Статті в журналах з теми "709.440 9033"

ABSTRACTTorezolid (TR-700) is the active moiety of the prodrug torezolid phosphate ([TP] TR-701), a second-generation oxazolidinone with 4- to 16-fold greater potency than linezolid against Gram-positive species including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). A double-blind phase 2 study evaluated three levels (200, 300, or 400 mg) of oral, once-daily TP over 5 to 7 days for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Patients 18 to 75 years old with cSSSI caused by suspected or confirmed Gram-positive pathogens were randomized 1:1:1. Of 188 treated patients, 76.6% had abscesses, 17.6% had extensive cellulitis, and 5.9% had wound infections.S. aureus, the most common pathogen, was isolated in 90.3% of patients (139/154) with a baseline pathogen; 80.6% were MRSA. Cure rates in clinically evaluable patients were 98.2% at 200 mg, 94.4% at 300 mg, and 94.4% at 400 mg. Cure rates were consistent across diagnoses, regardless of lesion size or the presence of systemic signs of infection. Clinical cure rates in patients withS. aureusisolated at baseline were 96.6% overall and 96.8% for MRSA. TP was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels. No patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. Three-stage hierarchical population pharmacokinetic modeling yielded a geometric mean clearance of 8.28 liters/h (between-patient variability, 32.3%), a volume of the central compartment of 71.4 liters (24.0%), and a volume of the peripheral compartment of 27.9 liters (35.7%). Results of this study show a high degree of efficacy at all three dose levels without significant differences in the safety profile and support the continued evaluation of TP for the treatment of cSSSI in phase 3 trials.

Clinical nursing care practice is a crucial role in ensuring quality care for patients and contiuously quality improving for healthcare services. Objectives: this study aims to describe the status of clinical nursing care practice and analyse some associated factors among nurses in healthcare facilities in Bac Giang province in 2023. Method: A cross-sectional study was employed among nurses at the clinical departments in 10 healthcare facilities in Bac Giang provinces (including 01 provincial general hospital and 09 districal healthcare centres). A total of 700 nurses were selected in this study. Results: The main findings showed that the clinical nursing care practice reached at 70.9% in general. In which, the proportion of nurses had achieved the standard 6 “Performing clinical care techniques according to the procedures" at the highest rate (90.3%) and the standard 11 "Communicating effectively with patients and their families" at the lowest rate (73.7%). The average score for clinical care practice among nurses ranged from 4.0 to 4.2. The results indicated that participating in training, job satisfaction and satisfaction with the equipment had a significant association with the clincal nursing care practice (p<0.05). Conclusions: Strengthening training and regularly ensuring a working environment with adequate equipment and ensuring job satisfaction is a necessary factor to contribute for improving the clincal nursing care practice at public healthcare facilities in Bac Giang province. Keywords: Nurses, competencies, clincal nursing care practice, health workforce, Vietnam.

Genetic variation is needed for developing new superior varieties in plant breeding. Genetic variation of chili plants could be increased by inducing mutation with gamma rays irradiation. The aim of this study was to determine radiosensitivity of two local varieties of chili pepper by calculating the lethal dose values at LD20 and LD50. Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) seeds of local varieties origin from Tulungagung and Ponorogo were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at doses of: 0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; 1000 Gray (Gy); each as many as 50 seeds per dose of radiation. The irradiated chili seeds were grown in small polybags containing 1:1 mixture of soil and compost. Germination parameters of chili seeds was observed 30 days after planting (DAT) to determine lethal dose of 20 (LD20) and lethal dose of 50 (LD50). The results showed that increasing doses of gamma rays caused greater damage to chili seeds therefore the seeds were not able to germinate. Local Tulungagung Variety had LD20 and LD50 of 147.62 Gy and 409.52 Gy; and the Local Ponorogo variety had LD20 and LD50 of 90.3 Gray and 453.7 Gray. Local Tulungagung Variety was more sensitive to gamma rays than Local Ponorogo Variety. LD20 and LD50 can be used to get a lot of genetic variation and obtaining the positive mutants. Keywords: Irradiation, Genetic variation, Lethal dose, Mutation

Abstract The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is a type of reactor in which coolant and fuel are blended with liquid salts. Liquid fuel enhances heat transfer and temperature control, establishing the MSR as one of the Generation IV reactor types. This study aims to analyze the impact of temperature variations on MSR reactor criticality and evaluate the effect of different nuclear data libraries, namely JENDL 3.2, JENDL 3.3, and JENDL 4.0, in neutron analysis. The observed temperature variations are 600 K, 700 K, 833 K, 903 K, and 1000 K. The analysis spans low to operational temperatures to comprehend reactor performance under differing thermal conditions. The study is conducted on a 300 MWTh MSR design, utilizing SRAC2006 with PIJ and CITATION modules for calculations. The results reveal the impact of temperature variations and nuclear data library disparities on reactor criticality. The outcomes demonstrate that higher temperatures correspond to lower values of the effective multiplication factor. At lower temperatures, neutrons experience greater moderation compared to higher temperatures. As a result, a higher number of thermal neutrons influences an increased probability of fission reactions within the reactor. Different nuclear data libraries also yield varied criticality values due to differing cross-sectional areas and quantities of data within each JENDL library. JENDL 4.0 generates the highest criticality value, attributed to elevated cross-sectional regions of each respective nuclear data entry and a greater quantity of nuclear data entries than JENDL 3.2 and JENDL 3.3.

A total of 700 carotid endarterectomies have been performed over a 24-year period at the authors' institute; of these patients 632 (90.3%) had unilateral and 68 (9.7%) had bilateral disease. Some 71 patients who declined operation were followed-up to obtain the natural history of carotid disease. The operative results were compared against this untreated group of patients. Surgical endarterectomy was recommended for a recovered stroke in 190 patients (27.1%), progressive ischaemia in 20 (2.9%) and transient ischaemic attacks in 410 (58.6%). A group of 100 patients with non-specific symptomatology, who were considered ‘symptom-free’, were also operated on; none of these died or developed permanent postoperative neurological defects. The mean age of patients was 56 (range 28-86) years. The overall operative mortality rate was 0.8%. Perioperative neurological deficits occurred in 0.5% and temporary cranial nerve injury in 1.8%. The follow-up covered a period of 10 years, but was in several instances extended to 14 years. The incidence of late neurological events in the patients having an endarterectomy was 3%. In the non-operated group, 12% of normotenslve and 18% of hypertensive patients developed symptoms. The 10-year postoperative survival rate was 80% in the symptom-free group of patients. 70% in those with transient ischaemic attacks and 60% in those who had a previous stroke.

9036 Background: Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. In total, ∼50% of metastatic melanoma pts treated with 10 mg/kg ipilimumab are alive at 1 year (Wolchok et al. CRI-CVC annual meeting 2008. Oral presentation), and identifying prognostic factors may help select pts most likely to benefit from treatment. Factors predictive of poorer prognosis in melanoma include advanced stage of disease (ie, M1c), age 60+, gender (male), elevated baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and lack of a prior response to therapy. In this pooled analysis, potential prognostic factors in pts with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab 10 mg/kg in 2 phase II studies (CA184–008, N=155 and -022, N=72) were explored. Methods: Ipilimumab 10 mg/kg was given every 3 weeks (Q3W) × 4 (induction); eligible pts could continue to receive ipilimumab Q12W starting at week (Wk) 24 (maintenance). Response was based on modified World Health Organization criteria. Each variable was analyzed separately. Results: Disease control rate (complete/partial response [CR/PR] and stable disease) seems not to be associated with age (<65 yrs: 25.2%; ≥65 yrs: 32.9%), gender (male: 22.6%; female: 34.0%), M stage (M0: 33.3%; M1a: 41.0%; M1b: 26.4%; M1c: 23.6%), response to prior systemic therapy (yes: 32.5%; no: 26.7%), prior immunotherapy (yes: 21.6%; no: 35.3%), LDH >upper normal limit (UNL) (yes: 25.9%; no: 29.7%), or LDH >2×UNL (yes: 15.9%; no: 30.6%). Best overall response rate (CR or PR) was not associated with age (<65 yrs: 7.3%; ≥65 yrs: 7.9%), gender (male: 4.0%; female: 11.7%), M stage (M0: 8.3%; M1a: 15.4%; M1b: 5.7%; M1c: 5.7%), response to prior systemic therapy (yes: 12.5%; no: 6.4%), prior immunotherapy (yes: 3.2%; no: 12.7%), LDH >UNL (yes: 8.6%; no: 6.3%), or LDH >2×UNL (yes: 4.5%; no: 8.2%). Overall survival was not associated with age (median OS: <65 yrs: 11.6 mo; ≥65 yrs: 7.59 mo), M stage (median OS: M0: 21.9 mo; M1a: 15.7 mo; M1b: 15.4 mo; M1c: 6.6 mo), or response to prior systemic therapy (median OS: yes: 11.6 mo; no: 10.7 mo). Conclusions: Ipilimumab demonstrates clinical activity independent of negative prognostic factors, and may even benefit those pts with the worst prognosis. [Table: see text]

ABSTRACT Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of patients with abnormal liver function tests of unknown origin who are anti-HCV and serum HCV RNA negative but who have HCV RNA in the liver has been described. As HCV replicates in the liver cells of these patients, it could be that the amount of circulating viral particles is under the detection limit of the most sensitive techniques. To prove this hypothesis, serum samples from 106 patients with occult HCV infection were analyzed. Two milliliters of serum was ultracentrifuged over a 10% sucrose cushion for 17 h at 100,000 × g av, where av means average, and HCV RNA detection was performed by strand-specific real-time PCR. Out of the 106 patients, 62 (58.5%) had detectable serum HCV RNA levels after ultracentrifugation, with a median load of 70.5 copies/ml (range, 18 to 192). Iodixanol density gradient studies revealed that HCV RNA was positive at densities of 1.03 to 1.04 and from 1.08 to 1.19 g/ml, which were very similar to those found in the sera of patients with classical chronic HCV infection. Antigenomic HCV RNA was found in the livers of 56 of 62 (90.3%) patients with detectable serum HCV RNA levels after ultracentrifugation, compared to 27 of 44 (61.4%) negative patients (P < 0.001). No differences in the median loads of antigenomic HCV RNA between patients with an those without serum HCV RNA (4.5 × 104 [range, 7.9 × 102 to 1.0 × 106] versus 2.3 × 104 [range, 4.0 × 102 to 2.2 × 105]) were found. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels, liver necroinflammatory activity, and fibrosis did not differ between both groups. In conclusion, HCV RNA can be detected in the sera of patients with occult HCV infection after circulating viral particles are concentrated by ultracentrifugation.

<p><em>UMKM Keripik Tahfidz Qur’an Yayasan Al Amaliah merupakan mitra Desa Binaan Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia (UAI). UMKM ini dikategorikan sebagai UMKM masyarakat yang belum produktif secara ekonomis, tetapi berhasrat kuat menjadi wirausahawan. UMKM ini beranggotakan 9 orang dari ibu-ibu pengajian. Keripik yang diproduksi oleh mitra UMKM ini, diberi nama dagang berturut-turut keripik CIKIKONG (Cikidang singkong), CIKILED (Cikidang boled, ubi) dan CIKISANG pisang (Cikidang pisang). Bahan dasar keripik Cikidang memiliki citra rasa yang khas sehingga menjadi peluang besar bagi mitra UMKM ini untuk memperbesar unit usaha keripik agar bisa menembus pasaran lokal sebagai oleh-oleh khas Sukabumi yang berasal dari Desa Cikidang Sukabumi. Melalui Dana Desa Binaan UAI 2020 telah dilakukan pelaksanaan abdimas dengan pemberian seperangkat unit mesin produksi teknologi tepat guna (TTG) hasil rekayasa Perguruan Tinggi tim pelaksana abdimas. Kegiatan difokuskan pada edukasi (pelatihan) dan sosialisasi terutama pada penanganan mesin produksi, manajemen produksi, perawatan-perbaikan mesin produksi, dan keselamatan kerja.H</em><em>asil kegiatan diperoleh berturut-turut perajangan bahan singkong dan ubi menggunakan mesin rajang otomatis diputar pada kecepatan 800-900 rotate per minute (rpm), perajangan bahan pisang dengan mesin manual pada kecepatan 200-300 rpm. Penggunaan ketel penggorengan deep frying 6 liter minyak, untuk mempertahankan rasa, warna dan aroma, maka bahan singkong, ubi dan pisang harus digoreng pada suhu berturut-turut 120</em><em>o</em><em>C, 120</em><em>o</em><em>C, dan 100</em><em>o</em><em>C, dengan lama waktu berturut-turut 5 menit, 4 menit, dan 7 menit. Hasil edukasi penggunaan mesin spinner (peniris) akan optimal apabila hasil gorengan keripik singkong, ubi dan pisang ditempatkan pada kecepatan putaran spiner berturut-turut 600 rpm, 400 rpm, dan 700 rpm dengan lama waktu berturut-turut 3 menit, 3 menit, dan 4 menit. Penggunaan mesin sealer plastik kemasan akan optimal pada suhu 270</em><em>o</em><em>C untuk semua jenis plastik pouch. Ditunjukan indikator keberhasilan penerapan TTG pada UMKM, terjadi kenaikan kuantitas produk keripik singkong, ubi dan pisang berturut-turut sebesar 52.8 %, 38.2 % dan 33.3 %, diperlihatkan juga terjadi kenaikan kualitas produk berturut-turut sebesar 77.3 %, 90,3 % dan 86.7 %.</em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci<em>: </em></strong><em>Teknologi Tepat Guna Produk Keripik</em></p>

This work deals with the wafer-level integration of advanced group III-V devices and integrated circuits on silicon substrate for RF-sensor integration, such as radar functions a very high frequencies beyond 300 GHz [1]. The aim is to achieve both performance improvements on device level, co-integration with digital functions, and advanced integration to achieve a greener usage of material critical to the environment. Submillimeter-Wave frequency bands beyond 300 GHz allow for broadband transmit and receive windows, serviceable to both communications and radar-based applications—increasing data rates and imaging resolutions, respectively. On the other hand, CMOS co-integration is called for by the data acquisition- and other mixed-mode- and fast digital functions. As examples of the integration schemes Terahertz Monolithic Integrated Circuit amplifiers (TMICs) are implemented in an advanced transferred-substrate InGaAs-channel HEMT technology with 20-nm gate length on silicon. The inverted III-V HEMT heterostructure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on 100-mm semi-isolating GaAs wafers and transferred to silicon substrates by using a SiO2-based wafer bond process with subsequent wafer thinning and removal of the GaAs substrate. Thus, only a 100-nm-thick III-V heterostructure layer is remaining on the Si substrate. This advanced transferred-substrate technology also offers the implementation of HEMT devices with backside gate [2,3] to achieve better sub-threshold slope, or field plates to increase both channel confinement and higher breakdown voltages. The 20-nm InGaAs-OI HEMT technology features typical values for the OFF-state breakdown voltage of 5 V and and maximum drain-current density of 1200 mA/mm, respectively. A maximum transconductance of 2400 mS/mm is achieved. The expected cutoff frequency values fT and fmax are above 500 GHz and 1 THz, respectively [4]. A fully passivated back-end-of-line (BEOL) process is used, including three metal layers (MET1–MET3). A NiCr 50 Ohm sq thin-film-resistor layer, as well as an SiN layer for the implementation of MIM capacitors between MET2 andMET3. S-parameter characteristics of a six-stage and nine-stage TMIC amplifiers in the frequency band from 620 to 730 GHz are given as examples. During the on-wafer characterization, the HEMT devices in cascode configuration have been biased at VD= 2 V (1 V drain–source voltage per device) and a current of 350 mA/mm. The measured small-signal gain of the six-stage cascode TMIC amplifier is in the range of 22–25 dB over the frequency range from 670 to above 700 GHz. This corresponds to 4 dB of gain per cascode stage around the 670-GHz frequency range. A nine-stage TMIC amplifier, on the other hand, achieves at least 30 dB of measured gain from 660 to about 700 GHz. This again corresponds to a gain per stage below 4 dB. Such results prove both the advancements in integration as well as state-of-the-art circuit performance co-integrated on silicon. References: [1] B. Gashi et al., "Broadband 400 GHz On-Chip Antenna With a Metastructured Ground Plane and Dielectric Resonator," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 9025-9038, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3177527. [2] A. Tessmann et al., "20-nm In0.8Ga0.2As MOSHEMT MMIC Technology on Silicon," in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 2411-2418, Sept. 2019, doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2915161. [3] A. Leuther et al., "InGaAs HEMT MMIC Technology on Silicon Substrate with Backside Field-Plate," 2020 50th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2021, pp. 187-190, doi: 10.23919/EuMC48046.2021.9337957. [4] L. John, et al., "High-Gain 670-GHz Amplifier Circuits in InGaAs-on-Insulator HEMT Technology," in IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 728-731, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2022.3160093.

Abstract Background: Medical financial hardship, encompassing material, behavioral, and psychologic domains, is becoming an increasingly common consequence of illness in cancer patients. Identifying at-risk patients is the first step to develop proactive approaches to mitigate this problem. To try and address this need, Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry (MCBDR) is prospectively collecting data about financial concerns in addition to the usual sociodemographic and clinical information. Methods: We used data from Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry, a prospective cohort of consenting patients seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester within one year of initial breast cancer diagnosis. Participants completed baseline and annual follow-up surveys rating their financial concerns on a linear analogue scale from 0 (“none”) to 10 (“constant concerns”). We compared patient-reported financial concern at baseline to that on each patient’s most recent survey, with worsening concerns defined as a 1+-point increase. Logistic regression evaluated for predictors of worsening financial concerns. Results: 1,957 participants responded to financial concern questions on a baseline and at least one follow-up survey between 2015 and 2020. Mean age was 58.5 years (SD 12.5), and mean time between diagnosis and the most recent follow-up was 25.6 months (SD 16.2). 357 (18.2%) reported worsening financial concerns. Only lower baseline financial status was associated with a greater likelihood of worsening financial concerns (see Table). Conclusions: More than one in seven breast cancer survivors develop worsening financial concerns within 5-years of diagnosis, and those with less financial security at baseline appear to be most vulnerable. Funding: Breast Cancer Research Foundation (CLL) and NR015259 (KJR). Patient and tumor characteristics, compared by whether financial status worsened over time Full Cohort (n=1957) Worsening, ≥ 1-point change (n=357) Stable/Improved (n=1600) p value Full Cohort (n=1957) Worsening, ≥ 1-point change (n=357) Stable/Improved (n=1600) p value Age at diagnosis II or III 502 (25.7%) 98 (27.5%) 404 (25.3%) 0.239 ≤ 50 546 (27.9%) 105 (29.4%) 441 (27.6%) IV 67 (3.4%) 17 (4.8%) 50 (3.1%) 0.086 51-64 757 (38.7%) 136 (38.1%) 621 (38.8%) 0.562 Unknown 351 (17.9%) 65 (18.2%) 286 (17.9%) 0.536 ≥65 654 (33.4%) 116 (32.5%) 538 (33.6%) 0.506 ER and/or PR positive Race No/Unknown 482 (24.6%) 92 (25.8%) 390 (24.4%) White 1863 (95.2%) 337 (94.4%) 1526 (95.4%) Yes 1475 (75.4%) 265 (74.2%) 1210 (75.6%) 0.580 Non-white 24 (1.2%) 5 (1.4%) 19 (1.2%) 0.729 Her2 positive Other/Unknown/Choose not to respond 70 (3.6%) 15 (4.2%) 55 (3.4%) 0.478 No/Unknown 1746 (89.2%) 314 (88.0%) 1432 (89.5%) Educational status Yes 176 (9.0%) 37 (10.4%) 139 (8.7%) 0.321 Less than bachelor’s degree 880 (45.0%) 168 (47.1%) 712 (44.5%) Borderline 35 (1.8%) 6 (1.7%) 29 (1.8%) 0.898 Bachelor's degree or higher 1065 (54.4%) 187 (52.4%) 878 (54.9%) 0.384 Radiation Unknown 12 (0.6%) 2 (0.6%) 10 (0.6%) 0.832 No/Unknown 781 (39.9%) 140 (39.2%) 641 (40.1%) Financial status near time of diagnosis Yes 1176 (60.1%) 217 (60.8%) 959 (59.9%) 0.768 Pay bills, money for special things 1412 (72.2%) 244 (68.3%) 1168 (73.0%) Chemotherapy/targeted therapy Pay bills, no money for special things 367 (18.8%) 80 (22.4%) 287 (17.9%) 0.046 No/Unknown 1264 (64.6%) 221 (61.9%) 1043 (65.2%) Pay bills by making cuts 102 (5.2%) 19 (5.3%) 83 (5.2%) 0.729 Yes 693 (35.4%) 136 (38.1%) 557 (34.8%) 0.241 Unable to pay bills 56 (2.9%) 10 (2.8%) 46 (2.9%) 0.911 Hormone/endocrine therapy Unknown 20 (1.0%) 4 (1.1%) 16 (1.0%) 0.750 No/Unknown 710 (36.3%) 141 (39.5%) 569 (35.6%) Employment status at time of diagnosis Yes 1247 (63.7%) 216 (60.5%) 1031 (64.4%) 0.163 Employed full-time 462 (23.6%) 83 (23.2%) 379 (23.7%) Surgery type Employed part-time/unemployed/retired 525 (26.8%) 92 (25.8%) 433 (27.1%) 0.856 Lumpectomy 846 (43.2%) 145 (40.6%) 701 (43.8%) Not available 970 (49.6%) 182 (51.0%) 788 (49.3%) 0.716 Mastectomy 903 (46.1%) 165 (46.2%) 738 (46.1%) 0.535 Stage at time of diagnosis None/Unknown 208 (10.6%) 47 (13.2%) 161 (10.1%) 0.069 0 or I 1037 (53.0%) 177 (49.6%) 860 (53.8%) Citation Format: Michael H. Storandt, Urshila Durani, Daniela Stan, Nicole Larson, Charles Loprinzi, Fergus Couch, Janet E. Olson, Nandita Khera, Kathryn J. Ruddy. Financial hardship in breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1012.

The present study investigated the effects of the estrus cycle stage and serum supplementation on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Ovaries were collected from a private clinic after ovariohysterectomy and classified into follicular, luteal, or anestrus stages through a combination of ovarian morphology and vaginal cytology. A total of 2214 oocytes from 196 ovaries (903 oocytes from 96 anestrus ovaries, 609 oocytes from 36 follicular ovaries, and 702 oocytes from 64 luteal ovaries) were used for experiments. The oocyte retrieval per ovary was 10, 19, and 12 for anestrus, follicular and luteal-phase ovaries, respectively. In Exp. 1, immature oocytes were cultured for 72 h in TCM-199 alone or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% canine anestrus (CAS), estrus (CES), or diestrus (CDS) serum or fetal bovine serum (FBS). In Exp. 2, immature oocytes were cultured for 72 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 0, 5, 10, or 20% CES. After staining with Hoechst 33342, chromatin state and position as well as spindle formation were evaluated to determine the stage of meiosis: germinal vesicle (GV) stage, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (MI) stage, metaphase II (MII) stage. The experiments with anestrus and luteal-phase oocytes were repeated eight times and follicular-phase oocytes were repeated six times. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and protected least significant difference (LSD) test to determine differences among experimental groups by using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) program. Statistical significance was determined where P value was less than 0.05. In Exp. 1, the in vitro maturation of oocytes up to MII stage was higher when oocytes were collected from ovaries in follicular phase. The maturation rate up to MII stage was 0.0 to 1.7%, 1.3 to 10.2%, and 1.0 to 3.2% for the oocytes collected from the anestrus, follicular, and luteal-phase ovaries, respectively, depending on the culture media used. In basic TCM media only, 0.0, 1.3, and 2.3% oocytes reached the MII stage for anestrus, follicular, and luteal-phase oocytes, respectively. A significantly higher rate of maturation was obtained when oocytes collected from follicular phase were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% CES (10.2%), compared to 10% CAS (4.0%), CDS (2.7%), FBS (1.3%), or the control (1.3%). In Exp. 2, supplementing with 10% CES induced the highest (P < 0.05) maturation rate to the MII stage in oocytes collected from follicular-stage ovaries (11.5%) compared to supplementing with 0% (1.0%), 5% (1.3%), or 20% CES (5.1%). Supplementing with CES (5, 10, or 20%) did not have a significant effect on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes collected from anestrus or luteal-stage ovaries. In conclusion, supplementing in vitro maturation medium with 10% CES increased nuclear maturation of canine oocytes, and canine oocytes collected from follicular-stage ovaries are the most suitable to complete nuclear maturation in vitro. This study was supported by grants from the Biogreen 21-1000520030100000.

Abstract Background: Patients receiving chemotherapy (CHT) for cancer are at increased risk for thromboembolic events but clinical trials are required before any recommendations can be made about the use of antithrombotic prophylaxis in these patients. Patients and methods: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, clinical outcome-based study (PROTECHT) was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin nadroparin for prophylaxis of thromboembolic events in cancer patients receiving CHT. Patients with metastatic or locally advanced lung, breast, gastrointestinal (stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas), ovary or head and neck cancer with an ECOG performance status ≤2 were included in the study. Patients on adjuvant or neo-adjuvant CHT were excluded from the study. Eligible patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous injections of nadroparin, 3,800 anti-Xa IU once daily, or placebo. Treatment was started on the day of initiation of CHT (the first cycle or a new course) and planned for the overall duration of CHT or up to a maximum of 4 months. The primary study end-point was the composite of clinically overt venous or arterial thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis of the lower and upper limbs, visceral and cerebral venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute peripheral arterial thromboembolism, unexplained death of possible thromboembolic origin). Major bleeding was the main safety outcome measure. All study outcome events were evaluated by an independent Adjudication Committee unaware of treatment allocation. The results of one interim analysis of efficacy and two interim analyses of safety were reviewed by an independent Data and Safety Board. In the primary efficacy analysis the p value was adjusted for the interim analysis of efficacy. Results: The two treatment study groups were well balanced for demographic characteristics, cancer site and staging, CHT regimen and thromboembolic risk factors. The average study treatment duration was 90.3±41.2 and 93.9±39.8 days in the nadroparin and placebo groups, respectively. Overall, 1166 patients were randomized and 1150 received at least one dose of the study treatment (primary efficacy analysis and safety population). Cancer distribution was as follows: lung 279 patients (24.3%), colon 235 (20.4%), breast 165 (14.3%), ovary 143 (12.4%), stomach 98 (8.5%), rectum 87 (7.6%), pancreas 53 (4.6%), head and neck 36 (3.1%) and other 54 (4.7%). Sixteen of the 769 patients treated with nadroparin (2.1%) and 15 of the 381 patients treated with placebo (3.9%) had a thromboembolic event (interim-adjusted p value = 0.033, relative risk reduction 47.2%, NNT = 53.8). Venous thromboembolism accounted for 11 events in both the nadroparin and placebo patients. Fifteen of the thromboembolic events occurred in patients with lung cancer (4.0% and 8.8% in nadroparin and placebo patients, respectively; NNT = 22.7). Pancreatic cancer was associated with an overall rate of thromboembolic events of 7.5%. Five patients in the nadroparin group (0.7%) and none in the placebo group suffered a major bleeding (p= 0.177, NNH = 153.8). The incidence of minor bleeding was similar in the two treatment groups: 77 events in 57 patients (7.4%) and 38 events in 30 patients (7.9%) for nadroparin or placebo respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that nadroparin reduces the incidence of thromboembolic events in cancer patients receiving CHT. Future confirmatory studies should be focused on patients at high thromboembolic risk such as those with lung and pancreatic cancer.

Objective: evaluate the incidence of diphtheria in Russia from the beginning of mass immunization of children to date and analysis of long-term studies of coverage of vaccination and the state of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity of the population. Materials and methods. Presents the incidence of diphtheria in 1955 - 2016 and analysis of the condition of antidiphtheria antitoxic immunity of the population of Russia (2010 - 2016) according to seromonitoring of the 83 subjects of the Russian Federation. We examined 367 031 people, of which 65 557 children, 74 033 teenagers and 277 441 adults and examined 13 785 control of blood serum of indicator groups of 52 subjects of the Russian Federation (2 888 children, teenagers and adults 1 639 - 9 258 people) to assess the uality of seromonitoring in the subjects of the Russian Federation and the data associated with the level of previtali of the population. The level of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity was determined using the reaction of passive hemagglutination antigen of the antigenic. The immunity level was evaluated by the content of medium and high titers of antibodies in serum. The aggregation of data in the work were used the methods of parametric statistics. Results and discussion. Before 1959, in Russia the incidence of iphtheria was very high - 68 0 - 93 0 per 100 thousand population Mass immunization of children was carried out only since 1959 (decree No. 323 «On the elimination of the incidence of diphtheria in the USSR», approved by the USSR health Ministry, 1959 June 23). After the introduction of the Order of the mass immunization of children since 1959, the incidence began to decline sharply - annually by 30 - 40%. In 1968, the incidence rate was 0.89 and in 1975 - 0.03. Total sick 51. However, from 1980 to 1985 marked rise in the incidence (0.2 - 0.9) were mostly ill adults, and since 1990 began a new expansion of morbidity. In 1994, the incidence rate was equal to 26.8 per 100 thousand population. Was 39 703 cases, died 1 104 people, of whom 254 of the child. according to the Ministry of health report the reason for the rise - sereznye deficiencies in the organization and conduct of immunization. After the mass immunization of the entire population in 1993 - 1995 the incidence began to decline after the 2nd booster vaccination in adults (2005) incidence rates were at the level of hundredths per 100 thousand population - 0.06 - -0.01 and in 2011 at the evel of thousandths - 0.006 - 0.001. Since 2009 was not registered fatal cases. The level of immunization of the population of the Russian Federation from 2005 - 2016. was consistently high in children, 96.6 - 97.1% among adolescents of 96.8 - 99.6% in adults in total and by age groups, consistent with the requirements of the who - 97.7 - 98.3%. Information on high levels of vaccination coverage are confirmed by the results of serological monitoring and data control studies of serum. In 2010 - 2015 in children antibody on the protective level was identified 95.2± 0.2% 97.0 ± 0.15% serum in high tension immunity (77.1 ± 0.37% 88.5 ± 0.3%); among teenagers - 97.6 ± 0.13% 98.2 ± 0.12% and 88.1 ± 0.26% - 91.0 ± 0.26%; in adults 91.1 ± 0.17% - 94.5 ± 0.19% and 74.1 ± 0.26% - 84.0 ± 0.18% respectively. By age group adults in Russia on average the condition of antidiphtheria immunity in all years was high at 96.6 ± 0.37% - 97.5% ± 0.17% and somewhat lower in older age groups - 88.0 ± 0.48% - 90.3 ± 0.43% (50 - 59, 60 years old and >). Data control studies of blood serum of children, teenagers and adults: 90.7 ± 0.89% 99.5 ± 0.5%; 92.2 ± 0.6% - 100% и 87.1 ± 1.03% 95.6 ± 0 . 64% respectively. Conclusion: long-time study of the condition of antidiphtheria immunity of the population and control studies of serum of indicator groups, allowed to estimate objectively high level of specific protection of the population against diphtheria. This has contributed to stabilizing the incidence at a sporadic level, with sporadic cases; no deaths and will continue to provide a favorable prognosis for diphtheria in the country

Topicality: Hypotonic functional dysphonia, especially a chronic disease (CHFD), is the most common nosology among all functional voice disorders. It is often accompanied by various complications and characterized by a very severe disease course, deteriorating significantly the voice function and general state of health of patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 123 patients with chronic hypotonic functional dysphonia were examined and divided into 4 groups depending on the violation degree in the vocal apparatus. The 1st group included 25 patients with mild disorders in the vocal apparatus, the 2nd group included 33 patients having more severe laryngeal mobility disorders, the 3rd group comprised 34 patients with a complicated disease course (prenodulus state, vocal cords nodules, Mediale Edge thinning), and the 4th group was consisted of 31 patients having such complications as vocal cords nodules, prenodulus state and the larynx vestibular hypertonicity of various degree. Results and Discussion: The complaints of severe hoarseness were reported in 44.0% of cases in Group 1, in 48.5% of cases of Group 2, in 64.7% of cases in Group 3, whereas in Group 4 the severe hoarseness was present in 77.4% of cases. Periodic voice loss was found in 32.0% of Group 1patients, among 42.4% of the patients from Group 2, among 52.9% of the patients from Group 3, and in 67.7% of cases it was reported in Group 4. In the first group, 56.0% of the patients described their complaints in various ways including unpleasant sensations in the larynx, irritation, dryness and a “ball” in the throat, 60.6% of the patients from the second group complained of the same symptoms, 70.6% of the patients from the third one, as well as 74.2% from the fourth group, respectively. Recurrent pain in the larynx, mainly caused by voice loading, was found in 24.0% of Group 1patients, in 30.3% of Group 2 patients, in 41.2% of Group 3 patients and 51.6%of the patients from Group 4. Thus, the severity of these symptoms was increasing simultaneously with deteriorating the vocal apparatus. The 72.0% of Group 1patients, 60.6% of Group 2 patients, 70.6% of Group 3 patients, and 90.3% of Group 4 patients complained of voice fatigue. In the first group, 40.0% of patients complained of intermittent coughing due to voice loading or to the desire “to talk” in the morning, as well as 39.4% of patients from the second group reported the same symptoms, and 44.1% of patients from the third group and 54, 8% from the fourth one, respectively. The neck muscle tension during phonation was experienced by 16% of patients from the first group, 36.4%- from the second group, 52.9%- from the third group and 70.9% of the patients from the fourth one. Therefore, the patients with the larynx vestibular hypertonicity reported they had the most severe sensations. Regarding the complaints of general state of health, the patients of Group 1 complained mostly of headache (52.0%), heaviness in the head (44.0%), irritability and high emotionality (56%). The patients of Group 2 had the most complaints of headache (57.6%), sleep disorders (48.5%), irritability and high emotionality (57.6%). The patients of Group 3 suffered from headache in 67.6% of the cases, from heaviness in the head in 58.8% of the cases, from sleep disorders in 58.8% of the cases, irritability and high emotionality in 70.6% of the cases. And the vast majority of patients from Group 4 complained of headache (77.4%), heaviness in the head (67.7%), sleep disorders (74.2%), irritability and high emotionality (87.1%), meteorological dependence (67.7%). So, the complaints of general state of health, especially with regard to headache, sleep disorders, irritability, high emotionality and meteorological dependence were mostly reported in the patients with HFD having a complicated disease course (Groups 3 and 4). This suggests that the central nervous and cardiovascular systems condition should be taken into account when treating patients with complicated HFD and severe voice disorders. Thus, the data on the examined groups of patients with CHFD show a tendency to an increase in the number of patients’ local health complaints and, especially, general health complaints starting from the first to the fourth group. The patients’ local health complaints include those of severe hoarseness, neck muscle tension, laryngeal pain during phonation and viscous sputum in the vocal cords, and periodic voice loss. Regarding to general health complaints, such as headache, sleep disorders, irritability and meteorological dependence; we can also observe the dynamics of growth in health complaints from the first to the fourth group. The obtained data will contribute to improving the quality of diagnosis in case of functional voice disorders, and can also be used in solving issues related to professional suitability of people of voice profession and medical-labour expert commission. Conclusions: 1. The patients with CHFD in all study groups mostly had such common local health complaints as severe hoarseness, voice fatigue and discomfort (irritation, dryness, viscous sputum, muscle tension) of the vocal apparatus, and also, headache, sleep disorders and irritability as the general state of health is concerned. 2. The frequency and severity of almost all studied health complaints, both general and local, increased from Group 1 (mild CHFD) to Group 4 (complicated severe CHFD) of patients with voice disorders, but, especially, in regard of such local health complaints as severe hoarseness, voice fatigue, neck muscle tension during phonation, sensation of irritation and laryngeal pain and such general health complaints as headache, sleep disorders, meteorological dependence and irritability. 3. The significant number of complaints increases (headache, heaviness in the head, irritability, sleep disorders, meteorological dependence and others) simultaneously with the deterioration of the vocal apparatus, which may indicate a violation of the central nervous system and cerebral circulation in patients with severe disorders of the voice function.

Background Social media is an effective channel for the advancement of women physicians; however, its use by women in cardiology has not been systematically studied. Our study seeks to characterize the current Women in Cardiology Twitter network. Methods and Results Six women‐specific cardiology Twitter hashtags were analyzed: #ACCWIC (American College of Cardiology Women in Cardiology), #AHAWIC (American Heart Association Women in Cardiology), #ilooklikeacardiologist, #SCAIWIN (Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Women in Innovations), #WomeninCardiology, and #WomeninEP (Women in Electrophysiology). Twitter data from 2016 to 2019 were obtained from Symplur Signals. Quantitative and descriptive content analyses were performed. The Women in Cardiology Twitter network generated 48 236 tweets, 266 180 903 impressions, and 12 485 users. Tweets increased by 706% (from 2083 to 16 780), impressions by 207% (from 26 755 476 to 82 080 472), and users by 440% (from 796 to 4300), including a 471% user increase internationally. The network generated 6530 (13%) original tweets and 43 103 (86%) amplification tweets. Most original and amplification tweets were authored by women (81% and 62%, respectively) and women physicians (76% and 52%, respectively), with an increase in original and amplification tweets authored by academic women physicians (98% and 109%, respectively) and trainees (390% and 249%, respectively) over time. Community building, professional development, and gender advocacy were the most common tweet contents over the study period. Community building was the most common tweet category for #ACCWIC, #AHAWIC, #ilooklikeacardiologist, #SCAIWIN, and #WomeninCardiology, whereas professional development was most common for #WomeninEP. Conclusions The Women in Cardiology Twitter network has grown immensely from 2016 to 2019, with women physicians as the driving contributors. This network has become an important channel for community building, professional development, and gender advocacy discussions in an effort to advance women in cardiology.

Abstract Background Invasive meningococcal disease clusters occur among university students and may reflect higher carriage prevalence among this population. We aimed to measure meningococcal carriage prevalence, acquisition, and risk factors among first-year university students in South Africa. Methods In summer–autumn 2017, after consenting to participate, we collected oropharyngeal swabs and questionnaires on carriage risk factors and tested students for HIV at 2 universities, during registration week (survey 1) and 6–8 weeks later (survey 2). Meningococci were detected by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Results We enrolled 2120 students at registration. Mean age was 18.5 years, 59% (1252/2120) were female and 0.8% (16/1984) had HIV. Seventy-eight percent of students returned for survey 2 (1655/2120). Among the cohort, carriage prevalence was 4.7% (77/1655) at registration, increasing to 7.9% (130/1655) at survey 2: 5.0% (83) acquired new carriage, 2.8% (47) had persistent carriage, 1.8% (30) cleared the initial carriage, and 90.3% (1495) remained carriage free. At both surveys, nongenogroupable meningococci predominated, followed by genogroups Y, B, W, and C. On multinomial analysis, risk factors for carriage acquisition included attending nightclubs (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.0), having intimate kissing partners (aRRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9) and HIV (aRRR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.1–24.4). Conclusions Meningococcal carriage among first-year university students increased after 2 months. Sociobehavioral risk factors were associated with increased carriage for all analyses. HIV was associated with carriage acquisition. Until vaccination programs become mandatory in South African universities, data suggest that students with HIV could benefit most from meningococcal vaccination.

AbstractIt is very important to treat adenomyosis which may cause infertility, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea for women at the reproductive age. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is effective in destroying target tumor tissues without damaging the path of the ultrasound beam and surrounding normal tissues. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LN-IUS) is a medical system which is inserted into the uterine to provide medicinal treatment for temporary control of the symptoms caused by adenomyosis. This study was to investigate the effect of HIFU combined with the LN-IUS on adenomyosis. In the HIFU treatment, the parameters of the ultrasound were transmission frequency 0.8 MHz and input power 50–400 W (350 ± 30), and the temperature in the target tissue under these conditions would reach 60–100 °C (85 °C ± 6.3 °C). Size reduction and blood flow signal decrease were used to assess the effect of combined treatment. In this study, 131 patients with adenomyosis treated with HIFU combined with LN-IUS were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and follow-up data were analyzed. After treatment, the volume of the uterine lesion was significantly decreased with an effective rate of 72.1%, and the adenomyosis blood flow signals were significantly reduced, with an effective rate of 71.3%. At six months, the menstrual cycle was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 31.4 ± 3.5 days before treatment to 28.6 ± 1.9 days, the menstrual period was significantly shortened from 7.9 ± 1.2 days before HIFU to 6.5 ± 1.3 days, and the menstrual volume was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 100 to 49% ± 13%. The serum hemoglobin significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 90.8 ± 6.2 g/L before treatment to 121.6 ± 10.8 g/L at six months for patients with anemia. Among seventy-two (92.3%) patients who finished the six-month follow-up, sixty-five (90.3%) patients had the dysmenorrhea completely relieved, and the other seven (9.7%) patients had only slight dysmenorrhea which did not affect their daily life. Adverse events occurred in 24 (18.3%) patients without causing severe consequences, including skin burns in two (1.5%) patients, skin swelling in four (3.1%), mild lower abdominal pain and low fever in 15 (11.5%), and subcutaneous induration in three (2.3%). Six months after treatment, no other serious side effects occurred in any patients with follow-up. In conclusions, the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of adenomyosis is safe and effective even though the long-term effect remains to be confirmed.

Abstract Study question Does oocyte vitrification affect euploid blastocyst rate (EBR) per cohort of inseminated oocytes and/or clinical outcomes per euploid blastocyst transfer? Summary answer Vitrified-warmed oocytes are subject to ≈90% cryo-survival and lower blastulation rates than fresh cohorts, but similar euploidy and clinical outcomes per euploid blastocyst transfer. What is known already Cryopreservation was a game-changer in IVF. It is an essential step of the IVF journey with a plethora of clinical (e.g., reduction of OHSS while fully-exploiting the ovarian reserve, implementation of chromosomal/genetic testing, cumulative perspective in defining IVF success), logistic (e.g., higher flexibility), and social (e.g., fertility preservation) advantages. Vitrification represents the gold-standard protocol. Studies in sibling oocytes showed that vitrification may slightly reduce blastocyst development without impact on embryo chromosomal constitution. Here we aimed at measuring the impact (if any) of oocyte vitrification on EBR per cohort of inseminated oocytes and clinical outcomes per euploid blastocyst transfer. Study design, size, duration We gathered a dataset of first PGT-A cycles with vitrified-warmed (N = 54) or fresh (N = 3916) inseminated MII-oocytes (April-2013 to July-2022). Patients were matched 1:1 for maternal age at retrieval (37.2 ± 3.4 versus 37.1 ± 3.4 years) and MII-oocytes used (8.7 ± 4.1 versus 9.0 ± 5.1) through propensity-score-matching resulting in 49 cycles per arm. The primary outcome was EBR per cohort of inseminated MII-oocytes. The secondary outcomes were all embryological and clinical outcomes, including cumulative-live-birth-rate (CLBR) per concluded warming/fresh cycle. Participants/materials, setting, methods ICSI of all (cryo-survived) MII-oocytes, trophectoderm biopsy without day3 zona-drilling, and comprehensive-chromosome-testing to assess full-chromosome non-mosaic aneuploidies were performed. Cryopreservation was performed via vitrification. Only euploid blastocyst transfers were conducted. The groups were comparable also for BMI and sperm factor. The reasons for oocyte vitrification were supernumerary oocytes (N = 22, 45%; days between vitrification and warming: 573.7 ± 503.9), postponement of sperm collection (N = 7, 14%; 69.3 ± 113.4 days) and fertility preservation (N = 20, 41%; 1160 ± 779.7 days). Main results and the role of chance 8.7 ± 4.1 oocytes were warmed and 7.9 ± 3.7 survived (survival rate: 90.3 ± 14.7%). The zygotes were 5.4 ± 2.9 and 6.5 ± 4.0 in the vitrified-warmed and fresh groups, respectively (p = 0.2; fertilization-rates: 69.7 ± 22.3% versus 73.6 ± 18.4%, p = 0.5). The blastocysts were 2.1 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 1.9 (p = 0.01; blastulation-rates per zygotes: 34.9 ± 26.2% versus 49.4 ± 26.7%, p = 0.02). The euploid blastocysts were 1 ± 1.2 and 1.4 ± 1.6 (p = 0.2; euploidy-rates per biopsied blastocysts: 49.7 ± 34.3% versus 45.7 ± 36.3%, p = 0.5). The EBR per inseminated oocytes were 12.7 ± 13.3% and 17.5 ± 18.1% (p = 0.3). AA-blastocyst rates were also similar (N = 48/101, 47.5% versus N = 77/149, 51.7%, p = 0.6), while the day5-blastocysts rate was lower among vitrified-warmed cohorts (N = 12/101, 11.9% versus N = 51/149, 34.2%, P &lt; 0.01). Nonetheless, the clinical outcomes per euploid transfer (LBR: N = 15/34, 44.1% versus N = 16/38, 42.1%, p = 0.99; miscarriage-rate per clinical pregnancy: N = 1/16, 6.3% versus N = 4/20, 20%, p = 0.4), gestational age (37.8 ± 1.5 versus 38.4 ± 1.4 weeks, p = 0.32) and birthweight (3471.7 ± 575 versus 3153.8 ± 449.3 g, p = 0.1) were comparable. 85.7% (N = 42/49) and 77.6% (N = 38/49) of the warming/fresh cycles were concluded with similar CLBR: 33.3% (N = 14/42) versus 39.5% (N = 15/38; p = 0.6). Among the 22 cohorts of vitrified-warmed oocytes because supernumerary, the EBR per inseminated oocytes was similar to their sibling fresh cohorts (11.7 ± 13.4% versus 13.8 ± 11.1%; p = 0.6). Also, 68.1% warming cycles were concluded (N = 15/22) eliciting 20% CLBR (N = 3/15), comparable to their sibling fresh cohorts (N = 4/22, 18.2%). Limitations, reasons for caution Retrospective design with limited sample size. About half of the patients in the vitrified-warmed group cryopreserved oocytes because supernumerary. These women were characterized by better ovarian reserve markers and response to ovarian stimulation than controls. Nonetheless, these parameters do not affect our primary outcome. Wider implications of the findings Oocyte vitrification is crucial in IVF. It involves higher flexibility with clinical (full ovarian reserve exploitation, oocyte accumulation), social (fertility preservation), and ethical (cryo-storage of supernumerary oocytes) benefits. Beyond a moderate impact (degeneration after warming, lower blastulation-rates), euploidy-rates and clinical outcomes are not affected by this procedure. Trial registration number not applicable

The variable examines which political topics are prevalent in fictional entertainment. Studies differentiate either between the two categories political and sociopolitical issues (e.g., Eilders & Nitsch, 2015) or they take a closer look at the presented political topics by differentiating between the three thematic dimensions of politics: polity for the institutional and normative infrastructure, policy for particular political issues, and politics for competition and power relations (e.g., Nitsch et al., 2019; Nitsch & Eilders, 2015). Field of application/theoretical foundation The differentiation between the three dimensions of politics goes back to political science and allows insights into which picture of politics is presented in the media. Analyses show that fictional (and non-fictional) media content tends to have a strong focus on the dimension of politics, i.e. movies and TV-series typically concentrate on negotiation processes between the parties and the power struggle between political camps (e.g., Jandura et al., 2016; Nitsch & Eilders, 2015; Nitsch et al., 2019). References/combination with other methods of data collection --- Example study Nitsch & Eilders, 2015 Information on Nitsch & Eilders, 2015 Authors: Cordula Nitsch & Christiane Eilders Research interest: depiction of politics (centrality of politics, topics, actors, political actions) in political dramas of two different countries (US and Germany) Object of analysis: two political dramas (“The West Wing”, US; “Kanzleramt”, Germany) Timeframe of analysis: 2004-2005 Information about variable Variable name/definition: Politische Themen [political topics] Pro Szene können bis zu drei politische Themen codiert werden, nämlich jeweils ein Thema aus den drei Bereichen polity, policy und politics. Eine Codierung von zwei Themen innerhalb eines der Bereiche (z.B. zwei policy Themen) ist NICHT möglich. In einer Szene, in der mehrere Themen durcheinander eingeworfen werden (z. B. eine Gruppe von Menschen redet durcheinander), muss folglich das zentrale Thema bestimmt werden. Lässt sich nicht bestimmen, welches das dominanteste Thema ist, wird das erstgenannte codiert. Politics, policy, polity wird ausschließlich für den eigenen nationalen Kontext codiert. Außenpolitik wird als nationale policy codiert. Justizthemen werden meist im Bereich polity codiert; außer es wird Handlungsbedarf für die Politik artikuliert, dann werden diese Themen als Rechtspolitik bei den policies codiert. [Up to three political topics can be coded per scene, namely one topic each of the three dimensions polity, policy and politics. The coding of two topics within one of the dimensions (e.g. two policy topics) is NOT possible. In a scene where several topics are addressed (e.g. a group of people talking), the central topic must be determined. If it is not possible to determine which is the most dominant topic, the first one is coded. Politics, policy, polity is coded exclusively for its own national context. Foreign policy is coded as a national policy. Justice issues are usually coded in the area of polity; unless the need for political action is articulated, in which case these topics are coded as legal policy in the policies.] Level of analysis: Szenenebene Scale level: Nominal Reliability: .83 (polity .70, policy .96, politics .84) V10 [THEMA-polity] Polity (Strukturen und Institutionen) 0 kein polity Thema angesprochen 101 Bundesrat (USA: Senat) 102 Bundestag (USA: Congress) 103 Parlamente 104 Parteien bzw. Fraktionen (nur, wenn es um die Strukturen geht, aber nicht, wenn nur Parteien oder Fraktionen genannt werden!) 105 Regierung/ Regierungssysteme 106 Andere politische Institutionen 201 Internationale Richtlinien/ Internationale Abkommen und Regelungen 301 Gewaltenteilung 302 Föderalismus 303 Verfassung/-sgrundsätze / Zentrale Verfassungsprinzipien 304 Gesellschaftsordnung 401 Entscheidungsfindung/ Verfahrensordnung (sofern nicht ein Gremium bei den 100er Ausprägungen bezogen: Warum gibt es einen Vermittlungsausschuss? Regeln und Infrastruktur der Entscheidungsfindung  Erklärungen über Abläufe) 402 Politische Kultur: Normen und Sitten (für die Stabilität des politischen Systems, z.B.: Sind Parteispenden Kavaliersdelikte…) 403 Bürokratie/ Verwaltung 501 Gerichte (Judikative) 502 Gesetze und Rechtsnormen/ Grundgesetz 503 Bürgerrechte 504 Menschenrechte 505 Öffentliches Recht (Völkerrecht, Staatsrecht, Sozialrecht usw.) 506 Strafrecht (Strafgesetzbuch) 507 Zivilrecht (Erbrecht, Familienrecht, Schuldrecht usw.) 600 Polity in anderen Ländern 999 Sonstige Strukturen und Institutionen V11 [THEMA-policy] Policy (Politikbereiche) Die Zuordnung einzelner Politikthemen zu den aufgeführten Bereichen ist kontextabhängig. So kann z.B. Drogenpolitik je nach Fokus unter Sozialpolitik, Arbeitspolitik oder Gesundheitspolitik verortet werden). Beim Thema Antisemitismus ist eine Zuordnung unter Diskriminierung möglich (wenn es um Antisemitismus allgemein geht) oder unter innere Sicherheit (wenn es um kriminelle Energie geht) oder unter Rechtspolitik (wenn ein Verfahren wegen antisemitischer Gewalt thematisiert wird). 0 kein policy Thema angesprochen 101 Außenpolitik (diplomatische Beziehungen, Konflikte usw.; Achtung: Hier wird nur das codiert, was nicht unter Verteidigungspolitik fällt; Außenpolitik wird auch codiert, wenn spezifische policies angesprochen werden, wie z. B. die Medienfreiheit in Ungarn oder die Bildungspolitik in Italien) 102 EU-Politik (Institutionen, Erweiterung europäische Integration) 103 Entwicklungspolitik 104 Politik in anderen Ländern (nur, wenn keine Beziehung zu D bzw. USA) 105 Verteidigungspolitik (betrifft „äußere Sicherheit“ wie Bundeswehr, NATO, Abrüstung) 201 Innere Sicherheit (Terrorismus, Verfassungsschutz, Polizei, Links- und Rechtsradikalismus) 301 Bildungs- und Forschungspolitik (Hochschulpolitik, Lehrpläne, Technikentwicklung, ggf. Kindergärten-/Kindergartenknappheit  sind je nach Kontext aber auch als Sozial- oder Familienpolitik denkbar) 302 Kulturpolitik (Film, Theater, Musik) 303 Medienpolitik (Meinungsfreiheit, Inhalte) 401 Sozialpolitik (Achtung: Sozialpolitik wird nur codiert, wenn keine Zuordnung zu detaillierteren Bereichen wie Familien- oder Rentenpolitik möglich ist; ansonsten fallen hierunter z.B. Armut, Reichtum, Sozialabbau, Kinderarmut, Hartz4, Demografischer Wandel, Obdachlosigkeit) 402 Familienpolitik (Familie, Ehe, Scheidung, Erziehung, Kindergärten, Väterrechte) 403 Jugendpolitik 404 Rentenpolitik 501 Gesundheitspolitik 502 Drogenpolitik 503 Lebensmittelpolitik 504 Verbraucherschutzpolitik 601 Umwelt- und Klimapolitik 602 Energiepolitik 603 Agrar- und Forstwirtschaftspolitik 604 Infrastrukturpolitik (Wohnungsbau/Mietrecht/Eigentum, Städtebau, Post- und Fernmeldewesen) 605 Verkehrspolitik (Straßenbau, Schifffahrt, Luftfahrt, Schienenwege) 701 Arbeitspolitik (soziale Sicherung, Recht auf Arbeit, Tarife- und Lohnpolitik, Gewerkschaften, Arbeitsschutz, Arbeitnehmerrechte, Beschäftigungspolitik, Sexismus/sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz, berufstätige Mütter, Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz, Arbeitslosigkeit) Wenn Wirtschafts- und Arbeitspolitik innerhalb einer Szene gleichwertig sind, wird Arbeitspolitik codiert. 702 Wirtschaftspolitik (Unternehmertum, Wirtschaftsförderung) 703 Finanzpolitik (Subventionen, Steuerpolitik, Haushalt, Geld- und Währungspolitik) 801 Rechtspolitik (Gesetzgebung, Grundrechte, Strafrecht, Kriminalität) 901 Migrationspolitik (Einwanderungspolitik, Ausländer- und Flüchtlingsfragen, Integrationsfragen, Migration) 902 Minderheitenpolitik (z.B. Diskriminierung, ethnische Minderheiten, Rassismus, Antisemitismus, religiöse Minderheiten, Homosexuelle, Menschen mit Behinderung) 903 Asyl 999 Sonstige Politikbereiche V12 [THEMA-politics] Politics (Wie wird etwas durchgesetzt? Diskussionen/Kämpfe; auch wenn es nicht um Parteienstreit im engeren Sinne geht, also auch bei außenpolitischen Verhandlungen) 0 kein politics Thema angesprochen 10 Abstimmungen/Entscheidungsverfahren (Darstellungen des Prozesses) 11 Ausschussarbeit 12 Parlamentsarbeit (große/kleine Anfragen, Anhörungen) 13 Gesetzgebungsverfahren 14 Gipfelkonferenzen 15 Untersuchungsausschuss 16 Sonstige politische Auseinandersetzungen 20 Bildung von Interessenskoalitionen 21 Interessenvermittlung/-artikulation/-auswahl/-bündelung/-durchsetzung 22 Kampf um Entscheidungsbefugnis/ Legitimationsbeschaffung durch Verhandlungen 23 Koalitionsverhandlungen 24 Kompromisssuche/Konsensfindung 30 Lobbyismus/ Überzeugungsarbeit von außen 31 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit/ Pressekampagnen/ Instrumentalisierung von Medien 40 Personalentscheidung (Bewerbung um einen Posten, Entlassungen etc.) 41 Postenverteilung 50 Putsch/ Staatsstreich in anderen Ländern 60 Wahlen/Wahlkampf 61 Andere Partizipationsformen (Volksbegehren, Bürgerinitiative) 99 Sonstige Prozesse References Eilders, C., & Nitsch, C. (2015). Politics in Fictional Entertainment: An Empirical Classification of Movies and TV Series. International Journal of Communication, 9, 1563–1587. Jandura, O., Gladitz, P., & Nitsch, C. (2016). Parlamente in non-fiktionalen und fiktionalen Angeboten. Was man in „Berlin direkt“ und „Borgen“ über parlamentarische Abläufe erfährt [Parliaments in non-fictional and fictional formats. What we learn about parliamentary procedures in “Berlin direkt” and “Borgen”. Publizistik, 61(3), 287–304. Nitsch, C. & Eilders, C. (2015). Fictional politics on TV: Comparing the representations of political reality in the US-series “The West Wing” and the German series “Kanzleramt”. Global Media Journal. German Edition, 5(1), 1–19. Nitsch, C., Jandura, O., & Bienhaus, P. (2019). The democratic quality of political depictions in fictional TV-entertainment. A comparative content analysis of the political drama Borgen and the journalistic magazine Berlin direkt. Communications. The European Journal of Communication Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2076.