Добірка наукової літератури з теми "660.294 82"

Asoke Basu and Saibal Datta, Indigenous Roots of Modern Science in Colonial Bengal: From Canon to Criticism (c. 1750–1950). Kolkata: The Asiatic Society, 2019, 294 pp., ₹650 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-81574-82-9.

Tietotekniikasta on tullut keskeinen osa nykyisiä työympäristöjä, myös sosiaalihuollossa ja sosiaalityössä. Sosiaalihuollon atk-pohjaisia järjestelmiä oli jo 1990-luvun lopulla käytössä lähes kaikissa kunnissa. Aiemmin julkisen ja yksityisen sosiaalihuollon asiakastiedon tietojärjestelmien tuotemerkkejä on selvitetty organisaatiokyselyissä valtakunnallisesti vuosina 2001, 2011, 2014 ja 2017. Organisaatiokyselyjen ongelmana on ollut merkittävä (yli 50 %) vastaajakato. Selvitimme kuntien sosiaalitoimissa pääasiallisesti käytössä olleiden sähköisten asiakastietojärjestelmien tuotemerkit Suomen kaikissa kunnissa vuonna 2017. Erittäin keskittyneillä kuntien sosiaalitoimen sähköisten asiakastietojärjestelmien markkinoilla esiintyi 3 valmistajan 5 tuotemerkkiä 294 kunnassa vuonna 2017, kun sähköistä asiakastietojärjestelmää ei käytetty 17 kunnassa. Kuntien sosiaalitoimien sähköisten asiakastietojärjestelmien markkinoita hallitsivat Tieto ja CGI, joiden yhteenlaskettu markkinaosuus oli 90 % kuntien ja 95 % asukaslukujen perusteella. Tiedon Effica Sosiaalihuollon ja CGI:n Pro Consona Sosiaalitoimen markkinaosuudet yhteensä olivat 73–82 % kuntien tai asukaslukujen perusteella. Tuotemerkeistä ATJ/VATJ oli käytössä Helsingissä ja Vantaalla, joiden keskiväestö oli 427 000 (väestö 854 522 jaettuna kuntien lukumäärällä 2). Markkinajohtajista Effica oli käytössä suuremmissa (27 600 keskiväestö, 87 kuntaa) ja Pro Consona pienemmissä (9 600 keskiväestö, 170 kuntaa) kunnissa. Kuntien sosiaalitoimet käyttivät pääasiassa vain yhtä sosiaalihuollon sähköistä asiakastietojärjestelmää viiden, kahta 13:n ja 3–4:ää kolmen sairaanhoitopiirin alueella.

ABSTRACT A randomized, prospective, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter study investigated the efficacy and safety of 10 days of oral therapy with grepafloxacin at 400 mg once daily, grepafloxacin at 600 mg once daily, or ciprofloxacin at 500 mg twice daily in 624 patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. At the end of treatment, clinical success (cure or improvement) was achieved for 93% (140 of 151), 88% (137 of 156), and 91% (145 of 160) of patients in the groups receiving grepafloxacin at 400 mg, grepafloxacin at 600 mg, and ciprofloxacin, respectively (clinically evaluable population). At follow-up (14 to 28 days posttreatment), the clinical success rates were 87% (124 of 143), 81% (122 of 151), and 80% (123 of 154) in the groups receiving grepafloxacin at 400 mg and 600 mg and ciprofloxacin, respectively. A total of 379 pathogens were isolated from 290 patients, with the most common isolates being Moraxella catarrhalis(21%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Haemophilus influenzae (18%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae(7%). For the evaluable population, successful bacteriologic response was obtained at the end of treatment for 96% (92 of 96), 98% (87 of 89), and 92% (82 of 90) of patients receiving grepafloxacin at 400 mg, grepafloxacin at 600 mg, and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and was maintained in 86% (82 of 95), 88% (78 of 89), and 82% (69 of 84) of patients, respectively, at follow-up. All pretreatment S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to grepafloxacin, but two strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All treatments were well tolerated, with the most frequently reported drug-related adverse events being nausea, taste perversion, and headache. All drug-related adverse events in the grepafloxacin groups were mild or moderate in severity. This study demonstrates that 10-day courses of grepafloxacin given at 400 or 600 mg once daily were as effective, clinically and bacteriologically, as ciprofloxacin given at 500 mg twice daily for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) control is hindered by absence of rapid tests to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and detect isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance. We evaluated the accuracy of the BD MAX multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB assay (BD MAX) in South Africa, Uganda, India, and Peru. Methods Outpatient adults with signs/symptoms of pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled. Sputum smear microscopy and BD MAX were performed on a single raw sputum, which was then processed for culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), BD MAX, and Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert). Results 1053 participants with presumptive TB were enrolled (47% female; 32% with human immunodeficiency virus). In patients with confirmed TB, BD MAX sensitivity was 93% (262/282 [95% CI, 89–95%]); specificity was 97% (593/610 [96–98%]) among participants with negative cultures on raw sputa. BD MAX sensitivity was 100% (175/175 [98–100%]) for smear-positive samples (fluorescence microscopy), and 81% (87/107 [73–88%]) in smear-negative samples. Among participants with both BD MAX and Xpert, sensitivity was 91% (249/274 [87–94%]) for BD MAX and 90% (246/274 [86–93%]) for Xpert on processed sputa. Sensitivity and specificity for RIF resistance compared with phenotypic DST were 90% (9/10 [60–98%]) and 95% (211/222 [91–97%]), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of INH resistance were 82% (22/27 [63–92%]) and 100% (205/205 [98–100%]), respectively. Conclusions The BD MAX MDR-TB assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of MTB and RIF and INH drug resistance and may be an important tool for rapid detection of TB and MDR-TB globally.

This study examined the adequacy and consistency of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory using an Arabic version of the BDI-II developed by Ghareeb (2000). Coefficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, U.A. Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Morocco (n = 600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706, respectively). Values of alpha ranged between .82-.93. The inventory seems viable in the Arabic context, its use in cross-cultural research may be explored.

The geotechnical documentation constitutes the quality verification at the requirement of resistance and stability of the foundation lands and earth masses and includes technical information about the land location and morphological data, classification in the geotechnical category, investigation of the foundation land, lithology and physical-mechanical characteristics of the land and the foundation conditions, obtained by performing a geotechnical drilling and dynamic penetration tests and the analysis of stratification, granulometry and physical-mechanical characteristics. The ground is flat and good foundation on 0.0-6.0 m depth, the conventional pressure is 170 kPa for Df = 0.8 m and B = 0.6 m and respectively 264 kPa for Df = 4.0 m and B = 2.0 m being recommended insulated foundations or insulated foundations with balancing beams, the terrain presents a low geotechnical risk and a degree of seismicity 82

Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a serious threat to cucurbit fruit and seed production worldwide. In recent years, the BFB has spread to many areas of China, mainly via the inadvertent distribution of contaminated commercial seeds. To assess the prevalence of seedborne A. citrulli in commercial watermelon and other cucurbitaceous seedlots in China, a 9-year survey was conducted between 2010 and 2018. A total of 4,839 seedlots of watermelon and other cucurbitaceous species were collected from 13 major seed production areas of China and tested by a semiselective media-based colony PCR technique for A. citrulli. Overall, A. citrulli was detected in 18.00% (871/4,839) of all cucurbitaceous seedlots. The bacterium was detected in 21.59% (38/176), 19.19% (33/172), 23.44% (214/913), 40.76% (247/606), 13.28% (85/640), 15.40% (95/617), 13.25% (73/551), 8.03% (48/598), and 6.71% (38/566) of all commercial seedlots tested from the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 growing seasons, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of A. citrulli in cucurbit seedlots was determined for different seed production areas. The prevalence of A. citrulli in cucurbitaceous seedlots produced in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and 9 other provinces was 18.76% (582/3103), 26.34% (103/391), 21.47% (82/382), 11.11% (14/126), and 10.75% (90/837), respectively. This is the first survey for A. citrulli in commercial cucurbit seeds in China, and the relatively high prevalence suggests that commercial seeds represent a substantial source of primary inoculum that can threaten cucurbit seed and fruit production in China.

ABSTRACTWe surveyed chicken livers from various sources for the presence and levels of Salmonella. The pathogen was recovered from 148 (59.4%) of 249 chicken livers purchased at retail stores in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania over about a 9-month period. Positive samples harbored Salmonella at levels of 6.4 most probable number (MPN)/g to 2.4 log CFU/g. The percentage of Salmonella-positive livers purchased at retail outlets in New Jersey (72%, 59 of 82 livers) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the percentage for livers purchased in Delaware (48%, 36 of 75 livers); however, this percentage was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that for livers purchased in Pennsylvania (57.6%, 53 of 92 livers). The pathogen was also recovered more often (P = 0.019) from livers that were packaged by retailers (81 of 121 livers, 66.9%) than from livers packaged directly by processors (67 of 128 livers, 52.3%). In related studies, 12 (5.8%) of 207 chicken livers harvested from birds on a research farm tested positive for Salmonella at levels of 0.4 to 2.2 MPN/g. The recovery rate of Salmonella was 4.4% (6 of 135 livers) from livers with the gall bladder attached and 8.3% (6 of 72 livers) from livers when the gall bladder was removed at harvest on the research farm. We also quantified the levels of a nine-strain cocktail (ca. 6.5 log CFU/g) of Salmonella strains inoculated externally onto or internally into livers both before and after extended cold storage. Storage for at least 2 days at 4°C or 15 days at −20°C resulted in a decrease of about 1.0 log CFU/g in pathogen levels. Given the relatively high recovery rate (ca. 6.0 to 60.0%) and high (possibly illness causing) levels (0.4 MPN/g to 2.4 CFU/g) of Salmonella associated with chicken livers in the present study, further interventions for processors are needed to lower the prevalence and levels of this pathogen on poultry liver.

Background: HIV/AIDS is such a dreaded disease which can be prevented if the people are aware of the ways to do so. Urban slums share a specific position in the demographic profile of district because of the inequalities of health care system where the rural health care system is far to reach and the more flourished private health care system is unaffordable for most of the inhabitants. HIV/AIDS is not only a health-related problem but it also has socioeconomic, behavioral and cultural aspects.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional among currently married women in reproductive age group (15-49 years) residing in any of the selected urban slums of district Gorakhpur. Cluster sampling was used and clusters were chosen by probability proportional to size (PPS) method of cluster sampling from a list of urban slums obtained from District Urban Development Authority (DUDA), Gorakhpur. The final sample size was 600.Results: 82% of women had ever heard about HIV/AIDS and 72% of women got the knowledge about HIV through television followed by 56% of woman who got knowledge by relatives and friends. 68% of woman believes that the mode of transmission of HIV is unsafe sex followed by 58% of women who believed that infected blood transfusion is the mode of transmission of HIV.Conclusions: Awareness is crucial in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Women should have more access to the knowledge resources and facilities for testing and prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Abstract We identify targets in the Kepler field that may be characterized by transit timing variations and are detectable by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Despite the reduced signal-to-noise ratio of TESS transits compared to Kepler, we recover 48 transits from 13 systems in Sectors 14, 15, 26, 40 and 41. We find strong evidence of a nontransiting perturber orbiting Kepler-396 (KOI-2672) and explore two possible cases of a third planet in that system that could explain the measured transit times. We update the ephemerides and mass constraints where possible at KOI-70 (Kepler-20), KOI-82 (Kepler-102), KOI-94 (Kepler-89), KOI-137 (Kepler-18), KOI-244 (Kepler-25), KOI-245 (Kepler-37), KOI-282 (Kepler-130), KOI-377 (Kepler-9), KOI-620 (Kepler-51), KOI-806 (Kepler-30), KOI-1353 (Kepler-289), and KOI-1783 (Kepler-1662).

Article 3 (Territorial scope) (see also recitals 23–24); Article 4(17) (Definitions); Article 9 (Processing of special categories of personal data) (see also recitals 10, 51–54); Article 10 (Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences) (see also recital 97); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject) and Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject) (see also recitals 60–62); Article 30 (Records of processing activities) (see also recital 82); Article 31 (Cooperation with the supervisory authority); Article 35 (Data protection impact assessment) (see also recitals 89–93); Article 36 (Prior consultation) (see also recital 94); Article 79 (Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor) (see also recital 145).

A new single crystal (SC) superalloy TMS-82+ which contains only 2.4% Re has been developed by using a computer aided alloy design program (ADP) developed in the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). The compositions were designed as follows; a large negative lattice misfit at operated temperature, 60 vol.% of γ′, solution heat treatment window of >50°C, and creep strength better than 2nd generation superalloys. Corrosion resistance was also considered. A brief explanation of the NIMS-ADP and the whole development works of SC alloy TMS-82+, such as alloy selection, metallurgical and mechanical tests, a full-scale production test and an engine test in the 15MW gas turbine, will be described here.

The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.