Дисертації з теми "Ablation par impulsions ultrabrèves"
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Pasquier, Corinne. "Ablation d'une cible solide diélectrique par une impulsion laser ultrabrève dans l'air." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0232/document.
Повний текст джерелаFew-cycle laser pulses offer remarkable capabilities for laser-matter interaction, especially for ablation of transparent dielectric materials. However, focusing ultrashort laser pulses in air implies natural limitations to linear beam propagation prior the target. In this context, we study the surface ablation of dielectrics with single 12 fs laser pulses in air, at intensities below and above the apparition of nonlinear effects in air. In particular, we establish the link between the fluence distribution at the laser focus, spanning from linear- to nonlinear- focusing regimes, and the ablated crater diameters. We demonstrate that the crater profile can be predicted despite significant beam reshaping taking place at high fluence, for fused silica and sapphire. Then, we identify an ablation regime where the beam is still unaffected by nonlinear effects in air. In these conditions, we developed an energy balance experiment, allowing characterizing the created plasma. We discuss and compare the results acquired on fused silica and sapphire. We show that in ablation regime the density plasma is below or nearby the critical density. Moreover, the beam penetration is higher in sapphire than in fused silica, yielding deeper craters
Loriot, Vincent. "Alignement moléculaire par impulsions laser ultrabrèves : Mesures & Applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660050.
Повний текст джерелаBounhalli, Mourad. "Dynamique de la formation de nanostructures périodiques par impulsions laser ultrabrèves sur une surface métallique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704856.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Steven. "Amplification d'impulsions laser ultrabrèves à 10µm par pompage optique dans un gaz de CO² sous haute pression." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66293.
Повний текст джерелаPrévost, Louis, and Louis Prévost. "Conception d'un phase-mètre de type Stéréo-ATI : appareil de détection de la phase absolue d'impulsions laser ultrabrèves par stéréodétection de photoélectrons ATI." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26189.
Повний текст джерелаGénérer des impulsions laser attosecondes requiert l’utilisation d’impulsions laser femtosecondes focalisées dans un gaz qui produit, par rediffusion, les harmoniques du rayonnement incident. Ce processus donne naissance au spectre XUV qui composera les impulsions désirées. Leur génération est optimisée par le contrôle des paramètres qui caractérisent l’impulsion femtoseconde : puissance, durée de l’impulsion, spectre fréquentiel et phase absolue. Tous ces paramètres, sauf la phase absolue, se mesurent avec des équipements facilement disponibles. Pour mesurer la phase absolue, nous construisons un Stéréo-ATI selon le concept proposé et démontré par une équipe de recherche en 2003. Plusieurs propriétés de l’ionisation induite par impulsions femtosecondes, dont les spectres photoélectroniques, sont montrées pour expliquer le fonctionnement de l’appareil. Des simulations de spectres de temps de vol et des explications plus techniques sont utilisées pour définir les propriétés de la machine et les appareils utilisés pour monter une expérience complète de détection de phase absolue.
Attosecond laser pulse generation requires the use of femtosecond laser pulses focused in a gas which produces, by rescattering, harmonics of the incident beam. This process gives birth to the XUV spectra composing the desired pulses. Their generation is optimised by controlling the characteristic parameters of the femtosecond pulses: power, pulse duration, frequency spectra and absolute phase. All these parameters, excluding the absolute phase, can be measured with some easily available equipment. To measure the absolute phase, we build a Stereo-ATI from the concept proposed and demonstarted by a research team in 2003. Many properties of the femtosecond induced ionization, among which photoelectronic spectra, are shown to explain how the apparatus works. Simulations of time of flight spectra and some more technical explanations are used to define the apparatus properties and the equipment used to mount a complete absolute phase detection experiment.
Attosecond laser pulse generation requires the use of femtosecond laser pulses focused in a gas which produces, by rescattering, harmonics of the incident beam. This process gives birth to the XUV spectra composing the desired pulses. Their generation is optimised by controlling the characteristic parameters of the femtosecond pulses: power, pulse duration, frequency spectra and absolute phase. All these parameters, excluding the absolute phase, can be measured with some easily available equipment. To measure the absolute phase, we build a Stereo-ATI from the concept proposed and demonstarted by a research team in 2003. Many properties of the femtosecond induced ionization, among which photoelectronic spectra, are shown to explain how the apparatus works. Simulations of time of flight spectra and some more technical explanations are used to define the apparatus properties and the equipment used to mount a complete absolute phase detection experiment.
Sbaï-Benchikh, Nadia. "Couches minces de carbone amorphe dopées et alliées par des métaux : élaboration par ablation laser femtoseconde et caractérisations." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4011.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis consisted to show the potentialities and the flexibility of the femtosecond laser deposition to synthesize nano-structured metal (Me) incorporated amorphous carbon thin films (a-C:Me). The aim of this work was also to investigate the structure and the physical properties of these nanocomposite films by various complementary film characterizations, including spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The metals selected, regarding of their chemical affinities with carbon, are nickel and tantalum. The first chapter is a “ state of the art “ about the different compositions of carbon, specifically amorphous carbons. The second chapter describes the experimental procedure used to deposit and to characterized metal-carbon based thin films. The third chapter present the analytical charcterizations' results of the a-C :Ni and a-C :Ta films, with a metal concentration range within 0. 5 and 15 at. %. The influence of the metal nature and concentration on the structure and properties of the films has been highlighted. The physical properties of these coatings are investigated on the chapter 4. The last chapter is a synthetic discussion allowing to correlate their microstucture and their physical properties. The ability of femtosecond pulsed laser deposition to synthetize nanocomposite carbon-based films and to control their nanostructure is showed. This work purpose an interdisciplinary approach coupling elaboration and characterization, oriented in a systematic search of pluryfonctionnality of surface and thin films
Bilde, Allan. "Etude des mécanismes fondamentaux d'interaction entre impulsions laser ultra-brèves et matériaux diélectriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe interaction between an ultrashort laser pulse et dielectric materials is a constantly evolving field motivated by the birth of various applications (laser micro-machining, cornea surgery, ...) as well as its fundamental aspects (high-order harmonic generation, electronics at optical-cycle regime, ...). However, the underlying mechanisms of this interaction are still to be understood, especially from a quantitative point of view. Indeed, most phenomena occur during the pulse propagation through the material (i.e. in a few tens of femtoseconds). Moreover, the involved intensities are very high: a few tens of TW/cm^2. These two aspects make it difficult to study this interaction. To push the understanding forward, it is necessary to design new experiments and carry out an extensive work in modelling. Two complementary experimental techniques are presented in this manuscript: time resolved spectral interferometry and absorption spectroscopy. These two techniques are used to study elementary excitation and relaxation electronic processes in three different materials: Quartz, sapphire and magnesium oxide. Almost all experimental results are analyzed using a multiple rate equations (MRE) model allowing us to discriminate the relative importance of each of these processes. Firstly, a direct experimental proof of the existence of impact ionization in quartz is presented. These results have been obtained by exposing the sample to a sequence of two laser pulses, allowing us to tune independently both density and temperature of the plasma. The experimental results are successfully reproduced by the MRE model including multiphoton ionization, inverse bremsstrahlung and impact ionization as excitation processes. We then focus on another series of results on sapphire relaxation after laser-induced excitation. A new relaxation mechanism is proposed and tested by modelling to attempt to explain the dynamic of this process. This mechanism involves the formation of self-trapped excitons and their recombination. Finally, the MRE model is applied to the detection of the laser-induced ablation threshold in all three solids. The choice of the physical criterion defining this threshold, a subject that has caused intense debates over the past years, is discussed
Mhalla, Taghrid. "Micro-ablation athermique de matériaux transparents par absorption multiphotonique avec une micro-puce laser amplifiée Nd : YAG à impulsions vertes sub-nanosecondes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY059/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicrochip lasers with sub-nanosecond pulses are attractive alternative to femtosecond lasers for micromachining in transparent materials by multiphoton absorption. These lasers can easily reach pulse peak powers that are needed to trigger ablation in all materials, including diamond, ceramics, plastics, and glasses. In addition, they are low cost with compact and rugged design. In this thesis, a microchip laser (532 nm, 300 ps) has been used for micro-engraving and marking different types of transparent materials such as borosilicate D263, BK7, and SBS thermoplastic. Experimental resultsare rationalized by the model of matter explosion following the plasma generation induced by the laser two-photon absorption. Sub-micron resolution embedded marking is demonstrated inside borosilicate glass. Micro fluidic channels for optical sensors are engraved on BK-7 glass with ion-doped waveguides. Arrays of dense micro channels are fabricated at the surface of thermoplastics with a zone affected by thermal effects limited to the micron range. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that this type of laser can be efficiently used for high-resolution micro-machining transparent materials with minimal thermal effects
Gault, Baptiste. "Physique de l’évaporation par effet de champ assistée par impulsions laser ultracourtes : Application à la sonde atomique." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES047.
Повний текст джерелаThe tomographic atom probe is an analytical microscope able to map the atom distribution in three dimensions with a near-atomic resolution. The atoms are chemically identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This technique could become a key-tool in the development of the future devices of the nanoelectronics. However, the field of applications is limited to good conducting material. This work is the first stage of the development of a new generation of laser assisted atom probe, that could analyse either good or poorly conducting material, with an enhanced field of view. We studied the physics of the interaction between an ultrafast laser pulse and a sub-wavelength metal tip, in order to determine the process that provokes the ultrafast laser assisted field evaportaion. Through a complete study of the laser ablation or of the field enhancement phenomenon, we put into evidence that the evaporation was due to a surface second-order non-linear optical effect called optical rectification. The heating and cooling of the illuminated tip was modelled and experimentally studied by a pump-probe method. Finally, the performances of this new instrument are discussed : the spatial resolution is kept, and the mass resolution is generally greatly increased. It seems that poorly conducting material can also be analysed
Sikora, Aurélien. "Incorporation de bore dans des films minces de « diamond-like carbon » : élaboration par ablation laser pulsé et caractérisations." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4018.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the study of boron doped diamond-like carbon thin films elaborated by femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation. The first aim of this work consists in identifying the potential applications of these films for sensors (for example thermometers). The second aim consists in correlating the films structure and properties with the deposition processes. The first chapter focused on the constitutive elements of the films: boron and carbon. Moreover, it presents a “state of the art” about DLC thin films and the different elaboration techniques. The second chapter deals with the experimental methods used for the elaboration and the study of the thin films. The third chapter deals with the structural and morphological characterizations. It highlights the important difference of structure of the films deposited by ns and fs PLD. Moreover, it underlines the structural modification due to the boron. The fourth chapter presents the study of the electrical and mechanical properties, as well as the tribological behaviour of the films. The structure difference of the films results in large variations of resistivity but does not change much the friction coefficient. The last chapter underlines the structural heterogeneity of the pure DLC films and focuses on the specificities of their extreme surface. This one turns out to be less dense and more conductor than the global film
Supatto, Willy. "Imagerie multiphoton quantitative et ablation laser par impulsions femtosecondes pour l'étude de l'expression génétique mécano-sensible chez l'embryon de drosophile sauvage." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077210.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of an embryo involves a complex choreography of cell movements that are highly regulated both in time and space. These morphogenetic movements are controlled by cascades of gene expression. We are interested in the potential role of a mechanical feedback in this regulation process. More specifically, the expression of twist, a developmental gene involved in the control of morphogenesis, has been identified as mechano-sensitive during Drosophiia melanogaster gastrulation, The precise study of this process required to develop novel approaches that enabled us to visualize, quantify and modulate morphogenetic movements in vivo, in this thesis, we first demonstrate that non linear microscopies, such as two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy and third harmonie generation (THG) microscopy, are highly appropriate to image embryo development in 3D. These are analyzed by using particle image velocimetry (PiV) in order to quantify cell movements and deformations. In addition, a novel technique of laser surgery using femtosecond pulses is experimentally and biologically characterized and is used to modulate morphogenetic movements in a non-invasive way. Finally, this ail optical and non-genetic approach provide novel insight into the issue of twist mechano-sensitive expression in anterior pole cells. In particular, the correlation between gene expression and specific cell deformations is demonstrated In wild-type embryos
Matras, Guillaume. "Développement d'un amplificateur laser titane Saphir 10 kHz : application au micro-usage." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET4008.
Повний текст джерелаClaverie, Fanny Donard Olivier. "Développement et applications d'un système laser femtoseconde infra-rouge basse énergie et haute cadence de tir pour l'analyse d'éléments trace dans les solides par couplage ablation laser / ICPMS." Pau : Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/14/50/PDF/These_Fanny_CLAVERIE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMaximova, Ksenia. "Synthèse de nouveaux nanomateriaux par ablation laser ultra-brève en milieu liquide pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4091/document.
Повний текст джерелаInorganic nanomaterials are of a major interest for numerous applications, specifically bioimaging, biomedicine, catalysis, and also surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. In most cases, the purity of the employed material is a key factor. Often the conventional chemical ways of synthesis cannot provide the desirable cleanliness. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and develop a laser-based synthetic concept for the fabrication of Au and Si-based nanoparticles with controlled parameters, free of surfactants and toxic by-products. The engaged approach includes two steps: 1) the generation of a raw suspension of micro- and nanoparticles by either mechanical milling or preliminary ablation of a target; 2) ultrafast laser-induced fragmentation from the suspended colloids leading to the formation of stable, non-aggregated, low-size dispersed and crystalline nanoparticles. In particular, we focus on the technique of the synthesis of bare Au nanoparticles with tunable size between 7 and 50 nm in the absence of any ligands. Moreover, this technique allows performing the in situ coupling of the Au nanoparticles with organic molecules and alloying at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we show the possibility of tuning the mean size and the thickness of the oxide shell of Si nanoparticles by varying the initial concentration of microparticles, the pH and the amount of dissolved oxygen. Finally, we demonstrate the optic and plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by the techniques established in our work and their potential for the applications in catalysis and biomedicine
Huynh, Thi Trang Dai. "Etude de la dynamique de formation de nanostructures périodiques sur une couche mince de cuivre induites par impulsions laser nanoseconde et picoseconde à 266 nm." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2044/document.
Повний текст джерелаPeriodic surface nanostructures induced by laser have attracted particular attention because of their applications in the domain of micro and nanotechnologies such as lithography, high density data storage, nano- and micro-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS). The dynamic of their formation on the surface of copper thin film deposited on silicon and glass substrates was investigated in this present work. Two methods are used in this analysis: ex situ analyses by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM/TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and in situ diagnostic by Time Resolved Reflectivity method (TRR). The process of phase change (melting, ablation, thin film removal …) and surface morphology modification at the nanoscale are studied with respect to irradiation dose (the fluence and the number of laser shots), the thickness of thin film and the substrate thermal conductivity in the pico- and nanosecond regime. Namely, nanostructures with a spatial period of 266 nm (close to the irradiation wavelength (λ)), 130 nm (λ/2) and 60 nm (λ/4) were successfully obtained. The global relationship between the laser parameters (i.e. fluence and number of laser shots) and nanostructure formation was established in the form of a 2D map. Lastly, an interpretation of the mechanism of periodic nanostructures formation on copper thin film induced by picosecond laser was established on the basis of our experimental data, seems relevant to the self-organization theory, particularly, in multi-pulses regime
Mailliet, Corentin. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du stade fortement non-linéaire de l'Instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor au front d'ablation en attaque directe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0288/document.
Повний текст джерелаExperimental and numerical study of the non-linear stage of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability in direct drive
Zelgowski, Julien. "Etude et optimisation du procédé de gravure par laser à fibre femtoseconde dédié aux applications industrielles et médicales." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD037/document.
Повний текст джерелаSurgical procedures are moving increasingly toward minimally invasive techniques because these techniques offer great comfort to the patient, a short recovery time and are reasonably-priced. As part of this thesis, it is proposed to study the integration of micrometer-sized sensors directly into needles for example. The PhD student will study the process of laser-matter interaction for new nano and femtosecond sources which should be optimized in order to develop a machining technique of surgical instruments in order to incorporate the sensors. The aim of the thesis is the demonstration of the feasibility of developing the technique of laser etching for the integration of sensors into millimeter-sized needles as well as tests in real conditions. Multiple lasers will be used; The Tangerine laser from ‘Amplitude Systèmes’ with the well know Ti:Sa laser. His work there will be to upgrade the laser up to its best capacity both in terms of fluence or accuracy and in terms of software and its ease of use. The ablation of the silicon from the rear of the electronic chip to the edge of the photodetector in order to carry the light and energy supply all 3D Hall effects micro-magnetors will be the main purpose of the PhD student. He will highlight differences between two femtosecond laser as thermally affected area or ablation rate and will choose which one is able to achieve our goal
Malkhasyan, Vahan. "Femtosecond laser structuration of surfaces and replication on polymer for contactless blood analysis." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD007.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the present work is to develop a new technology for non-contact blood analysis. Femtosecond pulsed lasers were used to introduce surface geometries that have super-wetting properties for human blood fluid. Complete laser-matter interaction cartographies for stainless steel sample and glass were built to identify threshold values for different regimes. Dynamic laser processing parameters for these materials were determined, in order to fabricate surfaces with desired structures at micro and sub-micron scales, as well as at double scale. To meet the demand of high volume and cost-effective production of super-wetting surfaces, concept of laser fabricated pattern transfer from stainless steel molds to polymers was studied.Successful replication of laser induced micro-scale, sub-micron scale and double scale geometries on surface area in the order of few square centimeters was reported. Wettability as a function of the size and type of surface structures was established. Spreading tests with human blood exhibited hemi-wicking dynamics with partial spreading. A complete wetting was recorded for water diluted blood followed by formation of single layer blood cells. Primarily fabricated for polymer replication tests, wettability of steel mold was also measured. Once natural oxide layer was formed on the surface, ultra-high water contact angle was measured (145.7°)
Grojo, David. "Mécanismes d'enlèvement de particules par laser impulsionnel : application au nettoyage pour la microélectronique." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118348.
Повний текст джерелаAbzac, François-Xavier d'. "Effets d'une impulsion laser Infra-rouge femtoseconde sur les micro-nanostructures des minéraux : implications pour les analyses in-situ par LA-ICP-MS." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1119/.
Повний текст джерелаInfra Red femtosecond laser ablation coupled to Mass Spectrometry is a powerful tool for in-situ analysis of geological samples. Nevertheless, implications linked to this type of ablation are still not well defined. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) coupled to Focused Ion Beam milling (FIB) allows direct characterization of ablation damage and particles. Thus, IR-femtosecond laser ablation can be considered as stoechiometric and mainly photo-mechanical. Particles are generated by coalescence and agglomeration of condensates in the laser induced plasma. Chemical segregation of elements noticed on measurements is then confined to these processes, themselves dependant on the target composition. The potential of analytical improvement is substantial, in terms of ablation settings and conception of laser systems dedicated to LA-ICP-MS
Bourquard, Florent. "Ablation laser femtoseconde assistée d’une mise en forme temporelle pour le dépôt de couches minces et la synthèse de nanoparticules." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work explores the control of ultrafast laser ablation plume composition and kinetics by temporal shaping of femtosecond laser pulses. The goal is the optimization of thin films and nanoparticles deposition. Chapter 1 is a synthesis of the literature on femtosecond laser deposition of thin films. The focus is on Diamond-Like Carbon films and nanoparticles. The impact of laser temporal pulse shaping on the ablation mechanisms is developed. Ablation plume diagnostic methods are detailed. Chapter 2 describes the experimental setup for temporal pulse shaping and plasma diagnostic. The latter is done through space and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and extinction spectroscopy. Chapter 3 reports on the impact of doubles pulses and long pulses on aluminium and boron ablation plumes. Ion yield enhancement in aluminium ablation plasma is explained through hydrodynamics simulations. In chapter 4, various temporal pulse shapes are used for graphite ablation and Diamond-Like Carbon thin films deposition. The control of the plume kinetics is reached by selectively populating the various plume speed components: molecules, atoms, ions. Even though the deposited Diamond-Like Carbon structure is unaffected, it has been observed an improvement of the thin films surface. Chapter 5 shows the efficiency and sensitivity of optical extinction spectroscopy for in situ measurement of nanoparticles size distribution in femtosecond laser ablation plumes
Di, Maio Yoan. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière en régime d'impulsions ultra-courtes : application au micro-usinage de matériaux à destination de senseurs." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994999.
Повний текст джерелаGill-Comeau, Maxime. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire de l'ablation par impulsions laser ultrabrèves de cibles nanocristallines." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5326.
Повний текст джерелаThe ablation of nanocrystalline (mean crystallite size d = 3.1 and 6.2 nm) Al tar- gets by ultrashort (200 fs) laser pulses was studied using hybrid simulations combining molecular-dynamics and the two-temperature model (TTM) for a range of absorbed flu- ence of 100 to 1300 J/m2. Our simulations employ an EAM interatomic potential and the TTM-related electronic properties are modelled using three distinct functions to rep- resent the monocrystalline solid, the nanocrystalline solid, and the liquid in an accurate way. Comparison between targets displaying two mean grain sizes, porous targets, and monocrystalline targets are reported. This study showed a significantly reduced abla- tion threshold of 400 J/m2 instead of the 600 J/m2 obtained for the single crystals, the discrepancy being mainly accounted for by an increase in the magnitude of the pressure wave generated during ablation. The spallation threshold of the back side of the target is also reduced owing to a lower tensile strength (5.40 GPa against 7.24 GPa). This work also allowed to discover that residual stress generally associated with laser ablation is totally absent in nanocrystalline samples as crystal growth provides a mechanism for volume reduction near the melting temperature. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the melting threshold shows an important decrease and the melting depth an im- portant increase in the nanocrystalline samples which can be explained by their lower cohesion energy. Our simulations shed light on the fact that a realistic modelling of both structural and electronic properties of the nanocrystalline target is important to produce a reliable representation of laser ablation.
Marinier, Sébastien. "Ablation laser femtoseconde de verres métalliques de Cu_x Zr_(1−x) : une étude par dynamique moléculaire." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13487.
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