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Статті в журналах з теми "809.933 55"
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Nengjun, Ben, Oleksandr Labartkava, and Mykhailo Samokhin. "A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. PRINCIPLES OF DOPING OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE NICKEL ALLOYS RESISTANT TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION." Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, no. 2019-2 (May 5, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.2.2019.49-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.
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Kadonsi, Dr Kaziya, and Dr Muzata Kenneth. "Challenges in Indigenizing Mathematics Pedagogies and Practices in Southern Province, Zambia." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VII (2024): 2847–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.807221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the challenges associated with indigenizing mathematics pedagogies and practices in Zambia, as perceived by teachers. A survey of 55 mathematics teachers identified key obstacles, including limited understanding of indigenous knowledge (9.3%), resource scarcity (8.9%), resistance to change (9.5%), dominance of Western teaching methods (8.8%), and difficulty in identifying appropriate practices (9.9%). Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires, followed by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 15 teachers. Analysis revealed significant challenges: a shortage of culturally relevant teaching materials, language barriers, and inadequate teacher training. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive professional development programs, culturally relevant teaching materials, curriculum adaptation, and increased community involvement. Recommendations include developing teacher training programs, enhancing the availability of local resources, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and promoting community engagement. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving educators, policymakers, and communities to create an inclusive and culturally relevant educational system. Future research should explore long-term impacts and interdisciplinary approaches to indigenized education.
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Nelson, Blessie Elizabeth, Mohammed Gouda, Jason Roszik, Mimi L. Hu, Maria Cabanillas, and Vivek Subbiah. "Abstract 4261: Genomic landscape of 2128 thyroid cancers from the aacr genie database: Implications for targeted therapies." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Understanding molecular biology of thyroid cancer has revolutionized diagnosis, tumor classifications and identifying effective precision oncology therapies. Methods: Using AACR GENIE database v.12, we cataloged genetic and co-occurring alterations in all thyroid cancers. Results: We identified 2128 cases from 153,834 samples where tumor sub-histologies included Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC: 55%; 1162), Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (PDTC: 12%; 262); Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC: 12%; 244), Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC: 10%; 220); Follicular Thyroid Cancer (FTC: 5%; 111); Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer (HCTC: 5%; 95); and others (1; 34). Median age at sequencing was 59 years. Gender distribution was higher in female (54%; n=1104) compared to male (46%; n=933). Ethnicities included 73.2% (n=1,493) White, 8.9% (n=178) Asian, and others.Most frequent genomic mutational alterations overall were BRAF (40.8%; 868) [96% (n=845) V600E, 0.6% (n=5) G469A, 0.6% (n=5) V600_K601delinsE, 0.2% (n=2) K601E, 0.2% (n=2) A404Cfs*9, and 2.7% (n=24) others]; TERT (35%; 624); NRAS (11.6%; 247); TP53 (11.6%; 247) and RET (9.3%; 197) genes. There was variability in genomic alterations between sub-histologies (Table 1). There was statistically significant co-occurrence between BRAF and TERT, TERT and TP53, TERT and NRAS alterations (p<0.001). Mutually exclusive alterations were BRAF and NRAS, BRAF and RET, TERT and RET, NRAS and RET, TP53 and RET, and BRAF and TP53 (p<0.001).Copy number alterations (CNA) were observed in 497 samples and were most frequent in CDKN2A, NKX2-1, CDKN2B, NF2, and CRKL genes (16.5%, 16%, 15.5%, 13.1%, and 13%). 362 oncogenic fusions were noted predominantly in CCDC6-RET, RET-NCOA4, ETV6-NTRK3, BRAF-Intragenic (20%, 7.2%, 3%, 1.6%). Conclusion: Genomic profiling identified full breadth of BRAF, RET and NRAS alterations and co-occurring oncogenic driver alterations. This approach may refine use of targeted therapy in thyroid cancer. Table 1. Histology Most frequent Alterations % n PTC BRAF 62.3% 724 TERT 32.7% 332 PDTC TERT 49% 117 NRAS 28.2% 74 MTC RET 71.3% 174 HRAS 7.8% 19 ATC TP53 58.2% 128 TERT 56.7% 106 FTC TERT 41% 27 NRAS 26.1% 29 HCTC TERT 41% 34 TP53 17.9% 17 Citation Format: Blessie Elizabeth Nelson, Mohammed Gouda, Jason Roszik, Mimi L. Hu, Maria Cabanillas, Vivek Subbiah. Genomic landscape of 2128 thyroid cancers from the aacr genie database: Implications for targeted therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4261.
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Weidemann, Sören, Pauline Gagelmann, Natalia Gorbokon, Maximilian Lennartz, Anne Menz, Andreas M. Luebke, Martina Kluth, et al. "Mesothelin Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 12,679 Tumors." Biomedicines 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mesothelin (MSLN) represents an attractive molecule for targeted cancer therapies. To identify tumors that might benefit from such therapies, tissue microarrays including 15,050 tumors from 122 different tumor types and 76 healthy organs were analyzed for MSLN expression by immunohistochemistry. Sixty-six (54%) tumor types showed at least occasional weak staining, including 50 (41%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive sample. Highest prevalence of MSLN positivity had ovarian carcinomas (serous 97%, clear cell 83%, endometrioid 77%, mucinous 71%, carcinosarcoma 65%), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ductal 75%, ampullary 81%), endometrial carcinomas (clear cell 71%, serous 57%, carcinosarcoma 50%, endometrioid 45%), malignant mesothelioma (69%), and adenocarcinoma of the lung (55%). MSLN was rare in cancers of the breast (7% of 1138), kidney (7% of 807), thyroid gland (1% of 638), soft tissues (0.3% of 931), and prostate (0 of 481). High expression was linked to advanced pathological tumor (pT) stage (p < 0.0001) and metastasis (p < 0.0001) in 1619 colorectal adenocarcinomas, but unrelated to parameters of malignancy in 1072 breast-, 386 ovarian-, 174 lung-, 757 kidney-, 171 endometrial-, 373 gastric-, and 925 bladder carcinomas. In summary, numerous important cancer types with high-level MSLN expression might benefit from future anti-MSLN therapies, but MSLN’s prognostic relevance appears to be limited.
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Rahmadany, Sri Eka, Aza Zakiyatun Nida, Risha Fillah Fithria, and Ayu Shabrina. "UJI IRITASI DAN AKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA SECARA IN VITRO MINYAK BIJI PALA DALAM SISTEM MIKROEMULSI DENGAN VARIASI TWEEN 80-ETANOL." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 18, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v18i2.5957.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTNutmeg oil contains of α-pinene that can be used as sunscreen but it is thermolable. It is necessary to form a microemulsion system for nutmeg oil. This study was to determine in vitro SPF value by and irritation index from nutmeg oil in microemulsion system with Tween 80-ethanol as surfactant and cosurfactant. The system were made with 6.4 % of nutmeg oil and Tween 80-ethanol as with concentrations of 45% (F1), 50% (F2), 55% (F3). The nutmeg oil microemulsion was determined SPF value using spectrophotometer UV. The irritation test was done by the patch test method on rabbit skin with 4 groups of negative control, F1, F2, and F3. The skin was observed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Quantitative data were analyzed using one way Anova while irritation test data were described descriptively. The results of the sunscreen activity on nutmeg oil microemulsion for F1, F2 and F3 were 8,9 ± 0,12; 9,2 ± 0,51; and 9,3 ± 0,32 (p > 0,05). This SPF value were categorized in maximum protection. The primary irritation index values for F1, F2 and F3 were 0,1±1; 0,3±2,5; 0,1±0; so it can be concluded that microemulsion of nutmeg oil were very mildly irritating.Keywords: irritation, microemulsion, nutmeg seed oil, sunscreen activity
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Gugliotta, Luigi, Alessia Tieghi, Gianluca Gaidano, Silvia Franceschetti, Giorgina Specchia, Paola Carluccio, Maria Gabriella Mazzucconi, et al. "The Registro Italiano Trombocitemie (GIMEMA Project): Preliminary Analysis of the First 801 Enrolled Patients." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3639.3639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Epidemiological, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutical data were retrospectively obtained by the Italian Registry in over 2000 Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) patients who mainly were diagnosed according to the PVSG criteria and were treated with potentially leukemogenic drugs. The Registro Italiano Trombocitemie (RIT), that is a GIMEMA project, has been activated in order to registry italian ET patients, to improve the diagnosis appropriateness (WHO criteria), to promote the acquisition of biological data, to evaluate the compliance to the therapeutical guidelines of the Italian Society of Hematology (SIE), to monitor in particular the ET patients receiving Interferons alpha and Anagrelide, to evaluate cases of pregnancy, pediatric age and familiarity, to define the prognostic value of the biological factors as JAK2 mutation, clonality, etc, to create a network for activation of new clinical and biological studies. The RIT, co-ordinated by the Hematology Unit of Reggio Emilia, is a web based registry that beside a public area comprehends a database of italian ET patients. The data, with respect of the privacy rules, are object of validation and analysis by various RIT expert subcommittees. Eighty hematological Institutions adhered to the RIT and 801 patients have been registered since June 2005. The ET diagnosis was done according to the PVSG (90%) and WHO (10%) criteria. The patients, 492 females and 309 males, had age <40 yr (19%), 40–60 yr (32%), 60–70 yr (19%), >70 yr (30%), and the median age was 59 years. At diagnosis the platelet count was >1000 ×109/L in 29% of cases (mean 932). Few patients had prior thrombosis (4%; major 2%) and prior hemorrhage (2.6%). Patients at high risk of thrombosis were 55% on considering age >60 yr and/or previous thrombosis and/or PLT count >1500 ×109/L, and 65% on considering the PLT count cut-off of 1000 ×109/L. The patients shown general thrombotic risk factors (70%), disease related symptoms (40%) and splenomegaly (25%). By applying the WHO diagnostic criteria, the picture of true ET was found in 27% of cases. Sixty pregnancies have been reported. Aspirin was administered in 72% of patients and cytoreduction was performed in 62% of them, with use of Hydroxyurea (65%), Anagrelide (10%), Interferons alpha (10%), Pipobroman (4%), Busulfan (2%). A separate analysis for patients treated with Anagrelide and Iterferons alpha is in progress. To improve the diagnostic approach, the RIT has promoted the bone marrow biopsy revision (WHO criteria) and the acquisition of the new biological parameters.
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Zonder, Helene B., Joanne E. Mortimer, Carolyn E. Behrendt, Robin Smith, and Meghan Zomorodi. "Moderate-to-severe symptoms among survivors of early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e19644-e19644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e19644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e19644 Background: This cross-sectional survey describes the prevalence of moderate/severe symptoms among patients in a survivorship clinic. Methods: We administered QoL questionnaires (FACT-B, SF-36, HADS) to pts. treated for stage I-III disease at a survivorship visit. For symptoms reported by at least 18/55 subjects, we identified risk factors using logistic regression. Results: Subjects (n=55) were age 55.9(+8.9) yrs at study, age 52.6(+9.3) at dx, and median 23.7 (range 6.3-157.2) mos. from dx of stage I (30.9%), II (54.5%), or III (14.6%) disease. Systemic treatment included chemotherapy only (20.0%), endocrine therapy only (30.9%), or both therapies (49.1%). Currently, 65.5% were on endocrine therapy. Symptoms experienced “quite a bit” or “very much” during the past wk were: hot flashes (45.5%), joint pain (30.9%), weight gain (30.9%), loss of libido (30.9%), vaginal dryness (27.3%), and night sweats (27.3%). In the past mo., 43.6% accomplished less than they would have liked due to physical health, and 30.9% felt worn out at least “a good bit of the time”. Sleep quality was rated “fairly to very bad” (32.7%), and 25.5% felt fatigued at least half the day during the past week. Vigorous activities were “limited a lot” for 36.4%, and increased with age at dx. Fre-quent hot flashes were associated with age < 50 years (6.40, 1.75-23.35) and being within 1year of dx (10.67, 1.05-108.69). Adjusted for age at dx, poor quality of sleep increased with stage of disease (9.68, 2.25-41.69, per step increase) and was associated with having received endocrine therapy only (9.98, 1.40-71.03) and being within the first year after dx (9.54, 0.76-119.47). Conclusions: Limitation in activities, poor quality of sleep, and symptoms of hormonal suppression are common among survivors of early stage breast cancer. Poor quality sleep and frequent hot flashes appear to decrease in prevalence 1 yr after dx, but other common symptoms do not. A longitudinal cohort study is underway.
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Yurtsever Kum, Nurcan. "Does final intraoperative endoscopic control increase surgical success in conventional septoplasty?" Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbu.2023.67044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the final endoscopic control performed intraoperatively in conventional septoplasty on operative time, residual deviation, and changes in Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness Scale (NOSE) scores. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients who applied with the complaint of nasal obstruction between June 2020 and May 2021 and were found to have isolated nasal septum deviation were evaluated in this prospective study. Patients with comorbidities were excluded from the study. Remaining 80 patients (55 males, 25 females; mean age: 30.1±8.9 years; range, 18 to 58 years) included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 40 individuals using the blocked randomization method. In the first group (CS-EC group; 26 male, 14 female; mean age: 31.7±8.3 year; range 18 to 58 year), after conventional septoplasty with head light, additional pathologies were corrected with the conventional method if it was detected by the endoscope. For the second group (CS group; 29 male, 11 female; mean age: 28.6±9.3 year; range 18 to 53 year), only conventional septoplasty was performed. The patients were evaluated with NOSE before and three months after the operation to evaluate the complaint of nasal obstruction. The groups were compared in terms of NOSE scores, operation time, and postoperative residual deviation. Results: The mean operation times in the CS-EC and CS groups were 44.9±9.3 and 39.0±7.7 min, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). While there was no statistically significant difference between the CS-EC and CS groups in terms of preoperative total NOSE scores (p=0.211), the postoperative total NOSE score was found to be statistically significantly lower in the CS-EC group compared to the CS group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Final intraoperative endoscopic control of the nasal passage in classical septoplasty may be an effective method to detect septal deviations that cannot be adequately evaluated.
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Folprecht, Gunnar, Thomas Gruenberger, Wolf Bechstein, Hans-Rudolf Raab, Juergen Weitz, Florian Lordick, Joerg Thomas Hartmann, et al. "Cetuximab and chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with initially “nonresectable” colorectal (CRC) liver metastases: Long-term follow-up of the CELIM trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
3538 Background: CRC liver metastases can be resected after downsizing with intensive chemotherapy schedules, with a strong correlation between the response and resection rates. Cetuximab plus chemotherapy has been shown to increase the rates of tumor response and resection of liver metastases. (Van Cutsem et al, JCO 2011). Methods: Patients (pts) with technically non-resectable and/or with > 4 liver metastases were randomized to treatment with FOLFOX/cetuximab (arm A) or FOLFIRI/cetuximab (arm B) and evaluated regarding resectability every 2 months. Resection was offered to all patients who became resectable during the study. K-ras and b-raf status were retrospectively evaluated. Data on tumor response and resection were reported earlier (Folprecht et al, Lancet Oncol 2010). Overall and progression free survival were analyzed in December 2012. Results: Between Dec 2004 and March 2008, 56 pts were randomized to arm A, 55 to arm B. For the current analysis, 109 pts were evaluable for overall survival (OS), and 106 patients for PFS. The median OS was 35.7 [95% CI: 27.2-44.2] months (arm A: 35.8 [28.1-43.6], arm B: 29.0 [16.0-41.9], HR 1.03 [0.66-1.61], p=0.9). The median PFS was 10.8 [9.3-12.2] months (Arm A: 11.2 [7.2-15.3], Arm B: 10.5 [8.9-12.2], HR 1.18 [0.79-1.74], p=0.4). Patients with R0 resection had a better OS (median: 53.9 [35.9-71.9] mo) than patients without R0 resection (27.3 [21.1-33.4] mo, p=0.002) and a better PFS (median 15.4 [11.4-19.5] and 8.9 [6.7-11.1] mo in R0 resected and not R0 resected pts, p<0.001). The 5 year survival in R0 resected patients is 46.2% [29.5-62.9%]. Conclusions: This study confirmed a favourable long term survival of patients with initially “nonresectable” CRC liver metastases treated in a multidisciplinary approach of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab and subsequent metastasectomy in pts who became resectable. Clinical trial information: NCT00153998. [Table: see text]
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Tan, Ken Wei, Borame Sue Lee Dickens, and Alex R. Cook. "Projected burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related complications in Singapore until 2050: a Bayesian evidence synthesis." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (March 2020): e000928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveWe examined the effects of age, gender, and ethnicity on the risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and end-stage renal disease according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status among adults aged 40–79 in Singapore.MethodsA Bayesian inference framework was used to derive age-specific, gender-specific and ethnicity-specific prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the 2010 Singapore National Health Survey, and age-standardized gender and ethnicity-specific incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke and end-stage renal disease from the National Registry of Diseases Office. Population forecasts were used in tandem with incidence rates to project the future chronic disease burden until 2050.ResultsThe highest relative risk of acute myocardial infarction was observed in the youngest age group (aged 40–44), with higher relative risk for women (men: 4.3 (2.7–6.4); women: 16.9 (9.3–28.3)). A similar trend was observed for stroke (men: 6.5 (4.2–9.7); women: 10.7 (6.0–17.4)). For end-stage renal disease, the highest relative risk was for men aged 45–50 (11.8 (8.0–16.9)) and women aged 55–60 (16.4 (10.7–24.0)). The annual incidence of acute myocardial infarction is projected to rise from 9300 (in 2019) to 16 400 (in 2050), the number of strokes from 7300 to 12 800, and the number of end-stage renal disease cases from 1700 to 2700.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of complications and is modulated by age and gender. Prevention and early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus can reduce the increasing burden of secondary complications.
Частини книг з теми "809.933 55"
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Powell, W. G., M. W. Kilbourne, and C. J. Hodgson. "Gold-Related Geology of the Matachewan Camp." In Archean Gold Deposits of the Matachewan-Kirkland Lake-Larder Lake Area, Ontario, Canada, 72–88. Society of Economic Geologists, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/gb.11.ch07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Matachewan camp is located in the southwestern Abitibi Greenstone Belt of the Superior Province, 55 kilometres west of Kirkland Lake, northeastern Ontario. Gold production from the camp has come entirely from two contiguous mines, the Young-Davidson mine (YDM) and the Matachewan Consolidated mine (MCM). Between 1933 and 1957, a total of 9. 6 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 3. 1 g/t Au and 0. 93 g/t Ag was produced from these mines. In 1979-80 Pamour Porcupine Mines Limited removed an additional 18,000 tonnes of ore at >3.4 g/t from open pit operations on the Matachewan Consolidated property (Sinclair, 1982). Since the surface exposures of ore grade mineralization have long since been removed from the mines of the Matachewan area, one cannot examine the detailed controls of the mineralization. Thus the aim of this surface field trip is to examine the regional setting of the Matachewan gold mines, the geological history of the area, and the general style and mineralogy of the gold mineralization and associated alteration. These features may then be compared with those of other gold deposits associated with the major tectonic zones of the southern Abitibi belt. In addition, evidence of post-Archean reactivation of major structures, including the Larder Lake-Cadillac Break (LLCB), and its relevance to gold exploration will be examined.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "809.933 55"
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Moreto-Planas, L., MJ Sagrado, R. Mahajan, J. Gallo, E. Biague, R. Goncalves, P. Nuozzi, et al. "Can point-of-care ultrasound support tuberculosis diagnosis in children? The experience of MSF in Guinea-Bissau." In MSF Scientific Days International 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/b8m1-p572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and over 50% of childhood TB remains undiagnosed every year. As microbiological confirmation is low (<30%), the majority of cases in low and middle-income countries are diagnosed on clinical grounds. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a non-invasive bedside tool, and TB-focused POCUS has been validated for diagnosis of TB in adults with HIV. We aimed to describe the performance and findings of TB-focused POCUS for children with presumptive TB at a tertiary care hospital in Guinea- Bissau, a setting with a high burden of HIV, malnutrition and TB. METHODS This observational study took place at Simão Mendes hospital in Bissau, from July 2019 to April 2020. Patients aged between 6 months and 15 years with presumptive TB underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with at least one sample analysed with GeneXpert Ultra, and unblinded clinician-performed POCUS evaluation. POCUS was used to assess for subpleural nodules (SUN’s), lung consolidation, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, liver and splenic focal lesions, and abdominal lymph nodes. Presence of any of these signs prompted a POCUS- positive result. Images and clips were evaluated by an expert reviewer and, if discordant, by a second expert reviewer. ETHICS This study was approved by the MSF Ethics Review Board (ERB) and by the Guinea-Bissau Ministry of Health ERB. RESULTS A total of 139 children were enrolled, with 62 (45%) female and 55 (40%) aged under 5 years. HIV infection and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were found in 59 (42%) and 83 (60%) of patients, respectively. Confirmation of TB was achieved in 27 (19%); 62 (45%) had unconfirmed TB, and 50 (36%) had unlikely TB. Children with TB were more likely to have a POCUS positive result (83/89; 93%) as compared to children with unlikely TB (17/50; 34%). The most common POCUS signs in TB patients were: lung consolidation (51; 57%), SUN’s (49; 55%), pleural effusion (27; 30%), and focal splenic lesions (25; 28%). In children with confirmed TB (n=27), POCUS sensitivity was 85.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 67.5-94.1). In those with unlikely TB (n=50), specificity was 66% (95%CI 2.2-77.6). Unlike HIV infection, SAM was associated with higher risk of positive POCUS. Cohen’s kappa coefficient for concordance between field and expert reviewers ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 depending on the POCUS sign, while overall POCUS concordance was 0.8. CONCLUSION We found high prevalence of any POCUS sign in children with TB, as compared to children with unlikely TB. POCUS positivity was independent of HIV status, but not of nutritional status. POCUS concordance between field and expert reviewers was moderate to high. TB-focused POCUS could potentially play a supportive role in the diagnosis of TB in children. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared.
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Barraza, Leonardo José Lora, Monica Fresneda Vorontsova, Thays Merçon, Marcos Davi Sousa, and José Augusto da Costa Nery. "Campanha de combate à sífilis em um centro de referência em dermatologia sanitária: uma estratégia de divulgação científica." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introdução: Este é um projeto de extensão que ocorre no nosso instituto de dermatologia desde 2017. A ação foi estruturada na prevenção do agravo, reconhecimento dos sintomas e testagem oportuna, voluntária, sigilosa e gratuita. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da campanha por meio de dois eixos de atividades de extensão e de pesquisa. Métodos: Essa iniciativa tem sido dividida em dois eixos: a primeira etapa com uma atividade de extensão e a segunda com uma atividade de ensino e pesquisa. Resultados: A ação inicial foi a realização gratuita de testes rápidos para o rastreamento de sífilis. Na edição de 2017, 93 usuários foram testados, a maioria eram mulheres (68%), jovens (43%), 94% declararam sua orientação sexual como heterossexual, 3% homens que fazem sexo com homens e 3% bissexual. Do total, 88% negaram história de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis anteriores, entretanto 2% referiam antecedente de sífilis. Quanto à prática sexual, 55% afirmaram prática exclusivamente genital, 21% oral e genital, porcentagens menores representaram outros tipos. E 80% referiram uso irregular do preservativo. Cinco usuários tiveram teste reagente para sífilis. Dos participantes que afirmaram saber como a sífilis é transmitida, apenas 23% usam preservativo sempre. Em outubro de 2017 e 2019, realizamos as atividades de pesquisa e extensão com o Seminário “Dia Nacional de Combate à Sífilis” dividido em dois blocos de mesas-redondas sobre questões epidemiológicas, aspectos clínicos e de tratamento, testes laboratoriais, coinfecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana, sífilis na gravidez, sífilis congênita e o atendimento humanizado para a inclusão, promovendo um espaço para trocas de informações e experiências. Conclusão: Independentemente do tamanho da amostra da atividade de extensão, 5% de resultados positivos para sífilis mostram que a prevalência na população é realmente significativa. O preservativo não é utilizado em todas nas relações sexuais por diversos fatores, principalmente pelos jovens. Nessa perspectiva, este projeto pode promover mudanças e sensibilização em prol da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.
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Сокуева, Х. Ю. "КОМОРБИДНОСТЬ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМ ПЕРЕДНИМ Q ИНФАРКТОМ МИОКАРДА И САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА". У X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ЦЕЛЬ: изучить коморбидность больных с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2), получающих лечение по по-
воду переднего острого инфаркта миокарда (ОИМ) с зубцом Q.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование вошли 90 пациентов с передним ОИМ с зубцом Q, получаю-
щие гликлазид (n=30, 1-группа), глимепирид (n=30, 2 группа) и глибенкламид (n=30, 3 группа). Изучались
липидограмма, гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1C), креатинин, альбуминурия, осматривались неврологом,
окулистом, рассчитывался индекс массы тела (ИМТ).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: мужчин было 43 (47,7%), а женщин 47 (52,3%). Возраст мужчин составлял 60±9 [57-62] лет,
женщин 53±8 [50-55]. В 1 группе ИМТ составил 30,4±2,1[29,6-31,1] кг/м2, во 2 группе ИМТ 31,6±2,3 [30,7-32,4],
а в 3 группе- 31,2±3,9 [29,8-32,6] кг/м2. При проведении анализа корреляционной взаимосвязи ИМТ от стажа
СД2 была установлена высокой тесноты обратная связь (р<0,001, rxy= -0,782). При увеличении стажа СД2
на 1год следует ожидать уменьшение ИМТ на 0,402. Полученная модель объясняет 61,2% наблюдаемой
дисперсии. При оценке связи ИМТ и возраста была установлена умеренной тесноты обратная связь. При
увеличении возраста на 1 следует ожидать уменьшение показателя ИМТ на 0,319. При оценке связи ИМТ
и дозы препарата сульфонилмочевины (ПСМ) связь отсутствовала. При увеличении дозы ПСМ на 1 следует
ожидать увеличение ИМТ на 0,019. У всех пациентов регистрировалась дислипидемия: ЛПНП в 1 груп-
пе 3,2±0,4[3,06-3,34], во 2 группе 3,2±0,6 [2,99 -3,41], в 3 группе 3,3±0,7 [3,05-3,55]; холестерин в 1 группе
5,7±1,0 [5,34-6,06], в 2 группе 5,9±0,9 [5,58-6,22], в 3 группе 6,1±0,9 [5,7-6,42]. У всех больных была выявлена
артериальная гипертензия (АГ). Во всех группах диагностировались хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП).
В 1 группе было с ХБП С2А1 5 пациентов (16,7%), 17 больных с ХБП С3а (А1-А2) (56,7%) и 8- ХБП С3б (А1-А2)
(26,7%). Во 2 группе ХБП С2А1 3,3% (n=1), ХБП С3а (А1-А2) 86,7% (n=26), ХБП С3б (А1-А2) 10% (n=3). В 3 группе
ХБПС2А1 40%(n=12), ХБП С3аА1-А2 36,7%(n=11), ХБП С3бА1-А2 23,3% (n=7). Из 90 пациентов со скоростью
клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) более 50мл/мин/1.73 м2 было 14, а с менее 50 мл/мин/1.73 м2-16 больных.
Чем больше стаж СД2, тем меньше СКФ был. Был проведен анализ для выявления связи между СКФ и дли-
тельности СД2. Исходя из полученных данных при сопоставлении показателя стажа СД более 6 лет и по-
казателя СКФ менее 50 мл/мин/1.73 м2, были установлены статистически значимые различия (p = 0,004,
p < 0,001). Анализ показал, шанс иметь СКФ меньше 50 при наличии СД2 более 6 лет были выше в 37,500 раз,
по сравнению с СД менее 6 лет, различия шансов были статистически значимыми (95% ДИ: 3,638 – 386,513).
HbA1C составил 9,3±1,2 [9,1-9,6]. Корреляционный анализ показал, что при увеличении стажа СД2 на 0,446
следует ожидать увеличение HbA1C на 1. При увеличении HbA1C на 1 следует ожидать увеличение СКФ
на 1,007. При увеличении HbA1C на 1 следует ожидать уменьшение ИМТ на 0,518. При осмотре глазного
дна выявились в 1 группе 80% (n=24) больных с ретинопатией, во 2 группе 80 % (n=24), в 3 группе 66,6 %
(n=20). Всем больным был выставлен диагноз диабетическая полинейропатия.
ВЫВОДЫ: больные с СД2 и передним ОИМ с зубцом Q имели осложнения и заболевания, которые
говорили о наличии и риске значимых сердечно-сосудистых осложнений.
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Panok, Vitalii, and Iryna Tkachuk. "Social-Psychological problems of pedagogues in conditions pandemic of COVID-19." In National Events on WMHD in Ukraine. N-DSA-N, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/nmhdup2021.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have hit the education industry the hardest, but the socio-psychological effects of quarantine are still poorly understood. A group of scientists from the Ukrainian SMC of practical psychology and social work of the NAES of Ukraine has conducted a study of the socio-psychological problems that have arisen for teaching staff of general secondary education establishments in the context of the pandemic. Purpose. The research was carried out during the implementation of the scientific topic «Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of the psychological service of the educational system» on the order of the National Research Fund of Ukraine. Design\approach\methodology. The study was conducted by interviewing educators through Google forms. Most of the questions contained a 10-step scale. In processing the data, all respondents’ answers were grouped into 5 categories: "yes", "more likely to", "more likely not", "no", "don’t know/it’s hard to say". The survey was attended by 3,209 teaching staff from general secondary education institutions from all regions of Ukraine, 45% from urban areas, 55% from rural areas; among which 92% were women and 8% were men. Results. Among the results, researchers highlighted the difficulties and fears of educators caused by the pandemic. The fears and complexities of the profession were distributed as follows. 1. The fear of getting infected (infecting family members) is common to 78.2% of the surveyed. 40.9% of the interviewed felt this fear to the greatest extent. However, 9.3% found those fears irrelevant. 2. Problems associated with the use of ICT in educational activities (lack of competence) — 53.2%. Among those, 22.2% have major difficulties and 31% have minor difficulties. Only 15.7% consider themselves fully competent. 3. 73% of educators noted difficulties in involving children in distance learning. This was the main problem for 12.8% of respondents. 4. «It is difficult to adhere to all anti-epidemic requirements in an educational institution to protect students» — 69.5% stated that this is one of the most significant problems of professional activity. 5. Emotional exhaustion, loss of emotional balance, excessive fatigue. 58.7% said that the problem was significant, of which almost 18% said it was very significant. 6. 51.1% of respondents indicated that they were unable to communicate with students' parents regarding monitoring the quality of their students' knowledge. Of these, 8.7% rated it with the highest score. 7. Health related difficulties (consequential of COVID-19). 31.2% of educators consider this problem to be relevant, while 8.9% rated it as very relevant. 30.4% of those interviewed denied the existence of such a problem. Conclusions Taking into account the results of the study, the most relevant areas in the work of the psychologists in the educational system are the following: ● prevention among educators and students of the COVID-bullying; ● working with negative emotional states of participants in the educational process and increasing their stress tolerance; ● providing socio-educational assistance to children and families in difficult life situations, and forming positive life prospects. Keywords. COVID-19 pandemic; pedagogues; social-psychological problems; fear of getting infected; emotional exhaustion
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Knieling, Victoria, and Nirmalya Thakur. "Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Young Adults: Findings from a User Diversity-based Analysis." In 12th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Young adulthood is a stage of development marked by several changes in social and interpersonal relationships [1]. It is also marked by relatively frequent occurrences of stress, anxiety, and depression [2,3]. Furthermore, during the phase of young adulthood, there is a heightened vulnerability for the development of several mental health-related problems [4]. Early-onset depression is considered a more severe manifestation of the disorder as late-onset depression is linked to fewer psychosocial scars and a lower prevalence of simultaneous mental illnesses [5]. Furthermore, the presence of significant depression or anxiety throughout early adulthood may increase the likelihood of developing drug misuse or dependency later in life [6]. Therefore, analysis of stress, anxiety, and depression in young adults has attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines in the recent past. However, none of the prior works in this area have focused on the analysis of stress, anxiety, and depression in young adults by considering user diversity with a specific focus on age group and gender. The work presented in this paper aims to address this research gap by presenting the findings of a comprehensive analysis of a dataset [7] that presents the stress, anxiety, and depression levels experienced by 95 young adults, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). First, for age groups, 18-20, 21-25, and 26-30, average stress and anxiety levels were higher in females as compared to males. Second, for all these age groups, the percentages of females who experienced a higher level of depression as compared to anxiety or stress were 15%, 16%, and 33.33%, respectively - indicating an increasing trend. However, such an increasing trend was not observed for males across different age groups. Third, for all these age groups, the percentages of females who experienced a higher level of stress as compared to anxiety or depression were 80%, 64%, and 66.67%, respectively. The pattern was observed to be different for males as for all these age groups, the percentages of males who experienced a higher level of stress as compared to anxiety or depression were 41.66%, 59.09%, and 28.57%, respectively. Fourth, Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the nature of correlations between stress, anxiety, and depression for each of these diversity groups of young adults. For the age group of 18-20, the correlation between the DASS Stress Score and the DASS Depression Score was observed to be statistically significant for males but not for females. For the age group of 26-30, the correlation between the DASS Anxiety Score and the DASS Depression Score was observed to be statistically significant for females but not for males. In addition to this, for this age group, the correlation between the DASS Stress Score and the DASS Depression Score was also observed to be statistically significant for males but not for females. Finally, a comparative study with prior works in this field is also presented in this paper to uphold its novelty and relevance.References1.Konstam, V.: Emerging and young adulthood: Multiple perspectives, diverse narratives. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015).2.Arnett, J.J.: New Horizons in research on emerging and young adulthood. In: Early Adulthood in a Family Context. pp. 231–244. Springer New York, New York, NY (2012).3.Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R., Van Roekel, E., Lodder, G., Bangee, M., Maes, M., Verhagen, M.: Loneliness across the life span. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 10, 250–264 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615568999.4.Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E.E.: Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 62, 593 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593.5.Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P.M., Seeley, J.R.: Are adolescents changed by an episode of major depression? J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 33, 1289–1298 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199411000-00010.6.Chilcoat, H.D., Breslau, N.: Posttraumatic stress disorder and drug disorders: Testing causal pathways. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55, 913 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.10.913.7.Senaratne, H., Kuhlmann, L., Ellis, K., Melvin, G., Oviatt, S.: Anxiety Phases Dataset, (2021). Available Online: https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/dataset/Anxiety_Phases_Dataset/15176082 (accessed on 26 September 2023).