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Статті в журналах з теми "6xxx series aluminium alloys"

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Mrówka-Nowotnik, G., J. Sieniawski, S. Kotowski, A. Nowotnik, and M. Motyka. "Hot Deformation Of 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0263.

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Abstract The hot deformation behavior of the 6xxx aluminum alloys was investigated by compression tests in the temperature range 100°C-375°C and strain rate range 10−4s−1 and 4×10−4s−1 using dilatometer DIL 805 BÄHR Thermoanalyse equipped with accessory attachment deformation allows the process to execute thermoplastic in vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. Associated microstructural changes of characteristic states of examined alloys were studied by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and deformation rate. And was also found that the activation energy Q strongly depends on both, the temperature and rate of deformation. The results of TEM observation showing that the dynamic flow softening is mainly as the result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization of 6xxx aluminium alloys.
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Strobel, Katharina, Elizabeth Sweet, Mark Easton, Jian Feng Nie, and Malcolm Couper. "Dispersoid Phases in 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.926.

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In high strength AlMgSi alloys additions of Mn and Cr lead to the formation of dispersoid phases whose primary functions are to improve fracture toughness and control grain structure. Whether or not dispersoid phases form during heating to the homogenisation temperature and which dispersoid forms is strongly dependent on the alloy composition. By correlating dispersoid features after different homogenisation heat treatments to TEM investigations into the crystal structure, it is proposed that the crystal structure and chemical composition of the dispersoids changes as the dispersoids coarsen at increased temperatures and times.
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Daswa, Pfarelo, Heinrich Möller, Madeleine du Toit, and Gonasagren Govender. "The Solution Heat Treatment of Rheo-High Pressure Die Cast Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) 6xxx Series Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 217-218 (September 2014): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.217-218.259.

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The 6xxx series alloys are well known for desirable combinations of high strength, weldability, corrosion resistance and formability. This paper investigates the influence of chemical composition on the solution heat treatment parameters of rheo-high pressure die cast (R-HPDC) 6xxx series aluminium alloys. The presence of copper in the 6xxx series aluminium alloys affects the solution heat treatment by promoting incipient melting. The incidence of incipient melting is investigated for the R-HPDC alloys using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. R-HPDC is known to produce surface liquid segregation and centre-line liquid segregation when processing the alloys and these areas are the most susceptible to incipient melting. The applicability of single and multiple step solution heat treatments are investigated. The alloys used for this study include the Cu-free alloy 6082, as well as the Cu-containing alloys 6013 and 6111.
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Rometsch, Paul A., Zhou Xu, Hao Zhong, Huai Yang, Lin Ju, and Xin Hua Wu. "Strength and Electrical Conductivity Relationships in Al-Mg-Si and Al-Sc Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.827.

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Aluminium alloys play an important role in overhead power transmission applications. All-aluminium alloy conductor cables require increasingly hard-to-achieve combinations of high tensile strength and high electrical conductivity. The problem is that a high strength is normally associated with a reduced electrical conductivity. Both heat-treatable 6xxx series aluminium alloys and work-hardening 1xxx series aluminium alloys are important contenders for these applications. By contrast, the addition of rare earths and/or transition metals to aluminium may provide further opportunities to achieve improved combinations of precipitation hardening, substructural hardening and elevated temperature stability. In this work, strength and electrical conductivity relationships are investigated for a range of 6xxx series aluminium alloys and an Al-Sc alloy. The Al-Sc alloy was produced by means of a direct laser metal deposition process that allowed more Sc to be placed into solid solution than by conventional casting or solution treatment. The paper explores the relative effects of composition, cold working and age hardening on the balance of strength and electrical conductivity, including examples of how improved combinations of both strength and conductivity can be achieved.
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Braun, Reinhold. "Investigation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.735.

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Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 6061 and 6013 sheet material were investigated in the naturally aged and peak-aged heat treatment conditions. Transmission electron microscopy did not reveal strengthening phases in the naturally aged sheet. In the peak-aged temper, β’’ precipitates were observed in alloy 6061, whereas both β’’ and Q’ phases were present in 6013- T6 sheet. Marked grain boundary precipitation was not found. Corrosion potentials of the alloys 6061 and 6013 shifted to more active values with increasing aging. For the copper containing 6013 sheet, the potential difference between the tempers T4 and T6 was more pronounced. When immersed in an aqueous chloride-peroxide solution, alloy 6061 suffered predominantly intergranular corrosion and pitting in the tempers T4 and T6, respectively. On the contrary, 6013 sheet was sensitive to pitting in the naturally aged condition, and intergranular corrosion was the prevailing attack in the peak-aged material. Both alloys 6061 and 6013 were resistant to stress corrosion cracking in the tempers T4 and T6.
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Hasting, Håkon S., John Walmsley, Calin D. Marioara, ATJ van Helvoort, Randi Holmestad, Frederic Danoix, and Williams Lefebvre. "Characterisation of early precipitation stages in 6xxx series aluminium alloys." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 26 (February 22, 2006): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/023.

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Baldoukas, A. K., G. A. Demosthenous, and D. E. Manolakos. "524 Experimental evaluation of the 6xxx series aluminium alloys extrudability." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 10.2 (2002): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.10.2.168.

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Bhat, Kuruveri Udaya, Devadas Bhat Panemangalore, Spandana Bhat Kuruveri, Merbin John, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys." Coatings 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020180.

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Due to their superior mechanical properties, formability, corrosion resistance, and lightweight nature, 6xxx series aluminum (Al) alloys are considered as a promising structural material. Nevertheless, the successful application of these materials depends on their response to the external environment. Recently, designers considered the surface properties an equally important aspect of the component design. Due to this concern, these alloys are subjected to varieties of surface modification methodologies. Many methodologies are explored to modify the 6xxx series Al alloys surfaces effectively. These methods are anodizing, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), cladding, friction stir processing, friction surfacing, melting, alloying, and resolidification using high energy beams, etc. This review work discusses some of these methods, recent research activities on them, important process variables, and their role on the final properties of the surfaces.
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Baruah, Monoj, and Anil Borah. "Processing and precipitation strengthening of 6xxx series aluminium alloys: A review." International Journal of Materials Science 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/27078221.2020.v1.i1a.10.

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Braun, Reinhold. "On the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 6XXX series aluminium alloys." International Journal of Materials Research 101, no. 5 (May 2010): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.110314.

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Дисертації з теми "6xxx series aluminium alloys"

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Aastorp, Knut Iver. "Plastic Deformation at Moderate Temperatures of 6XXX-series Aluminium Alloys." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-118.

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The present work has been carried out in order to investigate Al-Mg-Si alloys that are deformed at moderate temperatures. These temperatures are in the range between 200 C and 300 C. Also some experiments are performed at room temperatures. Two deformation models have been applied in the experiments: material deformation by compression testing and by forward extrusion.

The investigated alloys are AA6063, AA6082 and an alloy that is named “Alloy R” in this work. The latter alloy is the industrial alloy AA6082 without the Mn-addition (0.56wt%Mn in the AA6082). The “R” denotes the recrystallized microstructure in the material after hot forming operations.

The investigations show the effect of changing the temperature in the given temperature interval on the stress-strain relationship for each alloy. From the compression testing, it is found that none of the alloys AA6063 or Alloy “R” reaches a steady state condition as true strain approaches 0.8 for deformation temperatures between 200 C and 250 C. At compression testing performance at 300 C, the alloy “R” reaches a steady state condition at a true strain equal to 0.4.

As true stress-true strain relationship has been investigated for the “Alloy R” and the AA6063 at comparable deformation parameters, it is shown that the alloy “R”, with the highest Si-content, requires the highest true stress for a given true strain value (AA6063: 0.45wt%Si, Alloy “R”: 0.87wt%Si).

From the compression testing, the effect of Mn on the material properties in the AA6082-alloy has been determined. For the Alloy “R” and the AA6082, the true stress reached the same value after a certain amount of deformation. As deformation temperature increases, this common value of true stress corresponds to a decrease in true strain.

The AA6082 and Alloy “R” are also compared in experiments performed in forward extrusion. One observes that for the same deformation temperature and at identical die diameters, the ram force is identical. It is worth noticing that these alloys did not show the same relationship during the compression testing at low values of true strain (<0.8). On a microscopic scale, one concludes that Mn has no significant effect on the stress-strain relationship for the applied deformation parameters in the forward extrusion equipment.

Hardness measurements indicate that the age hardening potential in the extruded test specimen decreases as the deformation temperature increases. The hardness data is similar for both the AA6082 and the Alloy R, thus indicating that the Mn content has no significant effect on the strength of the material.

The deformed material has been annealed in order to investigate the recrystallization process in the AA6082 and the Alloy “R”. The recrystallization grain size in the Alloy “R” is significantly larger than in the AA6082 at comparable deformation parameters after annealing at 530 C for 15 minutes. This result is due to the effect of Mn-containing dispersoids in the AA6082. The recrystallization grain size in the Alloy “R” seems to be unaffected by the deformation temperature after annealing for 15 minutes. The observation of the AA6082 is quite different. A small increase in grain size is observed for both reduction ratios as the deformation temperature is elevated from 20C to 200 C and further to 250 C. At extrusion temperatures of 300 C the recrystallization grains are significantly larger.

Annealing experiments performed at 430 C on the AA6082 indicates that a change in the deformation temperature from 200 C to 250 C does not affect the amount of stored energy in the material significantly.

The Forge2 programme has been used to perform numeric simulations of the forward extrusion experiment. From this the temperature distribution, strain rate variation and true strain development in the test piece had been investigated. As the simulated true strain values are compared to the grain size in the annealed material, the recrystallization grain size is related to the amount of stored energy in the material in a very convincing way. It is also shown that the recrystallization grain diameter is related to the amount stored energy as the grain diameter is investigated in the radial and the extrusion direction separately.

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Neto, Simoes Vasco Manuel. "Influence of Aging in the Warm Forming of 6xxx series Aluminum Alloys." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS474/document.

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Les alliages d’aluminium, présentant un rapport résistance-poids élevé, sont capables de répondre aux exigences de réduction de masse et d’augmentation de sécurité dans la construction de nouveaux véhicules. Cependant, lors des opérations d’emboutissage, ces alliages présentent une plus faible formabilité et un retour élastique plus élevé que les aciers traditionnellement utilisés. L’emboutissage à température moyenne (qualifiée de tiède) apparaît comme une solution très intéressante pour résoudre ces problèmes. Néanmoins, l’emboutissage pour les alliages d'aluminium de la série 6000, reste toujours un défi car la gamme de température utilisée est proche de celle utilisée lors des traitements thermiques de ces alliages. Ainsi l’augmentation de la température peut entraîner un durcissement par précipitation. En outre, ces alliages sont susceptibles de vieillir naturellement. Tous ces changements doivent être prédits pour éviter des variations dans le process de production. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de ce travail a été d'analyser les conditions d’emboutissage à tiède de deux alliages d’Al-Mg-Si (l'EN AW 6016-T4 et l'EN AW 6061-T6), afin de d’améliorer la robustesse des opérations d’emboutissage. Des essais de traction et des essais d’emboutissage de godets cylindriques en température ainsi que des mesures de retour élastique (essai dit de Demeri) ont été effectués. Plusieurs paramètres comme le vieillissement naturel, la durée de chauffe et la vitesse d’emboutissage ont été étudiés afin de proposer des solutions permettant d’améliorer la robustesse des opérations d’emboutissage. L’emboutissage à tiède se révèle être une solution efficace pour améliorer la formabilité, réduire le retour élastique et la variabilité causée par le vieillissement naturel. Cependant, utiliser des vitesses d’emboutissage élevées et une chauffe rapide sont nécessaire pour éviter le durcissement par précipitation pendant l’emboutissage
Heat treatable aluminum alloys present a high strength-to-weight ratio, which replies to the requirements of mass reduction and safety increase in the construction of new vehicles. However, in sheet metal forming operations, these alloys have lower formability and higher springback than traditionally mild steels used. In this context, forming in warm temperature appears as an attractive solution to solve these problems. Nevertheless, there is still a challenge since the temperature range used in warm forming is similar to one used in the heat treatment of these alloys. Thus increasing the temperature can lead to precipitation hardening, which modifies the thermo- mechanical behavior of the material. In addition, these alloys are prone to natural aging that causes variability in forming operations and increases the amount of scrap. The present study addresses the warm forming of two heat-treated Al-Mg-Si alloys (EN AW 6016-T4 and EN AW 6061-T6), in order to propose solutions that can contribute to the increase of robustness of sheet metal forming operations. The influence of natural aging, temperature and exposure time has been studied by using uniaxial tensile tests, cylindrical cup tests and the split ring tests. The main goal is to propose solutions to improve the robustness of the sheet metal forming process. Warm forming proves to be an effective solution for improving formability, reducing the springback and variability caused by natural aging. However, high forming speeds and fast heating are necessary to prevent precipitation hardening during forming operations
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Markides, Christopher Andrew. "Two-hole extrusion and the effects of Mg₂Si, Si and Fe on the extrudability of 6xxx series aluminium alloys." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/two-hole-extrusion-and-the-effects-of-msubscript-g2-si-si-and-fe-on-the-extrudability-of-6xxx-series-aluminium-alloys(cba73880-cd83-4268-801d-ddbbdd23ca0d).html.

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Jones, Simon John. "Investigation into the contribution of the MC-DC process on microstructural evolution of direct chill cast round ingots of 6XXX series aluminium alloys with an aim to reduce homogenisation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14818.

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Aluminium applications can be found in the vast majority of industries – particularly the automotive, aerospace and building sectors. Light weight, good corrosion resistance, high strength with good machining and weldability has led 6xxx series alloy to be the most widely used for extrusion products. Semi-continuous direct-chill (DC) casting is a well established process and the most widely used in the production of wrought aluminium extrusion billets. The techniques have continuously evolved since its invention in the 1930s. To ensure high productivity and a quality billet by DC casting, grain refiners are added during casting prior to solidification. It is efficient, cost effective and considered optimized in modern production techniques. However, some problems still persist, for example, macrosegregation, centerline cracking, porosity, hot tearing, etc. For surface finish critical products, particles in added grain refiners may cause surface defects during downstream processing. Additions of grain refiners are also not desirable for recycling of the end use products. As a novel DC casting technology, the melt conditioned DC casting (MC-DC) technology is developed to achieve uniform fine equiaxed grains without deliberate additions of grain refiners. The MC-DC process is implemented by submerging a rotor-stator high shear device into the mould assembly of a conventional hot-top vertical DC caster. In this work, the fundamentals of MC-DC process has been investigated by studying the flow patterns in the sump using computer modelling in combination with thermal field measurement and delineation of the sump profile. Followed is the microstructural evolution of the MC-DC castings. Then the formation of Fe-bearing intermetallics which are critical to the arrangement of homogenisation treatment are presented. The grain refining mechanism by MC-DC is due to enhanced heterogeneous nucleation on dispersed oxides and grain fragments by intensive melt shearing, in combination with dendrite fragmentation and transportation in a uniform temperature and solute field. By optimising MC-DC parameters, alleviation of macrosegregation can be achieved even compared with DC-GR castings. Another finding is the correlation between grain structure and the distribution of the Fe-intermetallic particles. It has been demonstrated that equiaxed dendritic grains with fine secondary dendritic arm spacings achieved in MC-DC are preferred rather than finer granular grains in grain refined material. MC-DC also promotes the formation of α- Fe-bearing intermetallics. All these offer the potential for the reduction of homogenisation practices currently required as part of the DC process.
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Hsu, C. "Solidification of 6xxx series Al alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298713.

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Sha, Gang. "Intermetallic phase selection in 6xxx series A1 alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393371.

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Hepples, W. "Environment-sensitive cracking of 7000 series aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375141.

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Davidson, Ian. "The effect of grain refiners on intermetallic phase selection in 6XXX series Al alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432560.

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Wang, Le-Min. "Microstructure and properties of certain 2000 series aluminium alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8801.

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Roeth, Frederic. "Influence of near-surface structure on performance of 6000 series aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497887.

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Книги з теми "6xxx series aluminium alloys"

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Schra, L. Long-term outdoor stress corrosion testing of overaged 7000 series aluminium alloys. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1988.

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Wanhill, R. J. H. Damage tolerance property comparisons for 2000 and 8000 series aluminium plate alloys. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1995.

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3

King, F. Aluminium and Its Alloys (Ellis Horwood Series in Metals & Associated Materials). Ellis Horwood, 1987.

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4

Henley, V. F. Anodic Oxidation of Aluminium and Its Alloys: The Pergamon Materials Engineering Practice Series. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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Частини книг з теми "6xxx series aluminium alloys"

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Zervaki, A. D., and G. N. Haidenmenopoulos. "Laser Welding of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys." In Materials for Transportation Technology, 141–49. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606025.ch24.

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Braun, Reinhold. "Investigation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys." In Materials Science Forum, 735–40. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-408-1.735.

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Feister, Tom, Laura Zoller, Mehdi Shafiei, Paul Bosler, and Hyunok Kim. "Evaluating Lubricants for Warm Forming of Aluminum 6xxx Alloys." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 671–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_61.

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Konar, Murat, Salim Aslanlar, Erdinç İlhan, Melih Kekik, Görkem Özçelik, Mehmet Buğra Güner, Arif Fatih Yiğit, and Tolga Demirkıran. "Investigation of Weld Quality for Friction Stir Welding of Extrued 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 220–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_32.

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Güner, Mehmet Buğra, Murat Konar, Görkem Özçelik, Tolga Demirkıran, and Afife Binnaz Yoruç Hazar. "Effect of Extrusion Process on Mechanical, Welding, and Corrosion Behaviour of 6XXX Series of Aluminium Alloys." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 299–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_45.

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Lech-Grega, Marzena, W. Szymañski, B. Płonka, S. Boczkal, M. Gawlik, M. Bigaj, and P. Korczak. "The Structure and Properties of Wrought Aluminium Alloys Series 6xxx with Vanadium for Automotive Industry." In Light Metals 2013, 527–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663189.ch90.

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Lech-Grega, Marzena, W. Szymański, B. Płonka, S. Boczkal, M. Gawlik, M. Bigaj, and P. Korczak. "The Structure and Properties of Wrought Aluminium Alloys Series 6xxx with Vanadium for Automotive Industry”." In Light Metals 2013, 527–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_90.

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Singh, S., S. Kumar, and B. Pesic. "The Corrosion Behavior of 5xxx and 6xxx Aluminum Alloys with Trace Calcium." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 198–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_29.

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Lech-Grega, Marzena, Wojciech Szymatiski, Sonia Boczkal, Maciej Gawlik, and Mariusz Bigaj. "The Effect of Vanadium Addition on Structure and Material Properties of Heat Treated 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys." In Light Metals 2015, 173–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093435.ch31.

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Baruah, Monoj, Anjali Ladha, Manish Baruah, Arnav Kar, Agradeep Deb, and Anil Borah. "A Study of Effect of Micro-alloying of Tin on Ageing Behaviour of 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 397–405. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0124-1_35.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "6xxx series aluminium alloys"

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Vasilyev, Alexander A., Alexander S. Gruzdev, and Nikolay L. Kuzmin. "Model for commercial 6XXX series aluminium alloys age-hardening simulation." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Alexander I. Melker. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.676307.

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Henn, Philipp, Mathias Liewald, and Manfred Sindel. "Characterising ductility of 6xxx-series aluminium sheet alloys at combined loading conditions." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GLOBAL NETWORK FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND AWAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (IGNITE-AICCE’17): Sustainable Technology And Practice For Infrastructure and Community Resilience. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5007965.

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"FRICTION STIR WELDING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS 6XXX SERIES: A REVIEW." In International Conference on Advancements and Recent Innovations in Mechanical, Production and Industrial Engineering. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.arimpie-2015.46.

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Tavares, S. M. O., P. C. M. Azevedo, B. Emi´lio, V. Richter-Trummer, M. A. V. Figueiredo, P. Vilac¸a, and P. M. S. T. de Castro. "Friction Stir Welding of T-Joints in Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67522.

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Анотація:
The T-joint is a common joint type frequently used in transport industries because of the importance of increasing the inertia and strength of thin skins and shells without significant weight increase. This shape can be obtained by different processes as extruding, riveting, welding or others. However, the low weldability of some aluminum alloys, when using traditional welding processes, is an obstacle to the possible full benefit of such reinforced structures. The friction stir welding (FSW) process is suitable to join most aluminum alloys and should be considered as a feasible alternative to the other processes used to produce this type of geometry. This paper reports the results obtained concerning FSW T-joints with a new configuration. These joints simulate a typical reinforcement composed by two materials in order to optimize the damage tolerance. The skin is made of a 6xxx series alloy, and the reinforcement is made of a 7xxx series alloy. Mechanical properties were obtained and micro-structural analyses of the weld zone were performed, and the results were compared with those obtained in base materials and butt joints.
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Henn, Philipp, Mathias Liewald, and Manfred Sindel. "Investigation on bending failure to characterize crashworthiness of 6xxx-series aluminium sheet alloys with bending-tension test procedure." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5035011.

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Mahmood, Hikmat F., Mohamed R. Baccouche, and Bruno Barthelemy. "Design of Extruded Aluminum Space Frame Front End Structures for Crash Energy Management: Part I." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1186.

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Анотація:
Abstract The present crash energy management design work is comprised of two parts. Part I, this current paper, discusses the CAE analysis and testing results of extruded aluminum components for a front end structure of a space frame vehicle. The components consist of front and back-up rails with various rail reinforcement and triggering mechanisms. Rail and reinforcement members are manufactured using aluminum alloys extruded through a closed hat and aluminum sheet shaped in an open hat cross-section respectively. Aluminum alloys series 5xxx and 6xxx were used with the reinforcement while only 6xxx series extruded aluminum alloy was used with the front and back-up main rails. Triggering was applied to reinforcements in various configurations. Further details on the reinforcement and triggering are discussed throughout the paper. CAE models for the front end components were built and analysis was performed to determine the mean crush load, energy absorbing capability, mode of collapse, and folding pattern of each component. Component testing was conducted to verify the CAE prediction and to provide additional comparative design data as to the stability, mode of collapse, number of folds, folding pattern, stack-up, etc. Part II, a second paper to be published at a later date, reviews briefly the components testing results and presents a detailed discussion of the CAE modeling and models results for the full front end of the extruded aluminum space frame structure.
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Parasumanna, Ajeet Babu, Vishwanath Ammu, Shwetabh Suman, and M. Saraf. "Method for Prediction of Coffin Manson Parameters from Monotonic Tensile Property for Aluminium 6XXX Series Alloy to Predict Fatigue Life." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2019. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-26-0314.

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Koganti, R., C. Karas, A. Joaquin, D. Henderson, M. Zaluzec, and A. Caliskan. "Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding Process Optimization for Joining Aluminum 5754 Sheet Material Using OTC/Daihen Equipment." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42473.

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Анотація:
The development of lightweight vehicles, in particular aluminum intensive vehicles, require significant manufacturing process development for joining and assembling aluminum structures. Currently, 5xxx and 6xxx aluminum alloys are being used in various structural applications in a number of lightweight vehicles worldwide. Various joining methods, such as MIG, Laser and adhesive bonding have been investigated as technology enables for high volume joining of 5xxx, and 6xxx series alloys. In this study, metal inert gas (MIG) welding is used to join 5754 non-heat-treatable alloy sheet products. The objective of this study is to develop optimum weld process parameters for non-heat-treatable 5754 aluminum alloys. The MIG welding equipment used in this study is an OTC/Daihen CPD-350 welding systems and DR-4000 pulse power supply. The factors selected to understand the influence of weld process parameters on the mechanical properties and metallurgy (weld penetration) include power input (torch speed, voltage, current, wire feed), pulse frequency, and gas flow rate. Test coupons used in this study were based on a single lap configuration. A full factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted to understand the main and interaction effects on joint failure and weld penetration. The joint strengths and weld penetrations are measured for various operating ranges of weld factors. Post weld analysis indicates, power input and gas flow rate are the two signficant factors (statistically) based on lap shear load to failure and weld penentration data. There were no 2-way or 3-way interaction effects observed in ths weld study. Based on the joint strength and weld penetration, optimum weld process factors were determined.
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Koganti, Ramakrishna, Armando Joaquin, Matthew Zaluzec, and Chris Karas. "Gas Metal Arc Welded (GMAW) Joint Strength Comparison of Aluminum Sheet (5754) and Exturded (6063) Alloys." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43423.

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Анотація:
The development of lightweight vehicles, in particular aluminum intensive vehicles, require significant manufacturing process development for joining and assembling aluminum structures. Currently, 5xxx and 6xxx aluminum alloys are being used in various structural applications in a number of lightweight vehicles worldwide. Various joining methods, such as GMAW (it is also referred as Metal Inert Gas Welding), Laser and adhesive bonding have been investigated as technology enablers for high volume joining of 5xxx, and 6xxx series alloys. In this study, GMA welding was used to join 5754 non-heat-treatable alloy sheet and 6063-T6 heat treatable extrusion products. The objective of this study was to develop optimum weld process parameters for non-heat-treatable 5754 aluminum and heat treatble 6063-T6 alloys. For both the alloys, the lap joint configuration was used. The GMA welding equipment used in this study was an OTC/Daihen CPD-350 welding systems and DR-4000 pulse power supply. In the first phase of the experiments for 5754 aluminum alloy, the factors selected for the experiment were power input (torch speed, voltage, current, wire feed), pulse frequency, gas flow rate and surface condition. A full factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted (DOE #1) to understand the main and interaction effects on lap joint failure and weld penetration. Based on the results from phase 1 results, surface condition was eliminated in the phase 2 experiments. In phase 2 experiments for heat treatable alloys 6063 T6, the factors selected were power input (torch speed, voltage, current, wire feed), pulse frequency, gas flow rate, torch angle, and arc intensity. A partial factorial DOE was conducted (DOE # 2) primarily to understand the main effects and some two level interaction effects. For both phase 1 (non-heat treatable alloy 5754) and phase 2 (heat treatable alloy 6063-T6) experiments, the factors influence on the mechanical properties of the lap joint, metallurgy (weld penetration) and micro hardness were evaluated. Post weld analysis indicates for non heat treatable alloy 5754, power input and gas flow rate are the two signficant factors (statistically) based on lap shear load to failure and weld penentration data. For heat treatable alloy 6063, power input was the significant factor on joint load to failure, however, for weld penetration, power input, pulse frequency and gas flow rate were the significant factors. Based on the joint strength and weld penetration, optimum weld process factors were determined for both non-heat treatable alloy 5754 and heat treatble alloy 6063 T6.
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Baccouche, Mohamed Ridha, and Hikmat F. Mahmood. "Design of Extruded Aluminum Space Frame Front End Structures for Crash Energy Management: Part II." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0964.

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Abstract This paper presents the second part of a two-part design and analysis work for crash energy management that was conducted two years ago. Part I has been presented at the 1997 ASME crashworthiness conference held in Dallas, Texas and published in the ASME proceedings AMD-Vol.225 (BED-Vol.38). The present paper briefly reviews the components testing results and presents a detailed discussion of the CAE modeling and models results for the full front end structure of an extruded aluminum space frame. The front end structure consists mainly of a bumper, cross member, radiator support, front and backup lower rails, upper rails, shock tower support, subframe and attachments. The materials used are aluminum alloys series 5xxx and 6xxx. The 5xxx series aluminum was used only as reinforcement. The 6xxx aluminum was used as primary material for the various components as well as for reinforcing the backup lower rails. Force-deformation response, energy absorbed during the crash event, stress distribution and failure sequences for the front end structure have been generated and plotted. A detailed discussion of the peak and mean crush load from the force-deformation response, the energy absorbing capability of the structure from the energy-deformation curve, the axial and bending stress distribution, and the order of sequence of collapse is presented in this paper. A summary list of recommendations and critical design issues is also given at the end of this paper.
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