Добірка наукової літератури з теми "681.2:621.3.082.1"

1. INTRODUCTION 681.1 Receptor patterns in the plasma membrane 681.2 Different types of receptor patterns 712. METHODS TO INVESTIGATE NON-RANDOM RECEPTOR CLUSTERING 732.1 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer 732.2 Flow cytometric energy transfer measurement 782.3 Fluorescence anisotropy and energy transfer 792.4 Photobleaching energy transfer on single cells 812.5 Two-dimensional mapping of receptor superstructures 822.6 Detecting single receptor molecules 852.7 Chemical identification of receptor clusters 862.8 Electron microscopy 872.9 Scanning force microscopy 883. CONFORMATIONAL STATES OF RECEPTORS 903.1 Multi-subunit receptor structures 903.2 Physical parameters influencing conformational states 913.3 Chemical interactions and receptor conformations 924. ON THE ORIGIN OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RECEPTOR CLUSTERS 934.1 Synthesis of receptors and their localization in the plasma membrane 934.2 Lipid domain structure of the plasma membrane 944.3 The validity of the Singer–Nicolson model 945. CONCLUSIONS 966. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 967. REFERENCES 97

Preliminary research conducted in Warsaw in the 1970s and 2000s showed that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stayed in forest habitat and avoided anthropogenic areas. Activity and exploration patterns of animals are shaped by indices of anthropogenic disturbances, elevated in large cities. The aims of the study were (1) to compare the presence of roe deer in natural and anthropogenic habitats of Warsaw during three periods: 1976–1978, 2005–2008 and 2017–2021, based on snow tracking on transect routes (681.2 km in total), and (2) to describe the presence and activity of roe deer in relation to human disturbances in selected urban forests in its reproductive period (March–August), based on camera trap survey (2019–2020, 859 observations, 5317 trap-days in total). The number of tracks was higher in natural habitat during all three periods, with the highest value in 2017–2021 (9.85/km/24h). The peak of roe deer activity was recorded at dusk, and it changed with moon phases between spring and summer. Landscape connectivity and level of light pollution did not affect the activity pattern of roe deer. Our research showed that roe deer inhabiting urban areas avoided human presence by using well-covered habitats and being active in periods when the level of human disturbance was lower.

Buthūr Labaniyya (Acne vulgaris) is one of the oldest and commonest dermatological problem, which are known since antiquity and it has been called by different names in different parts of the world. It is a disorder of pilosebaceous unit which mainly affects the peripubertal population and clinically manifests as comedones (open/closed), papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts and heals with scars. As per Unani classics, Buthūr Labaniyya (Acne vulgaris) is termed as Muhāsā or Kīl characterised by small, white eruptions on the nose and cheeks, which resemble a condensed milk drop. Renowned Unani physicians Zakariyya Rāzī, Ibn Hubal, Ibn sīnā, Dā’ūd Antāki and Hakīm Akbar Arzānī have stated that, it is a dermatological disorder of adolescents that present as whitish eruptions over the face caused by M’ādda Sadīdiya (Suppurative material) or preponderance of Ghalīz (filthy) M’ādda Balghamiyya. Acne vulgaris affected 681.2 million people worldwide in 2016. This was a 10% rise from 612 million in 2006. Acne ranks eighth on the list of the world's most common diseases (9.4%) in 2010, with a worldwide prevalence of 645 million. In Unani Medicine, Buthūr Labaniyya (Acne vulgaris) is a well recognize disease entity and has been treated successfully since antiquity with various single and compound drugs having Jāli (Detergent), Muhalil (Resolvent) and Mujaffif (Desiccative), Musaffi-i Khūn advia properties. In this review, we tried to compile all the available information till date from both unani and other published scientific papers and textbooks which will fruitful for further research.

Ten natural dye yielding and two mordant plants were biochemically analyzed. Though natural dyes are widely used, information about the active principles responsible for dyeing is hardly available. In the present experiment, total chlorophyll, carotinoids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids and curcumin were determined among the dye yielding plants, while K, S, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Co were determined in the case of mordant plants. In Bixa orellana, used for yellow dyeing, the carotinoid content was 163.11 mg g-1 and in Clerodendrum chinense and Datura stramonium, which were used for green colouring, total chlorophyll content of 10.29 mg and 11.83 mg g-1 was recorded. Curcumin content responsible for orange colouring in Curcuma domestica was 27.7 mg g-1 while flavonoid content in Solanum nigrum and Terminalia chebula, which were used for brown, brown to black dyes was 24.89 and 21.73 mg g-1. Among the plants used for dyeing different colours, Punica granatum and Parkia timoriana were found to contain higher amounts of total phenols and bound phenols by recording 681.2 mg g-1 and 287.6 mg g-1 total phenols and 151.6 mg g-1 and 130.2mg g-1 bound phenols, while higher amounts of orthodihydric phenols and tannins were recorded in Punica granatum and Strobilanthes flaccidifolius by recording 20.11mg g-1 and 9.54mg g-1 orthodihydric phenols and 675.57mg g-1 and 648.12 mg g-1 tannins, respectively. In case of the plants used as mordant, higher contents of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Fe and Mn were detected in Achyranthes aspera, while higher amounts of P, Fe and Cu were recorded in Garcinia xanthochymus.

The mixed potassium thio/oxo-orthovanadates(V) of the series K3[VSxO4−x] (x = 1, 2, 2.6, 3.4-4) and the sodium compound Na3[VSO3] have been prepared in evacuated silica ampoules at reaction temperatures of 450 to 600 °C starting from stoichiometric amounts of an alkali oxovanadate, the alkali sulfide and (where necessary) elemental vanadium and sulfur. The crystal structures (determined on the basis of X-ray single-crystal data) of the yellow compounds Na3[VSO3] (space group R3c, a = 863.3(3), c = 1234.7(3) pm, Z = 6, R1 = 0.0170) and K3[VSO3] (space group P21/m, a = 659.0(3), b = 589.5(3), c = 879.3(3) pm, β = 102.12(3)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0907) both contain isolated monothio-vanadate ions [VSO3]3−. The orange crystals of K3[VS2O2] (space group P21/m, a = 1056(2), b = 732.2(10), c = 1167(2) pm, β = 121.86(11)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0977) as well as the red phase K3[VS2.6O1.4] (space group P21/c, a = 1009.1(6), b = 681.2(4), c = 1190.1(8) pm, β = 93.55(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0929) also crystallize with new, singular, monoclinic structure types, which are nevertheless structurally related, as indicated by the similar lattice parameters. Starting from K3[VS4], a phase width up to the composition K3[VS3.4O0.6] (space group Pnma, a = 909.5(3), b = 1035.6(5), c = 895.6(6) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0948) is observed in addition. Structure and bonding in this new series of potassium compounds are discussed and compared with those in the respective sodium phases, including aspects like anion geometry and dynamics (as observed by Raman spectroscopy), packing in the crystals, UV/Vis spectroscopy and FP-LAPW band structure calculations.

Mangalarga, due to its marching abilities, is the mostly widespread and numerous equine breed in Brazil. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that the semen of these horses is particularly susceptible to cryo-injuries. Therefore, the use of chilled semen is crucial when employing reproductive biotechnologies. However, previous studies indicate that chilled semen is highly impaired by the oxidative stress, which is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). An alternative to overcome the injuries caused by oxidative stress is antioxidant treatment, which requires the identification of those ROS that are the most deleterious. The aim of this study was to identify the most harmful ROS to Mangalarga sperm. Semen samples from 4 horses were collected, mixed with chilling media (Equimix®, Nutricell) and transported to the laboratory at 15°C. Samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducing mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical). Samples were analysed for motility using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain was used as an index of mitochondrial activity, the eosin nigrosin stain as an index of membrane integrity, the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose) as an index of acrosome integrity, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) as an index of DNA fragmentation, and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Results showed that Mangalarga sperm is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical. Samples treated with this ROS showed a lower percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial activity then samples treated with hydrogen peroxide (24.6 ± 5.9 v. 43.7 ± 6.8%, respectively). Similarly, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was higher in samples treated with hydroxyl radical when compared with those treated with both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (2037.7 ± 154.8, 681.2 ± 170.1, and 789.4 ± 124.5 ng/106 sperm). In addition, for all variables analysed using CASA except for ALH and BCF, samples treated with hydroxyl radical showed decreased quality when compared with the other samples. A positive correlation was found between TBARS and mitochondrial activity, indicating that the higher the sperm susceptibility of sperm against oxidative stress, the lower the mitochondrial activity. Level of TBARS also correlated negatively with most of the variables evaluated by CASA. The present results suggest that Mangalarga sperm is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical, a mechanism apparently related to the mitochondrial activity. Therefore, an alternative to overcome the deleterious influence of oxidative stress in semen of Mangalarga stallions would be the treatment with hydroxyl radical scavengers such as vitamins C and E, reduced glutathione, and other nonenzymatic antioxidants. The authors acknowledge Nutricell for the media used and CAPES for financial support.

Abstract Abstract 311 Background: Identification of a dominant gain-of-function mutation in a JAK2 kinase, JAK2V617, in myeloproliferative diseases such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), provided the foundation for the development of a molecularly targeted therapy for these diseases. Exaggerated JAK2 signaling is believed to play a dominant role in PV and ET by driving unchecked differentiation and proliferation of erythrocyte and thrombocyte precursors. While PV and ET are managed by phlebotomy and/or cytoreductive therapies such as hydroxyurea and anagrelide in the majority of patients, patients who fail these treatments have limited therapeutic options. INCB018424, a potent, selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, with demonstrated efficacy in MF (PMF, post-PV & post-ET MF), was evaluated for clinical activity in patients refractory to or intolerant of treatment with hydroxyurea. Methods: A phase II trial of INCB018424 is being conducted in advanced PV (n= 34) and ET (n=39) patients. Following an initial phase in which three dose regimens; 10 mg BID, 25 mg BID, and 50 mg QD; were evaluated in each patient population (n=6-8/dose), starting doses of 10 mg BID in PV patients and 25 mg BID in ET patients were chosen based on efficacy and tolerability to explore in an expansion cohort. Dose modifications were allowed to normalize Hct, platelet, and WBC counts. Clinico-hematological response criteria as defined by Barosi et al. (Blood, 2009) were used to assess response. PK and PD data are being collected. Results: PV patients: 34 patients have completed 3 months of treatment; 20 have completed ≥ six months of treatment. 94% of patients have achieved PR or CR. Greater than 75% of patients have at least 2 of 3 hematological parameters (Hct %, platelet count, WBC count) within normal ranges vs 38% of patients at baseline. Mean Hct% was 46.5 ± 4.3 (mean ± SD) at baseline; 37.5 ± 4.6 at month 3; and 39 ± 3.9 at month 6. Mean WBC count (109/L) was 15.2 ± 10.3 at baseline: 9.8 ± 6.1 at month 3; and 10.4 ± 5.5 at month 6. Mean platelet count (× 109/L) was 553 ± 231 at baseline: 378 ± 158 at month 3; and 311 ± 127 at month 6. 24 patients were phlebotomy-dependent in the 6 months prior to study; all became phlebotomy independent within two weeks of initiating INCB018424. 21 patients had palpable splenomegaly at baseline, ranging from 1 to 21 cm below the costal margin (9.1 ± 5.3 cm). 60% experienced a ≥ 50% reduction in spleen size in the first month which has been sustained over the duration of treatment. In 57% of patients with splenomegaly, spleens became non-palpable. All patients with pruritus (n=26) have experienced rapid, statistically significant, and sustained improvement. Marked improvement was noted in bone pain, night sweats, and fever. AEs of at least Grade 2 severity reported in more than 1 patient were anemia (12%) and thrombocytopenia (6%) all of which were reversible upon dose interruption or modification. ET patients: 39 patients completed 3 months of treatment; 17 patients have completed ≥ 6 months of treatment; 3 have discontinued. 61% of patients have achieved PR or CR. Greater than 50% of patients have at least 2 of 3 hematological parameters (Hct%, platelet count, WBC count) within normal ranges. Mean platelet counts (× 109/L) were 1059 ± 517 at baseline; 578 ± 435 at month 1; 681.2 ± 250.8 at month 3; and 584.4 ± 151 at month 6. Mean WBC count (× 109/L) was 9.3 ± 5.3 at baseline: 7.4 ± 2.7 at month 3; and 6.9 ± 1.4 at month 6. Of four patients with splenomegaly, all have a > 50% reduction in spleen size. Marked improvement was noted in bone pain, pruritus, weakness, night sweats and abnormal finger sensations. AEs of at least Grade 2 severity reported in more than 1 patient were anemia (18%) and neutropenia (6%) all of which were reversible upon dose interruption or modification. Conclusions: In PV patients, normalization of hematology parameters with elimination of the need for phlebotomy, marked decreases in splenic volume, and significant effects on symptoms have been demonstrated. Similar changes were noted in ET patients. Given that leukocytosis is an independent risk factor for thrombosis in PV and in ET, the lowering of WBC counts described in this study may be associated with additional clinical benefit along with normalization of Hct% in PV and decreases in platelet counts in ET patients. In this study, INCB018424 is a well tolerated, effective therapy in patients with advanced PV and ET refractory to hydroxyurea treatment. Disclosures: Verstovsek: AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Exelixis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding; SBIO: Research Funding. Off Label Use: INCB081424 from Incyte, XL019 from Exelixis, AZD1480 from AstraZeneca, CEP701 from Cephalon, SB1518 from SBIO. All ar JAK2 inhibitors and are investigational agents.. Rambaldi:Diasorin S.p.A.: Consultancy, Honoraria. Rosen:Biogen Idec: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Southern California Lymphoma Group, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen : Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Tower Cancer Research Foundation: Employment. Levy:Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bradley:Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schacter:Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Garrett:Incyte Corporation: Employment. Vaddi:Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Contel:Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership.

Магістерська дисертація складається зі вступу, 3 розділів та має 92 сторінок, 49 зображень, 32 таблиць та 21 посилань. Перший розділ містить огляд літератури, опис конструкції вібраційного густиноміра та принципу роботи. В другому розділі розроблено математичну модель, проведено її дослідження. В третьому розділі розроблено стартап-проект. Актуальністю роботи є удосконалити прилад для вимірювання густини з покращеними властивостями, що буде працювати при підвищеній забрудненості. Об'єктом дослідження є система контролю густини рідини в трубопроводі. Предметом дослідження є прилади для вимірювання густини речовини. Мета роботи полягає в дослідженні динамічної характеристики вібраційного густиноміра. Для досягнення мети поставлені наступні завдання: 1. Розглянути різні типи густиномірів та порівняти технічні характеристики вже існуючих приладів; 2. Розробити параметричну структурну схему для обраного густиноміра; 3. Провести розрахунок і аналіз густиноміра; 4. Розробити та дослідити математичну модель.
The master's dissertation consists of an introduction, 3 chapters and has 92 pages, 49 images, 32 tables and 21 references. The first section contains a review of the literature, a description of the design of the vibrating density and the principle of operation. In the second section a mathematical model was developed, its research was conducted. In the third section a startup project was developed. The urgency of the work is to improve the device for measuring the density with improved properties, which will work with increased pollution. The object of the study is a system for monitoring the density of the liquid in the pipeline. The subject of the study is the instruments for measuring the density of the substance. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamic characteristics of the vibration density. To achieve the goal set the following tasks: 1. Consider different types of densities and compare the specifications of already existing devices; 2. To develop a parametric structural scheme for the selected density; 3. Conduct calculation and analysis of the density; 4. Develop and explore a mathematical model. Keywords: density meter, vibration, mathematical model, transient process.
Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, 3 разделов и имеет 92 страниц, 49 изображений, 32 таблиц и 21 ссылок. Первый раздел содержит обзор литературы, описание конструкции вибрационного плотномера и принципа работы. В втором разделе разработана математическая модель, проведено ее исследование. В третьей главе разработаны стартап-проект. Актуальностью работы является усовершенствовать прибор для измерения плотности с улучшенными свойствами, будет работать при повышенной загрязненности. Объектом исследования является система контроля плотности жидкости в трубопроводе. Предметом исследования является приборы для измерения плотности вещества. Цель работы заключается в исследовании динамической характеристики вибрационного плотномера. Для достижения цели поставлены следующие задачи: 1. Рассмотреть различные типы плотномеров и сравнить технические характеристики уже существующих приборов; 2. Разработать параметрическую структурную схему для выбранного плотномера; 3. Провести расчет и анализ плотномера; 4. Разработать и исследовать математическую модель.

The ability to determine the gaseous constituents of hazardous environments is of interest for a wide variety of applications including; emission control, nuclear waste storage and space exploration. Traditional Si-based technology has poor resilience and is unable to operate at temperatures much above 170°C. A viable alternative is SiC which has a wide band-gap and Si to C bonding, enabling it to operate at extreme temperatures, in high radiation flux and in corrosive ambients. SiC-based MIS capacitors have previously been shown to be sensitive to a range of gas species including; H2, O2 and H2S. However, these structures often reveal cross-sensitivity to multiple gas species and in order to enhance selectivity towards a target gas species or enable simultaneously monitoring of multiple gas species, a sensor array is required. The development of Ohmic contacts on 4H-SiC is crucial for a wide range of device structures. However, after high temperature post-processing, Ohmic behaviour has been found to deteriorate. This study reveals that careful replacement of the contact metallization can significantly recover the Ohmic behaviour, an enabling technology for the resilient sensor array. After optimization of a Ti02/Si02 high-x dielectric stack, a variety of SiC-based MIS capacitors were fabricated using combinations of Ni, Pd or Pt . gate contacts and Ti02 or Hf02 high-x dielectric layers. The C-V characteristics of these devices were investigated from 10KHz to 3 MHz and then at intervals during exposure to 400°C and 500 °C in air, showing reliable operation for at least 1000 hours and failure shortly after 143 hours respectively. The mechanisms responsible for this degradation were studied with SIMS and AFM analysis, which revealed that Ti and Cr have diffused into the Hf02 during annealing, possibly introducing additional defects. Using a combination of these capacitors a resilient SiC-based sensor array has been established. The C-V and I-V characteristics from this array have been examined in N2 at between 50°C and 400°C, prior to its C-V response being recorded at 300°C in a variety of H2, O2 and H2/02 ambients. The selectivity of a MIS capacitor between H2 and O2 has been found to be strongly dependant on contact material, whilst choice in high-x dielectric has a substantial influence on H2 sensitivity. The use of MLR analysis on the resulting data is found to enable the array to discriminate between H2/02 mixed gas ambients and make reasonable predictions of their concentrations, to generally within= 600 ppm for H2 and > 200 ppm for O2.

In this thesis we examine localization in wireless sensor networks starting with a brief overview of the basics of radiolocation techniques and then look at some of the most well-known commercial positioning techniques and localization algorithms. We then concentrate on the application of the Fastmap (FM) algorithm in the field of wireless sensor localization. Our first contribution in this thesis is the mathematical analysis of the FM algorithm in terms of the mean squared error (MSE) of the coordinate estimate under a multiplicative noise model followed by the optimum placement of anchor nodes. The algorithm is compared to Linear Least Squares (LLS) algorithm, which is well known and has a similar complexity to that of FM. Another contribution is proposing the angle-projected FM algorithm for wireless sensor nodes localization in order to enhance the connectivity of the network and the overall performance. A comprehensive study and mathematical analysis in terms of the MSE for this algorithm is presented and it is also compared with the original FM algorithm. We also propose a weighted Fastmap (WFM) algorithm in which more than one pair of anchor nodes is used to evaluate the first coordinate (i.e., x-coordinate) of the unknown nodes in order to reduce the effect of error dependency in the y-coordinate estimation. (In the original FM algorithm only one pair of anchor nodes was employed.) The optimal WFM weights are determined via (constrained) minimization of the MSE of the estimated node coordinates. A simplification of the WFM is also introduced, called the averaged FM (AFM), where complexity is reduced at the expense of degradation in the overall WFM performance. Both the WFM and AFM exhibit improved performance over the original FM algorithm. Finally, an unbiased version of the WFM, AFM and FM is presented in which an estimate of the bias term is removed to improve the overall MSE performance. The effect of this modification on the algorithms' performance is then analysed and discussed.

Research into chemical sensors, and in particular colourimetric sensors, is an area of increasing interest. The instant access to important chemical information that such devices can bring is their most attractive feature. The aim of this project has been to develop such colourimetric indicators and to research their behaviour in detail such that their response to different environments can be known, and their formulation altered to suit the application.

A saccharide sensor was fabricated using an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure structure and a boronic-acid containing receptor. Parallel to this, photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of Gallium Nitride (GaN) was employed both as a nanostructuring technique and as a method of rapid dislocation density enumeration. The device fabrication techniques necessary for the development of devices based on n-type GaN and its alloys were successfully implemented. A robust photolithographic mask capable of producing a variety of transistor and sensor structures was designed and fabricated. Surface Charge Lithography (SCL) was studied and implemented as a technique for the nanostructuring of n-type GaN. In contrast to previous work (where patterns with feature sizes down to 100nm were created¹), several shortcomings of the technique were noted and subsequently investigated: a failure to achieve the intended minimum feature size; elongation of features in the direction of FIB instrument rastering; and the loss of thin features perpendicular to the rastering direction. A pattern design scheme to overcome these shortcomings was proposed along with experimental improvements expected to alleviate such issues. A novel receptor molecule employing a phenylboronic acid (BAT) was synthesised and used to functionalise an AlGaN/GaN FET device, thereby creating an electronic saccharide sensor device. The response of the sensor to a panel of saccharides (fructose, galactose and glucose) was investigated, with the order of response confirming previous findings (decreasing from fructose to galactose to glucose). The device was found to have good stability prior to failure, indicating that this type of sensor device shows a great deal of potential for wider use. PEC etching was used as a technique for determining the dislocation density in two distinct GaN on sapphire structures with thick AlN buffer layers. The SRI sample (100nm of GaN with 500nm of AlN) had a dislocation density of 1.9±O.2xl0⁹cm-², while the SH2 sample (500nm of GaN with lOOnm of AIN) had approximately twice this density, at 3.8±O.2xl0⁹cm-². The differences are thought to primarily arise from the difference in AlN thickness.