Статті в журналах: "666.766 : 546"

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Theodosoglou, E., A. Koroneos, T. Soldatos, T. Zorba, and K. M. Paraskevopoulos. "COMPARATIVE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED AND X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRED K-FELDSPARS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11681.

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Natural K-feldspars from igneous rocks have been examined by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the spectral range 400-1400 cm-1,where the Si-Al-O bonds exhibit the dominant vibrations. From the XRPD analysis three specieshave been distinguished, i.e. microclines (3 samples), orthoclases (4 samples) and sanidines (3 samples);their unit cell parameters were calculated. The FTIR transmittance spectra of all sampleshave common bands at 426, 463, 584, 604, 726 and 772 cm-1 and some additional features. The spectraof sanidine and orthoclase exhibit fewer and broader bands than the microclines’, especially inthe area 1000-1200 cm-1. The differences in their spectra are located in four bands. The bands ataround 536-538 and 646-648 cm-1 in the spectrum of microcline, are shifted at around 542-544 and640-642 cm-1 in the spectrum of orthoclase and at around 546 and 636 cm-1 in the spectrum of sanidine.Four bands at 1010, 1050, 1090 and 1136 cm-1 in the spectra of microcline are substitutedwith two quite broad bands at about 1030 and 1125 cm-1 in the spectra of orthoclase and sanidine.These differences are attributed to different degree of Al-Si ordering in the structure of K-feldspars.

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Weaver, M. L., J. M. Tanzer, and P. A. Kramer. "Salivary Flow Induction by Buccal Permucosal Pilocarpine in Anesthetized Beagle Dogs." Journal of Dental Research 71, no. 11 (November 1992): 1762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710110101.

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We tested whether permucosal delivery of pilocarpine nitrate could be used to elicit significant salivary secretion. Pilocarpine (pKa 6.6 at 37°C) was applied as solutions (pHs 5.6, 6.6, 7.6; 15 mg/mL) to the buccal mucosa (2.8 cm2) of 6 anesthetized dogs. Saliva was collected continuously from cannulated submandibular and parotid ducts and blood sampled during and after drug administration. Plasma pilocarpine levels were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Absorption rates were determined by use of data from separate zero-order intravenous infusions to the same dogs. Pilocarpine was buccally absorbed at a constant rate of 72.9 ± 38.5 μg/kg/h following its application at pH 7.6. At this pH of the drug solution, the time to appearance of pilocarpine in blood plasma was 0.31 ± 0.08 h, and the time to appearance of salivary flow was 0.86 ± 0.32 h. A threshold dose of 32.9 ± 7.5 ug/kg was required to induce secretion with the pH 7.6 drug, the steady-state plasma concentration was 28.9 ± 19.3 ng/mL, and the steady-state submandibular flow rate was 0.14 ± 0.11 mL/ min/gland pair. Salivary flow induction was symmetrical and reached levels as high as 0.35 mL/min/submandibular gland pair without apparent tachyphylaxis. Results at pHs 5.6, 6.6, and 7.6 were consistent with the hypothesis that pilocarpine is primarily absorbed as un-ionized drug. The data indicate that transmucosal delivery of pilocarpine, avoiding "first pass" hepatic loss, may hold promise for the treatment of xerostomia.

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Maslennikova, N. A., E. Yu Sergeeva, E. P. Tikhonova, A. Yu Burakov, N. M. Titova, Yu A. Fefelova, and T. G. Ruksha. "Antioxidant system blood enzymes activity in patients with echinococcosis." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 531–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1837.

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Aim. To study the activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde - lipid peroxidation product - in patients with echinococcosis. Methods. 22 patients aged 32 to 74 years [females - 9 (40%), males - 13 (60%), mean age 37.6 years] with established diagnosis of liver echinococcosis confirmed by ELISA, were examined. Mean disease duration was 10 years. 12 patients, in whom the diagnosis of liver echinococcosis was excluded, were included in the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity was determined based on adrenaline auto-oxidation inhibition, as well as catalase activity and malondialdehyde level were determined. Results. Statistically significant decrease in the malondialdehyde concentration from 5.9 [5.6÷6.6] to 3.7 [3.3÷4.1] mmol/g of hemoglobin (p 0.001), superoxide dismutase activity - from 764 [744÷796] to 666 [627÷695] i.u./min.×g of hemoglobin (p 0.001) was revealed in patients with echinococcosis. Catalase activity did not change significantly (maintained at the level of control group), which may indicate a temporary activation of the compensatory abilities of the body. Conclusion. Revealed data suggest that gradual development of oxidative stress and decrease in body adaptive abilities play a significant role in the pathogenesis of liver echinococcosis which should be considered while working out the new treatment options for the disease.

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Nichols, Anthony C., Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue, John Yoo, Wei Xu, Sandeep Dhaliwal, John Basmaji, Christopher C. T. Szeto, et al. "A Pilot Study Comparing HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Whole Exome Sequencing." ISRN Oncology 2012 (December 12, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/809370.

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Background. Next-generation sequencing of cancers has identified important therapeutic targets and biomarkers. The goal of this pilot study was to compare the genetic changes in a human papillomavirus- (HPV-)positive and an HPV-negative head and neck tumor. Methods. DNA was extracted from the blood and primary tumor of a patient with an HPV-positive tonsillar cancer and those of a patient with an HPV-negative oral tongue tumor. Exome enrichment was performed using the Agilent SureSelect All Exon Kit, followed by sequencing on the ABI SOLiD platform. Results. Exome sequencing revealed slightly more mutations in the HPV-negative tumor (73) in contrast to the HPV-positive tumor (58). Multiple mutations were noted in zinc finger genes (ZNF3, 10, 229, 470, 543, 616, 664, 638, 716, and 799) and mucin genes (MUC4, 6, 12, and 16). Mutations were noted in MUC12 in both tumors. Conclusions. HPV-positive HNSCC is distinct from HPV-negative disease in terms of evidence of viral infection, p16 status, and frequency of mutations. Next-generation sequencing has the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers in HNSCC.

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Kutluk, M. Tezer, and Akif Yeşilipek. "Pediatric cancer registry in Turkey 2009-2020 (TPOG & TPHD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e22519-e22519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e22519.

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e22519 Background: Global actions on pediatric cancer control is targeting to improve the survival rates in low and middle income countries which already exceeded 80% in high income countries. Almost 300.000 pediatric cancer cases annually are expected in children and adolescents aged 0-14 globally. Pediatric cancer registry must be a priority within the pediatric cancer control programs. Here, we present the most updated results of the pediatric cancer registry in Turkey. Methods: Pediatric cancer registry has been established by the Turkish Pediatric Oncology Group and Turkish Pediatric Hematology Association in 2002. The childhood cancer cases registered between 2009-2020 was included in this analysis. International Childhood Cancer Classification System was used for the classification. Essential demographic findings, ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes were recorded for each case. Results: During the 12 years from 2009 to 2020, 21792 cases were registered. For all cases, median age was 6.7 year (0-19; M/F 12198/9584, 4 hermaphrodite, 6 unknown). Age distribution was 0-4 yrs, 40.9%; 5-9 yrs, 23.7%; 10-14 yrs, 23.4%; 15-19 yrs, 12.0%) The distribution of the tumor types were [number of cases, percentage of total, median age yrs, M/F]: Leukemia (5208, 23.9%, 5.5, 3004/2204); Lymphoma & other RES tumors (4103, 18.8%, 9.8, 2733/1367, 1 hermaphrodite & 2 unknown); CNS [brain & spinal] (3269, 15.0%, 6.8, 1794/1474, 1 unkown); Symphatetic system (1794, 8.2%, 2.4, 933/861); Retinoblastoma (610, 2.8%, 1.4, 339/271); Renal (1079, 5.0%, 3.1, 524/553, 1 hermaphrodite & 1 unknown); Liver (376, 1.7%, 2.2, 216/160); Malignant bone (1448, 6.6%, 12.5, 787/661); Soft tissue sarcomas (1554, 7.1%, 7.6, 888/666); Germ cell (1461, 6.7%, 9.3, 547/910, 2 hermaphrodite, 2 unknown); Carcinoma & other malignant epithelial (745, 3.4%, 13.5, 362/383); Other/non-specific malignant (145, 0.7%, 7.9, 71/74). Five year survival rate was found as 72%. Conclusions: This registry shows the imrovement of survival rates to 72% in Turkey which is comparable with middle income countries. The pediatric cancer control community is investing on the control of childhood cancer for further improvement and this registry became a valuable source for pediatric oncology community at national and international level.

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Nelson, William B., Chad M. House, Patricia K. Turnquist, Jenny M. Spence, Mary A. Anstadt, Glenn A. Nickele, Katie A. Moriarty, and Charles K. Stone. "Ultra low-dose single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging." International Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 1, no. 2 (April 22, 2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijdi.v1n2p54.

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Background: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) provides excellent diagnostic and prognostic information. A primary limitation of SPECT is radiation exposure. New cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) technology has allowed for reduced radiation exposure. Methods: A cohort of 414 consecutive patients undergoing very low-dose SPECT MPI utilizing CZT technology was analyzed. Patients received rest/stress dosing strategies of 111/333, 148/444, 222/666, 296/888, 370/1110 Megabecquerels (MBq) (3/9, 4/12, 6/18, 8/24, 10/30 millicuries) depending on their weight and body mass index. Image quality was visually assessed by the reading cardiologist (scale: 1 = poor; 2 = fair; 3 = good; 4 = excellent). Results: 58% of patients received 111/333MBq, 22% received 148/444MBq, 13% received 222/666MBq, 6% received 296/888MBq, and 1% received 370/1110MBq. The estimated radiation dose was 3.6, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, and 12 millisieverts respectively. The average image quality for the cohort was 3.3 ± 0.7. The rest/stress counts (103) for 111/333 and 148/444 groups were 532 ± 212/1718 ± 525 and 545 ± 177/1748 ± 399, while the rest/stress counts (103) for the 222/666 and 296/888 groups were 673 ± 178/2235 ± 923 and 764 ± 249/2588 ± 788 respectively. The 111/333 and 148/444 groups had significantly lower counts than the 222/666 and 296/888 groups, but only the 296/888 group had a significant difference in image quality when compared to the 111/333 group, with the 111/333 group having better image quality. Conclusion: CZT technology permits rapid, very low-dose MPI studies to be performed, thus, reducing the radiation exposure for patients, while still providing high quality, diagnostic perfusion results. The majority of our patients were imaged at less than 4mSv.

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Lee, Yu-Chien, Elisabetta Patorno, Chandrasekar Gopalakrishnan, and Dae Kim. "Trends of ARNI and Other Heart Failure Medication Use in Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.805.

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Abstract In 2015-2017, we identified 276,679 to 315,788 Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF (mean age 76.6-76.7 years, 75.0-76.2% male, 82.0-83.4% Whites, and 44.8-50.9% frail). Since its approval in July 2015, ARNI use increased from 0.3% to 5.7%. ARNI uptake was lower in patients with older age (6.6% for 65-74 years vs 3.4% for ≥85 years), non-Hispanic race (7.3% for Hispanic vs 5.6-6.6% for other race), no dual eligibility (6.4% for dual eligibility vs 5.5% for no dual eligibility), frailty (5.1% for frailty vs 6.1% for non-frailty) and dementia (3.8% for dementia vs 6.1% for no dementia). Frail patients were less likely than non-frail patients to receive disease-modifying treatments, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (32.4% vs 38.9%), angiotensin receptor blockers (14.5% vs 17.5%), aldosterone antagonists (20.8% vs 23.4%), and beta-blockers (65.1% vs 68.3%), but more likely to receive symptomatic treatment with loop diuretics (56.4% vs 48.0%).

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Beers, E. H., and E. A. Eisner. "Western Tentiform Leafminer Vydate Rate Test, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.1a.

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Abstract The test was conducted in a mature commercial orchard near East Wenatchee, Wash. The experimental design consisted of unreplicated 1-acre blocks. Treatments were applied on 27 Jul with an airblast sprayer delivering 400 gal/acre. The number of WTLM was sampled by counting tissue-feeding mines from the upper surfaces of 100 leaves. The pretreatment count (17 Jul) coincided with the maximum number of mines of the second generation, and the posttreatment count (19 Aug) coincided with the maximum number of mines of the third generation. WTLM age structure at time of application was 36.0% sap-feeding larvae, 6.6% tissue-feeding larvae, 5.6% pupae, and 44.2% emerged, 7.6% dead, and 0% parasitized.

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LURATI, ALFREDOMARIA, ALESSANDRA SALMASO, VALERIA GERLONI, MAURIZIO GATTINARA, and FLAVIO FANTINI. "Accuracy of Wallace Criteria for Clinical Remission in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a Cohort Study of 761 Consecutive Cases." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 7 (June 1, 2009): 1532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080434.

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Objective.To evaluate disease course and clinical usefulness in some categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) by applying newly developed Wallace definitions of remission off drugs.Methods.In a retrospective study, charts of patients with chronic form of primary (idiopathic) arthritis followed from our center since 1970 were reviewed and clinical/laboratory variables were collected for further analysis.Results.The cohort included 761 eligible patients [516 (67.8%) female, 245 (32.2%) male] with JIA. Mean disease onset age (± standard deviation) was 6.25 ± 4.4 years (range 0.5–15.9). Disease mean duration to last visit was 10.02 ± 4.31 years. Followup mean period was 7.6 ± 6.4 years (range 1.5–35 yrs). A total of 247 (32.46%) patients achieved remission according to criteria [persistent oligoarthritis 153 (42.9%); extended oligoarthritis 15 (13.1%); seronegative polyarthritis 21 (22.4%); systemic arthritis 33 (33.7%); enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) plus juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) 25 (33.4%)]. No patients with seropositive polyarthritis achieved remission status (p < 0.001). In remitted patients the mean survival function (± standard error of the mean) before relapse calculated by Kaplan-Meier was of 20.9 (± 1.3) months overall: 21.7 (± 0.46) in persistent oligoarthritis, 25.0 (± 6.6) in extended oligoarthritis, 26.7 (± 13.2) in seronegative polyarthritis, and 17.6 (± 2.44) in ERA+JPsA (p > 0.1).Conclusion.In our cohort about one-third of cases obtained a remission episode in 4 decades of observation, with a significant difference between oligoarthritis and other categories (p < 0.001) using the Kaplan-Meier method; the remission status duration before a relapse has been about 20 months, without a significant difference between JIA categories.

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KORNACKI, JEFFREY L., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Heat-Inactivation of Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus in Skim Milk Cultures with Pseudomonas fluorescens." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.7.541.

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Thermal destruction of Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus (SFC) at 57°C in autoclaved skim milk was determined at several pH values, and when skim milk was inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and incubated 3 d at 10°C plus 4 d at room temperature before SFC was added. The pH values between 6.4 and 6.6 had little effect on heat resistance of SFC. At pH 5.6, however, accelerated thermal destruction occurred in sterile skim milk as compared to skim milk at pH 6.5. (D-values were 4.8 min and 10.2 min, respectively). Presence of large populations (log10 bacterial count = 9.8 to 9.9/ml) of P. fluorescens had a protective effect on SFC (D = 7.6 ± .7 min in skim milk preincubated with P. fluorescens and 6.2 min in skim milk without P. fluorescens).

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Tian, Qu, Susan Resnick, Michelle Mielke, Kristine Yaffe, Caterina Rosano, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Stephanie Studenski, and Luigi Ferrucci. "DUAL DECLINE IN MEMORY AND GAIT UNIQUELY IDENTIFIES OLDER PERSONS AT HIGH RISK OF DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2173.

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Abstract Recent study has shown that incident dementia risk is higher among older persons who decline in both cognition and gait. This study assesses whether this relationship exists in multiple other aging populations. Data are from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n=662, 51%women,22%blacks), Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (n=746, 51%women,44%blacks), and Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (n=2771, 48%women,0.3%blacks). Participants were at least 60, initially free of cognitive impairment, dementia, and dismobility (gait speed≤0.6m/s), with repeated measures of verbal memory and gait speed before dementia diagnosis (average follow-up 5.8-12.1 years). Within each cohort, participants were divided into four groups: memory decliners alone, gait decliners alone, dual decliners, or neither (healthy agers). Gait speed decline was defined as a loss of ≥0.05m/sec/year; memory decline was defined as cohort specific bottom slope tertile. Incident dementia risk was examined by Cox regression with healthy agers as reference, adjusted for sex, race, baseline age, gait speed and memory. Across studies, incident dementia ranged from 3% to 17%. Compared to healthy agers, memory decliners alone had 3.4 to 4.3 times higher risk for developing dementia (p<0.01). Gait decliners alone had 2.1-5.6 times higher risk for dementia (p<0.05). Dual decliners had 7.6-10.8 times the risk (p<0.001). Dual decline signifies a more rapid progression to dementia. These consistent findings suggest that dual decliners might be a potentially valuable target group for both preventive interventions and mechanistic studies. Whether dual decline identifies a particular subtype or multiple subtypes of dementia remains to be investigated.

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Noah, Lionel, Michel Krempf, Gérard Lecannu, Pascale Maugère, and Martine Champ. "Bioavailability of starch and postprandial changes in splanchnic glucose metabolism in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 278, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): E181—E188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e181.

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Changes in splanchnic metabolism in pigs were assessed after meals containing slowly or rapidly digested starch. The pigs were fed a mixed meal containing a “slow” native ( n = 5) or a “rapid” pregelatinized ( n = 5) cornstarch naturally enriched with [13C]glucose. Absorption of [13C]glucose was monitored by the arteriovenous difference technique, and infusion ofd-[6,6-2H2]glucose in the jugular vein was used to calculate the systemic appearance of [13C]glucose. Arteriovenous balance data obtained during a 12-h study period showed that the fraction of ingested glucose equivalent appearing as glucose in the portal vein was 49.7 ± 7.2% for the slow starch and 48.2 ± 7.5% for the rapid starch ( P = 0.86). These values, corrected for the gut extraction of circulating [13C]glucose, became 66.4 ± 5.6 and 65.3 ± 5.6%, respectively ( P = 0.35). Isotope dilution data indicated that systemic appearance of exogenous [13C]glucose represented 62.9 ± 7.6 and 67.4 ± 3.0% of the oral load for slow and rapid starch, respectively ( P = 0.68). Arterial glucose utilization by the gut increased from 7.3 ± 0.9 μmol ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1before the meal to 8.5 ± 1.6 μmol ⋅ kg− 1 ⋅ min− 1during absorption, independently of the nature of the starch. Thus splanchnic glucose metabolism was unaffected by the nature of starch ingested.

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Boncz, Imre, Andor Sebestyén, Tímea Csákvári, István Ágoston, Eszter Szabados, and Dóra Endrei. "A kardiológiai rehabilitáció teljesítménymutatói Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 160, Supplement 1 (February 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31370.

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Introduction: With the improvement of the survival of acute cardiac events and the increasing age, there is a higher demand for cardiac rehabilitation care. Aim: The aim of our study is to analyse the performance indicators of cardiac inpatient rehabilitation care in Hungary financed by the statutory public health insurance system. Data and methods: Data were derived from the financial database of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary. We analysed the period between 2014 and 2017. We investigated the distribution of cardiac rehabilitation hospital beds, the patient turnover and the rehabilitation rate following acute care. Results: In 2017, there were 1765 publicly financed cardiac rehabilitation hospital beds in Hungary (1.8 beds/10 000 population). We observed the lowest number of hospital bed number in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg (0.27 beds/10 000 population), Hajdú-Bihar (0.28) and Fejér (0.6) counties. We found the highest number of hospital beds in Veszprém (11.47 beds/10 000 population), Győr-Moson-Sopron (4.94) counties and in Budapest (2.27). Between 2014 and 2017, the annual number of patients was between 24 834 and 26 146, while the number of nursing days varied between 510 thousand and 542 thousand. The average length of stay showed a moderate increase from 19.2 days/patient (2014) to 20.2 days/patient (2017). Only 6.6–7.6% of the patients who underwent acute myocardial infarction received cardiac rehabilitation care. Conclusion: We found significant regional inequalities in both the capacities and the access to and utilization of cardiac rehabilitation healthcare services, which should be mitigated by health policy activities. The low proportion (6.6–7.6%) of patients who underwent acute myocardial infarction and received cardiac rehabilitation care, should be increased. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(Suppl 1): 6–12.

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Fasler, Katrin, Gabriella Moraes, Siegfried Wagner, Karsten U. Kortuem, Reena Chopra, Livia Faes, Gabriella Preston, et al. "One- and two-year visual outcomes from the Moorfields age-related macular degeneration database: a retrospective cohort study and an open science resource." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027441.

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ObjectivesTo analyse treatment outcomes and share clinical data from a large, single-centre, well-curated database (8174 eyes/6664 patients with 120 756 single entries) of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). By making our depersonalised raw data openly available, we aim to stimulate further research in AMD, as well as set a precedent for future work in this area.SettingRetrospective, comparative, non-randomised electronic medical record (EMR) database cohort study of the UK Moorfields AMD database with data extracted between 2008 and 2018.ParticipantsIncluding one eye per patient, 3357 eyes/patients (61% female). Extraction criteria were ≥1 ranibizumab or aflibercept injection, entry of ‘AMD’ in the diagnosis field of the EMR and a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Exclusion criteria were unknown date of first injection and treatment outside of routine clinical care at Moorfields before the first recorded injection in the database.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was change in VA at 1 and 2 years from baseline as measured in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. Secondary outcomes were the number of injections and predictive factors for VA gain.ResultsMean VA gain at 1 year and 2 years were +5.5 (95% CI 5.0 to 6.0) and +4.9 (95% CI 4.2 to 5.6) letters, respectively. Fifty-four per cent of eyes gained ≥5 letters at 2 years, 63% had stable VA (±≤14 letters), 44% of eyes maintained good VA (≥70 letters). Patients received a mean of 7.7 (95% CI 7.6 to 7.8) injections during year 1 and 13.0 (95% CI 12.8 to 13.2) injections over 2 years. Younger age, lower baseline VA and more injections were associated with higher VA gain at 2 years.ConclusionThis study benchmarks high quality EMR study results of real life AMD treatment and promotes open science in clinical AMD research by making the underlying data publicly available.

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Dalal, Poonam, Vinay Malik, Dhruva Chaudhry, and Vineeta Shukla. "Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Ambient air of Rohtak city, India." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.151211.

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Environmental monitoring of a particular locality is very important because it has become a serious threat to human beings.The levels of benzene, toluene and xylene of Rohtak (one of the districts of Haryana) were monitored by Passive sampling method. The air samples collected from six different sites using thermal desorption tube were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID). Among all the selected sites, levels of benzene were found maximum at petrol pump as compared to the residential site, traffic intersection and industrial area. During winter season the BTX level was higher (Benzene: 4.3, 16.5, 12.2, 7.6, 22.3 and 15.6 µg/m3, Toluene: 16.3, 56.2, 30.9, 40.8, 55.5 and 50.2 µg/m3, Xylene: 6.3, 9.6, 8.5, 8.9, 9.2 and 8.4 µg/m3) as compared to summer (Benzene: 4.0, 12.6, 8.5, 8.8, 12.3 and 10.8 µg/m3, Toluene: 38.2, 53.1, 39.8, 42.6, 49.6 and 47.2 µg/m3 xylene: 2.3, 8.4, 6.8, 8.0, 7.5 and 5.4 µg/m3) and monsoon (Benzene: 2.3, 7.2, 5.6, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.4 µg/m3, Toluene: 5.0, 24.0, 14.5, 16.3, 24.8 and 24.6 µg/m3, Xylene: 1.8, 6.6, 4.2, 6.3, 6.6 and 6.4 µg/m3) seasons among all the sites. The levels of toluene were observed three times higher (50.2 µg/m3) than the benzene (15.6 µg/m3). The benzene level at petrol pump, industrial area and traffic intersection were observed higher than the standard values.

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Shirali, Shailesh A. "Digging for roots using the Pascal spade." Mathematical Gazette 96, no. 536 (July 2012): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200004496.

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Here is a result which will surely make one sit up. We start with a sequence t1= (1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 16, 16, … ) in which each power of 2 occurs twice in succession, and produce a second sequence whosenth term is the sum of thenth and (n + 1) th terms of the original one; we get the sequence t2= (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, … ). We repeat the same operation on the resulting sequence, and continue this, iteratively. Here are the sequences t3, t4, t5:t3= (5, 7, 10, 14, 20, 28, 40, 56, 80, 1l2, 160, 224, 320, 448,…),t4= (12, 17, 24, 34, 48, 68, 96, 136, 192, 272, 384, 544, 768,…),t5= (29,41, 58, 82, 116, 164,232, 328, 464, 656, 928, 1312,…).If we compute the ratio of the second term to the first term for each ti, we get the following sequence of rational numbers,which converges to the square root of 2. (These fractions turn out to be successive convergents to the simple continued fraction for √2; see Section IV for details.)

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Ma, Hui, Aixin Ni, Pingzhuang Ge, Yunlei Li, Lei Shi, Panlin Wang, Jing Fan, Adamu Mani Isa, Yanyan Sun, and Jilan Chen. "Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs Associated with Lactation in the Crop of Pigeons (Columba livia)." Genes 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020201.

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Pigeons have the ability to produce milk and feed their squabs. The genetic mechanisms underlying milk production in the crops of ’lactating’ pigeons are not fully understood. In this study, RNA sequencing was employed to profile the transcriptome of lncRNA and mRNA in lactating and non-‘lactating’ pigeon crops. We identified 7066 known and 17,085 novel lncRNAs. Of these lncRNAs, 6166 were differentially expressed. Among the 15,138 mRNAs detected, 6483 were differentially expressed, including many predominant genes with known functions in the milk production of mammals. A GO annotation analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in 55, 65, and 30 pathways of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, respectively. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 12 pathways (involving 544 genes), including the biosynthesis of amino acids, the propanoate metabolism, the carbon metabolism and the cell cycle, were significantly enriched. The results provide fundamental evidence for the better understanding of lncRNAs’ and differentially expressed genes’ (DEGs) regulatory role in the molecular pathways governing milk production in pigeon crops. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide investigation of the lncRNAs in pigeon crop associated with milk production. This study provided valuable resources for differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism of pigeon milk production.

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Murphy, J. Brendan, R. Damian Nance, J. Duncan Keppie, and Jaroslav Dostal. "Role of Avalonia in the development of tectonic paradigms." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470.12.

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AbstractThe geological evolution of Avalonia was fundamental to the first application of plate tectonic principles to the pre-Mesozoic world. Four tectonic phases have now been identified. The oldest phase (760–660 Ma) produced a series of oceanic arcs, some possibly underlain by thin slivers of Baltica crust, which accreted to the northern margin of Gondwana between 670 and 650 Ma. Their accretion to Gondwana may be geodynamically related to the break-up of Rodinia. After accretion, subduction zones stepped outboard, producing the main phase (640–570 Ma) of arc-related magmatism and basin formation that was coeval with the amalgamation of Gondwana. Arc magmatism terminated diachronously between 600 and 540 Ma by the propagation of a San Andreas style transform fault, followed by the Early Paleozoic platformal succession used by Wilson to define the eastern flank of the proto-Atlantic (Iapetus) Ocean. This implies the ocean outboard from the northern Gondwanan margin survived into the Cambrian. Avalonia is one of several terranes distributed obliquely with respect to the adjacent cratonic provinces of Gondwana and Baltica, implying that these terranes evolved on different cratonic basements. As a result, their ages and differing isotopic signatures can be used to reconstruct their respective locations along the ancient continental margin.

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Qu, Yunfei, Zhaozhong Qiu, Rui Wang, Liang Liu, Ye Tao, and Jianjun Zhou. "Upconversion luminescence properties and color tunability of 12CaO⋅7Al2O3:Ho3+/Yb3+ single crystal." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 07 (March 20, 2016): 1650083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916500834.

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Rear earth (RE) ions-doped 12CaO[Formula: see text]7Al2O3 single crystal has been successfully prepared by Czochralski method. Under 980 nm excitation, a strong green upconversion emission at 548 nm and a weaker red upconversion emission at 662 nm were observed. The green upconversion emission is corresponding to the transition of 5F 4/5S[Formula: see text]I8 of Ho[Formula: see text], and the red one is corresponding to the transition of 5F[Formula: see text]I8 of Ho[Formula: see text]. A much weaker NIR band at 762 nm is also observed, which corresponds to the 5F 4/5S[Formula: see text]I7 transition of Ho[Formula: see text]. The pump dependence and luminescence decay dynamics spectra show the green and red upconversion are populated by two-photon process, and the upconversion mechanisms are analyzed in detail. The color of the upconversion luminescence can be changed by simply adjusting the excitation power. RE ions-doped 12CaO[Formula: see text]7Al2O3 single crystal with these properties is expected to have broad application prospects in solid-state multicolor display and instrument integration. RE ions-doped 12CaO[Formula: see text]7Al2O3 single crystal has the ability to replace some traditional single crystals such as LiNbO3 in many applications.

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Prieto-Peña, D., F. Genre, S. Remuzgo Martinez, V. Pulito-Cueto, B. Atienza-Mateo, B. Sevilla, J. Llorca, et al. "AB0096 IGA VASCULITIS AND IGA NEPHROPATHY SHARE A SIMILAR IL17A ASSOCIATION PATTERN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1076.3–1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.766.

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Background:IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are inflammatory conditions that share pathogenic and molecular mechanisms [1] and may represent different outcomes of a continuous spectrum of disease [2]. Interleukin (IL)17A has been identified as a common genetic risk locus for several immune-mediated diseases [3, 4].Objectives:To determine whether IgAV and IgAN exhibit a different IL17A association pattern.Methods:Five IL17A tag polymorphisms (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024, rs2275913 and rs7747909) were genotyped in 388 Caucasian patients with IgAV, 99 patients with IgAN and 1,003 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls.Results:No statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and healthy controls and between patients with IgAN and healthy controls were observed when each IL17A genetic variant was analyzed independently (Table 1). Similarly, IgAV patients exhibited similar genotype and allele IL17A frequencies than those with IgAN (Table 1). Moreover, no genotype or allele differences between IgAV patients who developed nephritis and patients with IgAN were detected. Furthermore, haplotype frequencies were similar in patients with IgAV, IgAV and nephritis and those with IgAN.Table 1.Genotype and allele frequencies of IL17A gene in patients with IgA vasculitis, patients with IgA nephropathy and healthy controls.PolymorphismChangeData set1/11/22/212rs4711998G/AIgAV53.4 (207)38.9 (151)7.7 (30)72.8 (565)27.2 (211)IgAN49.0 (48)42.9 (42)8.2 (8)70.4 (138)29.6 (58)Controls52.7 (529)41.2 (413)6.1 (61)73.3 (1471)26.7 (535)rs8193036T/CIgAV57.0 (221)38.4 (149)4.6 (18)76.2 (591)23.8 (185)IgAN64.3 (63)31.6 (31)4.1 (4)80.1 (157)19.9 (39)Controls60.3 (605)35.2 (353)4.5 (45)77.9 (1563)22.1 (443)rs3819024A/GIgAV44.1 (171)43.3 (168)12.6 (49)65.7 (510)34.3 (266)IgAN39.4 (39)54.5 (54)6.1 (6)66.7 (132)33.3 (66)Controls45.6 (457)44.6 (447)9.9 (99)67.8 (1361)32.2 (645)rs2275913G/AIgAV44.6 (172)43.3 (167)12.2 (47)66.2 (511)33.8 (261)IgAN39.8 (39)53.1 (52)7.1 (7)66.3 (130)33.7 (66)Controls44.8 (449)44.2 (443)11.1 (111)66.8 (1341)33.2 (665)rs7747909G/AIgAV53.9 (209)39.4 (153)6.7 (26)73.6 (571)26.4 (205)IgAN41.1 (39)54.7 (52)4.2 (4)68.4 (130)31.6 (60)Controls53.0 (532)39.4 (395)7.6 (76)72.7 (1459)27.3 (547)Conclusion:Our results revealed that IgAV and IgAN share a similar IL17A association pattern.References:[1]N Engl J Med 2013;368:2402-14.[2]Am J Kidney Dis 1988;12:373-7.[3]Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1742-5.[4]Mediators Inflamm 2018;2018:1395823.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). DP-P is a recipient of a Río Hortega programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CM20/00006]; SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number RD16/0012/0009]; VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL [grant number PREVAL 18/01]; BA-M is a recipient of a `López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud; LL-G is supported by funds of IDIVAL [grant number INNVAL20/06]; RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CP16/00033].Disclosure of Interests:Diana Prieto-Peña: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, LUIS CAMINAL MONTERO: None declared, PAZ COLLADO: None declared, Antonio Fernandez-Nebro: None declared, Gisela Díaz-Cordoves: None declared, Secundino Cigarrán: None declared, Jesús Calviño: None declared, Carmen Cobelo: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, Diego de Argila: None declared, Esteban Rubio-Romero: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared

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Wani, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muzzafer Mohamad Mir, Afaq Ahmad Khan, Iqbal Baba, Showket Mir, Majid Rather, Shaheen Lone, and Akhter Raina. "Chance that matter or matter of chance: changing prevalence of fundic gland polyps and proton pump inhibitors." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i5.34418.

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Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are considered one of reasons for changing prevalence of gastric fundic gland polyps (FGP), not only in western world but trend is being seen in Asian countries as well. Aims and Objective: This study was designed to evaluate prevalence of FGP and to look into endoscopic and histological profile of these polyps in PPI users and non-PPI users. We also assessed background gastric mucosal histology in FGP patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 1800 cases. Medical records of patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in three gastroenterology centres between 2011 and 2019 were analysed at Noora super speciality Hospital, Kashmir; Northern India. Biopsy specimens of patients with FGP were reviewed by expert pathologists. PPI use was quantified as significant when Pantoprazole 40 mg per day or equivalent doses of other PPI was used four times or more per week for more than one year. Statistical Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. Results: FGP were most common, observed in 900 (50%) of all gastric polyp cases. PPI use one year and more was noted only in 360 (40%). FGP were mostly located in fundus 630 (70%), multiple in 840 (93.33%), with average size between 6 to 10 mm. On histology parietal cell hyperplasia, parietal cell protrusion and foveolar hyperplasia were seen in 666 (74%), 716(79.55%) and 254 (28.22%) cases respectively. Background gastric histology was normal in 543 (60.33%). Conclusions: FGP were most common gastric polyps in Northern India. We observed similar endoscopic and histological characters in FGP irrespective of whether cases were using PPI or not. Majority of cases had normal background gastric mucosal histology.

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Nazir, Muhammad, Muyassir Muyassir, and Syakur Syakur. "Pemetaan Kemasaman Tanan dan Analisis Kebutuhan Kapur di Kecamatan Keumala Kabupaten Pidie." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v2i1.2149.

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Abstrak. Kemasaman tanah merupakan salah satu sifat yang penting, sebab terdapat hubungan pH dengan ketersediaan unsur hara juga terdapat beberapa hubungan antara pH dengan sifat-sifat tanah. Untuk mendapatkan kemasaman tanah di lapangan diperlukan peta pengambilan sampel. Setelah mendapatkan peta kemasaman tanah diperlukan adanya analisis kebutuhan kapur sehingga memperoleh hasil yang baik untuk perubahan kemasaman tanah menjadi netral. Untuk menetralkannya diperlukan pengapuran tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran kemasaman tanah di Kecamatan Keumala sekaligus mengetahui kebutuhan kapur di lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Keumala Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini adalah metode grid yaitu dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada luas 1 km2 per titik sampel dengan menggunakan bor tanah dan menggunakan GPS untuk menuju ketitik koordinat sampel tanah yang telah ditentukan. Dalam metode ini, pengamatan dilakukan dalam pola teratur pada interval titik pengamatan yang berjarak sama dalam kedua arah. Hasil analisis pH tanah di Kecamatan Keumala terdiri atas tiga kategori yaitu agak masam dengan pH berkisar (5,6-6,5), netral dengan pH berkisar (6,6-7,5), dan agak alkalis dengan pH berkisar (7,6-8,5). Sebaran luas areal lahan berdasarkan nilai pH tanah adalah lahan dengan pH agak masam seluas 171,05 ha, pH netral seluas 551,88 ha dan pH agak alkalis seluas 4.162,94 ha. Tanah pada Kecamatan Keumala tidak membutuhkan kapur dikarenakan hasil pH tanah yang telah di uji di laboratorium didapatkan hasil, yaitu pH tanah yang ada di lahan tersebut adalah agak masam, netral dan agak alkalis, sedangkan yang mendominasi adalah pH agak alkalis. Hasil Al-dd tidak didapatkan pada saat uji di laboratorium tersebut. Mapping Soil Acidity and Analysis of Lime Requirement InDistrict of Pidie District Keumala Abstract. Soil acidity is one trait that is important, because there is a relationship of the pH with the availability of nutrient elements, there are some relationship between the pH with soil properties. To get the soil acidity in the field needed a map of sampling. After getting the map of soil acidity required the existence of a needs analysis of lime so as to obtain a good result for a change acidity the soil becomes neutral. Neutralization is required for liming the soil. This research aims to know the spread of soil acidity in district Keumala while knowing the needs of lime on agriculture land. This research was carried out in district of pidie regency keumala. This research is a method of the grid that is by sampling the soil at 1 km2 per sample point by using a drill ground and use the GPS to get to the point coordinates of the soil samples have been determined. In this method, the observations made in a regular pattern on the observation point of the interval is the same in both directions. The results of the analysis of the soil pH in Keumala consists of three categories. Somewhat Dour with the pH range (3.5-6.5), neutral with a pH range (6.6-7.5), and somewhat alkalis with pH ranges (7.6-8.5). The vast acreage of land distribution is based on the value soil pH is a land with a pH somewhat wry covering 171.05 ha, 551.88 ha area of neutral pH and pH is somewhat alkalis 4,162.94 ha. Land at distruct Keumala don't need lime because soil pH results that have been tested in the laboratory results are obtained, namely soil pH that is on the land is somewhat Dour, alkalis and rather neutral, whereas pH was somewhat dominating alkalis. The results of Al-dd is not obtained at the time of testing in the laboratory.

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Quispe Quispe, Zonia, and Yolanda Chinarro de Pun. "BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO Y OBJETIVOS DE VIDA, EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL SAN LUIS GONZAGA DE ICA, 2014." Revista Enfermeria la Vanguardia 3, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35563/revan.v3i2.242.

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Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el nivel de bienestar psicológico, y los objetivos de vida de los estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, que cursan estudios durante el ciclo 2014-II. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio, descriptivo, correlacional, transversal, con 132 estudiantes del I al VIII ciclo. Resultados: Existe relación estadística significativa entre: Bienestar Psicológico, con los objetivos de vida, pasar libre (r ,536 p ,032) recibirse de enfermero (r ,662 p, 005), y aprobar el ciclo (r, 764 p, 001). El nivel del bienestar psicológico en promedio, es bueno; 74% normal, 22,5% alto, y 3,5% es bajo. Los objetivos de vida más relevantes son los de corte académico tales como: Su deseo de recibirse o culminar la carrera 91%, aprobar el ciclo 95%, y pasar libres en todas las asignaturas 75%. En cuanto a la satisfacción con la vida, 64% se muestran satisfechos, 23% muy satisfechos, 7% totalmente satisfechos; 4% indecisos, y 2% están muy insatisfechos. Conclusiones: Fortalecer el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes a través de motivaciones a cargo de los docentes, las tutorías, armonización del clima laboral-académico, y de la asistencia social que debe prever la Universidad para los estudiantes. Se debe fomentar la práctica cotidiana de actividades deportivas y gimnasia, a través del currículo de estudios integral.

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Crimmins, Sarah, Cecilia Mo, Yomna Nassar, Jerome Kopelman, and Ozhan Turan. "Polyhydramnios or Excessive Fetal Growth Are Markers for Abnormal Perinatal Outcome in Euglycemic Pregnancies." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 02 (August 24, 2017): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606186.

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Objective This study aims to investigate the perinatal outcome of fetuses with polyhydramnios and/or accelerated growth among women with a normal oral glucose challenge test (oGCT). Methods Singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies with an oGCT(< 130 mg/dL) at 24 to 28 weeks, who subsequently demonstrate polyhydramnios (amniotic fluid index > 24 cm or maximum vertical pocket > 8 cm) and/or accelerated growth (abdominal circumference > 95th percentile) on two-third trimester examinations were studied. Maternal demographics, delivery, and neonatal information were recorded. Cases were compared with a reference group (normal oGCT with neither abnormal third-trimester growth nor polyhydramnios). Results A total of 282 pregnancies were in the study group, and 663 were in the reference group. Deliveries in the study group were at a higher risk for birth weight (BW)% > 90%, standard deviation, and postpartum hemorrhage when compared with the reference group (adjusted odds ratio: 2.3–5.6). Pregnancies complicated by both polyhydramnios and accelerated fetal growth were significantly more likely to result in a BW% > 90% (odds ratio [OR]: 18.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9–38.6) and PPH (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.4–7.6). Conclusion Pregnancies with normal oGCT that develop polyhydramnios and accelerated growth are at higher risk for maternal and neonatal complications. Isolated polyhydramnios without accelerated growth increases the risk for delivery complications but not neonatal morbidity.

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Agboli, E., S. C. K. Tay, C. Obirikorang, and E. Y. Aidoo. "Malaria and intestinal parasites in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a comparative study at the University Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana." Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 23, 2016): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v4i3.5.

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In sub-Sahara African countries, both malaria and intestinal helminth infections are endemic and co-infection commonly occurs. It is estimated that over a third of the world’s population, mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics are infected with parasitic helminths and Plasmodium species thus often leading to co-infections. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasites in a sample of 760 study participants comprising 380 pregnant women and 380 non-pregnant women attending the University Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Blood and stool samples were analyzed for malaria and intestinal parasites using Giemsa staining technique and direct wet mount method respectively. The overall prevalence of malaria infection, intestinal parasite infection and malaria-intestinal parasite co-infection was 73 (9.6%), 43 (5.6%) and 10 (1.3%) respectively. Malaria infection was higher in pregnant women (12.6%) compared to non-pregnant women (6.6%). Non-pregnant women recorded higher intestinal helminth infection (10%) than pregnant women (1.3%). No case of co-infection was recorded among the pregnant women. The study suggests a higher susceptibility to malaria infection when compared to their non-pregnant counterpart with an association between malaria parasite and intestinal helminths in non-pregnant women.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2015) 4(3), 31-35Keywords: Ante-natal, infection, personal hygiene, maternal screening, hospital

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Pool, José Adrián Cimé, Silvia F. Hernández Betancourt, and Salvador Medina Peralta. "Área de actividad de Heteromys gaumeri en una selva mediana subcaducifolia de Yucatán." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2002.6.1.103.

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Resumen. Se estudió el área de actividad (AA) de Heteromys gaumeri en una selva mediana subcaducifolia en el Rancho Hobonil, Tzucacab al sur del estado de Yucatán, México. Se trabajó con el 30 % (n = 78) de la población total (n = 270); 53 % fueron hembras y 47 %, machos. Las hembras permanecieron en el área de estudio en promedio 7.6 meses y los machos 6.6 meses. La permanencia entre sexos no mostró diferencias significativas (p > 0.05). Los machos presentaron mayor AA promedio (555 m2) que las hembras (465 m2). El AA de individuos reproductivos (540 m2) y no reproductivos (439 m2) fue similar para ambos sexos (p > 0.05). No se observó una correlación entre el AA y el peso corporal en ninguno de los sexos (p > 0.05 para ambos sexos). La distancia máxima recorrida (DMR) no fue influenciada por la interacción de los factores sexo y época (p > 0.05). El AA de los machos mostró un promedio de 86 % de sobreposición y las hembras de 75 %; sin embargo, no fue significativa (p > 0.05). El tamaño y la alta sobreposición del AA y la distribución de las hembras, sugiere que esta especie es polígama y su sistema de pareja promiscuo, con un alto grado de tolerancia social intra e intersexual.Palabras clave: Área de actividad, Heteromys gaumeri, Rodentia, selva mediana subcaducifolia, Yucatán.Abstract. The home range (HR) of Heteromys gaumeri was studied in a subdeciduous tropical rainforest located at Rancho Hobonil, Tzucacab, Yucatan, Mexico. Thirty percent (n = 78) of the total population (n = 270) were residents, being 53 % females and 47 % males. The mean was 7.6 months for females, and 6.6 months for males. Average HR was 555 m2 for males and 465 m2 for females. Nevertheless, males and females did not differ significantly in the size of their HR (p > 0.05). The reproductive condition of individuals did not influence their HR and movement patterns. For both sexes, reproductive individuals showed the same HR than non-reproductive individuals (p > 0.05). HR was not correlated with individual weight of males and females in this population (p > 0.05). Neither season (dry and wet) nor sex (male and female) influenced maximum distance moved (MDM) (p > 0.05). Males and females had HR that overlapped the HR of multiple females and males intrasexually (p > 0.05). Based on HR size, high degree of HR overlap and female distribution, we concluded that mating system of H. gaumeri in rainforest of Yucatan is probably promiscous with a high degree of intra and intersexual tolerance.Key words: Activity area, Heteromys gumeri, Rodentia, medium deciduous forest, Yucatán.

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Murcia R, MIguel A. "Dynamic of the litterfall in a successional gradient of high andean forest of Colombia." BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 17, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2019.3576.

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Se analizó la caída de hojarasca fina (CHF) en un gradiente sucesional de bosque altoandino, con modelos lineales mixtos, y con regresión lineal múltiple en relación con variables meteorológicas. En el matorral de 20 años de regeneración natural, el rastrojo de 25, el bosque secundario de 40, el bosque maduro de 50, los bosques maduros tardíos de 60 y 62, y el bosque nativo de 69, cayeron respectivamente ≈ 504, 526, 718, 865, 660, 578 y 746 g/m2/año de HF, en una tendencia no lineal. El recorrido del viento y la evaporación explicaron 58 % de la CHF en el matorral; el viento, la temperatura mínima del aire y la evaporación, 77 % en el rastrojo; el viento, el brillo solar y la humedad relativa 73% en el bosque secundario; la humedad relativa y el viento 45% en el bosque maduro; la evaporación, la temperatura mínima, la humedad relativa y el brillo solar 91% en el bosque maduro tardío entre 2010 y 2011, pero la temperatura máxima, la humedad relativa y el viento, 96 % entre 2012 y 2013; mientras que el bosque nativo de Monserrate (Bogotá DC) no se pudo modelar. La CHF crece sigmoideamente hasta los 50 años, pero desciende después, y sus oscilaciones dependerían menos de los factores meteorológicos a medida que la sucesión del zonorobioma altoandino avanza.Palabras clave. Sucesión ecológica, modelos mixtos, respiración edáfica, restauración ecológica, bosque altoandino, cuenca del río Pamplonita.

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Patrícia Tucholski, Ângela, Diego Lopes Raschelli, Rosana De Nogueira Morais, Ana Laura Angeli, Taís Marchand Moreira Rocha, and Neide Tanaka. "QUANTIDADE DE OÓCITOS OBTIDOS EM FÊMEAS CANINAS DE DIFERENTES FAIXAS ETÁRIAS EM DIESTRO E ANESTRO." Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 6, no. 3 (July 15, 2008): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cienciaanimal.v6i3.10586.

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O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar a influência da idade e da fase do ciclo estral sobre a contagemde oócitos em cadelas. Foram utilizadas 15 fêmeas entre 1 e 8 anos de idade, divididas em dois grupos:doadoras jovens – JvG (1 – 2,5 anos; n=6) e doadoras adultas – AdG (3 – 8 anos; n=9). Após a identificaçãoda fase do ciclo estral, os grupos foram subdivididos em JvGd – jovens em diestro, JvGa – jovens emanestro, AdGd –adultas em diestro e AdGa – adultas em anestro. A citologia vaginal foi realizada para aidentificação da fase do ciclo estral de cada indivíduo. Imediatamente após a ovariosalpingohisterectomia, osovários foram cuidadosamente dissecados e armazenados em frascos contendo PBS enriquecido com sulfatode estreptomicina e sal sódico de penicilina G. A seguir, foi feita a contagem de oócitos pelo método manualde picotagem. A citologia vaginal identificou que as fases do ciclo estral foram diestro e anestro, sendo que54% estavam na fase do diestro e 46% na fase de anestro. O JvG apresentou 12,6±9,4 oócitos e o AdG,7,1±6,5. Após a determinação da fase do ciclo estral das fêmeas jovens e adultas e, com isso, a identificaçãodos subgrupos, os valores encontrados foram: JvGd: 18,6±8,9 oócitos, JvGa: 6,6±5,6 oócitos, AdGd:10±7,6 oócitos e AdGa: 3,5±2,5 oócitos. Na classificação etária proposta na pesquisa, não houve diferençasignificativa em relação à capacidade de doação de oócitos em fêmeas jovens e adultas, bem como nãohouve influência das fases de diestro e anestro nesta capacidade.

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Stadler, M., M. Auinger, C. Anderwald, T. Kästenbauer, R. Kramar, C. Feinböck, K. Irsigler, F. Kronenberg, and R. Prager. "Long-Term Mortality and Incidence of Renal Dialysis and Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 3814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1058.

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Abstract Aims: We investigated long-term mortality and requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to study risk factors and late complication incidence of T1DM in a prospective cohort study at Lainz Hospital, Vienna, Austria. Methods: In 1983–1984, T1DM patients [n = 648; 47% females, 53% males; age, 30 ± 11 yr; T1DM duration, 15 ± 9 yr; body mass index, 24 ± 4 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 7.6 ± 1.6%] were stratified into HbA1c quartiles [1st, 5.9 ± 0.5% (range, 4.2–6.5%); 2nd, 6.9 ± 0.3% (6.6–7.4%); 3rd, 7.9 ± 0.3% (7.5–8.4%); and 4th, 9.6 ± 1.3% (8.5–14.8%)]. Twenty years later, both endpoints (death and RRT) were investigated by record linkage with national registries. Results: At baseline, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, and body mass index were comparable among the HbA1c quartiles, whereas albuminuria was more frequent in the 4th quartile (+15%; P < 0.03). After the 20-yr follow-up, 13.0% of the patients had died [rate, 708 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 557–859)], and 5.6% had received RRT [311 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 210–412)]. Patients with the highest HbA1c values (4th quartile) had a higher mortality rate and a greater incidence of RRT (P < 0.04). In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, age, male gender, increased HbA1c, albuminuria, and reduced creatinine clearance were predictors of mortality (P < 0.05). Predictors of RRT were albuminuria (P < 0.001), reduced creatinine clearance (P < 0.001), and belonging to the 4th HbA1c quartile (P = 0.06). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, mortality was linearly associated with poor glycemia, whereas RRT incidence appeared to rise at a HbA1c threshold of approximately 8.5%. Conclusion/Interpretation: In the Lainz T1DM cohort, 13.0% mortality and 5.6% RRT were directly associated with and more frequently found in poor glycemia, showing that good glycemic control is essential for the longevity and quality of life in T1DM.

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Cooke, Keegan S., Adrienne Augustic, Jeanne Sloan, Linh Tran, Tara L. Arvedson, Todd Juan, and Barbra J. Sasu. "Fully Human Anti-Hepcidin Antibodies Mobilize Iron and Treat Inflammatory Anemia in a Mouse Model." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.626.626.

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Abstract Abstract 626 Iron maldistribution has been associated with multiple diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and the anemia of inflammation (AI). Hepcidin is a 25aa peptide that is the central mediator of iron homeostasis. It is produced in response to inflammation and is implicated in limiting the response to erythropoietin (EPO) even in the presence of adequate body iron stores. To further explore the role of hepcidin in inflammatory anemia, a novel EPO-resistant model of AI was developed in mice and the effects of a high affinity fully human anti-hepcidin antibody (12B9m; 2pM affinity) were examined. Since antibody 12B9m had low affinity for mouse hepcidin (10-20nM), human hepcidin (hHepc) knock-in mice were created. Strains were generated with either the mouse hepc1 gene or both hepc1 and 2 genes replaced with the single hHepc gene (HAMP). To induce inflammation and establish AI, mice were injected intraperitoneally with heat-killed Brucella abortus (BA: 3×108 particles/mouse): a procedure adapted from an inflammatory fatigue model. BA treatment led to increased serum levels of IL-6 (3818 ± 548 pg/ml versus <10 pg/ml in controls, p<0.0001) and hepcidin (216 ± 9 ng/ml versus 99 ± 6 ng/ml, p<0.0001) by 6 hours. Hypoferremia reached a nadir 3 days after BA treatment (total serum iron was 201 ±10 mg/dL versus 370 ± 19 mg/dL in controls, p<0.0001). Mice developed anemia, with hemoglobin (Hb) reaching a nadir 10-14 days after BA and returning to normal by day 28. Treatment with EPO (300 mg/kg 8 days after BA) had no effect on hemoglobin by day 14 (7.6 ± 0.4 g/dL in controls and 7.6 ± 0.5 g/dL with EPO; NS). Treatment with antibody 12B9m (5mg/mouse; n=6) increased serum iron at day 3 (907 ± 47 mg/dL versus 201 ± 10 mg/dL, p<0.0001) in AI mice, and restored response to EPO (day 14 Hb of 10.0 ± 0.4 g/dL versus 7.6 ± 0.5 g/dL for control antibody treatment; p<0.001, n=5). Early iron-dependent red cell parameters such as reticulocyte MCV were also increased (71.5 ± 5.2 fL versus 56.7 ±1.9 fL; p<0.05, n=5/group), presumably due to the increased iron availability. In a larger study, 12B9m treatment alone (without EPO co-administration) led to a significant increase in Hb (10.0 ± 0.5 g/dL versus 8.0 ± 0.3 g/dL for control antibody treatment; p<0.001, n=14/group). Treatment with 12B9m did not affect inflammatory cytokine induction (e.g., IL-6 levels at 6 hours post-BA of 4996 ± 487 pg/ml versus 3818 ± 548 pg/ml in the control antibody group: NS), indicating that neutralization of hepcidin alone was sufficient to allow an effective response to EPO. These data indicated that antibodies which neutralize hepcidin may treat AI by increasing serum iron availability for erythropoiesis. The ability to manipulate iron uptake and redistribution in vivo may also offer promise in other diseases where iron maldistribution is involved. Disclosures: Cooke: Amgen: Employment. Augustic:Amgen: Employment. Sloan:Amgen: Employment. Tran:Amgen: Employment. Arvedson:Amgen: Employment. Juan:Amgen: Employment. Sasu:Amgen: Employment.

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An, Shuoyan, Chaomei Fan, Lirong Yan, Chi Cai, Yinjian Yang, Shanshan Zhai, Shihua Zhao, et al. "Comparison of Long-Term Outcome between Apical and Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." Cardiology 136, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448239.

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Objectives: As reported, diagnostic age, gender and presence of outflow tract obstruction have an impact on prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome between apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) and asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ASHCM) after the exclusion of these factors. Methods: A total of 540 patients (270 with ApHCM and 270 with ASHCM) identified in a consecutive single-center cohort were retrospectively studied. The two groups were matched by diagnostic age, gender and the presence of outflow tract obstruction. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes were compared. Results: The mean follow-up duration in ASHCM and ApHCM were 6.6 ± 5.5 and 7.6 ± 4.1 years, respectively. During follow-up, 16 patients experienced cardiovascular death in the ASHCM group, while 2 patients experienced cardiovascular death in the ApHCM group (6.3 vs. 0.7%, p < 0.01). Cardiovascular morbidity in the ASHCM and ApHCM groups were 39.9 and 18.5% (p < 0.01). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis late gadolinium enhancement (LGE; HR 4.81, 95% CI 1.28-78.0, p = 0.03) and unexplained syncope (HR 9.68, 95% CI 1.9-17.2, p < 0.01) were independent predictors for cardiovascular mortality. Unexplained syncope was independently associated with a higher risk for sudden cardiac death (HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.3, p = 0.02). Conclusions: After eliminating the interference of diagnostic age, gender and outflow tract obstruction, ASHCM represented a worse prognosis with a higher incidence of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity than ApHCM. LGE was a strong predictor for cardiovascular death.

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EL-MEZGUELDI, Mohammed, O'Neal COPELAND, Iain D. C. FRASER, Steven B. MARSTON, and Pia A. J. HUBER. "Characterization of the functional properties of smooth muscle caldesmon domain 4a: evidence for an independent inhibitory actin–tropomyosin binding domain." Biochemical Journal 332, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3320395.

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Recent analysis has shown the presence of three sequences in the C-terminal 170 amino acids of human caldesmon (domain 4) which are involved in actin binding and tropomyosin-dependent inhibition of actomyosin ATPase. Two are in domain 4b (amino acids 715–793) and one is in domain 4a (amino acids 636–714). In the present work we have compared recombinant peptides containing either domain 4a or domain 4b to address the question as to whether domain 4a alone has any inhibitory activity. We have produced three new recombinant fragments containing domain 4a: H10 [622–708], H12 [506–708] and H13 [622–726] and we have characterized their functional properties. All three fragments bound to actin and tropomyosin. Caldesmon, but not domain 4b, was able to displace the fragments H10, H12 and H13 from actin. Thus the isolated caldesmon domain 4a peptides bind to the same region on actin as in the whole molecule while domains 4a and 4b occupy different sites on the actin molecule. Unlike domain 4b, none of the domain 4a fragments inhibited the actomyosin ATPase in the absence of tropomyosin. However both domain 4a and 4b fragments displayed an inhibitory activity in the presence of tropomyosin. H13 and H12 were more potent inhibitors than H10. Ca2+-calmodulin bound to H13 and reversed the inhibitory activity of this fragment but did not bind to H10 and H12. We conclude that domain 4a can act as an independent inhibitory actin–tropomyosin binding domain, but its properties are very different from the extreme C-terminal domain 4b.

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Haverkamp, Heinz, Boris Böll, Dennis A. Eichenauer, Stephanie Sasse, Michael Fuchs, Peter Borchmann, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert, and Bastian von Tresckow. "Impact of Bleomycin and Vincristine Dose Reductions in Patients With Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With BEACOPP: An Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD12 and HD15 Trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 22 (August 1, 2015): 2430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.60.4264.

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Purpose The role of bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is unclear, and the impact of dose reductions of these drugs on outcome and tolerability has not been systematically assessed. Because both drugs can cause significant toxicity and are frequently discontinued, we performed an analysis of patients with HL treated with BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) in the German Hodgkin Study Group HD12 and HD15 trials. Patients and Methods Characteristics and outcome of patients were analyzed with respect to discontinuation of bleomycin and/or vincristine. Results With 3,309 patients with HL analyzed, bleomycin was discontinued in 17.6% and vincristine in 32.6%. A total of 157 patients (4.7%) received ≤ four cycles of bleomycin, and 218 (6.6%) received ≤ three cycles of vincristine; these were compared with patients receiving > four cycles of bleomycin or > three cycles of vincristine, respectively. After a median follow-up of 59 and 67 months for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively, there was no significant difference in PFS or OS in patients receiving ≤ or > four cycles of bleomycin (5-year PFS difference, 1.7%; 95% CI, −4.2% to 7.6%; 5-year OS difference, 1.5%; 95% CI, −2.6% to 5.5%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in patients receiving ≤ or > three cycles of vincristine (5-year PFS difference, −1.3%; 95% CI, −5.6% to 3.1%; 5-year OS difference, −0.1%; 95% CI, −3.1% to 2.9%). Conclusion Bleomycin and vincristine discontinuation because of drug-specific adverse effects does not affect the efficacy of treatment in this setting.

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Bhanot, Kunal, Navpreet Kaur, Lori Thein Brody, Jennifer Bridges, David C. Berry, and Joshua J. Ode. "Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During the Star Excursion Balance Test in Healthy Adults." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 7 (September 1, 2019): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0145.

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Context:Dynamic balance is a measure of core stability. Deficits in the dynamic balance have been related to injuries in the athletic populations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is suggested to measure and improve dynamic balance when used as a rehabilitative tool.Objective:To determine the electromyographic activity of the hip and the trunk muscles during the SEBT.Design:Descriptive.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty-two healthy adults (11 males and 11 females; 23.3 [3.8] y, 170.3 [7.6] cm, 67.8 [10.3] kg, and 15.1% [5.0%] body fat).Intervention:Surface electromyographic data were collected on 22 healthy adults of the erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominis bilaterally, and gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscle of the stance leg. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the interaction between the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) and the reach directions. The %MVIC for each muscle was compared across the 8 reach directions using the Sidak post hoc test withαat .05.Main Outcome Measures:%MVIC.Results:Significant differences were observed for all the 8 muscles. Highest electromyographic activity was found for the tested muscles in the following reach directions—ipsilateral external oblique (44.5% [38.4%]): anterolateral; contralateral external oblique (52.3% [40.8%]): medial; ipsilateral rectus abdominis (8% [6.6%]): anterior; contralateral rectus abdominis (8% [5.3%]): anteromedial; ipsilateral erector spinae (46.4% [20.2%]): posterolateral; contralateral erector spinae (33.5% [11.3%]): posteromedial; gluteus maximus (27.4% [11.7%]): posterior; and gluteus medius (54.6% [26.1%]): medial direction.Conclusions:Trunk and hip muscle activation was direction dependent during the SEBT. This information can be used during rehabilitation of the hip and the trunk muscles.

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Morris, Joan, Ieda M. Orioli, Adriana Benavides-Lara, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Maria Aurora Canessa Tapia, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, Boris Groisman, et al. "Prevalence of microcephaly: the Latin American Network of Congenital Malformations 2010–2017." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (November 2021): e001235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001235.

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ObjectiveThe Latin American Network of Congenital Malformations: ReLAMC was established in 2017 to provide accurate congenital anomaly surveillance. This study used data from ReLAMC registries to quantify the prevalence of microcephaly from 2010 to 2017 (before, during and after the Zika virus epidemic).DesignNine ReLAMC congenital anomaly registries provided case-level data or aggregate data for any live births, still births or terminations of pregnancy with microcephaly. Births to pregnant women infected with Zika virus first occurred in Brazil in 2015, and in the remaining registry areas in 2016 with the exception of Chile that did not experience Zika virus. Therefore the prevalence of microcephaly for 2010–2014 and individual years 2015, 2016 and 2017 was estimated using multilevel random effect Poisson models. Clinical classification and characteristics of the cases were compared pre and post Zika for all centres providing individual case-level data.ResultsThe prevalence of microcephaly for all registries excluding Brazil was 2.3 per 10 000 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.6) for 2010–2014 rising to 5.4 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.0) in 2016 and 5.9 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.6) in 2017. Brazil had a prevalence of 0.6 per 10 000 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6) in 2010–2014, rising to 5.8 (95% CI 5.6 to 6.1) in 2015, 8.0 (95% CI 7.6 to 8.3) in 2016 and then falling in 2017. Only 29 out of 687 cases of microcephaly were reported as congenital Zika syndrome in countries excluding Brazil.ConclusionsThe prevalence of microcephaly was influenced both by Zika causing congenital Zika syndrome and by increased reporting awareness.

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Kerr, Zachary Y., Gary B. Wilkerson, Shane V. Caswell, Dustin W. Currie, Lauren A. Pierpoint, Erin B. Wasserman, Sarah B. Knowles, Thomas P. Dompier, R. Dawn Comstock, and Stephen W. Marshall. "The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in United States High School Football (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Football (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 738–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-144-17.

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Context: The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of football injury data.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school football in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate football in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Online injury surveillance from football teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 43).Patients or Other Participants: Football players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.Results: The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 18 189 time-loss injuries during 4 539 636 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 22 766 time-loss injuries during 3 121 476 AEs. The injury rate was higher among collegiate than high school (7.29 versus 4.01/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.79, 1.86) athletes. Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (53.2%) and practices in college (60.9%). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate among both high school (IRR = 5.62; 95% CI = 5.46, 5.78) and collegiate (IRR = 6.59; 95% CI = 6.41, 6.76) players. Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and the shoulder/clavicle and were diagnosed as ligament sprains and muscle/tendon strains. However, concussion was a common injury during competitions among most positions.Conclusions: Injury rates were higher in college than in high school and higher for competitions than for practices. Concussion was a frequent injury sustained during competitions, which confirms the need to develop interventions to mitigate its incidence and severity.

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Teo, MinYuen, and Raymond S. McDermott. "Activity and survival benefit of second-line chemotherapy (2L-Ctx) in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (APC): Pooled analysis of the literature." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e15019-e15019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15019.

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e15019 Background: Many clinicians adopt a nihilistic approach to the management of APC. Delivery of 2L-Ctx is relatively uncommon and no recognized standard exists. We sought to examine the published activity of chemotherapy in the 2nd line setting, and the rate of 2L-Ctx delivery and its influence on reported overall survival in 1st line trials. Methods: 1st and 2L-Ctx randomized trials published between 2000 and 2012 were identified from Pubmed, and manuscripts were obtained for data extraction. Pooled weighted objective response rates (ORR) and disease control rates (DCR) were calculated. For 1st line studies, the percentage of patients who received 2L-Ctx were extracted and plotted against reported median overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS), defined as arithmetic difference between median OS and progression-free survival. Spearman correlation and linear regression were performed. Results: Sixty nine 2L Ctx studies (77 arms, n=2859) were identified. Majority received prior gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Pooled ORR was 6.6% (95% CI 5.6 – 7.6%) and DCR was 36.7% (34.5 – 38.0%). When only prospective studies were evaluated (42 studies, 48 arms, n=1546), ORR was 5.0% (3.8 – 6.2%) and DCR was 33.9% (31.0 – 36.9%). Exploratory analysis suggested that intensification of gemcitabine-based therapy (ORR: 10.0%; DCR: 54.7%) might be marginally more active than fluoropyrimidine (7.6%; 32.2%) or taxane based 2L-Ctx (5.2%; 33.6%). 28/52 identified 1st line studies (54%) reported the percentage of patients treated with second-line chemotherapy (11 phase II, 28 arms, n=1450; 17 phase III, 33 arms, n=5051). Percentage of 2L-Ctx delivery ranged from 14 – 68% and correlated with OS (r=.49 [.26 – .67], p<.01) and PPS (r=.57 [.36 – .72], p<.01). When phase II studies were excluded, correlation was improved for OS (r=.63 [.35 – .81], p<.01) and PPS (r=.79 [.59 – .89], p<.01). Percentage of locally advanced disease did not correlate with OS/PPS nor affect prior analysis. Conclusions: Whilst awaiting further advancement in the 1st line setting, increased delivery of 2L-Ctx to patients with APC and maintained performance status may offer a survival benefit.

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Smelser, Woodson, Vassili Glazyrine, Brian Barnes, Abigail Stanley, Misty Bechtel, Carrie Michel, Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein, Jill Hamilton-Reeves, and Eugene Lee. "The DEAL trial: A diet and exercise intervention in (pre)-diabetics during treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.473.

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473 Background: Patients with diabetes are at greater risk for bladder cancer (BC) as well as disease recurrence and progression. Even after controlling for clinical and pathologic risk factors, DM confers a 2x greater risk of recurrence and 9x greater risk of progression. We hypothesize that utilizing a carbohydrate restricted (CR) diet ( < 130 grams/day) to decrease the bioavailability of glucose in patients with DM and BC, a “Warburg-like” tumor, has potential therapeutic benefit. We designed a study to assess the feasibility of a CR diet in patients with (pre)diabetes and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer receiving BCG therapy. Methods: This is a pilot study of 5 (pre)diabetic patients (defined as HgbA1c > 5.7) with NMIBC receiving BCG and maintenance. A CR diet ( < 130 g/day) was supplied for the first 12 weeks through a meal delivery service. Patients received weekly coaching with a nutritionist for 6 weeks during induction BCG and at the 3 month surveillance cystoscopy with dietary and activity goals implemented. Patients had laboratory evaluation at baseline and at 3 month intervals. Patients tracked their diet. Two (1 weekday, 1 weekend day) unannounced 24 hour diet recalls were obtained to monitor compliance. Dietary compliance was defined as < 130 grams/day of carbohydrate intake. Results: Between 09/2016 and 05/2017, 5 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 66.2 years (Range 59-74). Three patients had diabetes and two patients had pre-diabetes. Two patients had CIS, 1 patient had high-grade Ta, and 2 patients had high-grade T1 disease. Mean baseline hemoglobin A1c was 7.6% (Range 5.9-11.8). Mean bodyweight and BMI were 92 kg (Range 66-105) and 28.2 (Range 23.1- 31.3) respectively. Regarding compliance, 4/5 (80%) patients completed dietary logs and weekly labs. Three patients (60%) achieved their goal of < 130 grams carbohydrates/day on 24-hour dietary recall. Average 3-month HbA1c improved from 7.6% to 6.6% (Range 5.6-7.9). Conclusions: Eighty percent of patients completed dietary logs for the first three months of the trial; 60% achieved compliance with the CR diet. These data demonstrate the feasibility of a dietary intervention utilizing CR in patients with high-grade NMIBC undergoing BCG. Clinical trial information: NCT02716623.

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Doležalová, Martina, Martin Ptáček, Luděk Stádník, and Jaromír Ducháček. "Effect of Different Thawing Methods on Bull’s Semen Characteristics." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 3 (2017): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765030815.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different thawing methods on bull’s semen characteristics. The semen was collected and processed from 8 bulls (Holstein, n = 4; Czech Fleckvieh, n = 4) kept in private Sire insemination Centre. Four different thawing methods were tested: control thawing methods (temperature = 38.5 °C, time = 30 seconds), slow thawing method (temperature = 30 °C, time = 50 seconds), moderate thawing method (temperature = 50 °C, time = 15 seconds), rapid thawing rate (temperature = 70 °C, time = 3 seconds). The percentage rate of total and progressive motile spermatozoa above head as well as movement characteristics of straight‑line velocity (VSL, µm/s) and linearity (LIN, %) were recorded using CASA system immediately after thawing and after 2 hrs. of heat incubation (±38 °C). Subsequently the differences between semen characteristics measured immediately after thawing and after 2 hours of incubation were calculated. The data were analyzed with SAS software. All the evaluated semen traits reached significantly lowest values in total motility (−8 % to −10.5 %, P < 0.05), progressive motility (−5.6 % to −10 %, P < 0.05) VSL (−3.9 µm/s to −9 µm/s, P < 0.05) and LIN (−1.5 % to −4.8 %, P < 0.05) in control thawing method immediately after the thawing compared to others. However, these differences were negligible after 2 hrs. of incubation. The highest values of progressive motility and movement characteristics after thawing and after 2 hours incubation were detected using slow thawing method. Moreover, the rapid method of thawing showed the significantly the lowest results in progressive motility (−3.6 % to −6.6 %), VSL (−3.2 to −5.6 µm/s) and LIN (−3 % to −4.6 %) characteristics assessed after 2 hrs. of incubation compared the others (P < 0.05). Control method of thawing was most stable during the incubation and showed the significantly lowest decrease of total motility (−7.6 % to −11.8 %, P < 0.05), progressive spermatozoa motility above head (−7.5 % to −9.8 %, P < 0.05) and VSL characteristics (−2.4 to −9.7 µm/s, P < 0.05) during incubation. Therefore, this thawing protocol can be recommended at this study based on the lowest spermatozoa characteristics decline during incubation for using artificial insemination.

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Hlubocky, Fay J., Greg A. Sachs, Eric R. Larson, Halla S. Nimeiri, David Cella, Kristen E. Wroblewski, Mark J. Ratain, Jeffery M. Peppercorn, and Christopher K. Daugherty. "Do Patients With Advanced Cancer Have the Ability to Make Informed Decisions for Participation in Phase I Clinical Trials?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 24 (August 20, 2018): 2483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.73.3592.

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Purpose Patients with advanced cancer (ACPs) participating in phase I clinical trials inadequately understand many elements of informed consent (IC); however, the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment has not been described. Patients and Methods ACPs enrolled onto phase I trials underwent neuropsychological assessment to evaluate cognitive functioning (CF) covering the following domains: memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test), executive functioning (Trail Making Test B), language (Boston Naming Test-Short Version and Controlled Oral Word Association Test), attention (Trail Making Test A and Wechsler Adult Intelligenence Scale-IV Digit Span), comprehension (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV), and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function). Structured interviews evaluated IC and decisional capacity. Psychological measures included distress (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). Results One hundred eighteen ACPs on phase I trials were evaluated, with CF ranging from mild impairment to superior performance. Only 45% of ACPs recalled physician disclosure of the phase I trial purpose. The 50% of ACPs who correctly identified the phase I research purpose had greater CF compared with ACPs who did not, as revealed by the mean T scores for memory (37.2 ± 5.6 v 32.5 ± 5.1, respectively; P = .001), attention (29 ± 2.7 v 26.9 ± 2.4, respectively; P < .001), visual attention (35.2 ± 6.6 v 31.5 ± 6.2, respectively; P = .001), and executive function (38.9 ± 7.5 v 34 ± 7.1, respectively; P < .001). Older ACPs (≥ 60 years) were less likely to recall physician disclosure of phase I purpose than younger ACPs (30% v 70%, respectively; P = .02) and had measurable deficits in total memory (34.2 ± 5.0 v 37.3 ± 5.6, respectively; P = .002), attention (24.5 ± 2.6 v 28 ± 2.8, respectively; P < .001), and executive function (32.8 ± 7.3 v 36.4 ± 7.6, respectively; P = .01). Older ACPs, compared with younger ACPs, also had greater depression scores (10.6 ± 9.2 v 8.1 ± 5.2, respectively; P = .03) and lower quality-of-life scores (152 ± 29.6 v 167 ± 20, respectively; P = .03). After adjustment by age, no psychological or neuropsychological variable was further significantly associated with likelihood of purpose identification. Conclusion CF seems to play a role in ACP recall and comprehension of IC for early-phase clinical trials, especially among older ACPs.

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Stenberg, Erik, Eva Rask, Eva Szabo, Ingmar Näslund, and Johan Ottosson. "The Effect of Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery on Insulin Resistance and Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c: a 2-Year Follow-up Study." Obesity Surgery 30, no. 9 (April 20, 2020): 3489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04599-w.

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Abstract Background Bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the effect on patients with prediabetes or even normal glucose tolerance deserves further consideration. Methods Cohort study including patients operated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (LRYGB) between November 2012 and June 2017 at the Örebro University Hospital (n = 813) with follow-up of 742 patients 2 years after surgery. Fasting insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed at baseline and 2 years after surgery for patients with overt type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or non-diabetes. Results Fasting insulin levels improved for all groups (diabetics baseline 25.5 mIU/L, IQR 17.5–38.0, 2 years 7.6 mIU/L, IQR 5.4–11.1, p < 0.001; prediabetics baseline 25.0 mIU/L, IQR 17.5–35.0, 2 years 6.7mIU/L, IQR 5.3–8.8, p < 0.001; non-diabetics baseline 20.0 mIU/L, IQR 14.0–30.0, 2 years 6.4 mIU/L, IQR 5.0–8.5, p < 0.001). HbA1c improved in all groups (diabetics baseline 56 mmol/mol, IQR 49–74 [7.3%, IQP 6.6–8.9], 2 years 38 mmol/mol, IQR 36–47 [5.6%, IQR 5.4–6.4], p < 0.001; prediabetics baseline 40 mmol/mol, IQR 39–42 [5.8%, IQR5.7–6.0], 2 years 36 mmol/mol, IQR 34–38 [5.5%, IQR 5.3–5.6], p < 0.001; non-diabetics baseline 35 mmol/mol, IQR 33–37 [5.4%, IQR 5.2–5.5]; 2 years 34 mmol/mol, IQR 31–36 [5.3%, IQR 5.0–5.4], p < 0.001). HOMA-IR improved in all groups (diabetics baseline 9.3 mmol/mol, IQR 5.4–12.9, 2 years 1.9 mmol/mol, IQR 1.4–2.7, p < 0.001; prediabetics baseline 7.0 mmol/mol, IQR 4.3–9.9, 2 years 1.6 mmol/mol, IQR 1.2–2.1, p < 0.001; non-diabetics 4.9 mmol/mol, IQR 3.4–7.3, 2 years 1.4 mmol/mol, IQR 1.1–1.9, p < 0.001). Conclusion Insulin homeostasis and glucometabolic control improve in all patients after LRYGB, not only in diabetics but also in prediabetics and non-diabetic obese patients, and this improvement is sustained 2 years after surgery.

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Nicolson, Garth L., Robert Settineri, and Rita Ellithorpe. "Glycophospholipid Formulation with NADH and CoQ10 Significantly Reduces Intractable Fatigue in Western Blot-Positive ‘Chronic Lyme Disease’ Patients: Preliminary Report." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2, no. 3 (March 28, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i3.100.

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Background: An open label 8-week preliminary study was conducted in a small number of patients to determine if a combination oral supplement containing a mixture of phosphoglycolipids, coenzyme Q10 and microencapsulated NADH and other nutrients could affect fatigue levels in long-term, Western blot-positive, multi-symptom ‘chronic Lyme disease’ patients (also called ‘post-treatment Lyme disease’ or ‘post Lyme syndrome’) with intractable fatigue. Methods: The subjects in this study were 6 males (mean age = 45.1 ± 12.4 years) and 10 females (mean age = 54.6 ± 7.4 years) with ‘chronic Lyme disease’ (determined by multiple symptoms and positive Western blot analysis) that had been symptomatic with chronic fatigue for an average of 12.7 ± 6.6 years. They had been seen by multiple physicians (13.3 ± 7.6) and had used many other remedies, supplements and drugs (14.4 ± 7.4) without fatigue relief. Fatigue was monitored at 0, 7, 30 and 60 days using a validated instrument, the Piper Fatigue Scale.Results: Patients in this preliminary study responded to the combination test supplement, showing a 26% reduction in overall fatigue by the end of the 8-week trial (p< 0.0003). Analysis of subcategories of fatigue indicated that there were significant improvements in the ability to complete tasks and activities as well as significant improvements in mood and cognitive abilities. Regression analysis of the data indicated that reductions in fatigue were consistent and occurred with a high degree of confidence (R2 = 0.998). Conclusions: The combination supplement was a safe and effective method to significantly reduce intractable fatigue in long-term patients with Western blot-positive ‘chronic Lyme disease.’Keywords: Lyme disease, Lipid Replacement Therapy, NT Factor, mitochondria, chronic fatigue, NADH, coenzyme Q10

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Stebbing, Justin, Yauheni Valerievich Baranau, Valery Baryash, Alexey Manikhas, Vladimir Moiseyenko, Giorgi Dzagnidze, Edvard Javrid, et al. "Double-blind, randomized phase III study to compare the efficacy and safety of CT-P6, trastuzumab biosimilar candidate versus trastuzumab as neoadjuvant treatment in HER2 positive early breast cancer (EBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.510.

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510 Background: CT-P6 (C) is a proposed biosimilar to trastuzumab. This trial (NCT02162667) evaluated the similarity of C and trastuzumab in efficacy and safety for HER2+ EBC. Methods: 549 patients with HER2+ EBC were randomized to receive C (n=271) or trastuzumab (n=278) in combination with docetaxel (Cycles 1-4) and 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (Cycles 5-8). C or trastuzumab was administered at 8 mg/kg (Cycle 1 only) followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate at surgery. Secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), PK, PD and safety. After surgery, patients received adjuvant C or trastuzumab to complete a total of 1-year treatment. Results: The pCR rate was 46.8% for C and 50.4% for trastuzumab. The 95% CIs for the risk ratio estimate were within the equivalence margin (0.74, 1.35) in PPS and ITT analyses. Other efficacy endpoints were similar between C and trastuzumab. The proportion of patients with at least 1 treatment-emergent SAE was 6.6% for C and 7.6% for trastuzumab. Only 1 patient in each group withdrew treatment due to significant LVEF decrease. Infusion-related reaction was reported for 8.5% of patients in C and 9.0% of patients in trastuzumab. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the similarity of efficacy in terms of pCR between CT-P6 and trastuzumab in EBC patients. Secondary efficacy endpoints also supported the similarity between CT-P6 and trastuzumab. CT-P6 was well tolerated with a similar safety profile to that of trastuzumab during the neoadjuvant period. Clinical trial information: NCT02162667. [Table: see text]

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Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Eric Van Cutsem, Shirin Khambata-Ford, Robert J. Mayer, Philip Gold, Philip Stella, Barry Mirtsching, et al. "Multicenter Phase II and Translational Study of Cetuximab in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma Refractory to Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, and Fluoropyrimidines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 30 (October 20, 2006): 4914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.7595.

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Purpose This multicenter study evaluated the antitumor activity of cetuximab, an immunoglobulin G1 antibody directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) refractory to irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine. It also evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, immunokinetics, and biologic determinants of activity. Patients and Methods Patients with metastatic CRC, whose tumors demonstrated EGFR immunostaining and were refractory to irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and fluoropyrimidines, were treated with cetuximab at a loading dose of 400 mg/m2 followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly. An independent review committee (IRC) reviewed responses. Blood was collected for cetuximab pharmacokinetics and to detect antibodies to cetuximab. EGFR gene sequencing of the tyrosine kinase domain and gene copy number assessments were performed. Results The response rates in 346 patients, as determined by the investigators and IRC, were 12.4% (95% CI, 9.1 to 16.4) and 11.6% (95% CI, 8.4 to 16.4). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and survival times were 1.4 months (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.1) and 6.6 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 7.6), respectively. An acneiform rash occurred in 82.9% of patients; grade 3 rash was observed in 4.9%. Response and survival related strongly to the severity of the rash. In contrast, clinical benefit did not relate to EGFR immunostaining. EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations were not identified, and EGFR gene copy number did not relate to response or PFS, but to survival (P = .03). Conclusion Cetuximab is active and well tolerated in metastatic CRC refractory to irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and fluoropyrimidines. The severity of rash was related to efficacy. Neither EGFR kinase domain mutations nor EGFR gene amplification appear to be essential for response to cetuximab in this setting.

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Hellenkamp, Kristian, Piotr Pruszczyk, David Jiménez, Anna Wyzgał, Deisy Barrios, Michał Ciurzyński, Raquel Morillo, et al. "Prognostic impact of copeptin in pulmonary embolism: a multicentre validation study." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 4 (March 29, 2018): 1702037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02037-2017.

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To externally validate the prognostic impact of copeptin, either alone or integrated in risk stratification models, in pulmonary embolism (PE), we performed a post hoc analysis of 843 normotensive PE patients prospectively included in three European cohorts.Within the first 30 days, 21 patients (2.5%, 95% CI 1.5–3.8) had an adverse outcome and 12 (1.4%, 95% CI 0.7–2.5) died due to PE. Patients with copeptin ≥24 pmol·L−1 had a 6.3-fold increased risk for an adverse outcome (95% CI 2.6–15.5, p<0.001) and a 7.6-fold increased risk for PE-related death (95% CI 2.3–25.6, p=0.001). Risk classification according to the 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline algorithm identified 248 intermediate-high-risk patients (29.4%) with 5.6% (95% CI 3.1–9.3) at risk of adverse outcomes. A stepwise biomarker-based risk assessment strategy (based on high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin) identified 123 intermediate-high-risk patients (14.6%) with 8.9% (95% CI 4.5–15.4) at risk of adverse outcomes. The identification of patients at higher risk was even better when copeptin was measured on top of the 2014 ESC algorithm in intermediate-high-risk patients (adverse outcome OR 11.1, 95% CI 4.6–27.1, p<0.001; and PE-related death OR 13.5, 95% CI 4.2–43.6, p<0.001; highest risk group versus all other risk groups). This identified 85 patients (10.1%) with 12.9% (95% CI 6.6–22.0) at risk of adverse outcomes and 8.2% (95% CI 3.4–16.2) at risk of PE-related deaths.Copeptin improves risk stratification of normotensive PE patients, especially when identifying patients with an increased risk of an adverse outcome.

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Islam, Nasreen, Mohammad Delwar Hossain, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Jamal Uddin Ahmed, Muhammad Kamrul Amin, and Farhana Afroz. "Usefulness of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis." BIRDEM Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v11i2.53132.

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Background: Diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is often delayed because of diverse clinical presentations and difficulties in establishing the bacteriological diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate usefulness of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary TB in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2013 to 2016 as a part of Bangladesh Diabetic Somiti (BADAS)-USAID-TB Care-II project. Representative samples from 590 clinically suspected extra-pulmonary TB cases were tested for GeneXpert MTB/RIF along with conventional methods. Results: Total patients were 590 [mean age 43.9 (range 1-95) years] with male predominance (326, 55.3%). Most (513, 86.9%) patients were diabetic and new (574, 97.3%) TB suspects; while 16 (2.7%) patients had past history of TB. Common samples were pleural fluid (125, 21.2%), urine (110, 18.6%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (91, 15.4%), pus (82, 13.9%), tracheal aspirates (57, 9.7%), ascitic fluid (45, 7.6%), gastric lavage (31, 5.3%), broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) (18, 3.1%), lymph node aspirates (11, 1.9%) and synovial fluid (8, 1.4%). Among 590 samples, 68 (11.5%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnostic yield was common for lymph nodes (4/7, 57.1%), pus (25/82, 30.5%), BAL (4/18, 22.2%), tracheal aspirates (8/57, 14.0%), urine (7/110, 6.4%), CSF (6/91, 6.6%) and pleural fluid (7/125, 5.6%). Of the 68 GeneXpert MTB/RIF positive samples, 52 (76.1%) were rifampicin sensitive, 16 (23.9%) showed intermediate sensitivity and none of the samples was resistant to rifampicin. Conclusions: GeneXpert MTB/RIF appeared as useful tool for diagnosing extra-pulmonary TB. Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 121-124

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Walz, Lars, Gian M. Salzmann, Thomas Fabbro, Stefan Eichhorn, and Andreas B. Imhoff. "The Anatomic Reconstruction of Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations Using 2 TightRope Devices." American Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 12 (September 2, 2008): 2398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508322524.

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Background For the reconstruction of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, several operative procedures have been described; however, the anatomic reconstruction of both coracoclavicular ligaments has rarely been reported. Purpose The aim of this biomechanical study is to describe a new procedure for anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Materials and Methods Forty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested. Cyclic loading and a load-to-failure protocol was performed in vertical (native, n = 10; reconstructed, n = 10) and anterior directions (native, n = 10; reconstructed, n = 10) on 20 AC joints and repeated after anatomic reconstruction. Reconstruction of conoid and trapezoid ligaments was achieved by 2 TightRope devices (Arthrex, Naples, Florida). Dynamic, cyclic, and static loading until failure in vertical (n = 5) and horizontal (n = 5) directions were tested in native as well as reconstructed joints in a standardized setting. Results The native coracoclavicular ligaments in static load for vertical force measured 598 N (range, 409–687), elongation 10 mm (range, 6–14), and stiffness 99 N/mm (range, 67–130); static load for anterior force was 338 N (range, 186–561), elongation 4 mm (range, 3–7), and stiffness 140 N/mm (range, 70–210). The mean maximum static load until failure in reconstruction for vertical force was 982 N (range, 584–1330) ( P = .001), elongation 4 mm (range, 3–6) ( P < .001), and stiffness 80 N/mm (range, 66.6–105) ( P = .091); and for anterior static force 627 N (range, 364–973) ( P < .001), elongation 6.5 mm (range, 4–10) ( P = .023), and stiffness 78 N/mm (range, 46–120) ( P = .009). During dynamic testing of the native coracoclavicular ligaments, the mean amount of repetitions (100 repetitions per stage, stage 0–100 N, 100–200 N, 200–300 N, etc, and a frequency of 1.5 Hz) in native vertical direction was 593 repetitions (range, 426–683) and an average of 552 N (range, 452–683) load until failure. In vertical reconstructed testing, there were 742 repetitions (range, 488–893) ( P = .222; with a load until failure of 768 N (range, 486–900) ( P = .095). In the anterior direction load, the native ligament failed after an average of 365 repetitions (range, 330–475) and an average load of 360 N (range, 307–411), while reconstructed joints ended in 549 repetitions (range, 498–566) (P = .008J with a load until failure of 547 N (range, 490–585) ( P = .008). In all testing procedures, a preload of 5 N was performed. Conclusion The anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint using TightRope is a stable and functional anatomic reconstruction procedure. The reconstruction technique led to favorable in vitro results with equal or even higher forces than native ligaments. Clinical Relevance Through anatomic repair, stable function of the AC joint can be achieved in an anatomic manner.

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Buisson, A., M. Nachury, M. Reymond, C. Yzet, P. Wils, L. Payen, L. Manlay, B. Pereira, and M. Fumery. "P400 Evolution of clinical and pharmacological parameters after switching from intra-venous to subcutaneous infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the REMSWITCH study." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i393—i394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.527.

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Abstract Background Owing to similar efficacy, switching from intravenous (IV) to subcutaneous (SC) infliximab (IFX) is an attractive option, but the feasibility of switching patients with intensified IFX therapy remains unknown. We assessed the clinical and pharmacological evolution after switching from IV to SC IFX in IBD patients to evaluate the feasibility and to determine the equivalence between IV and SC doses. Methods All IBD patients in clinical remission (CDAI <, 150 or partial Mayo score ≤, 2) were consecutively included in, 3 IBD centers and were switched to SC IFX, 120mg/2 weeks (wk) (regardless of IV dose) at the theoretical day of IV infusion (visit, 0 = V0) and were followed every, 4 to, 8 weeks according to the initial IV regimen for, 6 months. Results Among, 246 screened patients, 65 (26.4%) were not eligible (no clinical remission or physician’s decision), and, 71.8% (130/181) accepted to switch to SC IFX (Crohn’s disease = 73,1%, concomitant immunosuppressant = 25.4%, median faecal calprotectin = 35 µg/g [16–104])., 43.1% of the, 130 patients received, 5mg/kg/8 wk. In, 130 patients, clinical relapse leading to therapeutic escalation was observed in, 11.1% including, 4.0%, 8.6%, 11.1% and, 40.0% in patients treated with, 5mg/kg/8wk, 10 mg/kg/8wk, 10mg/kg/6 wk and, 10mg/kg/4 wk, respectively. Dose increase (240 mg/2 wk) induced clinical remission in, 92.3% of relapsers. Infliximab trough levels (TL) were significantly higher after switching from IV to SC IFX:, 9.8 ±6.4 vs, 14.4 ±5.7 (p<0.0001). TL increased in patients receiving, 5 mg/kg/8 wk (6.3 ±, 3.4 vs, 14.7 ±5.7; p<0.0001) or, 10 mg/kg/8 wk (8.4 ±5.6 vs, 13.7 ±6.6; p=0.001) but remained stable in those treated with, 10 mg/kg/6 wk (11.1 ±7.6 vs, 13.1 ±5.1; p=0.31) or, 10 mg/kg/4 wk (17.8 ±4.2 vs, 15.8 ±4.6; p=0.12) (Figure, 1). Infliximab TL remained stable (variation V1-V0 < ±, 1) in, 4.3%, 15.0 %, 33.3 % and, 50.0 % of the patients with the following IV doses:, 5 mg/kg/8 wk, 10 mg/kg/8 wk, 10 mg/kg/6 wk and, 10 mg/kg/4 wk, respectively (p=0.003). No patient developed anti-IFX antibodies. TL before the switch (8.4 ±5.6 for non-relapsers vs, 12.0 ±7.2 for relapsers; p=0.12) and TL after the switch (14.5 ±5.6 vs, 13.6 ±5.6; p=0.63) were not significantly associated with the risk of relapse. In contrast, the risk of relapse was higher in patients with stable or decreasing TL after the switch compared to those with increased TL (31.8% vs, 7.1%; p=0.024). The type of IBD and concomitant immunosuppressant were not associated with the risk of relapse. Patients’ acceptability was better with SC injections compared to IV infusions (10pts-acceptability numerical scale = 8.7 ±1.6 vs, 6.8 ±0.9; p<0.0001). Conclusion Switching from IV to SC IFX is feasible and well-accepted leading to a low risk of relapse in patients with IBD.

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Bhattacharya, A. N., S. Al-Mutairi, A. Hashimi, and S. Economides. "Energy and protein utilization of lucerne hay and barley grain by yearling camel calves." Animal Science 47, no. 3 (December 1988): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003639.

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ABSTRACTTwo trials were conducted with eight yearling camels with an average intial body weight of 300 kg, to evaluate protein and energy values of lucerne hay and barley grains. In each trial, eight animals were randomly allotted to two different dietary treatments of coarsely ground lucerne hay or lucerne hay + barley grain (50:50) in such a way that two animals in each of the two blocks received the same ration. Each trial consisted of a 10-day preliminary period followed by a 7-day collection period during which total urine and faeces collections were made, and samples were processed and composited for later analysis.All animals consumed daily an average of about 5 kg food divided in two equal meals. The apparent digestibility coefficients for organic matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fibre and cellulose of the lucerne hay ration improved respectively from 0·615, 0·662, 0·455 and 0·555 to 0·736, 0·655, 0·547 and 0·589, as a result of incorporating 500 g/kg barley grain in place of hay in the diet. Even though there was no difference in the proportion of nitrogen retained relative to intake, the proportion of nitrogen retained relative to that absorbed was higher (P < 0·05) in the lucerne + barley group (0·769) than in the lucerne-only group (0·747). On a dry-matter basis, the feeding value in camels of digestible protein (g/kg), total digestible nutrients (g/kg), digestible energy (MJ/kg), metabolizable energy (MJ/kg), net energy maintenance (MJ/kg), net energy lactation (MJ/kg) and net energy gain (MJ/kg) were respectively 118, 552, 10·0, 8·4, 5·4, 5·0 and 2·1 for lucerne hay and 80, 800, 14·6, 12·1, 8·4, 8·8 and 5·0 for barley grain (calculated by difference).

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Akano, Kazeem, Bayo Fatunmbi, Godwin Ntadom, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Temitope Aderoyeje, Adewale Bakre, Omobolaji T. Alebiosu, et al. "Clinical illness and outcomes in Nigerian children with persistent early-appearing anaemia following initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria." Parasite 26 (2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019058.

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In non-anaemic children with malaria, early-appearing anaemia (EAA) is common following artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) and it may become persistent (PEAA). The factors contributing to and kinetics of resolution of the deficit in haematocrit from baseline (DIHFB) characteristic of ACTs-related PEAA were evaluated in 540 consecutive children with malaria treated with artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Asymptomatic PEAA occurred in 62 children. In a multiple logistic regression model, a duration of illness ≤3 days before presentation, haematocrit <35% before and <25% one day after treatment initiation, drug attributable fall in haematocrit ≥6%, and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine independently predicted PEAA. Overall, mean DIHFB was 5.7% (95% CI 4.8–6.6) 7 days after treatment initiation and was similar for all treatments. Time to 90% reduction in DIHFB was significantly longer in artemether-lumefantrine-treated children compared with other treatments. In a one compartment model, declines in DIHFB were monoexponential with overall mean estimated half-time of 3.9 days (95% CI 2.6–5.1), Cmax of 7.6% (95% CI 6.7–8.4), and Vd of 0.17 L/kg (95% CI 0.04–0.95). In Bland-Altman analyses, overall mean anaemia recovery time (AnRT) of 17.4 days (95% CI 15.5–19.4) showed insignificant bias with 4, 5 or 6 multiples of half-time of DIHFB. Ten children after recovery from PEAA progressed to late-appearing anaemia (LAA). Progression was associated with female gender and artesunate-amodiaquine treatment. Asymptomatic PEAA is common following ACTs. PEAA or its progression to LAA may have implications for case and community management of anaemia and for anaemia control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa where ACTs have become first-line antimalarials. Trial registration: Pan Africa Clinical Trial Registration PACTR201709002064150, 1 March 2017 http://www.pactr.org

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