emmST) were recovered. Four epidemiological patterns were observed. MultipleemmST were present in the population at any one time and household acquisition rates were high. Household acquisition was most commonly via 5- to 9-year-olds. Following acquisition, there was a 1 in 5 chance of secondary detection in the household. Throat detection ofemmST was brief, usually <2 months. The epidemiology of GAS in these remote Aboriginal communities is a highly dynamic process characterized byemmST diversity and turnover.
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HARPER, S. L., V. L. EDGE, C. J. SCHUSTER-WALLACE, M. AR-RUSHDI, and S. A. McEWEN. "Improving Aboriginal health data capture: evidence from a health registry evaluation." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 11 (December 7, 2010): 1774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881000275x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYThe lack of high-quality health information for accurately estimating burdens of disease in some Aboriginal populations is a challenge for developing effective and relevant public health programmes and for health research. We evaluated data from a health registry system that captured patient consultations, provided by Labrador Grenfell Health (Labrador, Canada). The goal was to evaluate the registry's utility and attributes using modified CDC guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. Infectious gastrointestinal illness data were used as a reference syndrome to determine various aspects of data collection and quality. Key-informant interviews were conducted to provide information about system utility. The study uncovered limitations in data quality and accessibility, resulting in region-specific recommendations including conversion to an electronic system. More generally, this study emphasized how a systematic and standardized evaluation of health registry systems can help address challenges to obtaining quality health data in often remote areas where many Aboriginal communities are found.
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Moore, Hannah Catherine, Karthik Raj Manoharan, Faye Janice Lim, Geoffrey Shellam, and Deborah Lehmann. "Diverging Trends in Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations During 2 Decades in Western Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 32, no. 11 (November 2013): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e31829dd34e.
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Carville, Kylie S., Deborah Lehmann, Gillian Hall, Hannah Moore, Peter Richmond, Nicholas de Klerk, and David Burgner. "Infection Is the Major Component of the Disease Burden in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Australian Children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000254148.09831.7f.
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Lobo, Roanna, Belinda D'Costa, Linda Forbes, and James Ward. "Young Deadly Free: impact evaluation of a sexual health youth peer education program in remote Australian communities." Sexual Health 17, no. 5 (2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20069.
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Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in remote and very remote communities in Australia experience high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), 4- to 29-fold the rates reported for non-Aboriginal people living in remote areas. Young people aged 16–29 years are particularly vulnerable to STIs. The Young Deadly Free (YDF) sexual health youth peer education program was implemented in 15 remote or very remote communities in four Australian jurisdictions in an effort to address endemic STI rates in these communities. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of YDF for Aboriginal young people. Methods: Young people (n = 128) participated in youth peer educator training to deliver peer education sessions on sexual health topics to other young people in their communities. Pre and post surveys were used to examine changes in STI knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions of the young people attending the peer education sessions. GHRANITE software extracted deidentified STI testing data for young people attending 13 community health services. Results: Young people (n = 426) attended peer education sessions delivered by trained youth peer educators. Pre and post surveys were completed by 174 and 172 young people respectively (median age 20 years). Gains were reported in STI knowledge, intentions to test (χ2 = 10.58, d.f. = 4, n = 142, P < 0.001) and number of STI tests (50.8% increase from baseline). Feelings of shame associated with STI testing remained high (39.5% post survey). Conclusions: Peer education can enhance the sexual health literacy of young Aboriginal people residing in remote communities. The extent to which knowledge gains result in behaviours that prevent STI transmission requires further evaluation. Normalising STI testing among Aboriginal young people would help reduce feelings of shame.