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1
Anastasio, Hannah, Arthur Vaught, Erika Werner, and Linda Szymanski. "477: Mode of delivery and outcomes in twins less than 32 weeks gestation." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 212, no. 1 (January 2015): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.523.
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Hardie, RJ, KA Linn, and VT Rendano. "Spinal meningeal cyst in a dog: a case report and literature review." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 32, no. 6 (November 1, 1996): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-32-6-477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A two-year-old, female Chinese shar pei was presented with a one-year history of ataxia involving the pelvic limbs. The neurological lesion was localized to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. A cyst involving the dorsal subarachnoid space at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebral body was identified with myelography. The diagnosis of a meningeal cyst was made, and surgical treatment consisting of a dorsal laminectomy and cyst fenestration was performed. The pelvic-limb ataxia improved, and the owners considered the dog to be normal three months after surgery. The classification, etiology, clinical signs, diagnostic techniques, treatment, and histology of meningeal cysts are reviewed.
3
周, 作领. "拓扑Markov链". Chinese Science Bulletin 32, № 6 (1 березня 1987): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/csb1987-32-6-477.
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Brylak, Markus, and Wolfgang Jeitschko. "Ternary Antimonides LnTSb3 with Ln = La-Nd, Sm and T = V, Cr." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0611.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The title compounds were prepared by reaction of the elemental components. They crystallize in a new structure type, which was determined from single-crystal X -ray data of CeCrSb3: Pbcm, a = 1310.8(3), b = 618.4(1), c = 607.9(1) pm, Z = 4, R = 0.029 for 648 structure factors and 32 variable parameters. The structure of the antimonide CeVSb3 is isotypic: a = 1319.0(2), b = 623.92(8), c = 603.03(8) pm , R = 0.041 for 477 structure factors and 32 variables. The transition metal site and one of the three antimony sites were found to have partial occupancies resulting in the exact compositions CeV0,91(1)Sb2,916(4) and CeCr0,901(9)Sb2,909(4). The structures contain fractional Sb -Sb bonds with distances varying between 301,5 and 316.4 pm. The transition metal atoms have octahedral antimony coordination. These TSb6 octahedra share faces resulting in linear infinite strings with V - V and Cr - Cr bond distances of 301.5 and 304.0 pm, respectively. The structure of these com pounds contains building elements, which are also found in antimonides with ThCr2Si2, CaBe2Ge2, and HfCuSi2 type structures.
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Riley, Christopher B., Kirsty L. Chidgey, Janis P. Bridges, Emma Gordon, and Kevin E. Lawrence. "Isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Multidrug Resistance of Bacteria Cultured from Pig Submissions in New Zealand." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data on the scope of bacterial pathogens present and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in New Zealand’s pigs are limited. This study describes bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility data, and multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) from New Zealand pig submissions. Porcine test data from June 2003 to February 2016 were obtained from commercial veterinary pathology laboratory records. In total, 470/477 unique submissions resulted in bacterial growth, yielding 779 isolates. Sample type was recorded for 360/477 (75.5%); lung (79/360; 21.9%), faecal (61/360; 16.9%) and intestinal (45/360; 12.5%) were most common. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (186/779, 23.9%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (43/779; 5.5%), Streptococcus suis (43/779; 5.5%), unidentified Campylobacter spp. (38/779; 4.9%), alpha haemolytic Streptococci (32/779; 4.1%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (26/779; 3.3%), and Pasteurella multocida (25/779; 3.2%). Susceptibility results were available for 141/779 (18.1%) isolates from 62/470 (13.2%) submissions. Most were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide (75/81; 92.6%), but fewer were susceptible to penicillin (37/77; 48.1%), tilmicosin (18/43; 41.9%), or tetracyclines (41/114; 36.0%). No susceptibility data were available for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., or Yersinia spp. isolates. MDR was present in 60/141 (42.6%) isolates. More data on sample submission drivers, antimicrobial drug use, and susceptibilities of important porcine bacterial isolates are required to inform guidelines for prudent antimicrobial use, to reduce their prevalence, human transmission, and to minimise AMR and MDR.
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Dong, Ruan, Tu ChangCun, and Sun HongZhou. "Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics in d -Dimensional Space." Communications in Theoretical Physics 32, no. 3 (October 30, 1999): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/32/3/477.
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JORGENSEN, P., C. POETHKO-MÜLLER, W. HELLENBRAND, W. JILG, W. THIERFELDER, C. MEYER, M. AN DER HEIDEN, M. SCHLAUD, and D. RADUN. "Low hepatitis B immunogenicity of a hexavalent vaccine widely used in Germany: results of the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents, 2003–2006." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 11 (March 17, 2010): 1621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYThe success of childhood vaccination against hepatitis B relies on persistence of immunity into adolescence and adulthood. In 2000, two hexavalent vaccines with a hepatitis B component (Hexavac®, Infanrix hexa®) were introduced in Germany. Hexavac was withdrawn in 2005 amidst concerns about its long-term hepatitis B protection. We compared hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels in children fully vaccinated with Hexavac or Infanrix hexa (n=477) in a secondary data analysis of a large cross-sectional health survey in Germany. On average 2·4 years after vaccination, 25·3% of Hexavac vaccinees had anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/ml (95% CI 19·0–32·8) compared to 4·7% of Infanrix hexa vaccinees (95% CI 2·4–8·9). These findings suggest that short-term hepatitis B immunogenicity in Hexavac vaccinees may also be weaker. Further studies are warranted to assess whether Hexavac vaccinees should be re-vaccinated or receive a booster vaccination before these birth cohorts reach adolescence.
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Neoptolemos, J. P., and B. S. Thomas. "Erythrocyte Membrane Stearic Acid : Oleic Acid Ratios in Colorectal Cancer Using Tube Capillary Column Gas Liquid Chromatography." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 27, no. 1 (January 1990): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329002700108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Erythrocyte fatty acids were measured in 32 patients with colorectal cancer (four with recurrent disease), four patients with large colorectal adenomas, and 42 hospitalised patients without cancer. No significant differences were found with respect to any of the fatty acids between these groups. In particular there was no difference between the erythrocyte stearic acid : oleic acid ratios (mean ± SD) between the cancer cases (1·07 ± 0·31) and the control cases (1·09 ± 0·31, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). No difference in this ratio was observed with respect to age or sex and in the case of colorectal cancer, to the Dukes' stage, degree of tumour differentiation, or recurrence. A significant correlation was found between stearic acid concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes from fasting invididuals ( r = 0·477, n = 24, P < 0·05). This study provides further evidence that the erythrocyte stearic acid : oleic acid ratio is of no value for diagnosing primary or recurrent colorectal cancer.
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Radice, William. "Ketaki Kushari Dyson: In your blossoming flower-garden: Rabindranath Tagore and Victoria Ocampo. xxiv, 477 pp., front., 32 plates. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1988. £14.95." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 3 (October 1989): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00034960.
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Navarrete-Maya, Rosa, and Jorge Acosta-Gallegos. "Reacción de variedades de frijol común a Fusarium spp. y Rhizoctonia solani en el altiplano de México." Agronomía Mesoamericana 10, no. 1 (June 3, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v10i1.17996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two trials were carried out at Texcoco, State of Mexico: in the first one 32 bean genotypes were sowed under irrigation on April 24 and May 8, 1997, in order to study their reaction to Fusarium spp. in a naturally infested soil. In the second one, protection against Fusarium spp. y R. solani was evaluated by applying captan or benomyl to the seeds of eight genotypes. In the first trial most genotypes were susceptible to Fusarium spp., particularly in the third evaluation (R6), on both sowing dates; with the exception of Negro Tacana and Amarillo de Calpan, both of which showed an intermediate reaction in the second sowing date. Incidence of Fusarium spp. was higher than 80%. On the first sowing date the Pinto Villa and Negro Perla genotypes were moderately resistant. In the second experiment the chemical treatment produced more vigorous seedlings. Pinto Villa and BAT 477 genotypes showed lower severity scores when treated with benomyl and captan, respectively. It was observed that plants of resistant genotypes survived because they developed adventitious roots.
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Mörike, Martin. "Comment on “Study of quality and stability of ursodeoxycholic acid formulations for oral pediatric administration” by Santovena et al. [Int. J. Pharm. 477 (2014) 32–38]." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 479, no. 2 (February 2015): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.049.
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Gowert Masche, J. "Reciprocal influences between developmental transitions and parent–child relationships in young adulthood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 5 (September 2008): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inconsistent findings exist on the effects of young adult–parent relationships on developmental status transitions into adulthood. Such transitions in turn predicted less conflicted and closer young adult–parent relationships. But systematic investigations of reciprocal effects between developmental transitions and young adult–parent relationships are lacking. A total of 477 participants initially aged 20–32 ( M = 23.9, SD = 1.5) were interviewed twice, once in 1993 and again in 1995/1996. Subsamples were drawn that had not yet undergone the transitions to work, leaving home, cohabitation with a romantic partner, marriage and parenthood at Time 1. It was assessed whether the levels of mutual trust, instrumentality of relationships, and critical discussions at Time 1 predicted developmental transitions by Time 2, and whether developmental transitions were followed by changes in the relationship measures. The more the participants trusted in their parents, the more likely they were to marry or to have children. Cohabitation was followed by decreased instrumentality. Higher discussion frequency predicted cohabitation and was a consequence of starting to work and leaving home. The results are discussed with regard to individuation theory of adolescent and young adult–parent relationship development.
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TAENZLER, B., R. F. ESPOSTI, P. VACCINO, A. BRANDOLINI, S. EFFGEN, M. HEUN, R. SCHÄFER-PREGL, B. BORGHI, and F. SALAMINI. "Molecular linkage map of Einkorn wheat: mapping of storage-protein and soft-glume genes and bread-making quality QTLs." Genetical Research 80, no. 2 (October 2002): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667230200575x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map includes a total of 477 markers, 32 RFLPs, 438 AFLPs, one morphological (soft glume (Sog)) and six storage-protein markers, and covers 856 cM. The trait Sog with the recessive allele sog maps to linkage group 2S. Probably, this is the T. monococcum homologue of Tg and Tg2 in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, respectively. Loci coding for seed storage proteins were allocated to chromosomes 1L (HMW GLU1,2 and Glu1), 1S (LMW GLU6,7, LMW GLU1-4, ωGLI1-4, γGLI5 and Gli-1) and 6L (α/βGLI7-14). Parameters related to bread-making quality (SDS sedimentation volume, specific sedimentation volume (SSV) and total protein content) were studied in one of the two populations. A QTL that is consistently present across environments was detected for SDS sedimentation volume and for SSV. The position of the QTL on chromosome 1S was in close agreement with the map positions of storage-protein loci. A second QTL was mapped on chromosome 5. For protein content, two significant QTLs were mapped to linkage groups 1 and 5.
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Glückstein, Marie-Isabelle, Sebastian Dintner, Tim Tobias Arndt, Dmytro Vlasenko, Gerhard Schenkirsch, Abbas Agaimy, Gernot Müller, Bruno Märkl, and Bianca Grosser. "Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Study of the SWI/SNF Complex Expression Status in Gastric Cancer Reveals an Adverse Prognosis of SWI/SNF Deficiency in Genomically Stable Gastric Carcinomas." Cancers 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 3894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The SWI/SNF complex has important functions in the mobilization of nucleosomes and consequently influences gene expression. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mutations or deficiency of one or more subunits can have an oncogenic effect and influence the development, progression, and eventual therapy resistance of tumor diseases. Genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in approximately 20% of all human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the frequency, association with clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis of immunohistochemical expression of proteins of the SWI/SNF complexes, SMARCA2, SMARCA4 SMARCB1, ARID1A, ARID1B, and PBRM1 in 477 adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction. Additionally, the tumors were classified immunohistochemically in analogy to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification. Overall, 32% of cases demonstrated aberrant expression of the SWI/SNF complex. Complete loss of SMARCA4 was detected in three cases (0.6%) and was associated with adverse clinical characteristics. SWI/SNF aberration emerged as an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival in genomically stable patients in analogy to TCGA. In conclusion, determination of SWI/SNF status could be suggested in routine diagnostics in genomically stable tumors to identify patients who might benefit from new therapeutic options.
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Kossai, Myriam, Camélia Radulescu, Julien Adam, Anaïs Dziegielewski, Nicolas Signolle, Mathilde Sibony, Thierry Lebret, Yves Allory, and Mathieu Rouanne. "Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) are luminal tumors with similar immune microenvironment as compared to conventional UC." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
477 Background:Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare pathological variant of UC with low chemotherapeutic sensitivity and dismal outcomes. The molecular and immune profiles of such tumors remain poorly investigated. Herein, we investigated the phenotypical features of a cohort of plasmacytoid UC (n = 32) by comparison to a control group of conventional high-grade UC with matched clinicopathological characteristics (n = 30). Methods: Histopathological analysis included the following antibodies: p63, GATA3, CK5/6, CK20 and HER2. In addition, the density of intra-tumor CD8+ lymphocytes, and PD-L1 expression in tumor (TC) and immune cells (IC) were evaluated. Clinical data were collected. Results: Plasmacytoid UC expressed GATA3 (97% vs 86% p = 0.18), CK20 (59% vs 36% p = 0.08) markers and showed a significantly higher rate of HER2 overexpression (2+ and 3+ score: 25% vs 0%, p < 0.01) compared to controls. A significantly lower expression of CK5/6 (22% vs 56%, p < 0.05) and p63 (41% vs 80%, p < 0.05) was observed in plasmacytoid UC compared to controls. The density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells was similar between plasmacytoid and conventional UC (p = 0.5). PD-L1 expression on IC was similar compared to conventional UC (p = 0.3). Overall survival at 5 years was significantly lower among patients with plasmacytoid UC compared to patients with conventional UC (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Together, our study demonstrated that plasmacytoid UC belong to the luminal subtype and display a rather inflamed microenvironment similar to conventional UC. These data support the inclusion of plasmacytoid variant of UC in clinical trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors monotherapy or combination immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Valdezate, Sylvia, Ana Vindel, Aurora Echeita, Fernando Baquero, and Rafael Cantó. "Topoisomerase II and IV Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates with Different Levels of Quinolone Susceptibility." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 3 (March 2002): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.3.665-671.2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of topoisomerase II and IV genes from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 were sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of 32 unrelated S. maltophilia clinical strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs ranged from 0.1 to 64 μg/ml. GyrA (Leu-55 to Gln-155, Escherichia coli numbering), GyrB (Met-391 to Phe-513), ParC (Ile-34 to Arg-124), and ParE (Leu-396 to Leu-567) fragments from strain ATCC 13637 showed high degrees of identity to the corresponding regions from the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa, with the degrees of identity ranging from 85.0 to 93.5%. Lower degrees of identity to the corresponding regions from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.9 to 88.6%) and E. coli (73.0 to 88.6%) were observed. Amino acid changes were present in GyrA fragments from 9 of the 32 strains at positions 70, 85, 90, 103, 112, 113, 119, and 124; but there was no consistent relation to higher ciprofloxacin MICs. The absence of changes at positions 83 and 87, commonly involved in quinolone resistance in gram-negative bacteria, was unexpected. The GyrB sequences were identical in all strains, and only one strain (ciprofloxacin MIC, 16 μg/ml) showed a ParC amino acid change (Ser-80→Arg). In contrast, a high frequency (16 of 32 strains) of amino acid replacements was present in ParE. The frequencies of alterations at positions 437, 465, 477, and 485 were higher (P < 0.05) in strains from cystic fibrosis patients, but these changes were not linked with high ciprofloxacin MICs. An efflux phenotype, screened by the detection of decreases of at least twofold doubling dilutions of the ciprofloxacin MIC in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (0.5 μg/ml) or reserpine (10 μg/ml), was suspected in seven strains. These results suggest that topoisomerases II and IV may not be the primary targets involved in quinolone resistance in S. maltophilia.
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Facon, Thierry, Jae Hoon Lee, Philippe Moreau, Ruben Niesvizky, Meletios Dimopoulos, Roman Hajek, Ludek Pour, et al. "Carfilzomib or bortezomib with melphalan-prednisone for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma." Blood 133, no. 18 (May 2, 2019): 1953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-09-874396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The phase 3 CLARION study compared carfilzomib-melphalan-prednisone (KMP) with bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone (VMP) in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Patients were randomized 1:1 to KMP or VMP for nine 42-day cycles (C). Patients received carfilzomib on days (D) 1, 2, 8, 9, 22, 23, 29, 30 (20 mg/m2: C1D1, C1D2; 36 mg/m2 thereafter) or bortezomib on D1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29, 32 (1.3 mg/m2; D4, 11, 25, 32 omitted for C5-9). Melphalan (9 mg/m2) and prednisone (60 mg/m2) were administered on D1-4. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Nine hundred fifty-five patients were randomized (intention-to-treat population: KMP, n = 478; VMP, n = 477). Median PFS was 22.3 months with KMP vs 22.1 months with VMP (hazard ratio [HR], 0.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.746-1.101; P = .159). Median overall survival was similar and not reached in either group (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.82-1.43). Overall response rate was 84.3% for KMP and 78.8% for VMP. Complete response rate was 25.9% for KMP and 23.1% for VMP. Minimal residual disease–negative rates were 15.7% (KMP) and 15.5% (VMP). Adverse events (AEs) of interest (any grade) occurring with a ≥5% higher patient incidence in the KMP arm were acute renal failure (13.9% [KMP] vs 6.2% [VMP]) and cardiac failure (10.8% vs 4.3%). Grade ≥3 AE rates were 74.7% (KMP) and 76.2% (VMP). Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy was lower for KMP vs VMP (2.5% vs 35.1%). Treatment with KMP in CLARION did not yield a statistically significant difference in PFS vs VMP. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01818752.
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Isaacson, Arielle, Modiegi Diseko, Gloria Mayondi, Judith Mabuta, Sonya Davey, Mompati Mmalane, Joseph Makhema, et al. "Prevalence and outcomes of twin pregnancies in Botswana: a national birth outcomes surveillance study." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e047553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence and outcome of twin pregnancies in Botswana.SettingThe Tsepamo Study conducted birth outcomes surveillance at 8 government-run hospitals (~45% of all births in Botswana) from August 2014 to June 2018 and expanded to 18 hospitals (~70% of all births in Botswana) from July 2018 to March 2019.ParticipantsData were collected for all live-born and stillborn in-hospital deliveries with a gestational age (GA) greater than 24 weeks. This analysis included 117 593 singleton and 3718 twin infants (1859 sets (1.6%)) born to 119 477 women between August 2014 and March 2019 and excluded 73 higher order multiples (23 sets of triplets and 1 set of quadruplets).Outcomes measuredOur primary outcomes were preterm delivery (<37 weeks GA), very preterm delivery (<32 weeks GA) and stillbirth (APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score of 0, 0, 0).ResultsWomen with twin pregnancies had a similar median number of antenatal care visits (9 vs 10), but were more likely to deliver in a tertiary centre (54.8% vs 45.1%, p<0.001) and more likely to have a cesarean-section (54.6% vs 22.0%, p<0.001) than women with singletons. Compared with singletons, twin pregnancies had a higher risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks GA) (47.6% vs 16.7%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.8, 95% CI 2.7 to 2.9) and very preterm delivery (<32 weeks) (11.8% vs 4.0%, aRR 3.0 95% CI 2.6 to 3.4). Among all twin pregnancies, 128 (6.9%) had at least one stillborn infant compared with 2845 (2.4%) stillbirths among singletons (aRR 2.8, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.3).ConclusionAdverse birth outcomes are common among twins in Botswana, and are often severe. Interventions that allow for earlier identification of twin gestation and improved antenatal management of twin pregnancies may improve infant and child survival.
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DA'DARA, Akram A., and Rolf D. WALTER. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Biochemical Journal 336, no. 3 (December 15, 1998): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3360545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is a major regulatory enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis and is considered a potentially important drug target for the chemotherapy of proliferative and parasitic diseases. To study regulatory mechanisms which are involved in the expression of SAMDC of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we have isolated the SAMDC gene and cDNA. Genomic Southern-blot analysis suggests that the C. elegans SAMDC is encoded by a single-copy gene which spans 3.9 kb and consists of six exons and five introns. The first two introns are located in the 5´-untranslated region (UTR). Analyses of the 5´-flanking region of the gene revealed several consensus sequences for the binding of different transcription factors such as CBP, AP2, cMyb, VPE2 and others. The C. elegans SAMDC mRNA possesses an open reading frame (ORF) which encodes a polypeptide of 368 amino acids, corresponding to a SAMDC proenzyme with a calculated molecular mass of 42141 Da. The active form of the C. elegans SAMDC is a heterotetramer, consisting of two subunits of 32 and 10 kDa derived from cleavage of the pro-enzyme. The SAMDC mRNA has an unusually long 5´-UTR of 477 nucleotides. This region has a small ORF which could encode a putative peptide of 17 residues. Moreover, the C. elegans SAMDC mRNA is trans-spliced with the 22 nucleotides spliced leader sequence at the 5´-end.
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Iglesias-Soler, Eliseo, Eduardo Carballeira, Tania Sánchez-Otero, Xian Mayo, and Miguel Fernández-del-Olmo. "Performance of Maximum Number of Repetitions With Cluster-Set Configuration." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 4 (July 2014): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose:To analyze performance during the execution of a maximum number of repetitions (MNR) in a cluster-set configuration.Method:Nine judokas performed 2 sessions of parallel squats with a load corresponding to 4-repetition maximum (4RM) with a traditional-training (TT) and cluster-training (CT) set configuration. The TT consisted of 3 sets of repetitions leading to failure and 3 min of rest between sets. In the CT the MNR was performed with a rest interval between repetitions (45.44 ± 11.89 s). The work-to-rest ratio was similar for CT and TT.Results:MNR in CT was 45.5 ± 32 repetitions and was 9.33 ± 1.87 times the volume in TT. There was a tendency for the average mean propulsive velocity (MPV) to be higher in CT (0.39 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .054, standardized mean difference [d] = 0.57). The average MPV was higher in CT for a similar number of repetitions (0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .006, d = 1.33). The number of repetitions in TT was correlated with absolute 4RM load (r = –.719, P = .031) but not in CT (r = –.273, P = .477).Conclusions:A cluster-set configuration allows for a higher number of repetitions and improved sustainability of mechanical performance. CT, unlike TT, was not affected by absolute load, suggesting an improvement of training volume with high absolute loads.
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Sugisaki, T., T. Yamada, K. Takamatsu, and T. Noguchi. "The influence of endocrine factors on the serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins." Journal of Endocrinology 138, no. 3 (September 1993): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1380467.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in lit (isolated GH deficiency), dw (panhypopituitarism), hyt (hypothyroidism) and cog (congenital goiter) mutant mice were found to be significantly lower than in control mice. In addition, liver and kidney IGF-I concentrations in mutants were also found to be significantly reduced compared with controls. These differences in IGF-I concentration were not observed in pg (genetic IGF receptor or post-receptor defect?) mice. These results indicated that serum IGF-I production is induced by thyroid hormones as well as by GH. Western blot analysis of serum IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) fractions revealed the following differences among the five mutants: the triplet of IGFBP-3 (42, 45 and 49 kDa) and IGFBP-4 (24 kDa) levels were significantly reduced. IGFBP-2 (32 kDa) levels were also reduced in the lit, hyt and cog mice, although the level in serum of dw mice was found to be greatly elevated. No differences in serum IGFBP levels were found in the pg mouse. Consequently, the ratio of IGFBP-3%: IGFBP-2% (the percentage of IGFBP-3 fraction of total IGFBP (IGFBP-3%) divided by that of IGFBP-2 (IGFBP-2%)) was decreased in GH-deficient mice but increased in hypothyroid mice, suggesting that IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 production in the liver is induced by GH and thyroid hormones respectively. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 467–477
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Santos, Cristiane Kelly Aquino dos, Glauber Rocha Monteiro, Josiene De Oliveira Couto, and Roberto Jeronimo dos Santos Silva. "Permanência de idosos em um Programa Comunitário de Atividade Física e fatores associados." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 2 (May 28, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p139 The registration or insertion of older adults in Community Physical Activity Programs does not guarantee their stay over time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the length of stay of elderly in a Community Physical Activity Program and associated factors. This epidemiologic observational study of retrospective cohort performed in Aracaju City, Brazil, included a sample of 526 older adults (477 females) aged 66.4 ± 5.4 years. To characterize the profile and length of stay of individuals, descriptive statistics was used. To analyze the length of stay, the Kaplan-Meier non-parametric survival, estimator was used. To verify the association between variables in the observed time, the Cox regression model was applied. Inverse ratio equation (1/OR) was used to facilitate the understanding of significant values when necessary. In all analyses, 95% confidence interval and p≤0.05 were used. In the first three months, stay rate of 58.1% (95% CI = 54.6 - 61.3) was observed, with a risk estimative = 41.82%. Females presented a 45% chance of stay (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.51 – 0.93) and individuals identified with osteoporosis had 32% more chances of stay (OR = 0.74, 95% CI, = 0.60-0.91). Only 1% of subjects remained until the end of the cohort. The stay rate was low throughout all series; the period with higher quitting rates was the 3rd and the 12th months, being associated with the female stay sex and undiagnosed osteoporosis.
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Jiang, A., M. Lee, and M. Bhimani. "P067: The number and types of procedural skill acquired by family medicine/emergency medicine (CCFP-EM) residents at different teaching sites." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: During the one-year CCFP-EM program, residents rotate through different teaching sites. The purpose of this project is to investigate differences in procedural skills acquisition between these sites, which will help identify the effectiveness of each setting for teaching procedural skills amongst EM trainees. Methods: Over a two year period, residents enrolled in a CCFP-EM residency training program were asked to log their procedures and the sites where they were performed. The cumulative data was analyzed to show the number and types of procedures performed at each site. Results: A total of 477 procedures were logged over two years, with 198 procedures performed at urban tertiary emergency departments (EDs), 116 at community EDs, 87 at intensive care units (ICUs), 37 at urgent care centre, 24 in clinics, and 15 at other settings. Overall, 48 point of care ultrasounds, 75 vascular access procedures, 99 reduction/casting, 48 lumbar punctures, 29 procedural sedations, 125 minor surgical procedures, and 32 other procedures were performed. The majority of procedures were performed at the tertiary care urban ED, followed closely by community ED setting. The only exception was vascular access, which was performed most commonly in ICU settings. Conclusion: Our urban tertiary care ED setting provided the most learning opportunity for procedural skill acquisition, suggesting that having maximized time allocated in this setting is essential for EM learners to acquire procedural skills. One exception is that EM learners gain more vascular access training in ICUs.
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Castillo, Karl D., Justin B. Ries, John F. Bruno, and Isaac T. Westfield. "The reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea exhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1797 (December 22, 2014): 20141856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO 2 over this century are predicted to cause global average surface ocean pH to decline by 0.1–0.3 pH units and sea surface temperature to increase by 1–4°C. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the impacts of CO 2 -induced ocean acidification ( p CO 2 = 324, 477, 604, 2553 µatm) and warming (25, 28, 32°C) on the calcification rate of the zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Siderastrea siderea , a widespread, abundant and keystone reef-builder in the Caribbean Sea. We show that both acidification and warming cause a parabolic response in the calcification rate within this coral species. Moderate increases in p CO 2 and warming, relative to near-present-day values, enhanced coral calcification, with calcification rates declining under the highest p CO 2 and thermal conditions. Equivalent responses to acidification and warming were exhibited by colonies across reef zones and the parabolic nature of the corals' response to these stressors was evident across all three of the experiment's 30-day observational intervals. Furthermore, the warming projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the end of the twenty-first century caused a fivefold decrease in the rate of coral calcification, while the acidification projected for the same interval had no statistically significant impact on the calcification rate—suggesting that ocean warming poses a more immediate threat than acidification for this important coral species.
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Bravo Salinas, Sara Elizabeth, Diana Laura Guerra Ortega, Vilma Amanda Uguña Rosas, and Alex Alberto Castillo Zhizhpón. "Conocimiento y uso de métodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes universitarios de medicina y enfermería, 2020." RECIMUNDO 4, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/4.(4).noviembre.2020.236-248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introducción: El uso de métodos anticonceptivos depende del conocimiento de los mismos, para un uso responsable que permitan una vida sexual saludable. Objetivo: Determinar la relación del nivel de conocimiento y uso de métodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes Universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, con población de estudio 477 estudiantes universitarios, se aplicó una encuesta, analizada mediante Razón de Prevalencias, OR e IC95% calculado por distribución binomial, con interacción entre las variables mediante SPSS V20. Resultados: La edad de los participantes entre 17 y 27 años, el 54,7% son mujeres, 75,3% residen en Cañar y el 60% son sexualmente activos, de los cuales el 92,7% manifestó conocer sobre métodos anticonceptivos, el 39,2% no utiliza ningún método como medida de protección, el método preferido es el preservativo (32,5%). Se demostró que existe 16,1% de estudiantes que manifestaron no asumir su responsabilidad ante un embarazo no deseado y de éstos el 61,1% son de sexo femenino, los estudiantes que no utilizan métodos anticonceptivos, son católicos en un 32% (RP 1,32; IC95% 1,12-2,63) y tienen el 50% (RP 1,50; IC95% 1,07-2,11) más probabilidades de contraer enfermedades de transmisión sexual, los que carecen de conocimientos tienen 2,4 veces (RP 2,41; IC95% 1,90-3,06) más probabilidad de no usar ningún método. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento es alto, pero el uso de anticonceptivos se encuentra por debajo de lo esperado, el ser católico y no conocer sobre anticonceptivos aumenta el riesgo de no usarlos, incrementando el riesgo de contraer enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
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Hankard, R. G., D. Darmaun, B. K. Sager, D. D'Amore, W. R. Parsons, and M. Haymond. "Response of glutamine metabolism to exogenous glutamine in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 269, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): E663—E670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.4.e663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To determine whether exogenous glutamine affects whole body glutamine metabolism, preliminary experiments were performed to verify that L-[1-13C]-, L-[U-14C]-, and L-[3,4-3H]glutamine given simultaneously by vein provided similar estimates of glutamine appearance rates [Ra; 355 +/- 24, 373 +/- 19, and 393 +/- 24 (SE) mumol.kg-1.h-1, respectively, P = NS] in six healthy men; glutamine oxidation accounted for 32 +/- 3 and 51 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of glutamine Ra when it was measured using L-[U-14C]- and L-[1-13C]glutamine, respectively. Five subjects received two 5-h intravenous infusions of L-[3,4-3H]glutamine and a simultaneous nasogastric infusion of L-[1-13C]glutamine on 2 separate days in the postabsorptive state, along with saline on 1 day and natural L-glutamine (856 +/- 45 mumol.kg-1.h-1) on another day in a randomized order. Splanchnic glutamine extraction (determined from [13C]glutamine appearance into systemic blood) reached 74 +/- 4 and 53 +/- 5% during the enteral infusion of tracer alone and in combination with a large load of glutamine, respectively. Glutamine infusion was associated with increased plasma glutamine concentration (from 630 +/- 50 to 1,297 +/- 75 microM), Ra (from 258 +/- 20 to 589 +/- 45 mumol.kg-1.h-1), and oxidation (from 179 +/- 20 to 477 +/- 47 mumol.kg-1.h-1, all P < 0.01), no change in glutamine release from proteolysis, and a decline in glutamine de novo synthesis (from 156 +/- 15 to 93 +/- 13 mumol.kg-1.h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Widmer, T., L. Castlebury, and A. Rossman. "First Report of Phoma exigua on Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae) in Russia." Plant Disease 86, no. 8 (August 2002): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.922a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phoma exigua Desm. (teleomorph Didymella exigua (Niessl) Sacc.) was isolated from wilted Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle) plants displaying necrosis of the crown that were found near Krasnodar, Russia. The fungus was identified using morphological and cultural characteristics (1,2) and confirmed by sequencing the complete internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear rDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY089978). P. exigua is a relatively common soilborne fungus that is weakly pathogenic on a diverse range of primarily dicotyledonous plants throughout the world (1). To our knowledge, it has never been reported previously on members of the genus Centaurea. Yellow starthistle is native to eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Region, and is now a noxious weed in North America for which P. exigua is being investigated as a potential biological control agent. Repeated pathogenicity studies (N = 30) resulted in a mortality of 80 and 93% within 7 days when 1-week-old seedlings were transplanted in soil infested with P. exigua-colonized wheat seed at rates of 6.7 and 10% (vol/vol), respectively. Symptoms of the seedlings included necrosis of the stem and wilting of the seedling. Pycnidia were observed in the roots of dead seedlings. The isolate of P. exigua has been deposited as a dried specimen at the U.S. National Fungus Collections, Beltsville, MD (BPI 841766) and as a living culture at the CBS collection in Utrecht, Netherlands (CBS 110211). References: (1) G. Morgan-Jones and K. B. Burch. Mycotaxon 32:477, 1988. (2) H. A. Van Der Aa et al. Persoonia 17:435, 2000.
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Aziz, Fahad, Anand Ramadorai, Sandesh Parajuli, Neetika Garg, Maha Mohamed, Didier A. Mandelbrot, David P. Foley, Michael Garren, and Arjang Djamali. "Obesity: An Independent Predictor of Morbidity and Graft Loss after Kidney Transplantation." American Journal of Nephrology 51, no. 8 (2020): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: There is conflicting information on current medical and surgical complications associated with high body mass index (BMI) after kidney transplantation. Methods: In a single-center observational study, we analyzed the 5-year outcomes of all consecutive primary kidney transplant recipients between 2010 and 2015 based on BMI at the time of transplant. Results: There were 1,467 patients included in this study, distributed in the following groups based on BMI: underweight (n = 32, 2.2%), normal (n = 407, 27.7%), overweight (n = 477, 32.5%), grade I obesity (n = 387, 26.4%), grade II obesity (n = 155, 10.6%), and grade III obesity (n = 9, 0.6%). Obesity was associated with an increased incidence of delayed graft function (p = 0.008), length of stay (LOS, p = 0.03), 30-day surgical re-exploration (p = 0.02), and hospital readmission (p < 0.0001). Obesity was also associated with higher 1-year serum creatinine (p = 0.03) and increased 5-year incidence of cardiac events (p < 0.0001) and congestive heart failure (p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses determined grade III obesity (HR = 5.84, 95% CI: 1.40–24.36, p = 0.01), LOS >4 days (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.19–3.18, p = 0.008), hospital readmission (HR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.20–4.22, p = 0.01), 1-year serum creatinine >1.5 (HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.20–3.18, p = 0.007), and proteinuria (UPC) >1 g/g (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.06–3.24, p = 0.03) as independent predictors of death-censored graft failure. Conclusion: In the current era of renal transplant care, obesity is common, and high BMI remains associated with significant medical and surgical complications after transplant.
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Roth, Vincent, and Tatenda Lemann. "Comparing CFSR and conventional weather data for discharge and soil loss modelling with SWAT in small catchments in the Ethiopian Highlands." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-921-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Accurate rainfall data are the key input parameter for modelling river discharge and soil loss. Remote areas of Ethiopia often lack adequate precipitation data and where these data are available, there might be substantial temporal or spatial gaps. To counter this challenge, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) readily provides weather data for any geographic location on earth between 1979 and 2014. This study assesses the applicability of CFSR weather data to three watersheds in the Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. To this end, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was set up to simulate discharge and soil loss, using CFSR and conventional weather data, in three small-scale watersheds ranging from 112 to 477 ha. Calibrated simulation results were compared to observed river discharge and observed soil loss over a period of 32 years. The conventional weather data resulted in very good discharge outputs for all three watersheds, while the CFSR weather data resulted in unsatisfactory discharge outputs for all of the three gauging stations. Soil loss simulation with conventional weather inputs yielded satisfactory outputs for two of three watersheds, while the CFSR weather input resulted in three unsatisfactory results. Overall, the simulations with the conventional data resulted in far better results for discharge and soil loss than simulations with CFSR data. The simulations with CFSR data were unable to adequately represent the specific regional climate for the three watersheds, performing even worse in climatic areas with two rainy seasons. Hence, CFSR data should not be used lightly in remote areas with no conventional weather data where no prior analysis is possible.
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Summers, Aimee, and Oleg O. Bilukha. "Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (December 22, 2017): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo determine current status, areas for improvement and effect of conflict on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among internally displaced persons (IDP) in eastern Ukraine.DesignCross-sectional household survey, June 2015.SettingKharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia oblasts (Ukrainian administrative divisions) bordering conflict area in Ukraine.SubjectsRandomly selected IDP households with children aged <2 years registered with local non-governmental organizations. Questions based on the WHO IYCF assessment questionnaire were asked for 477 children. Mid-upper arm circumference was measured in 411 children aged 6–23 months.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding prevalence for infants aged <6 months was 25·8 (95 % CI 15·8, 38·0) %. Percentage of mothers continuing breast-feeding when their child was aged 1 and 2 years was 53·5 (95 % CI 43·2, 63·6) % and 20·6 (95 % CI 11·5, 32·7) %, respectively. Bottle-feeding was common for children aged <2 years (68·1 %; 95 % CI 63·7, 72·3 %). Almost all infants aged 6–8 months received solid foods (98·6 %; 95 % CI 88·5, 99·9 %). Mothers who discontinued breast-feeding before their infant was 6 months old more often listed stress related to conflict as their primary reason for discontinuation (45·7 %) compared with mothers who discontinued breast-feeding when their child was aged 6–23 months (14·3 %; P<0·0001).ConclusionsTo mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, humanitarian action is needed focused on helping mothers cope with stress related to conflict and displacement while supporting women to adhere to recommended IYCF practices if possible and providing appropriate support to women when adherence is not feasible.
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Roth, V., and T. Lemann. "Comparing CFSR and conventional weather data for discharge and sediment loss modelling with SWAT in small catchments in the Ethiopian Highlands." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (October 27, 2015): 11053–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11053-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Accurate rainfall data are the key input parameter for modelling river discharge and sediment loss. Remote areas of Ethiopia often lack adequate precipitation data and where it is available, there might be substantial temporal or spatial gaps. To counter this challenge, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) readily provides weather data for any geographic location on earth between 1979 and 2014. This study assesses the applicability of CFSR weather data to three watersheds in the Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. To this end, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was set up to simulate discharge and sediment loss, using CFSR and conventional weather data, in three small-scale watersheds ranging from 102 to 477 ha. Calibrated simulation results were compared to observed river discharge and observed sediment loss over a period of 32 years. The conventional weather data resulted in very good discharge outputs for all three watersheds, while the CFSR weather data resulted in unsatisfactory discharge outputs for all of the three gauging stations. Sediment loss simulation with conventional weather inputs yielded satisfactory outputs for two of three watersheds, while the CFSR weather input resulted in three unsatisfactory results. Overall, the simulations with the conventional data resulted in far better results for discharge and sediment loss than simulations with CFSR data. The simulations with CFSR data were unable to adequately represent the specific regional climate for the three watersheds, performing even worse in climatic areas with two rainy seasons. Hence, CFSR data should not be used lightly in remote areas with no conventional weather data where no prior analysis is possible.
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Sandiford, S. D., H. J. Green, T. A. Duhamel, J. G. Perco, J. D. Schertzer, and J. Ouyang. "Inactivation of human muscle Na+-K+-ATPase in vitro during prolonged exercise is increased with hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 5 (May 2004): 1767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01273.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the effects of prolonged exercise performed in normoxia (N) and hypoxia (H) on neuromuscular fatigue, membrane excitability, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in working muscle. Ten untrained volunteers [peak oxygen consumption (VV̇o2 peak) = 42.1 ± 2.8 (SE) ml·kg-1·min-1] performed 90 min of cycling during N (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.21) and during H (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.14) at ∼50% of normoxic VV̇o2 peak. During N, 3- O-methylfluorescein phosphatase activity (nmol·mg protein-1·h-1) in vastus lateralis, used as a measure of Na+-K+-ATPase activity, decreased ( P < 0.05) by 21% at 30 min of exercise compared with rest (101 ± 53 vs. 79.6 ± 4.3) with no further reductions observed at 90 min (72.8 ± 8.0). During H, similar reductions ( P < 0.05) were observed during the first 30 min (90.8 ± 5.3 vs. 79.0 ± 6.3) followed by further reductions ( P < 0.05) at 90 min (50.5 ± 3.9). Exercise in N resulted in reductions ( P < 0.05) in both quadriceps maximal voluntary contractile force (MVC; 633 ± 50 vs. 477 ± 67 N) and force at low frequencies of stimulation, namely 10 Hz (142 ± 16 vs. 86.7 ± 10 N) and 20 Hz (283 ± 32 vs. 236 ± 31 N). No changes were observed in the amplitude, duration, and area of the muscle compound action potential (M wave). Exercise in H was without additional effect in altering MVC, low-frequency force, and M-wave properties. It is concluded that, although exercise in H resulted in a greater inactivation of Na+-K+-ATPase activity compared with N, neuromuscular fatigue and membrane excitability are not differentially altered.
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O Neill, Kate N., Kathleen E. Bennett, Sheena M. Mc Hugh, Anthony P. Fitzgerald, and Patricia M. Kearney. "Trends in national pharmaceutical expenditure on diabetes in Ireland 2011–2015: a repeated cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e037382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesTo explore trends in pharmaceutical expenditure on diabetes between 2011 and 2015, describing trends in expenditure on blood glucose-lowering medications and estimating the effect of cost-containment measures implemented during this time.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study of national pharmacy claims data in Ireland.ParticipantsPatients’ dispensed items used in the treatment or management of diabetes.Primary and secondary outcomesTotal expenditure associated with diabetes was calculated by extracting data on all diabetes-related items dispensed to eligible patients. Costs were categorised into two groups. Diabetes-specific items include items used directly in diabetes treatment (WHO-Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC): A10, V07, V04) and diabetes-related include all other condition-related items (WHO-ATC: B01, C, H04, N03, N06). The impacts of two specific cost-containment measures, co-payments and reference pricing, were assessed using segmented linear regression analyses of interrupted time-series.ResultsTotal expenditure varied over the study period, peaking at €216 994 441 in 2012. Expenditure on diabetes-specific items increased steadily by 18% reaching €153 621 477 in 2015, with blood glucose-lowering medications accounting for 73% of this increase. During the same period, expenditure on diabetes-related items decreased by 32% to €50 835 856. The introduction of reference pricing for atorvastatin in November 2013 resulted in immediate costs savings of €2.4 million per yearly quarter (level-change p<0.001).ConclusionsThe increasing expenditure on blood glucose-lowering medications negates the effect of recent cost-containment measures, presenting a significant challenge for the provision of diabetes care. Innovative policies are required to ensure high-quality diabetes care can be provided at an equitable, affordable and sustainable rate.
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Williams, Jack E., Amy L. Haak, Nathaniel G. Gillespie, and Warren T. Colyer. "The Conservation Success Index: Synthesizing and Communicating Salmonid Condition and Management Needs." Fisheries 32, no. 10 (October 2007): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[477:tcsiac]2.0.co;2.
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Natho, G. "KUNKEL, G., Die Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Pflanenwelt. 3. Aufl., XII, 239 S., 177 Abb., 32 Farbabb., 13 Karten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York, 1993. ISBN 3-477-20491-2. Preis brosch.: DM 46.—." Feddes Repertorium 105, no. 3-4 (May 1994): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921050310.
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Natho, G. "KUNKEL, G., Die Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Pflanzenwelt. 3. Aufl., XII, 239 S., 177 Abb., 32 Farbabb., 13 Karten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York, 1993. ISBN 3-477-20491-2. Preis brosch.: DM 46.-." Feddes Repertorium 105, no. 3-4 (April 18, 2008): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19941050310.
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Hiral, Chavda D., Sonpal N. Rakshit, Paresh Prajapati A, and Madhabhai M. Patel. "Formulation and Evaluation of Modified Pulsincap as Pulsatile Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 9, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 3476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2016.9.5.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate a modified pulsincap pulsatile drug delivery system of etodolac for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Capsule body was made water insoluble by cross linking with formaldehyde vapour. It was filled with drug, osmogen NaCl and super disintegrant sodium starch glycolate to expel the drug after predetermined lag time. A hydro gel plug made of HPMC K4M was placed in the capsule body to achieve desired drug release after lag time for chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Untreated cap was then fitted to the treated body was sealed. Entire unit was coated with 5% Eudragit S-100 to prevent variable gastric emptying. A 32 full factorial design was used for optimization in which concentration ratio of NaCl and SSG (X1), and the weight of hydrogel plug (X2) were selected as independent variables while lag time and t90% were taken as dependent variables. FTIR and DSC studies confirmed drug excipient compatibility. Developed formulation was evaluated for in-vitro drug release in pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of selected independent variables. Response surface plot and contour plot indicate augmentation of the line toward the weight of hydrogel plug factor indicating greater significance. Formulation with highest desirability containing 34.4 mg of SSG, 137.6 mg of NaCl and 48 mg of HPMC K4M plug was selected as an optimized formulation as it provided the desired lag time of 6 hours and t90% of about 477 mins. Accelerated stability study performed on optimized formulation suggested stable and viable formulation. A stable, efficient formulation modified pulsincap of Etodolac as a pulsatile drug delivery system was developed with proposed increased patient compliance and improved dosage form efficiency.
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Dibley, Michael J., Upul Senarath, and Kingsley E. Agho. "Infant and young child feeding indicators across nine East and Southeast Asian countries: an analysis of National Survey Data 2000–2005." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2010): 1296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 0–23 months across nine East and Southeast Asian countries.DesignSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Cambodia and Vietnam), Multiple Indicator Country Surveys (Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Myanmar) and national nutrition surveys (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and Mongolia) conducted between 2000 and 2005.SettingSeven countries from Southeast Asia and two from East Asia.SubjectsChildren aged 0–23 months with samples ranging from 826 to 5610 for DHS, and from 477 to 5860 for non-DHS data.ResultsMore than 93 % of infants were ever breast-fed, and over 75 % were currently breast-fed except in the Philippines. Timely initiation of breast-feeding varied from 32 % in Indonesia to 46 % in Timor-Leste. Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rate in infants under 6 months of age ranged from 11 % in Myanmar to 60 % in Cambodia. EBF rates were also low in Vietnam (15·5 %) and Lao PDR (23 %), and varied between 30 % and 40 % in Indonesia, Philippines and Timor-Leste. The proportion of infants under 6 months of age who were given breast milk with non-milk liquids was high except in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Bottle-feeding rates were lower in DPR Korea (3 %), Lao PDR (6 %) and Myanmar (6 %) and higher in the Philippines (49 %) and Mongolia (31 %). Timely complementary-feeding rate varied widely across countries (6–99 %).ConclusionsAll the countries studied should make greater efforts to improve timely initiation of breast-feeding and EBF for 6 months. Measures should be taken to reduce high bottle-feeding rate in the Philippines, Mongolia, Indonesia and Vietnam, and improve complementary-feeding rate in Lao PDR, Myanmar, DPR Korea and Philippines.
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Sandjaja, Idrus Jus’at, Abas B. Jahari, Ifrad, Min Kyaw Htet, Robert L. Tilden, Damayanti Soekarjo, et al. "Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 14 (January 16, 2015): 2511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001400322x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DesignPre–post evaluation between two surveys.SettingTwenty-four villages in West Java.SubjectsPoor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baselinen324/endlinen349), their infants aged 6–11 months (n318/n335) and children aged 12–59 months (n469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5–9 years (n186) and women aged 15–29 years (n171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.ResultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2–19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6–11 months, children aged 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12–23 months;P=0·057 in children aged 24–59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5–18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6–6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6–59 months (P=0·003) and 5–9 years (P=0·03).ConclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.
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Mesek, Inge, Georgi Nellis, Jana Lass, and Irja Lutsar. "MEDICATION USE IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS ACROSS EUROPE." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.3-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesThis is the first Europe-wide study aiming to describe the medication use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and to analyse the factors that might influence the prescription pattern.MethodsA pan-European one day point-prevalence study was conducted in 2012 where all of the prescriptions for hospitalised neonates were recorded. A trade name, manufacturer, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), strength, galenic form and route of administration were registered.ResultsAltogether 2173 prescriptions were administered to 726 neonates from 21 countries, of whom 66% (477/726) were preterm, 12% (84/726) extremely preterm. There was inverse correlation between gestational age (GA) and median number of prescriptions per neonate (group median 2/IQR 1–4, extremely preterm 4/3–6, very preterm 3/2–5, late preterm 2/1–3, full-term 2/1–3). Median number of prescriptions per neonate was highest in the eastern region, among extremely preterm neonates (median=6.5/IQR 6–8.5). Highest prescription rate was for alimentary medicines (93/per 100 admissions), systemic antiinfectives (79/100) and medicines for blood (71/100). Antiinfectives were most frequently prescribed in the southern region (103/100). Multivitamins were most frequently used medications in most regions (western 74, southern 31, northern 31/100), except in eastern region (5/100). Most commonly prescribed API-s were multivitamins (32/100), caffeine (19/100), gentamicin (18/100), amino acids (18/100) and colecalciferol (15/100). Most frequently prescribed medications among extremely preterm neonates were caffeine (60/100), among very preterms multivitamins and caffeine (45 and 43/100), among late preterms multivitamins (44/100) and among full-terms phytomenadione (26/100) and gentamicin (24/100).ConclusionsOur study revealed the most commonly used medications in neonates. Higher prescription rate among preterm neonates calls for further analysis of the suitability and safety of medications for infants with lower GA.
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Watley, Duncan C., Eric R. Mong, Nikunj A. Rana, Elisa A. Illing, and Mohamad R. Chaaban. "Surgical Approach to Frontal Sinus Osteoma: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 5 (April 5, 2019): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419839895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Osteoma of the paranasal sinuses are benign bony masses most commonly found in the frontal sinus. In the past, due to the anatomical complexity of the frontal sinus, these often required an open approach, but with the invention of angled tools and endoscopes, many rhinologists are now attempting endoscopic or combined resections. No large systematic reviews currently exist that describe the surgical management of frontal sinus osteoma. Objective To perform a systematic review detailing the surgical resection of frontal sinus osteoma. Review Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Data extracted included demographics, clinical presentation, radiologic, histologic findings, surgical approach, and recurrence. Results A total of 32 studies, with 477 surgically resected tumors, were included in the analysis. Sex data were available for 179 patients (M:F, 93:86), with a mean age of 43.2 years. All resected tumors presented symptomatically: facial pain/headache (80.2%), recurrent sinusitis (30.5%), mucocele (4.3%), cosmetic deformity other than proptosis (12.8%), and proptosis (5.5%). Transnasal endoscopic surgery alone was the most common surgical approach utilized (44.9%), followed by open osteoplastic flaps (36.9%) and endoscopic assisted (18.2%). Osteoma with anterior (79%) and posterior (73%) attachments were treated statistically more often with endoscopic approach compared with floor (42%) and extrasinus (50%) attachment ( P < .0005). There was no statistical difference in approach to masses that crossed the sagittal plane extending from the lamina papyracea (63% endoscopic, 29% endoscopic assisted, 8% open, P = .21). Mean follow-up was 29.7 months, with recurrence or persistent residual disease occurring in 12 patients. Conclusion Despite the increasing use of endoscopic alone procedures for expanding indications, patients may still require an open or endoscopic assisted approach for complete removal.
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Gallo, C. B., and D. A. R. Davies. "Rearing twin and triplet lambs on the ewe." Animal Science 47, no. 1 (August 1988): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe performance of 32 Cambridge (C) and Suffolk × Cambridge (S × C) twin and triplet rearing ewes and their progeny was investigated from lambing until the lambs reached slaughter weight. The ewes and lambs were housed and penned in individual family groups until 35 days after lambing. From 7 to 35 days the effect of rearing type was studied in combination with feeding the ewes a complete diet containing either 250 (diet 250) or 400 (diet 400) g milled hay per kg. After 35 days ewes and lambs grazed pasture. Ewes suckling triplets produced slightly more milk at 20 days 4·3 v. 4·1 (s.e.d. 0·20) kg/day and significantly more at 30 days 4·1 v. 3·7 (s.e.d. 0·18) kg/day, but consumed similar amounts of dry matter (3·9 kg/day) and so tended to lose more body condition. The latter was also a feature of ewes given diet 400 which produced similar milk yields but had lower complete diet intakes than those on diet 250. S × C had higher yields than C ewes.Triplet lambs grew faster than twins 361 v. 290 (s.e.d. 9·0) g/day to 35 days but during the outdoor period triplet males but not females grew as fast as their twin counterparts 337 v. 317 for males and 269 v. 302 for females (s.e.d. 12·7) g/day. A selection of male twin and triplet lambs was slaughtered within the range 39 to 42 kg when 102 and 105 days old respectively. Triplet lambs had a lower killing-out proportion 0·458 v. 0·477 (s.e.d. 0·0085) and hence carcass weight but all carcasses qualified for Meat and Livestock Commission certification.
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Kellogg, James A., David A. Bankert, and Vishnu Chaturvedi. "Limitations of the Current Microbial Identification System for Identification of Clinical Yeast Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 5 (1998): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.5.1197-1200.1998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability of the rapid, computerized Microbial Identification System (MIS; Microbial ID, Inc.) to identify a variety of clinical isolates of yeast species was compared to the abilities of a combination of tests including the Yeast Biochemical Card (bioMerieux Vitek), determination of microscopic morphology on cornmeal agar with Tween 80, and when necessary, conventional biochemical tests and/or the API 20C Aux system (bioMerieux Vitek) to identify the same yeast isolates. The MIS chromatographically analyzes cellular fatty acids and compares the results with the fatty acid profiles in its database. Yeast isolates were subcultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and were incubated at 28°C for 24 h. The resulting colonies were saponified, methylated, extracted, and chromatographically analyzed (by version 3.8 of the MIS YSTCLN database) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Of 477 isolates of 23 species tested, 448 (94%) were given species names by the MIS and 29 (6%) were unidentified (specified as “no match” by the MIS). Of the 448 isolates given names by the MIS, only 335 (75%) of the identifications were correct to the species level. While the MIS correctly identified only 102 (82%) of 124 isolates of Candida glabrata, the predictive value of an MIS identification of unknown isolates asC. glabrata was 100% (102 of 102) because no isolates of other species were misidentified as C. glabrata. In contrast, while the MIS correctly identified 100% (15 of 15) of the isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the predictive value of an MIS identification of unknown isolates as S. cerevisiae was only 47% (15 of 32), because 17 isolates ofC. glabrata were misidentified as S. cerevisiae. The low predictive values for accuracy associated with MIS identifications for most of the remaining yeast species indicate that the procedure and/or database for the system need to be improved.
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Ostojic-Andric, D., V. Bogdanovic, S. Aleksic, M. M. Petrovic, B. Miscevic, V. Pantelic, and S. Josipovic. "The effect of genotype on fattening and body development traits of young cattle." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 3-4 (2007): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0704031o.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Differences in demonstration of fattening and traits of body development in young cattle from three genotype groups are investigated: Domestic Simmental breed (G1) and its crosses F1 gen. With Limousine (G2) and Charolais breed (G3). Sample included total of 96 heads, 32 in each group. The greatest body mass at birth was realized by Charolais crosses (41,8 kg) and the lowest calves of domestic Simmental breed (40,5 kg), significance of differences established was at the level of p<0,05. Genotype had significant effect (p<0.01) on body mass and age at the end of fattening, as well as average life daily gain. Charolais and Limousine crosses at the ages of 446 and 443 days achieved higher body masses at the end of fattening (621 kg and 590 kg) compared to Domestic Simmental breed (477 days and 579 kg). The effect of genotype on traits of body development was highly significant (p<0.01) for all traits except height to rump (p<0.05). The highest values of height to withers and rump (131,8 cm and136,1 cm) and cannon circumference (23,1 cm), and the lowest for breast depth (70,8 cm) and breast girth (198,9 cm) were realized by young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed. The most favourable body development from the commercial aspect was realized by Charolais crosses with the highest determined values of breast depth (74,5 cm), carcass length (157,7 cm) and breast girth (202,5 cm). Limousine crosses are characterized by the lowest height to withers and rump (126,7 cm and 134,3 cm), the lowest values of carcass length (155,3 cm) and cannon circumference (21,9 cm), whereas in regard to breast depth (73,5 cm) and girth (202,1 cm) they take intermediary position. .
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Chan, Paul K. S., Shih-Jen Liu, T. H. Cheung, Winnie Yeo, S. M. Ngai, Jo L. K. Cheung, Pele Chong, and Stephen Man. "T-Cell Response to Human Papillomavirus Type 58 L1, E6, and E7 Peptides in Women with Cleared Infection, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, or Invasive Cancer." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 9 (July 28, 2010): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00105-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus type 58 (HPV-58) exists in a relatively high prevalence in certain parts of the world, including East Asia. This study examined the T-cell response to HPV-58 L1, E6, and E7 peptides among women with cleared infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or CIN3, or invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Peptides found to be reactive in the in vitro peptide binding assay or mouse-stimulating study were tested with a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect peptide-specific responses from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from 91 HPV-58-infected women (32 with cleared infection, 16 CIN2, 15 CIN3, and 28 ICC). Four HLA-A11-restricted HPV-58 L1 peptides, located at amino acid positions 296 to 304, 327 to 335, 101 to 109, and 469 to 477, showed positive IFN-γ ELISPOT results and were mainly from women with cleared infection. Two HLA-A11-restricted E6 peptides (amino acid positions 64 to 72 and 94 to 102) and three HLA-A11-restricted E7 peptides (amino acid positions 78 to 86, 74 to 82, and 88 to 96) showed a positive response. A response to E6 and E7 peptides was mainly observed from subjects with CIN2 or above. One HLA-A2-restricted E6 peptide, located at amino acid position 99 to 107, elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. One HLA-A24-restricted L1 peptide, located at amino acid position 468 to 476, also elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. In summary, this study has identified a few immunogenic epitopes for HPV-58 E6 and E7 proteins. It is worthwhile to further investigate whether responses to these epitopes have a role in clearing an established cervical lesion.
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Riegner, Mark. "Bird Coloration, Volume 2: Function and Evolution. Edited by Geoffrey E Hill and , Kevin J McGraw. Cambridge (Massachusetts): Harvard University Press. $95.00. x + 477 p + 32 pl; ill.; species and subject indexes. ISBN: 0‐674‐02176‐2. 2006." Quarterly Review of Biology 82, no. 2 (June 2007): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519613.
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Sereday, Karen Ann, David C. Boulware, Vasanth Kailasam, JuQing Shi, Diane L. Blazevich, Jason M. Burkett, Sandra C. Stewart, et al. "The effect of clinical pathways utilization on total cost of care for the treatment of prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
20 Background: Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) has developed evidence-based cancer care pathways which are integrated into the Electronic Health Record (EHR). We retrospectively compared the 1 year (yr) total cost of care in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCA) treated at MCC based on EHR tool utilization and pathway alignment. Methods: Using existing Cancer Registry data, we retrospectively identified all pts presenting with newly diagnosed PCA between 7/1/2015-6/30/2017 who received all 1st course treatment (tx) at MCC. Pts direct costs were tracked for 1 yr from the Cancer Registry “date of 1st contact.” Tx was categorized as either radiation (RT) +/- hormone tx (HT), surgery (S) +/- HT, active surveillance only (ASO), HT only, palliative care, chemotherapy (CT), or mixed (a combination of S, RT, or CT). Pathway alignment was either electronically tracked through the EHR pathway tool or determined through manual chart review for pts tx’ed off the pathway tool. Results: 477 pts met inclusion criteria, including men with: low or favorable intermediate (n=259); unfavorable intermediate, high, or very high (n=186); and metastatic (n=32) risk group PCA. The majority (n=396, 83%) had tx in alignment with a pathway. The major tx modalities on pathway were S-HT (n=139), RT-HT (n=113), or ASO (n=110) and off pathway were RT-HT (n=52, 64%), S-HT (n=10), or ASO (n=9). Overall, treatment in alignment with a pathway was significantly associated with lower 1 yr total cost compared to off pathway tx (p <0.001) with a mean difference of $5,500 per pt yr. Conclusions: Clinical pathway alignment was significantly associated with less aggressive therapy and lower 1 yr cost of care for PCA pts treated at MCC. Cost of care was highly associated with tx modality selected. Further analyses are needed to understand the association between pathway alignment, patient risk factors and tx modality selection.
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Carmo, Martin Do, Cristina Genro, Andres Cibils, and Pablo Soca. "PSIX-13 Influence of herbage allowance and beef cow genotype on herbage intake during mid-gestation in Campos grassland." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.791.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The objective of this study was to measure herbage intake rate (g/kgBW0.75/d) of purebred (Pu, Hereford/Angus) and crossbred (Cr, F1 of Hereford/Angus) beef cows grazing under high (Hi) and low (Lo) annual herbage allowance (HA, mean 5 vs 3 kgDM/kgBW) but equal winter herbage allowance (3 kgDM/kgBW). Herbage intake was measured in 32 gestating cows (from -96 to -76 and -92 to -77 days to calving in y1 and y2 respectively) via n-alkanes C32. Cows were placed in one of 8 groups within 2 blocks (each block four paddocks) of HA x cow genotype treatment. In mid-gestation average herbage mass (±SE) was Hi = 1410 vs Lo = 710 ±230 kg DM/ha (P < 0.05) in y1, and Hi = 850 vs Lo = 570 ±230 kg DM/ha (P = 0.38) in y2. Cow genotype did not affect herbage mass, and CP (8.6±0.37%) and ADF (40.6±1.2%) concentration were not affected by HA. Cow BW (kg±SE) in Hi vs. Lo HA was 478 vs 452 ± 20(P = 0.35) for y1 and 456 vs 393 ± 17(P < 0.05) for y2, while cow BW in Cr vs Pu was 477 vs 453 ± 17 (P = 0.34) and 448 vs 407 ± 17 (P = 0.09) for y1 and y2, respectively. Herbage allowance affected herbage intake (g/kgBW0.75/d) in y2, Hi = 77 vs Lo = 70 ±0.3 (P < 0.05) but not in y1 (Hi = 103 vs Lo = 97 ±0.3, P = 0.19) while Cr cows had lower herbage intake Pu = 108 vs Cr = 92 ±0.3 Cr (P < 0.05) and Pu = 79 vs Cr = 68 ±0.3 (P < 0.05) y1 and y2, respectively. Intake rates were affected by HA and animal genotype. High HA increased intake rates 10% and Cr cows decreased 17% herbage intake rate. Our results provide mechanistic criteria to manage stocking rates on Campos cattle ranches.
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Klanjsek, Petra, Majda Pajnkihar, Natasa Marcun Varda, and Petra Povalej Brzan. "Screening and assessment tools for early detection of malnutrition in hospitalised children: a systematic review of validation studies." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e025444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify all currently available screening and assessment tools for detection of malnutrition in hospitalised children, and to identify the most useful tools on the basis of published validation studies.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched up to October 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies in English that reported sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative predictive values (PPVs/NPVs) in the paediatric population were eligible for inclusion.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently screened all of the studies identified, and extracted the data. The methodological qualities of the studies included were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.ResultsThe 26 validation studies that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review used eight screening and three assessment tools. The number of participants varied from 32 to 14 477. There was considerable variability in the chosen reference standards, which prevented direct comparisons of the predictive performances of the tools. Anthropometric measurements were used as reference standards in 16 of the identified studies, and full nutritional assessment in 5. The Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) screening tool performed better than Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition and Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritional status and Growth when compared in terms of anthropometric measurements, especially for body mass index (Se=90.9, Sp=81.9) and triceps skinfold thickness (Se=80.0, Sp=75.0). However, low PPVs indicated the problem of overprediction of positive cases, which was typical for all of the studies that used anthropometric measurements as the reference standard.ConclusionsThis systematic review identifies the need for definition of the gold standard for validation of screening tools. Anthropometry measurements using WHO or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts should be considered as the possible reference standard in future validation studies. We would recommend the use of PYMS for hospitalised paediatric patients without chronic conditions, in combination with full nutritional assessment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077477.
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Lutsko, Christopher, and Bálint Tóth. "Invariance Principle for the Random Lorentz Gas—Beyond the Boltzmann-Grad Limit." Communications in Mathematical Physics 379, no. 2 (September 16, 2020): 589–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03852-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We prove the invariance principle for a random Lorentz-gas particle in 3 dimensions under the Boltzmann-Grad limit and simultaneous diffusive scaling. That is, for the trajectory of a point-like particle moving among infinite-mass, hard-core, spherical scatterers of radius r, placed according to a Poisson point process of density $$\varrho $$ ϱ , in the limit $$\varrho \rightarrow \infty $$ ϱ → ∞ , $$r\rightarrow 0$$ r → 0 , $$\varrho r^{2}\rightarrow 1$$ ϱ r 2 → 1 up to time scales of order $$T=o(r^{-2}\left| {\log r}\right| ^{-2})$$ T = o ( r - 2 log r - 2 ) . To our knowledge this represents the first significant progress towards solving rigorously this problem in classical nonequilibrium statistical physics, since the groundbreaking work of Gallavotti (Phys Rev 185:308–322, 1969, Nota Interna Univ di Roma 358, 1970, Statistical mechanics. A short treatise. Theoretical and mathematical physics series, Springer, Berlin, 1999), Spohn (Commun Math Phys 60:277–290, 1978, Rev Mod Phys 52:569–611, 1980) and Boldrighini–Bunimovich–Sinai (J Stat Phys 32:477–501, 1983). The novelty is that the diffusive scaling of particle trajectory and the kinetic (Boltzmann-Grad) limit are taken simultaneously. The main ingredients are a coupling of the mechanical trajectory with the Markovian random flight process, and probabilistic and geometric controls on the efficiency of this coupling. Similar results have been earlier obtained for the weak coupling limit of classical and quantum random Lorentz gas, by Komorowski–Ryzhik (Commun Math Phys 263:277–323, 2006), respectively, Erdős–Salmhofer–Yau (Acta Math 200:211–277, 2008, Commun Math Phys 271:1–53, 2007). However, the following are substantial differences between our work and these ones: (1) The physical setting is different: low density rather than weak coupling. (2) The method of approach is different: probabilistic coupling rather than analytic/perturbative. (3) Due to (2), the time scale of validity of our diffusive approximation—expressed in terms of the kinetic time scale—is much longer and fully explicit.