Дисертації з теми "Abelian structures"
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Steine, Asgeir Bertelsen. "STABILITY STRUCTURES FOR ABELIAN AND TRIANGULATED CATEGORIES." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9603.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is intended to present some developments in the theory of algebraic stability. The main topics are stability for triangulated categories and the distinguished slopes of Hille and de la Pena for quiver representations.
Zatloukal, Kevin C. (Kevin Chaffee). "Applications of abelian algebraic structures in quantum computation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106102.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-168).
Shor's groundbreaking algorithms for integer factoring and discrete logarithm [58], along with their later generalizations 116, 35, 49, 18], demonstrated a unique ability of quantum computers to solve problems defined on abelian groups. In this thesis, we study ways in which that ability can be leveraged in order to solve problems on more complex structures such as non-abelian groups and hypergroups. This leads to new quantum algorithms for the hidden subgroup problem on nilpotent groups whose order is a product of large primes, the hidden subhypergroup problem on both strongly integral hypergroups and ultragroups, testing equivalence of group extensions, and computing the component parts of the cohomology groups of both group extensions and a generalization of simplicial complexes, amongst other problems. For each of those listed, we also show that no classical algorithm can achieve similar efficiency under standard cryptographic assumptions.
by Kevin C. Zatloukal.
Ph. D.
Barker, Russell. "L#kappa#-equivalence and Hanf functions for finite structures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270249.
Повний текст джерелаTsui, Ho-yu. "Families of polarized abelian varieties and a construction of Kähler metrics of negative holomorphic bisectional curvature on Kodaira surfaces." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37053760.
Повний текст джерелаTsui, Ho-yu, and 徐浩宇. "Families of polarized abelian varieties and a construction of Kähler metrics of negative holomorphic bisectional curvature on Kodairasurfaces." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37053760.
Повний текст джерелаHossain, Akash. "Forking in valued fields and related structures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASM019.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a contribution to the model theory of valued fields. We study forking in valued fields and some of their reducts. We focus particularly on pseudo-local fields, the ultraproducts of residue characteristic zero of the p-adic valued fields. First, we look at the value groups of the valued fields we are interested in, the regular ordered Abelian groups. We establish for these ordered groups a geometric description of forking, as well as a full classification of the global extensions of a given type which are non-forking or invariant. Then, we prove an Ax-Kochen-Ershov principle for forking and dividing in expansions of pure short exact sequences of Abelian structures, as studied by Aschenbrenner-Chernikov-Gehret-Ziegler in their article about distality. This setting applies in particular to the leading-term structure of (expansions of) valued fields. Lastly, we give various sufficient conditions for a parameter set in a Henselian valued field of residue characteristic zero to be an extension base. In particular, we show that forking equals dividing in pseudo-local of residue characteristic zero. Additionally, we discuss results by Ealy-Haskell-Simon on forking in separated extensions of Henselian valued fields of residue characteristic zero. We contribute to the question in the setting of Abhyankar extensions, where we show that, with some additional conditions, if a type in a pseudo-local field does not fork, then there exists some global invariant Keisler measure whose support contains that type. This behavior is well-known in pseudo-finite fields
Kuroda, Kunihiko. "Abelian conformal field theory with level structure." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136737.
Повний текст джерелаMilliet, Cédric. "Propriétés algébriques des structures menues ou minces, rang de Cantor Bendixson, espaces topologiques généralisés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442772.
Повний текст джерелаKing, Malcolm Bruce. "A structure theorem for asymptotically abelian W*-dynamical systems." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60817.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MSc
Unrestricted
Mo, Sjur. "Phase structure and critical properties of an abelian gauge theory." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-443.
Повний текст джерелаChapter 1 to 4 give a short introduction to superconductivity, microscopic theory, phase transitions, and Monte-Carlo simulations. Chapter 2 is about Cooper pairing in different settings, but I also give a short introduction to the Hofstadter problem of lattice fermions on a square lattice in a perpendicular magnetic field. The purpose is to clarify some points in Paper-I. Chapter 3 is about phase transitions, and introduces the important concepts of spontaneous symmetry breaking, scaling, and renormalization. In the last section I stress some of the main differences between first order and second order phase transitions. Chapter 4 starts with a short elementary introduction to Monte-Carlo simulations and proceeds with the important, but somewhat more advanced topic of reweighting.
Chapter 5 to 7 are more closely related to the specific projects I have worked on, and are meant to illuminate and clarify some aspects in Paper-II and Paper-III. Chapter 5 introduce the Ginzburg-Landau model in various parametrizations, present some perturbative (mean-field) results, and introduce the concept of topological defects (vortices) and duality.
Chapter 6 is closely related to Paper-II and introduce the concept of fractal dimension and the relation between the vortex excitations of the original theory and the dual field theory. Chapter 7 is closely related to Paper-III where we studied the order of the metal to superconductor phase transition. To do this we had to do infinite volume and continuum limit extrapolations. We also had to consider ultraviolet renormalization since the Ginzburg-Landau theory is a continuum field theory with no inherent short scale cut-off. To reduce auto-correlation times we added several improvements to the standard Metropolis algorithm in the Monte-Carlo simulations, the most important being an overrelaxation algorithm for the scalar field and a global update of the scalar amplitude.
All, Timothy James. "On the Galois module structure of the units and ray classes of a real abelian number field." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365594642.
Повний текст джерелаJesus, Elisângela Valéria de. "Módulos e grupos abelianos finitamente gerados." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6512.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of module M on a ring A can be seen as a generalization of the concept of vector space V over a field K. In this work, we will present definitions, examples and results about modules, our main objective being to demonstrate the theorem of structures for Abelian groups that tells us that every finitely generated abelian group is the direct sum of cyclic subgroups.
O conceito de módulo M sobre um anel A pode ser visto como uma generalização do conceito de espaço vetorial V sobre um corpo K. Neste trabalho, apresentaremos definições, exemplos e resultados acerca de módulos, sendo o nosso objetivo principal demonstrar o teorema de estruturas para grupos abelianos que nos diz que todo grupo abeliano finitamente gerado é a soma direta de subgrupos cíclicos.
Berthier, Thierry. "Generateurs et structure du groupe des classes d'ideaux des corps de nombres abeliens." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2038.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Diego Moure. "Diversidade e estrutura genética de populações urbanas de abelhas Centridini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) visitantes florais de Tecoma stans (L) Kunth (Bignoniaceae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-03122013-114958/.
Повний текст джерелаIn bees, as in other hymenopterans, the haplodiploidy and mechanism of sex determination constrain the effective population size. Moreover, the nesting close to home site by the females of solitary species restricts maternal gene flow and causes high population viscosity. Centris is a genus of solitary bees of the tribe Centridini found in different locations, such as continuous forests or forest fragments, as well as in urban environments; the species C. analis and C. tarsata stand out in the genre for the abundance that are found in these locations. They are polyletics bees, or generalists in collecting pollen, and nest in cavities pre-existing. In reason of its medium size, it is presumed that do not present high dispersal capacity. How some species of the genus are phylopatric, we presume that other also presenting similar behavior. These data lead us to suppose that species with similar traits have their populations naturally structured (subdivided). To test this hypothesis, we analyzed urban populations of four species of Centris for some regions of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The two subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COI and COII) and the tRNA leucine (tRNALeu) showed a low level of intraspecific variation, and the difficulty to amplify those regions for one species prevented the use of these regions to population analysis. Thus, we selected two gene regions with distinct rates of intra-specific variation, the gene cytochrome b (cytb) and the large subunit ribosomal DNA (16S). As a molecule maternally inherited, the analysis of the mitochondrial genes enabled us to obtain informations about colonization through the number of maternal lineages. Our results suggest that Centris tarsata and Centris trigonoides populations exhibit low and moderate genetic structuring, respectively. In C. analis, the species most well sampled, the excess of double peaks showed in the electropherograms difficults the interpretation of results. Also, for the species C. tarsata was possible to verify differences between males and females, suggesting the occurrence of a male skewed dispersion and an asymmetrical dispersion.
Sanches, Rafael Francisco Viana. "Algoritmo de enxame de abelhas para resolução do problema da programação da produção Job Shop flexível multiobjetivo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9055.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The production scheduling activity is considered as one of the most complex activities in production management. This activity is part of the class of NP-Hard problems found in the area of computer science, that is, those problems that can not be solved deterministically in polynomial time. In addition, the complexity of this activity may increase according to the constraints imposed on each programming system/problem. In this research, the problem of programming of production the Flexible Job Shop (JSF) is studied. This problem is considered an extension of the Job Shop programming problem. In JSF, a group of jobs (i.e., products, items, part of an item) formed by a set of operations and each operation must be programmed by a resource (i.e., machine) that belongs to a group of resources that have the same functional characteristics (e.g., cut, sanding, painting). This problem is characterized in two sub-problems being routing and sequencing activity. Routing involves determining which resource will process a given operation. Sequencing is the order in which each operation will be processed on a resource. Through established programming, the objective of this research is to optimize performance multicriteria: the makespan (i.e., time spent to produce a set of jobs), processing time spent on the resource that worked by more time and total production time. In order to reach the objectives mentioned above, a hybrid swarm approach is proposed in this research. In this approach, two auxiliary methods are used to treat the abovementioned sub-problems: genetic operator of mutation to perform the routing activity and for the sequencing activity, an adaptive method of neighborhood structures is proposed. In order to deal with the multiobjectivity of the problem, we propose the Pareto dominance method. Experimental results obtained through commonly used benchmarks prove the efficacy and superiority of the proposed approach when compared to other approaches also applied to the problem studied.
A atividade de programação da produção é considerada como uma das atividades mais complexas no gerenciamento da produção. Essa atividade faz parte da classe de problemas NP-Difícil encontrados na área da ciência da computação, ou seja, aqueles problemas que não podem ser solucionados deterministicamente em tempo polinomial. Além disso, a complexidade dessa atividade pode aumentar de acordo com as restrições impostas a cada sistema/problema de programação. Nesta pesquisa, estuda-se o problema de programação da produção Job Shop Flexível (JSF). Esse problema é considerado como uma extensão do problema de programação Job Shop. No JSF, deve-se programar um grupo de jobs (i.e., produtos, itens, parte de um item) formados por um conjunto de operações e cada operação é processada por um recurso (i.e., máquina) que pertence a um grupo de recursos que possuam mesmas caraterísticas funcionais (e.g., cortar, lixar, pintar). Esse problema é caracterizado em dois sub-problemas, sendo eles, a atividade de roteamento e de sequenciamento. O roteamento implica em definir qual recurso irá processar uma determinada operação. O sequenciamento é a ordem em que cada operação será processada em um recurso. Por meio da programação estabelecida objetiva-se nessa pesquisa, otimizar multicritérios de desempenho, sendo eles: makespan (i.e., tempo gasto para produzir um conjunto de jobs), tempo de processamento gasto no recurso que trabalhou por mais tempo e tempo total de produção. Para alcançar os objetivos supracitados é proposto nessa pesquisa uma abordagem híbrida de enxame de abelhas. Nessa abordagem, utiliza-se dois métodos auxiliares para tratar os sub-problemas supracitados, sendo eles: operador genético de mutação para realizar a atividade de roteamento e para a atividade de sequenciamento é proposto um método adaptativo de estruturas de vizinhança. Para tratar a multiobjetividade do problema, propõe-se o método dominância de Pareto. Resultados experimentais obtidos por meio de benchmarks comumente usados comprovam a eficácia e a superioridade da abordagem proposta quando comparada com outras abordagens também aplicadas ao problema estudado.
Ferreira, Kátia Maria. "A colonização de uma área por espécies de abelhas sem ferrão. Um estudo de caso: Partamona helleri (Friese, 1900) (Hymenoptera : Apidae: Meliponini)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5394.
Повний текст джерелаUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Bees are obligatory floral visitors and are considered the main pollinators of angiosperms. The increasing interest in the services of bees has led to efforts to develop management strategies for conservation purposes. The sustainable use of pollinators requires knowledge on the regional diversity of floral visitors obtained from the identification of the agents responsible for the effective pollination of crops. Furthermore, understanding the reproductive biology and population structure of these species as well as the factors that enable the colonization of certain areas by a species of bee are necessary requirements to designing management and conservation strategies. To test the hypothesis that a certain area may be colonized by a small number of maternal lineages of female founders of a species of stingless bee, samples from 73 nests of Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) located on the Brazilian campuses of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar, n = 34), Universidade de São Paulo in São Paulo (USP-SP, n = 14) and Universidade de São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto (USP-RP, n = 25) were analyzed for two mitochondrial genes cytochrome b (cyt b) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) in order to determine the number of different haplotypes. A fragment of the cytochrome b (485 bp) and cytochrome oxidase (611 bp) genes was sequenced for all nests sampled. The analysis of nucleotide sequences identified only one cyt b haplotype in samples from UFSCar and a second haplotype, distinct from the former by a base substitution, in samples from USP-SP, while samples from USP-RP exhibited three distinct haplotypes, one of which was shared by the samples from UFSCar. Among the nucleotide substitutions, some resulted in amino acid changes in the product of the cyt b gene. A similar result was observed with the COI gene. Fst values estimated for the mitochondrial DNA from the cyt b and COI genes were 31.8% and 36.1%, respectively. The estimated rate of nucleotide substitution for cyt b was higher than that found for COI. Thus, the former gene was found to be less conserved than the latter in stingless bees. The larger number of haplotypes observed in the samples from USP-RP may be due to the introduction of colonies from other regions of the country. To determine the occurrence of population structure for nuclear genes, the samples were also examined for several microsatellite loci. Among the 18 heterologous microsatellites loci tested, only four Mbi215, Mbi278, Mbi232 and Mbi254 exhibited genetic variation. The prospection of species-specific microsatellite loci for Partamona helleri using the enrichment method for the construction of DNA libraries allowed characterizing seven new loci. Samples from 73 nests (two workers per colony) were analyzed for eleven microsatellite loci. The populations exhibited significant differentiation (Fst = 0.129, P = 0.000). Fst values estimated for mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes (microsatellites) were compared to establish whether there is evidence for differential male and female dispersal ability in this species. No evidence was found of sex-asymmetrical dispersal (colonizing females are colonizers; males are dispersers). Analysis of phenotypic segregation in the progenies of several nests revealed the occurrence of monandry in the species studied and, consequently, a simple sociogenetic structure monogyny/monandry. The presence of 'foreign' workers was rarely observed in the nests analyzed.
As abelhas, por serem visitantes florais obrigatórios, são consideradas os principais agentes polinizadores das angiospermas. O crescente interesse pelos serviços das abelhas tem gerado esforços para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo para fins conservacionistas. A utilização sustentável dos polinizadores requer o conhecimento da diversidade regional dos visitantes florais obtido mediante a identificação dos agentes efetivos responsáveis pela polinização das culturas. Além disso, conhecer a biologia reprodutiva e a estrutura populacional dessas espécies, bem como elucidar quais os fatores que tornam possível a colonização de certa área por uma espécie de abelha, são requisitos necessários para o delineamento de estratégias de manejo e conservação. Visando verificar a hipótese de que certa área pode ser colonizada por um número reduzido de linhagens maternas das fêmeas fundadoras de uma espécie de abelha sem ferrão , amostras de 73 ninhos de Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) localizados nos Campi da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar, n = 34), da Universidade de São Paulo em São Paulo (USP-SP, n = 14) e da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto (USP-RP, n = 25) foram analisadas para dois genes mitocondriais, citocromo B (cyt b) e citocromo oxidase I (COI), com o fim de determinar o número de diferentes haplótipos. Um fragmento dos genes citocromo b e citocromo oxidase I, de 485 pb e 611 pb, respectivamente, foram seqüenciados para todos os ninhos amostrados. A análise das seqüências nucleotídicas permitiu identificar somente um haplótipo de cyt b para as amostras da UFSCar e um haplótipo, distinto do anterior por uma substituição de base, privativo das colônias do Campus da USP-SP; ao contrário, as amostras da USP-RP apresentaram três haplótipos distintos, um dos quais compartilhado com as amostras da UFSCar. Dentre as substituições nucleotídicas identificadas, algumas resultaram em alterações de aminoácidos no produto do gene cyt b. Resultado similar foi observado para o gene COI. Os valores do Fst estimado para o DNA mitocondrial a partir dos genes cyt b e COI foram iguais a 31,8% e 36,1%, respectivamente. A taxa de substituição nucleotídica estimada foi maior para cyt b em comparação com COI; dessa forma, o primeiro gene parece ser menos conservado em relação ao outro nas abelhas sem ferrão. O maior número de haplótipos observados na USP-RP pode ser resultante da introdução no local de colônias trazidas de outras regiões do país. A fim de verificar a ocorrência de estruturação populacional para genes nucleares, estas amostras foram igualmente analisadas para vários locos microssatélites. Dentre 18 microssatélites heterólogos testados, somente quatro - Mbi215, Mbi278, Mbi232 e Mbi254 - apresentaram variação genética. A prospecção de locos microssatélites específicos para Partamona helleri, utilizando o método do enriquecimento para a construção de bibliotecas de DNA, permitiu caracterizar sete locos espécie-específicos. Amostras dos 73 ninhos (duas operárias por colônia) foram analisadas para estes onze locos microssatélites. As populações apresentaram significativa diferenciação interpopulacional (Fst = 0,129; P = 0,000). Os valores do Fst estimados para genes mitocondriais e para genes nucleares (microssatélites) foram comparados para estabelecer se há evidências de dispersão diferencial de machos e fêmeas na espécie. Não foram detectadas evidências de dispersão sexo-assimétrica (fêmeas colonizadoras, marchos dispersores). Análises da segregação fenotípica nas progênies de vários ninhos revelaram a ocorrência de monandria na espécie estudada e, portanto, uma estrutura sociogenética simples - monoginia/monandria. A presença de operárias estranhas aos ninhos analisados foi raramente observada.
Pigozzo, Camila Magalhães. "Organização das comunidades locais de Apoidea em uma área de caatinga, Canudos-Ba." Programa de pós-graduação em ecologia e biomonitoramento do Instituto de Biologia UFBA, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10080.
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Estudos têm evidenciado que fatores locais afetam o número e a abundância de espécies coexistentes. Em uma área restrita de caatinga, na Reserva Biológica de Canudos (9o56?34?S e 38o59?17?W), estimaram-se as variáveis de estrutura do hábitat: densidade de arbustos e herbáceas, altura média de arbustos e herbáceas; e as relacionadas aos recursos: riqueza de espécies vegetais floridas, número de indivíduos floridos e abundância de flores disponíveis. Utilizou-se a correlação múltipla (índice de correlação de Pearson (r) e significância de 0,05 para testar a relação entre as citadas variáveis ambientais e a riqueza e abundância de espécies de abelhas. As variáveis faunísticas não demonstraram associação com as variáveis de estrutura do hábitat. No entanto, a riqueza de abelhas mostrou-se associada à riqueza de plantas floridas (r=0,537; p=0,039), à abundância de indivíduos floridos (r=0,580; p=0,023) e à abundância de flores (r=0,538;p=0,039); enquanto a abundância de abelhas apresentou correlação negativa e significativa com as três variáveis (r=-0,559, p=0,03; r=-0,573, p=0,026; r=-0,611, p=0,015, respectivamente). Segundo o paradigma da heterogeneidade dos recursos, o número de espécies em uma comunidade é positivamente relacionado ao de recursos disponíveis, e a abundância relativa das espécies é ditada pela dos recursos necessários. Os resultados corroboraram a primeira previsão, mas revelou um comportamento oposto ao esperado para a abundância dos recursos. A correlação negativa encontrada parece ser fruto da presença massiva das populações de Apis mellifera, espécie altamente generalista que monopoliza as fontes mais produtivas de recursos, podendo causar a diminuição das populações de abelhas nativas.
Salvador
Amâncio, Silvio Miyadaira. "Redução da taxa de transmissão de vídeo digital por meio da aplicação de segmentação de objetos aplicado ao estudo de abelhas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-26012009-082122/.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of videos in web based laboratories over computer networks, known as weblabs, is being conducted for bee research as part of the ViNCES (Virtual Network Center of Ecosystem Services) project, a research consortium composed by: LAA (Laboratório de Automação Agrícola da Escola Politécnica) and the Laboratório de Abelhas of the Ecology Department of the Biosciences Institute. ViNCES is a member of Kyatera, a high speed academic computer network which aims at developing aplications and technologies for the Advanced Internet. The bee weblab, called BBBee, allows the research and observation of the interior of a beehive, in which are collected climate, audio and video data. Real time audio and video are broadcasted over the Internet and through a local network using streaming format. The bandwidth requirements for video transmission are usually high and the video quality after conventional compression standards is, in general, low and can interfere in the biological research. Also, High-Definition video transmission for weblab is planned to be implemented in order to provide better tools for the researcher, which will demand even higher network bandwidth. On this scenario, this work intends to provide a video codification algorithm to enhance the quality of the transmitted images, at the region of interest, and also reduce the transmission and storage requirements for some situations by using segmentation and tracking techniques for videos. A complete CODEC was implemented and tested with actual video, quality and data rates were measured and evaluated using an objective metric. The results of the analysis provided some indications of directions for future enhancements and implementations.
Cardoso, Pedro Filipe Menezes. "Colonização e dispersão nos sítios de ocorrência, a genética das populações e história natural de Partamona ailyae Camargo, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8500.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Particular biological features of different bee groups can affect how a certain area will be occupied by them and this can affect directly the genetics of their populations over the long term. In Brazil, there are few studies about gene variation and genetic structure of bee natural populations, as well as on the genetic differentiation levels between eusocial bee populations. The Partamona genus comprises 33 species, distributed from Southern Mexico to Southern Brazil. Partamona ailyae, the model species of this study, occurs in rainforests of Southwestern Amazonia, Central Brazil and xeric regions of Piauí. Its wide distribution, as well as the ability to occupy such heterogeneous environments, piqued our interest to take P. ailyae as a study model. This work aimed to analyze the occupation process at the P. ailyae occurrence sites, population genetics and interpopulational gene flow, and the natural history of this species. Eight expeditions were carried out, and 41 localities of 10 states of Brazil were visited. Among them, active colonies of P. ailyae were found only in 17 localities, being collected specimens of 75 nests. To identify the mitochondrial lineages present in the sampled colonies, five gene regions were used (COI, CytB, 12S, 16S and COI-COII). Estimates of polymorphism levels showed COI and CytB as the most variable regions (11 and seven haplotypes, respectively). For the ribosomal genes, only a few samples were analyzed, because few differences were identified among the sequences. All the 31 samples analyzed for the 12S showed a five bases insertion starting from the position 25 of the sequence, a result not observed in other Partamona species. The most informative genes (COI and CytB) had their sequences concatenated (1114pb). For these regions, 13 haplotypes were observed, two of them were shared and 11 characterized as exclusive of localities. The AMOVA showed that 94.3% of the gene variation is due to interpopulacional differences, revealing a high differentiation among the populations (ΦST = 0.9426; P = 0.000). In addition, one individual from each colony was analyzed for eight heterologous microsatellite loci designed from Melipona bicolor and Partamona helleri. A moderate and statistically significant XIV interpopulational genetic differentiation (ΦST = 0.1491; P = 0.000) was found. The cluster analysis identified four groups by ΔK as the ideal model, and STRUCTURE software showed that all individuals could belong to more than one group, corroborating the “Assignment test”, which indicated that only 50% of the samples were correctly assigned to their original population. Phenotypic segregation analysis was realized in some offsprings, revealing a monoginic/monandric familial structure. From the mitochondrial data, the Mantel test showed a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.2589; P = 0.0231), whereas on basis of the nuclear data, the Mantel test did not indicate significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.2090; P = 0.0610). Fu’s Fs and R2 tests did not show significant values. The Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis (BSP) did not show significant fluctuations in the effective size populations of P. ailyae, indicating population stability over time. The values of ΦST estimated for mitochondrial genes and microsatellites were compared, being detected evidence of sex-asymmetric dispersal, in which females are responsible for the areas occupation, and males constitute the disperser sex. In addition, some relevant aspects of the natural history of P. ailyae are shown.
Características inerentes à biologia dos diferentes grupos de abelhas podem afetar como uma determinada área será ocupada e isso pode influenciar diretamente a genética de suas populações no longo prazo. No Brasil, poucos são os estudos que tratam da variabilidade e estrutura genéticas das populações naturais de abelhas, assim como os níveis de diferenciação entre as populações de abelhas eussociais. O gênero Partamona compreende 33 espécies descritas, distribuídas do sul do México ao sul do Brasil. Partamona ailyae ocorre nas matas úmidas do sudoeste da Amazônia, região central do Brasil e regiões xéricas do Piauí. A sua grande distribuição, bem como a capacidade de ocupar ambientes tão heterogêneos, despertou nosso interesse em utilizar P. ailyae como modelo de estudo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de ocupação nos diversos sítios de ocorrência de P. ailyae, a genética de suas populações e o fluxo gênico interpopulacional; adicionalmente, conhecer um pouco da história natural da espécie. Foram realizadas oito expedições, sendo visitadas 41 localidades de 10 estados brasileiros. Dentre estas localidades, em apenas 17 foram encontradas colônias ativas de P. ailyae, sendo coletados espécimes de 75 ninhos. Para identificar as linhagens mitocondriais presentes nas localidades amostradas, cinco regiões gênicas foram utilizadas (COI, CytB, 12S, 16S e COI-COII). Os níveis de polimorfismo estimados neste estudo mostraram COI como a região mais variável (11 haplótipos), seguido de CytB (sete haplótipos). Para os genes ribossomais, apenas algumas amostras foram analisadas, pois foram identificadas poucas diferenças entre as sequências. Todas as 31 amostras analisadas para o gene 12S apresentaram repetição/inserção de cinco bases a partir da posição 25 da sequência, resultado não observado nas demais espécies de Partamona analisadas. Os genes que forneceram maiores informações (COI e CytB) tiveram suas sequências concatenadas (1114pb) e para estas regiões, foram observados 13 haplótipos; destes, dois foram compartilhados e 11 caracterizados como exclusivos de localidades. A AMOVA demonstrou que 94,3% da variação genética é resultado de diferenças interpopulacionais, revelando uma XII elevada diferenciação entre as populações analisadas (ΦST = 0.9426; P = 0,000). Além disso, um indivíduo de cada colônia foi analisado para oito locos microssatélites, delineados para Melipona bicolor e Partamona helleri. As populações apresentaram moderada diferenciação interpopulacional (ΦST = 0,1491; P = 0,000). A análise de agrupamento identificou quatro grupos por meio do ΔK como sendo o modelo ideal, e através do STRUCTURE, foi verificado que todos os indivíduos das respectivas populações têm probabilidade de pertencer a mais de um grupo, corroborando o “Assignment test”, o qual indicou que apenas 50% das amostras foram corretamente identificadas à sua população de origem. Foi realizada análise da segregação fenotípica nas progênies de vários ninhos, revelando uma estrutura familial monogínica/monândrica. Para os dados mitocondriais, o teste de Mantel mostrou uma correlação significativa entre distância genética e distância geográfica (r = 0,2589; P = 0,0231). Já para os dados nucleares, esse teste não indicou correlação significativa entre as distâncias genéticas e geográficas (r = 0,2090; P = 0,0610). Os testes de Fs de Fu e R2 não apresentaram valores significativos. Na análise do Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP), não foram observadas oscilações marcantes no tamanho efetivo das populações de P. ailyae, indicando estabilidade populacional ao longo do tempo considerado. Os valores do ΦST estimados para genes mitocondriais e para os microssatélites foram comparados, sendo detectadas evidências de dispersão sexo-assimétrica, em que as fêmeas são as responsáveis pela ocupação de áreas, e os machos constituem o sexo dispersor. Além disso, são apresentados alguns aspectos relevantes da história natural de P. ailyae.
Terrisse, Robin. "Flux vacua and compactification on smooth compact toric varieties." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1144/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of flux vacua is a primordial step in the understanding of string compactifications and their phenomenological properties. In presence of flux the internal manifold ceases to be Calabi-Yau, but still admits an SU(3) structure which becomes thus the preferred framework. After introducing the relevant geometrical notions this thesis explores the role that fluxes play in supersymmetric compactification through several approaches. At first consistent truncations of type IIA supergravity are considered. It is shown that fermionic condensates can help support fluxes and generate a positive contribution to the cosmological constant. These truncations thus admit de Sitter vacua which are otherwise extremely difficult to get, if not impossible. The argument is initially performed with dilatini condensates and then improved by suggesting a mechanism to generate gravitini condensates from gravitational instantons. Then the focus shifts towards branes and their behavior under non abelian T-duality. The duals of several D-brane solutions of type II supergravity are computed and the branes are tracked down by investigating the fluxes and the charges they carry. The supersymmetric D2 brane is further studied by checking explicitly the generalized spinor equations and discussing the possibility of a massive deformation. The last chapter gives a systematic construction of SU(3) structures on a wide class of compact toric varieties. The construction defines a sphere bundle on an arbitrary two-dimensional toric variety but also works when the base is Kähler-Einstein
PASQUALI, MARCO. "On the structure of Borel stable abelian subalgebras in Z2-graded Lie algebras." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917818.
Повний текст джерелаSousa, Paulo Miguel Pinheiro de. "Genetic diversity and structure of wild bee species with different life-history traits." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/49341.
Повний текст джерелаHistorical demography and life-history traits are known to both influence the genetic structure and genetic diversity of species. In the Iberian Peninsula, genetic structure and diversity are known to be influenced by the last glaciations and by the peninsula’s spatial heterogeneity. Wild bees (Hymenoptera:Apoidea: Anthophila) present several different life-history traits which are known to influence the geneticdiversity and genetic structure of their species, such as body size, reproductive strategy, and dietspan. Wild bees act as pollinators of both wild plants and crops, and recent studies have shown their cur -rent decline. Here, we use RAD sequencing in three wild bee species Andrena flavipes, A. agilissima,and Lasioglossum malachurum to access their genetic structure and their genetic diversity. Also, we analyzethe genomic variation across the landscape for A. flavipes, using two recent approaches (GradientForest e Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling). We found that all three species present genetic structure,however A. flavipes has a very high differentiation level between its populations. One population (with53 samples) is present in the large majority of the peninsula. Genetic diversity is higher for A. agilissima and lower for A. flavipes. The inbreeding coefficient for the two Andrena species is higher than for the L. malachurum. Both methods used for the landscape genomic analysis revealed the importance of precipitation seasonality and the percentage of forest area as important variables to explain the allele turnover across the landscape. The results here obtained can be explained by both life-history traits and historical demography. However, genetic structure patterns for all species appear to be influenced with multiple putative glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula during the last glaciations. The landscape genomic results suggest the susceptibility of ectothermic animals to climate seasonality and the protection conferred by forests to such variations.