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Статті в журналах з теми "Abkhaz influences"
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Spanke, Till. "Implications of Triadic Competition between Georgia and Russia for Abkhazia’s State Building Development." Caucasus Survey 11, no. 2-3 (September 15, 2023): 268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23761202-bja10014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The de facto state literature rarely distinguishes between institutional developments that have been actively promoted by external actors and changes that are due to the competitive setting these unrecognized entities find themselves in and which encourages institutional or policy mimicry. This article addresses this shortcoming by developing a diffusion model to account for the indirect diffusion influences of triadic competition. The model is then applied to Abkhazia’s state building pursuit since 1991, covering sectors as diverse as healthcare, education, and energy. These examples illustrate different responses from the Abkhaz authorities vis-à-vis the parent state, ranging from direct counteraction and patron involvement to compromise. The article identifies the varied implications of diffusion such as institution sharing, developments in public service provision, and accelerated state building responses. It finds that due to parent state pressure and limited availability of alternative support sources, competition serves as a legitimation device for Russian involvement in Abkhazia.
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Bram, Chen, and Meir Hatina. "From Sufism to Universal Vision: Murat Yagan and the Teaching of Kebzeh." Journal of Sufi Studies 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105956-12341262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines aspects of cultural exchange between the Middle East and the West in which Sufism, Christianity, the traditions of the Circassians and New Age concepts played a central role. It focuses on the teaching of Murat Yagan, of Abkhaz-Circassian origin who grew up in Turkey and immigrated to Canada in the 1960s, where he developed his philosophy, Ahmsta Kebzeh (“the knowledge of the art of living”). The Kebzeh way of life emphasizes modesty, mutual responsibility and compassion. Yagan linked these values to the ancient ethos of the Caucasus Mountains which he sought to revive as the basis of a universal vision. The nature of Kebzeh was influenced by the cosmopolitan environment in which Yagan was educated in Turkey; by his enrollment with Sufi circles in North America; and by the multicultural Canadian atmosphere. These diverse influences enabled him to devise an ecumenical model of dialogue between cultures. The article provides a first-time survey and analysis of Kebzeh ideological and communal features. It sheds new light on the role of ethnicity and cultural heritage in immigrant societies in the context of the evolution of spirituality in Canada, a relatively unexplored milieu in comparison to the United States and Europe.
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Пилипчук, Ярослав Владимирович. "Georgian Statehood in the Early Middle Ages." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (February 8, 2021): 78–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/78-107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is devoted to history of Eastern ad Soutthern-Western Georgia in the Early Middle Ages. Kartvelian statehood was quickly restored after a short reign of Persian marzpans. In the era of Arab dominance, Kartli was under the strongest pressure from the Arabs. On the territory of Kartli, the Tbilisi Emirate was formed, which was an important center of Muslim statehood in Georgia in the 9th -12th centuries. The rest of Kartli became an object of rivalry between the Abkhazian kingdom, Tao-Klarjeti and Kakheti. The decisive role in the history of Georgia was played by the Tao-Klarjeti Kurapalate from the Bagrationi dynasty for a long time in the 9th-10th centuries. The apogee of their power, they reached during the Kurropalat David III the Great. With his assistance, the Bagrationi dynasty ascended the Abkhaz throne. Among the East Georgian rulers the leading role was played by the Kakheti kingdom. It became the main rival of the Abkhazian kingdom under Tsar Kvirik III of the Arevmaneli dynasty. Under him, Kakheti subdued Eretia. Under the Kyurikean dynasty, Kakheti continued to oppose the Abkhazian Bagrationi. David IV was able to subjugate Kakheti оnly in 1104. Regarding Eretia, this kingdom was inhabited by the Dagestan-speaking population, which felt Georgian and Armenian influences.
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Хагба, А. А. "Symphonic Heritage of Abkhazia: History of Formation and Prospects for Preservation." Nasledie Vekov, no. 2(34) (June 30, 2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2023.34.2.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В исследовании анализируются этапы эволюции симфонического творчества и исполнительства в Абхазии и определяется современное состояние национального симфонического наследия. Автор опирается на научные работы абхазских ученых, неопубликованные рукописи партитур произведений композиторов, живших и творивших в Абхазии, интервью с музыкантами – участниками событий. Анализируются дореволюционный, довоенный, послевоенный и постсоветский периоды истории музыкальной культуры, становление и распад Государственного симфонического оркестра, процесс формирования композиторской школы и актуальные проблемы, связанные с сохранением наследия композиторов, чье творчество было связано с Абхазией. Определено, что абхазское симфоническое наследие на данном историческом этапе находится в сложном нестабильном состоянии, поэтому сохранить его и передать следующим поколениям можно обеспечив собирание и публикацию музыкальных произведений, их качественное исполнение и фиксацию на цифровых носителях. The study aims to analyze the formation and development of symphonic art and related heritage in Abkhazia, and to determine the current state of the national symphonic heritage. In the study, the author relies on the works of Abkhaz researchers, interview materials and handwritten texts of musical scores. Methods widely used in historical and cultural research were employed: diachronic, comparative typological and systemic. To collect new data, the author resorted to interviews with participants in the described events. When comprehending the logic of the development of the Abkhaz symphonic art, musicological, historical and sociocultural perspectives were involved. The author considers the period of the emergence of the professional musical art of Abkhazia and analyzes the contribution of Konstantin Kovács and Odysseas Dimitriadi to the formation of professional musical education and a symphony orchestra. The author examines the formation of the national composer school and briefly characterizes the contribution of national composers to the formation of the Abkhazian symphonic heritage. He analyzes factors that influenced the collapse of the State Symphony Orchestra, the circumstances of the reorganization of this group and the formation of the State Chamber Orchestra of the Republic of Abkhazia on its basis, its main creative achievements over the past two decades. The author focuses on the threat of loss of a number of original Abkhaz symphonic works and analyzes a number of projects aimed at minimizing this threat. The conclusion is made about the genre and style diversity of the Abkhazian symphonic heritage, which is an integral part of the musical culture of Abkhazia. During a short historical period, the composers of Abkhazia mastered the genres of symphony and suite (about 26 works), symphonic poem and overture (about 12 works), ballet and opera music. The author emphasizes that composers achieved this largely due to the presence of a professional symphony orchestra in the republic. At this historical stage, the symphonic heritage is in a vulnerable state due to a number of tragic circumstances, a significant part of which occurred during the years of the Patriotic War of the people of Abkhazia (1992–1993). In this regard, the author calls for the adoption of significant measures to preserve the national symphonic heritage, its popularization and transmission to the next generations.
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Jürgenson, Aivar. "Gruusia-Abhaasia sõja (1992–1993) retseptsioon eesti meedias sõja ajal ja järel." Mäetagused 84 (December 2022): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/mt2022.84.jyrgenson.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the minds of Estonians Abkhazia is associated mainly with Estonians living there. When the Georgian-Abkhazian war broke out in August 1992, the Estonian state evacuated about 170 Estonians and their families from Abkhazia in the autumn of the same year. The reception of the war itself in the Estonian media was low and related to the situation of Estonians there, but the motives and direct causes of the war and the development of war events were also examined. One Baltic News Service journalist observed the evacuation of Estonians and wrote about the events of the war on the spot, but most of the authors operated in Estonia and used various sources. In today’s context, it may seem surprising to what extent materials from Russian information channels were used, but at that time it was understandable: Russia covered events in its border countries more actively than Western agencies. Materials translated directly from Russian newspapers were also published in the Estonian press. The choice of sources also influenced the framing in which the events of that time were mediated. The coverage of the war in the Estonian media has undergone significant developments over the decades. The articles published during the war presented the events in a neutral way, rather sympathizing with the Abkhazians than the aggressor. While in the first half of the war the fighters of the Confederation of Mountain People of the Caucasus were presented as allies of the Abkhazians, the articles published at the end of the war sometimes included Russians, although the contribution of the Russians was not explained. However, even at the end of the war, the coverage remained largely neutral, conveying the views of both Georgians and Abkhazians. From the middle of 1994, the reception of the war began to change, which was related to Georgia’s international self-assertion. Reports from international organizations increasingly highlighted the issue of Georgian war refugees and Georgia’s claim to territorial integrity. This was also reflected in the Estonian media, where Abkhazians were increasingly called separatists without the right to independence. However, until the end of the 1990s, some articles were published that also provided Abkhaz views on events. Estonia had taken a clear direction towards integration with the West, but there was no clear understanding of Georgia’s orientation, which also influenced the attitudes of Estonian media towards Georgia-Abkhazia relations. Georgia’s leader, Eduard Shevardnadze, maneuvered between the West and Russia, pushing Abkhazia into an economic blockade and concluding agreements with Russia, while seeking integration with NATO and the European Union. The situation changed dramatically after the Rose Revolution in Georgia, when Mikhail Saakashvili, who had come to power, began to move unequivocally on the path of Western integration. At the same time, Georgia’s relations with Russia deteriorated. Georgia, a small brave country in conflict with Russia, suddenly became Estonians’ ally and friend. The common enemy unites, and when Saakashvili’s rhetoric gained a firm foothold in Georgia’s territorial integrity, Abkhazia was clearly positioned in the Estonian mainstream media as a separatist Russian puppet. Retrospectively, the reception of the Georgian-Abkhazian war changed – the pluralistic approach of the 1990s was replaced by the Georgian version. In this connection, the portrayal of the role of the Russians in the war also changed: peace mediators in the early 1990s or postcolonial implementers of the divide et impera principle now became allies of the Abkhaz. After the Law of Occupied Territories was adopted in Georgia on 23 October 2008, the concept “occupied Georgian territory” as an epithet of Abkhazia appeared in the Estonian media. As Russia continues to be in the position of a negative external “stranger” for the Estonian media, Russia’s relations with Georgia continue to influence our media attitudes towards Abkhazia and interpretations of the Georgian-Abkhazian war.
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Кравченко, Галина, Galina Kravchenko, Елена Труфанова, Elena Trufanova, Инал Дзари-Ипа, Inal Zari-Ipa, Эраст Эшба, and Erast Ashba. "PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING FOR SEISMIC EFFECTS IN THE DESIGN OF BUILDINGS." Construction and Architecture 6, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c35ecb7ce7068.46579286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The actual problem for the Republic of Abkhazia — the account of seismic influences at calculation of bearing designs of buildings is investigated. The object of research is the building of the sea station in Sukhum. The spatial plate-rod model of the building frame is made by the finite element method in the software complex “LIRA — SAPR”. Based on the results of dynamic calculation the selected method for determining the seismic influences on the building frame.
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Gergia, L. G. "Some features of morphology of the invasive species Conyza canadensis in the Republic of Abkhazia." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 2 (December 4, 2023): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spread of invasive plant species, such as Conyza сanadensis - one of the main environmental threats, as these species become massive weeds of agricultural lands and settlements. The aim of the work was to study the biological characteristics of C. сanadensis in the conditions of the coastal lowland zone of the Republic of Abkhazia. The morphological parameters of the invasive species and their variability were studied. Anthropogenic load influences the morphological parameters of plants - in the western regions of Abkhazia, which are more disturbed by humans, the parameters of plants are lower than in the less disturbed eastern ones. The maximum values of most features were noted in the Gal region, where the ecotopes are undisturbed and close to optimal. All signs have a normal degree of variation (7.0-30.9 %). Further monitoring of the species is required.
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Cheterian, Vicken. "Karabakh conflict after Kosovo: no way out?" Nationalities Papers 40, no. 5 (September 2012): 703–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.705269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A series of events in 2008 influenced the Karabakh conflict resolution efforts: the Kosovo declaration of independence, the August war, and Russian recognition of independent Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Two new diplomatic initiatives to resolve the Karabakh conflict were launched immediately after the August war, one by Russia and the second by Turkey. This article discusses why the two initiatives failed, and the structural problems of Karabakh conflict resolution efforts.
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Ambrosio, Thomas, and William A. Lange. "The architecture of annexation? Russia's bilateral agreements with South Ossetia and Abkhazia." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 5 (September 2016): 673–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1203300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the August War of 2008, Russia recognized South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states. Both territories remain dependent upon Moscow for their security and economic survival, and they remain dominated militarily, economically, and even politically by their northern patron. These relationships are structured, in part, by a series of bilateral agreements signed since September 2008, which have created a comprehensive legal architecture which, in turn, deeply affects the state- and nation-building processes in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. This article examines 78 agreements signed between Russia and these territories between 2008 and 2015 in order to better understand these processes and how they interact with and are influenced by their respective relationships with the Russian Federation. It groups these agreements into three categories: the 2008 “friendship” agreements which created the initial baseline for the bilateral relationship; the numerous, more narrowly defined documents which fleshed-out this relationship; and the “alliance” and “integration” agreements signed with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, respectively, through which Moscow sought to take its relations with these territories to a qualitatively new level. Of particular focus is the degree to which these territories exhibited signs of independent agency and formal autonomy, as well as the differences between them.
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Albogachiyeva, Makka S. G. "THE ABAZIN LANGUAGE: HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME." Ural Historical Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-2(71)-90-98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the prerequisites and the main causes and factors that influenced the current state of the Abazin language. Various processes related to the preservation of the national language are ongoing in Abaza society. Russia’s modern abazins live compactly in the Abazinsky district of Karachay-Cherkessia, they are one of the five title nations of the republic. However, their significant part left homeland in the middle of the 19th century and emigrated to the Ottoman Empire. As a result of this relocation, the abazins found themselves scattered around various parts of the world. The absence of their own writing and life in a foreign cultural environment led to a significant loss of the communicative properties of the Abazin language. Many factors influenced the functional change of the language — political, socio-economic, cultural, etc. At the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, realizing that the native language is on the verge of extinction, the abazins started vigorous activity to preserve the language, uniting the efforts of not only those living in the Russian Federation, but also fellow tribesmen from other countries of the world. This was facilitated by the holding of the World Abkhaz-Abazi Congress and the creation of other public organizations aimed at preserving national culture and language. These processes are gaining strength thanks to information technologies that allow not only broadcasting, but also seeing the interlocutor and communicating with him. Native speakers can teach the Abazin language to anyone, regardless of where they live. Thus, modern abazins use all available resources to preserve their original culture.
Дисертації з теми "Abkhaz influences"
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Koelle, Heidi. "Russian influence and Authoritarianism in Defacto States: Case comparison of Transnistria and Abkazia." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: This master's thesis focuses on the obstacles of state building for the defacto states Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Tranistria) and the Republic of Abkhazia. Both of which are break-away states from former soviet republics: Moldova and Georgia. The purpose is to give a cross country comparison of factors which hinder state building. Both states have their unique sets of challenges to integrating into a fully recognized state yet share many of the same obstacles. The factors that will be analyzed are relations to their Patron states; The Russian Federation and how this patron state contributes to these de facto states inability to democratize and gain outside recognition with other member state. These challenges for integration as full dejure states and participation within international institutions are a result of ethnic tension, corruption, authorities and complete dependence on Russia as a parent state. The other factors that will be analyzed is the Foreign policy of the Russian within its near abroad and their soft power tactics towards their compatriots.
Книги з теми "Abkhaz influences"
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Pont Evksinskiy – 2021 : materials of XII All-Russian scientific and applied conference for young scientists on the water systems problems, dedicated to the 150 th anniversary of the Sevastopol Biological Station ‒ A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, 20–24 September, 2021. IBSS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/978-5-6044865-8-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book includes materials of young scientists from Russia and the Republic of Abkhazia, revealing various aspects of modern marine and freshwater biology. Abstracts highlight the results of scientific research in the field of population dynamics and genetic differentiation of aquatic organisms, the features of their life cycle. The book present works on the influence of abiotic and anthropogenic environmental factors on the physiological status of aquaculture species. A number of works describes the capabilities of modern research methods applied in marine and freshwater biological studies, such as metabarcoding, "frame" and "rake method" for detecting beach debris, NGS sequencing, and satellite monitoring. In addition, the book reveals the features of the functioning of coastal ecosystems. The book is valuable for young scientists in the field of marine and freshwater biology, water ecology, biotechnology, aquaculture, marine ecology and zoology
Частини книг з теми "Abkhaz influences"
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Anchabadze, Yuri D. "Russian and Abkhaz Literature: Socio-Cultural Aspects of Historical Interaction." In Abkhazia in Russian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries: in 3 vols. Vol. 2, 275–96. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/arl-2023-2-275-296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interaction and mutual influence of Russian and Abkhazian literatures is considered as a single movement of sociogenesis, which ensures progressive development, contributes to the growth and complication of the sociocultural foundations and civilizational potential of the two peoples. A conceptual approach is substantiated that allows a broader look at the basic problems of the history of world literature, in particular Abkhaz literature, in the context of understanding its origins and initial stages of formation; an updated view of the main stages in the history of Abkhaz literature is proposed. A new projection on the history of the relationship between Russian and Abkhaz literature, the main channel of which was the Russian language, is noted. The traditions of Russian-language Abkhazian literature, represented by an outstanding constellation of brilliant masters (G. Gulia, F. Iskander, Yu. Lakerbay, D. Zantaria, D. Chachkhalia, D. Nachkebia, etc.) are analyzed. The most important role of translations is shown. The essential place of national texts in the historical interaction of literatures is emphasized. Examples of deep interpenetration of national artistic thinking and ways of its expression are given — in the forms and genres of literary works, the adequacy of translations, the emergence of national texts, personal contacts of word masters. It is convincingly shown that the interaction of cultural traditions is the key to further expansion of the volume and directions of the fruitful development of Russian and Abkhaz literature.
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Sterlikova, Sofiyanina A. "“Employee of the Transcaucasus Mission.” Publication of the Diocesan Church Brotherhood of the Holy Faithful Prince Alexander Nevsky in Sukhum. Index of Articles." In Abkhazia in Russian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries: in 3 vols. Vol. 2, 237–58. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/arl-2023-2-237-258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The index of articles published on the pages of the journal “Employee of the Transcaucasian Mission” — a publication of the Diocesan Church Brotherhood of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Alexander Nevsky in the city of Sukhum, contains a page-by-page list of publications published in 93 issues, from January 1, 1912 to August 1916. The value of the presented material lies in its reference and bibliographic nature. The index gives an idea of a wide range of problems and topics of publications, the relevance of the tasks of the Sukhumi diocese, and the proposed ways to solve them. Among the frequently discussed issues are the religious and moral needs of the population of the Sukhum diocese, opposition to the influence of Mohammedanism and the spread of sects, the organization of pastoral and parochial schools. The circle of authors of the “Cooperate ...” were clergymen, historians, ethnographers, writers who stood at the origins of the Abkhaz enlightenment: Bishop Andrei (Ukhtomsky) of Sukhumi, the founder of the Abkhaz written literature D.I. Gulia, local historian and teacher K.D. Machavariani, local historian-ethnographer A.I. Chukbar, educator Art. A. Alferov and others.
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Shcherbakova, Marina I. "Andrey Murav’yov’s travel in Abkhazia." In Abkhazia in Russian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries: in 3 vols. Vol. 1, 217–33. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/arl-2021-1-217-233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the little-known travel notes about Abkhazia by Andrey N. Murav’yov, an outstanding Russian spiritual writer, the pioneer of the genre of literary pilgrimage travels, the discoverer of Christian and Orthodox shrines in Russia and abroad for his compatriots and contemporaries. Travel essay “Abkhazia. Pitsunda”, included as a separate chapter in the book “Georgia and Armenia”, was created under the impression of the author’s trip in the spring of 1847 to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. It presents genre sketches of the city life of Sukhumi, descriptions of the luxurious southern nature, it gives excursions into the history of the region, and it characterises the features of the economic state. The main part of Andrey Murav’yov’s Black Sea memories concerns Pitsunda. As a deep connoisseur of the history of Christianity, Andrey Murav’yov traced its ancient roots in the land of Abkhazia, where the apostles Simon the Canaanean, Andrew the First- Called, St. John Chrysostom. In detailed descriptions of the ancient churches, the writer recorded their condition; despite the artistic form of the story, they have the value of a reliable historical document that helps to reconstruct many of the losses that occurred under the influence of time.
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Khagba, Lili R. "On the Relationship of Aesthetic Ideas about Beauty With Ethical Standards (Abkhazian-Abaza-Adyghe Parallels)." In Abkhazia in Russian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries: in 3 vols. Vol. 2, 308–16. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/arl-2023-2-308-316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to revealing the essence of the concept of “beauty” on the material of the Abkhazian-Abaza-Adyghe idioms. The expression of the aesthetics of the worldview of an ethnic group is considered as the most important component of its linguocultural tradition. It is proposed to consider linguoculturology as one of the areas of ethnolinguistics, within which studies of the mutual influence of language and culture, language and mentality of the people are carried out. The main, basic unit of linguoculturology is the concept, the structure of which includes everything that makes it a fact of culture: etymology, history, modern associations, assessments, connotations. The analysis of the material testifies to the national world order existing in the collective consciousness of the ethnic group, to the identity of the linguistic thinking of the speakers of the Abkhaz, Abaza and Adyghe languages in reflecting the relationship of aesthetic ideas about beauty with ethical norms. The studied fragment of the concept sphere of the signified closely related languages reveals the commonality of the value orientations of their speakers.
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Sterlikova, Sofiyanina A. "Actions Speaker than Words. Ministry of Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky) in Abkhazia." In Abkhazia in Russian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries: in 3 vols. Vol. 2, 169–203. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/arl-2023-2-169-203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents an overview of the journal of the Sukhum diocese “Employee of the Transcaucasian Mission” for 1912–1916. The founder of the magazine, Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky), arrived in Abkhazia in the autumn of 1911. He saw his main task in the Christianization of the population. The pages of the journal reflect the stages of this process, the directions of missionary work, analyze successes and failures, and name those who became Bishop Andrew’s co-workers. One of the first and most important undertakings at the Sukhumi department was the initiation of the translation into Abkhazian of St. Gospels. Bishop Andrew’s care was directed to monasteries, churches, parishes, and church schools. They resolved issues of church education, organizing courses for priests, and were given practical advice on teaching children and adults. Serious attention was paid to the fight against superstitions. Invaluable assistance to Bishop Andrei was provided by the Brotherhood of St. Alexander Nevsky. The materials of the magazine “Sotrudnik of the Transcaucasian Mission” are a convincing illustration of how Abkhazia was transformed under the influence of the pastoral sermon of Bishop Andrei, his sincere deep love for the Abkhazians, respect for the history of the people and national traditions.