Добірка наукової літератури з теми "621.317.4, 537.6"

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalizations in young children. We estimated the burden of community-onset RSV-associated hospitalizations among US children aged <2 years by extrapolating rates of RSV-confirmed hospitalizations in 4 surveillance states and using probabilistic multipliers to adjust for ascertainment biases. Methods From October 2014 through April 2015, clinician-ordered RSV tests identified laboratory-confirmed RSV hospitalizations among children aged <2 years at 4 influenza hospitalization surveillance network sites. Surveillance populations were used to estimate age-specific rates of RSV-associated hospitalization, after adjusting for detection probabilities. We extrapolated these rates using US census data. Results We identified 1554 RSV-associated hospitalizations in children aged <2 years. Of these, 27% were admitted to an intensive care unit, 6% needed mechanical ventilation, and 5 died. Most cases (1047/1554; 67%) had no underlying condition. Adjusted age-specific RSV hospitalization rates per 100 000 population were 1970 (95% confidence interval [CI],1787 to 2177), 897 (95% CI, 761 to 1073), 531 (95% CI, 459 to 624), and 358 (95% CI, 317 to 405) for ages 0–2, 3–5, 6–11, and 12–23 months, respectively. Extrapolating to the US population, an estimated 49 509–59 867 community-onset RSV-associated hospitalizations among children aged <2 years occurred during the 2014–2015 season. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of RSV as a cause of hospitalization, especially among children aged <2 months. Our approach to estimating RSV-related hospitalizations could be used to provide a US baseline for assessing the impact of future interventions.

Background:Most of the patients suffering from autoimmune and rheumatic diseases (AIRD) are on immunomodulator or immunosuppressive therapies and they are susceptible to infections including COVID19.Objectives:To assess the risk factors for hospitalization with COVID-19 in patients with AIRDMethods:A single centre retrospective observational study including patients with AIRD who had contracted COVID-19. Data was collected from all patients attending our clinic from September 2020 to January 2021. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups. Clinical, demographic, ongoing medications, comorbidities and post COVID flare data were collected and analysed using crosstabs-chi square and Mann-Whitney U test.Results:520 patients with AIRD were screened over the study duration, of which 52 patients who had contracted COVID-19 were included in the study. Amongst them, 19 patients (36.5%) required hospitalization. The common symptoms in the hospitalized patients over non-hospitalized were fever (63.2% vs 57.6), fatigue (42.1% vs 21.2%), headache (36.8% vs 18.2%), abdominal pain (26.3% vs 6.1%), myalgias (36.8 vs 18.2%) and dyspnea (31.6% vs 18.2%). The most common rheumatic conditions seen in both the groups were RA (42.1% vs 30.3%), SPA (26.3% vs 36.4%), and SLE with other CTD’s (15.8% vs 24.2%). 6 patients (11.5%) required ICU stay, 3 patients (5.7%) were ventilated, and 2 (3.8%) patients died.Patients requiring hospitalization were aged >50 years (p=0.018), had DM type II (p=0.003), HTN (p=0.035), multimorbidity (p=0.021), and a higher CORAD score (p<0.001). Usage of CsDMARDS, bDMARDS, TsDMARDS, corticosteroids did not show a significant difference between both the groups. Patients with >2 years of disease duration required hospitalization in comparison to <2 years of duration but this was not statistically significant.84.2% of hospitalized and 69.7% of non-hospitalized patients stopped anti-rheumatic treatment and disease flare was seen in 47.4% and 39.4% patients respectively.Conclusion:The rheumatic disease and their medications did not increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in this study. However, higher age, DM II, HTN, and high CORAD score were found to be associated with hospitalization in AIRD patients. The findings of this study are limited by a small sample size.Table 1.Demographic and Rheumatic disease specific data of COVID-19 patientsAll patients (n=52)Hospitalized (n=19)Non-hospitalized (n=33)p-valueAll patients (n=52)Hospitalized (n=19)Non-hospitalized (n=33)p-valueAge– n (%)45.73 (10.829)50.53 (10.905)42.97 (9.923)0.018Duration– n (%)>2 years14(26.9)3(15.8)11(33.3)0.147>2 years38(73.1)16(84.2)22(66.7)Gender (Male/Female)21 (40.4)/ 31 (59.6)7 (36.8) / 12 (63.2)14 (42.4)/ 19 (57.6)0.462Corticosteroids – n (%)No steroids18(34.6)5(26.3)13(39.4)0.294Low dose steroids33(63.5)13(68.4)20(60.6)BMI– n (%)Normal27 (51.9)8 (42.1)19 (57.6)0.528Moderate dose steroids1(1.9)1(5.3)0(0.0)Pre-obese19 (36.5)8 (42.1)11 (33.3)DMARDS (CS) – n (%)MTX25 (48.1)8 (42.1)17 (51.5)0.358Obesity6 (11.5)3 (15.8)3 (9.1)HCQ13 (25)5 (26.3)8 (24.2)0.560Disease– n (%)RA18(34.6)8(42.1)10(30.3)0.287LEF4 (7.7)3 (15.8)1 (3)0.132SPA17(32.7)5(26.3)12(36.4)0.335SSZ10 (19.2)6 (31.6)4 (12.1)0.090SLE and other CTD’S11(21.2)3(15.8)8(24.2)0.364Azathioprine2 (3.8)2 (10.5)0 (0)Others6(11.5)3(15.8)3(9.1)0.380Iguratimod3 (5.8)1 (5.3)2 (6.1)0.129Comorbidities-n (%)DM212(23.1)9(47.4)3.(9.1)0.003Combination13 (25.0)6 (31.6)7 (21.2)0.701DMARDS(B)– n (%)Adalimumab1 (20.0)0 (0)1 (25.0)0.659HTN13(25)8(42.1)5(15.2)0.035Etanercept1 (20.0)0 (0)1 (25.0)Rituximab3 (60.0)1 (100.0)2 (50.0)CKD2 (3.8)2 (10.5)0 (0)0.129CO RADS-n (%)011 (21.2)0 (0)11 (33.3)<0.00119 (17.3)0 (0)9 (27.3)Hypothyroidism12 (23.1)4 (21.1)8 (24.2)0.53723 (5.8)0 (0)3 (9.1)33 (5.8)2 (10.5)1 (3)Multimorbidity8(15.4)6(31.6)2(6.1)0.021411 (21.2)7 (36.8)4 (12.1)515 (28.8)10 (52.6)5 (15.2)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157 and six non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) serotypes (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, colloquially referred to as the “big 6”) have been classified as adulterants of raw nonintact beef products in the United States. While beef cattle are a known reservoir for the prototype STEC serotype, E. coli O157, less is known about the dissemination of non-O157 STEC serotypes in Australian cattle. In the present study, 1,500 fecal samples were collected at slaughter from adult (n =628) and young (n =286) beef cattle, adult (n =128) and young (n =143) dairy cattle, and veal calves (n = 315) across 31 Australian export-registered processing establishments. Fecal samples were enriched and tested for E. coli O157 and the big 6 STEC serotypes using BAX System PCR and immunomagnetic separation methods. Pathogenic STEC (pSTEC; isolates that possess stx, eae, and an O antigen marker for O157 or a big 6 serotype) were isolated from 115 samples (7.7%), of which 100 (6.7%) contained E. coli O157 and 19 (1.3%) contained a big 6 serotype. Four of the 115 samples contained multiple pSTEC serotypes. Among samples confirmed for big 6 pSTEC, 15 (1%) contained E. coli O26 and 4 (0.3%) contained E. coli O111. pSTEC of serotypes O45, O103, O121, and O145 were not isolated from any sample, even though genes indicative of E. coli belonging to these serotypes were detected by PCR. Analysis of animal classes revealed a higher pSTEC prevalence in younger animals, including veal (12.7%), young beef (9.8%), and young dairy (7.0%), than in adult animals, including adult beef (5.1%) and adult dairy (3.9%). This study is the largest of its kind undertaken in Australia. In contrast to E. coli O157 and consistent with previous findings, this study reports a relatively low prevalence of big 6 pSTEC serotypes in Australian cattle populations.

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of supplementation with a fixed combination of magnesium, vitamin B2, feverfew, andrographis paniculata and coenzyme Q10 in episodic migraine (EM) prevention. Methods: A pilot, single-arm, open-label study was conducted. After a one-month baseline period, the above-described supplementation was introduced in 113 EM Greek patients, who were prospectively followed-up for three months. The primary endpoint was the change in monthly migraine days between baseline period (BSL) and the third month of supplementation (T3). Secondary endpoints included changes in mean intensity of migraine and in days with use of acute migraine medications. Changes in scores of Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Migraine Therapy Assessment questionnaire (MTAQ), Migraine-Specific Quality-of-life questionnaire (MSQ-QOL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were also evaluated. Those with ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days at T3, compared to BSL were considered supplementation-responders. Results: The mean number of migraine days was significantly decreased between BSL and T3 (9.4 ± 3.7 vs. 6.1 ± 3.5; p < 0.001). Likewise, days with peak headache intensity of >4/10 (5.7 ± 3.4 vs. 4.9 ± 3.1; p < 0.001) as well as days using acute headache medications per month (8.9 ± 3.6 vs. 5.7 ± 3.4; p < 0.001) were significantly reduced. At T3, 64 patients (56.6%) were classified as responders. The beneficial effect of supplementation was also associated with significant changes in HIT-6, MIDAS, MTAQ and MSQ-QOL scores. There were no safety concerns. Conclusions: The supplementation we have tested appears to be an effective and well-tolerated preventive approach against EM. A randomized, placebo-controlled study is needed to confirm our results.

The aim of this paper was to identify which psycholinguistic variables are better predictors of performance for healthy participants in a picture naming task and in a picture categorization task. A correlation analysis and a Path analysis were carried out. The correlation analysis showed that naming accuracy and naming latency are significant and positively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables, whereas they are negatively correlated with H index. Reaction times in the categorization task were negatively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables and positively correlated with visual complexity variable. The Path analysis showed that subjective lexical frequency and H index are the better predictors for picture naming task. In picture categorization task, for reaction times, the better predictor variables were subjective lexical frequency, conceptual familiarity and visual complexity. 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Liveweight and age at first and second oestrus of Hereford, highgrade Simmental, and Belmont Red heifers were measured over 4 cohorts born from 1979 to 1982. Heifers were observed for standing oestrus or chin-ball markings by vasectomised bulls from about 7 months of age (May) to about 26 months (December). During this period they grazed predominantly improved pastures growing on cleared brigalow country in a subtropical environment. Hereford heifers demonstrated first and second oestrus at lower (P<0.05) liveweights (277 and 301 kg) than Belmont Reds (293 and 319 kg), which were lighter (P<0.05) than highgrade Simmentals (322 and 345 kg). Belmont Red heifers were younger (P<0.05) at first oestrus (527 days) than either Hereford (565 days) or highgrade Simmental (550 days), which were not significantly different. There was a similar pattern for age at second oestrus, except that only Belmont Red (583 days) and Hereford (617 days) differed significantly (P<0.05). However, 13% of heifers did not record a second oestrus during the observation period, in addition to the 7% that failed to record first oestrus by the end of the experiment. There was no difference between cohorts for liveweight at which heifers expressed first oestrus, but the cohort born in 1981 had higher liveweights at second oestrus than the 1979 and 1980 cohorts. Average age ranged from 476 to 613 days at first oestrus and 542 to 620 days at second oestrus over the 4 cohorts. This variation was a reflection of seasonal conditions, particularly during the period May-October following weaning at about 7 months of age. Only 6% of Hereford, 19% of highgrade Simmental, and 16% of Belmont Red heifers had reached puberty in time for seasonal mating as yearlings (about 15 months), and 88% of these were from the 1982 cohort.

The syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of 1 : 3 adducts formed between silver(I) (pseudo-) halides, AgX, and triphenylstibine, SbPh3, are described for X = Cl, I, SCN, NCS, CN, NO3 (1)-(6). The chloride, as its methanol solvate (1a), is isomorphous with the arsine analogue: triclinic, P-1, a 13·373(4), b 14·48(6), c 14·702(3) Å, α 83·49(3), β 87·76(2), γ 76·45(3)°; Z = 2, conventional R on F being 0·046 for No 5514 independent ‘observed’ reflections (I > 3σ(I )). A new form (1b) of the chloride has also been authenticated: monoclinic, P 21/c, a 12·832(2), b 54·24(1), c 18·519(8) Å, β 129·68(3)°; Z = 8 (R 0·065 for No 5672). No bromide has been obtained; the iodide (2) is described as monoclinic, P 21/n, a 19·611(4), b 14·473(6), c 17·74(1) Å, β 98·28(3)°; Z = 4 (R 0·036 for No 6769). The thiocyanate crystallizes from acetonitrile or pyridine as an S-bonded form (3) isomorphous with the arsine analogue: monoclinic, P 21/n, a 19·143(7), b 14·288(5), c 18·694(6) Å, β 98·81(2)°; Z = 4 (R 0·037 for No 4482). From 2-methylpyridine, remarkably, a solvate is obtained in which the thiocyanate is N-bonded (4): triclinic, P-1, a 27·261(5), b 14·767(3), c 13·319(1) Å, α 91·53(1), β 101·58(1), γ 92·29(2)°; Z = 4 (R 0·045 for No 6900). The cyanide is also monoclinic, P 21/n, a 19·442(7), b 14·267(3), c 17·741(6) Å, β 97·63(3)°, z = 4; R 0·057 for No 2487. The unsolvated 1 : 3 nitrate complex (6a) is monoclinic, P 21/n, a 19·602(5), b 14·455(1), c 17·727(2) Å, β 97·19(2)°, Z = 4; R was 0·034 for No 6522. The complex is isomorphous with the arsenic and phosphorus analogues, being mononuclear [(Ph3Sb)3Ag(O2NO)]. The ethanol solvate (6b) is triclinic, P-1, a 13·352(5), b 14·548(9), c 14·701(4) Å, α 81·64(4), β 84·45(3), γ 75·32(4)°, Z = 2; R was 0·058 for No 4702. Ag-Sb range between 2·6980(8) and 2·843(3) Å in the precise determinations; Ag-X are 2·481(4) and 2·52(1) Å (the two chlorides), 2·757(1) (I), 2·533(3) (SCN), 2·21(1) (NCS), 2· 09(3) (CN), 2·377(7) Å (unidentate ONO2)

Abstract Introduction In Colombia Breast cancer (BC), is the most frequent and has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. There are few studies of the genomic profile in unselected affected population by BC in Colombia. Some of these studies have only tested the presence of variants reported as founders named “Colombian Profile”.We conducted a large-scale genomic analysis using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) to evaluate germline mutations in unselected BC patients. Methods This trial included 299 unselected BC female patients aged over 18 years old, without personal and family history of germline BC risk mutations.The protocol was approved by the IRC and EC of Fundación Cardioinfantil (FCI). All patients signed informed consent before recruitment.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and was used to WES (Novogene Inc. Beijing, China). The variants were filtered using VarSeq v2.1.1 software, following the criteria: missense, non-sense, frameshift, and intronic variants, we additionally considered a MAF ≤0.01 for ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2 genes.Clinical significance of each variant was annotated according to the ACMG/AMP and ENIGMA guidelines.MLPA was assessed using the commercial kit SALSA MLPA Probemix P002-D1 for BRCA1 and P090-C1 for BRCA2 (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam).This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer. Results This abstract is the first report from 299 patients. To determine the presence of germline variants in the patients a WES was performed. Here we describe the pathogenic and probably pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2. We found BRCA1/2 alterations were found in 3.7% of the patients (11 patients, IC 95% 1.7-5.6%), 5 patients in BRCA1 and 6 patients in BRCA2 (1.7% IC 95% 0.7-4%, and 2% IC 95% 0.9-4.4% respectively). We found 29 patients had mutations unrelated to BRCA1/2 (9.5% IC 95% 5.8-11.7%). The most frequently affected gene was ATM (17 patients, 5.7% IC95% 3.6-9%). Discussion and conclusion We found that 12.2% of the population of the study were carriers of a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in the evaluated genes, and interestingly 9.5% of them corresponded to non-BRCA1/2 genes. ATM variants have a prevalence of 5.7% in the whole population and represent 42% of all the variants. Other mutations in genes like BRCA2, ATM and CHEK2 were exclusive in non-TNBC. Meanwhile, BRCA1 and PALB2 mutations had higher frequencies in TNBC. We identified five novel mutations.We demonstrate that LGRs are not an important molecular cause in non-hereditary cases of BC.27% of the carriers of mutations in BRCA1/2 did not fulfilled NCCN criteria and 82% of the mutations are not described in “Colombian Profile”. These findings demonstrate the particular genetic profile in an unselected population with breast cancer, and this highlights the importance of WES as a molecular diagnostic tool. We think that universal germline testing in cancer should be considered. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutationsVariableBRCA1 n (%, IC 95%)BRCA2 n (%, IC 95%)ATM n (%, IC 95%)PALB2 n (%, IC 95%)CHEK2 n (%, IC 95%)Median age37.4 (22.4 – 54.3)45.5 (36.2 – 54.7)53.1 (45.4 – 60.7)55.8 (27.9 – 83.5)NA*Age≤ 50 years4 (80, 11.1 – 99.2%)4 (66.7, 14.8 – 95.8%)8 (47.1, 23.5 – 80%)2 (50, 24.7 – 97.5)NA*&gt; 50 years1 (20, 0.7 – 88.9%)2 (33.3, 4 – 85%)9 (52.9, 28 – 76.5%)2 (50, 24.7 – 97.5)OverweightYes4 (80, 11 – 99-2%)(33.3, 4 – 85%)9 (52.9, 28 – 76.5%) 3 (75, 0.4 – 99.5%)NA*No1 (20, 0.8 – 88.9%)(66.7, 14.9 – 94.8%)8 (47, 23.5 – 80%)1 (25, 0.4 – 95.9%)Estrogen receptor(+)2 (0.9%, 0.2 – 3.5%)5 (2.2%, 0.9 – 5.3%)16 (7.1%, 4.4 – 11.3%)3 (1.3%, 0.4 – 4.1%)3 (1.3%, 0.4 – 4.1%)(-)3 (4.3%, 1.4 – 12.6%)1 (1.4%, 0.2 – 9.6%)1 (1.4%, 0,2 – 9.6%)1 (1.4%, 0.2 – 9.6%)1 (1.4%, 0.2 – 9.6%)Progesterone receptor(+)2 (0.9%, 0.2 – 3.5%)5 (2.2%, 0.9 – 5.3%)13 (6%, 3.7 – 10.5%)3 (1.3%, 0.4 – 4.1%)4 (1.9%, 0.7 – 5%)(-)3 (4.3%, 1.4 – 12.6%)1 (1.4%, 0,2 – 9.6%)4 (4%, 1.7 – 11.7%)1 (1.4%, 0.2 – 9.6%)0HER-2 3+Yes1 (1.3%, 0.2 – 8.5%)1 (1.3%, 0.2 – 8.5%)4 (5%, 1.9 – 12.7%)1 (1.3%, 0.2 – 8.5%)2 (2.5%, 0.6 – 9.6%)No4 (1.9%, 0.7 – 4.9%)5 (2.3, 0.1 – 5.5%)13 (6%, 3.5- 10.2%)3 (1.4%, 0.4 – 4.3%)2 (0.9%, 0.2 – 3.7%)ER/Pgr y HER-2 negativeYes2 (5.1, 1.3 – 18.7%)001 (2.5%, 0-3 – 16.5%)0No3 (1.2%, 0.4 – 3.6%)6 (2.3%, 1 – 5.1%)17 (6.6%, 4-2 – 10.4%)3 (1.2%, 0.4 – 3.6%)4 (1.6%, 0.6 – 4.1%)Ki67&lt;20%0 1 (16.7, 0.9 – 81%) 5 (29.4, 11.5 – 57.1)0NA*≥20%5 (100%)5 (83.3, 18.6 – 99%)12 (70.6, 42.8 – 88.5%)4 (100%)Median tumoral size mm (min-max)24 (19.6 – 47.8)21 (12.5 – 29.5)24.9 (19.6 – 30.3)27.6 (0 – 59)NA* Lymph nodes involvementYes1 (0.7%, 0.1 – 4.6%)2 (1.3%, 0.3 – 5.2%)10 (6.7%, 3.6 – 12.1%)3 (2%, 0.6 – 6.1%)4 (2.7%, 1 – 7%)1No4 (2.7%, 1 – 7%)4 (2.7%, 1 – 7%)7 (4.7%, 2.2 – 9.5%)1 (0.7%, 0.1 – 4.6%)0MetastasisYes00001 (9%, 1.1 – 46.6%)2No5 (1.9%, 0.8 – 4.5%)6 (2.3%, 1 – 5%)17 (5.7%, 3.5 – 9.3%)4 (1.5 – 0.5 – 4%)3 (1.1%, 0.4 – 3.5%)Clinical stage (AJCC)I2 (40, 3.7 – 91.9%)1 (16.7, 0.9 – 81.3%)4 (23.5, 81 – 51.8%)0NA*II2(40 3.7 – 91.9%)4 (66.7, 14.8 – 95.8%)7 (41.2, 19.3 – 67.3%)4 (100%)III1 (20, 0.7 – 88.9%)1 (16.7, 0.9 – 81.3%)6 (23-3, 15.2 – 62.3%)0IV0000Family history for cancerYes4 (80, 11.1 – 99.2%)5 (83.3, 9 – 81.4%)13 (76.5 – 48.2 – 91.9%)2 (50, 2- 97.5%)NA*No1 (20, 0.7 – 88-9)1 (16.7, 0.9 – 81.4%)4 (23, 8 – 51.8%)2 (50, 2- 97.5%)NCCN criteriaYes4 (2.4%, 0.9 – 6.3%)4 (2.4%, 0.9 – 6.3%)NA*NA*NA*No1 (0.8%, 0.1 – 5.9%)2 (1.7%, 0.4 – 6.6%)Colombian profileYes1 (50%, 19 – 98%)31(50%, 19 – 98%)3NA*NA*NA*No4 (13.5%, 5 – 35.5%)5 (17%, 7 – 40%) Citation Format: Diana Carolina Sierra-Díaz, Adrien Morel, Dora Janeth Fonseca, Nora Contreras, Mariana Angulo-Aguado, Valentina Balaguera, Kevin Llinás-Caballero, Isabel Munevar, Mariana Borras, Mauricio Lema, Henry Idrobo, Daniela Trujillo, Norma Serrano, Ana Isabel Orduz, Diego Lopera, Jaime Gonzalez, Gustavo Rojas, Paula Londoño, Ray Manneh, Catalina Quintero, Paul Laissue, Rodrigo Cabrera, Carlos M Restrepo, William Mantilla. Genetic profile of germline mutations in unselected women with breast cancer in a Colombian population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-05.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising efficacy against HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, data on its real-world efficacy in AGC patients are insufficient, and the predictive marker of T-DXd is unclear. In this multi-center retrospective study, we collected clinical information of 18 patients with HER2-positive AGC who received T-DXd after intolerant or refractory responses to at least two prior regimens and analyzed predictive factors. The median age was 71 years (range: 51–85), 13 men were included, and ECOG performance status (PS): 0/1/2/3 was 9/6/2/1. A total of 11 patients (61%) received prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 14 patients were HER2 3+, and 4 patients were HER2 2+/FISH positive. The median trastuzumab (Tmab)-free interval was 7.7 months (range: 2.8–28.6). The overall response rate was 41%, and the disease control rate was 76%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.6–6.5), and median overall survival (OS) was 6.1 months (95% CI: 3.7–9.4). PFS (6.5 vs. 2.9 months, p = 0.0292) and OS (9.2 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.0819) were longer in patients who received prior ICIs than in those who had not. PFS (6.5 vs. 3.4 months, p = 0.0249) and OS (9.4 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.0426) were longer in patients with an 8 month or longer Tmab-free interval. In patients with ascites, PFS (6.5 vs. 2.75 months, p = 0.0139) and OS (9.4 vs. 3.9 months, p = 0.0460) were shorter. T-DXd showed promising efficacy in HER2-positive AGC patients in a real-world setting. Pre-administration of ICIs and a sufficient Tmab-free interval may be predictive factors of T-DXd efficacy.

ABSTRACTBacteriophages UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87 were encapsulated in liposomes, and their efficacy in reducingSalmonellain poultry was then studied. The encapsulated phages had a mean diameter of 309 to 326 nm and a positive charge between +31.6 and +35.1 mV (pH 6.1). In simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.8), the titer of nonencapsulated phages decreased by 5.7 to 7.8 log units, whereas encapsulated phages were significantly more stable, with losses of 3.7 to 5.4 log units. The liposome coating also improved the retention of bacteriophages in the chicken intestinal tract. When cocktails of the encapsulated and nonencapsulated phages were administered to broilers, after 72 h the encapsulated phages were detected in 38.1% of the animals, whereas the nonencapsulated phages were present in only 9.5%. The difference was significant. In addition, in anin vitroexperiment, the cecal contents of broilers promoted the release of the phages from the liposomes. In broilers experimentally infected withSalmonella, the daily administration of the two cocktails for 6 days postinfection conferred similar levels of protection againstSalmonellacolonization. However, once treatment was stopped, protection by the nonencapsulated phages disappeared, whereas that provided by the encapsulated phages persisted for at least 1 week, showing the enhanced efficacy of the encapsulated phages in protecting poultry againstSalmonellaover time. The methodology described here allows the liposome encapsulation of phages of different morphologies. The preparations can be stored for at least 3 months at 4°C and could be added to the drinking water and feed of animals.

A total of 65 Przeworsk culture features were discovered in the Żelazna Nowa cemetery. This number included a rectangular groove feature, urned cremations (6), alleged/damaged urned cremations (14), unurned cremations (14), alleged/fully or partly damaged unurned cremations (27), pits containing no bone material (4), undtermined cremations (2), pits containing no archeological material (1). All of the explored burials are cremations. However, a more detailed analysis encounters problems due to the state of preservation of the graves. Features 3, 19A and 19B, 30, 33, 37, 39 have been confidently identified as urned cremations. In many other features fragments of ceramic vessels were found, which may be remains of damaged urns: 18, 21, 23, 25, 31, 35, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, and 58. Certain unurned cremations are 4, 6, 7, 8, 11–13, 15–17, 22, 24, 32, and 34. The interpretation of the remaining features is uncertain. Among the features uncovered in the cemetery were pits containing no bones: 5, 60, 61, 62, as well as pits containing no archaeological material at all: 55. The majority of unurned cremations contained pyre debris, while no such remains were observed in the following damaged unurned cremations: 15, 40–42, 45, 61, 62. There were a few cases of double burials identified. Three unurned cremations (6, 13, 15) and one urned cremation (39) contained bones of Infans I and an undetermined individual, while feature 19 contained two urns with individual burials: Infans II and an undetermined individual. Urned cremations, and one alleged unurned cremation (56), are distinguished by a higher standard of furnishing and a considerably larger amount of bone remains. This can be given two interpretations: a higher status of those buried there, or different rituals used for urned and unurned cremations. In two graves the urn was covered with an upturned vessel (features 33 and 37). In one case, an apotropaic behaviour characteristic of the Przeworsk culture was recorded, involving driving sharp objects into the pit’s bottom: in grave 41 these were two spearheads.