Статті в журналах: "5G mobile communication systems"

1

Ancans, Guntis, Vjaceslavs Bobrovs, Arnis Ancans, and Diana Kalibatiene. "Spectrum Considerations for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Procedia Computer Science 104 (2017): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.01.166.

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Srikanth Kamath, H., Sreelakshmi ., Muthyala Siri Chandana Reddy, and Chelsea Camilo Monteiro. "Overview of Device-to-Device Communication and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24546.

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5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standards. 5G technology needs to be specified, developed, and deployed by a variety of industry players including network equipment vendors, network operators, semiconductor vendors, and device manufacturers. The scope of 5G will range from mobile phones to next-generation automobiles. Device to Device (D2D) Communication is regarded as a promising technology in 5G to provide low power, high data rate and low latency. Introducing D2D poses many challenges and risks to the longstanding cellular architecture, which is centred on the base station.

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3

Dymkova, Svetlana. "APPLICABILITY OF 5G SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENT AND GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 7, no. 5 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2021-7-5-36-48.

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5G is the latest generation of mobile cellular technology, which is designed to significantly increase Internet speed, coverage and reduce the data packet transfer time in wireless networks. 5G brings together all latest and most advanced developments of mankind in terms of communications and IT. This is the limit of existing technologies of microelectronics and data radio transmission. The new generation of 5G mobile communication has a number of fundamental advantages compared to 4G: higher data transfer rate; low signal delay; the ability to connect more devices; high energy efficiency; multiply increased throughput; high user mobility. Another important difference of 5G deserves attention – large-scale virtualization. The new technology goes beyond just hardware solutions. Many functions in it are implemented not at the level of physical infrastructure, but in a software way. This article covers the topic of applicability of GNSS and 5G mobile communications. The material of article will tell you why GNSS and 5G are interesting and how User Equipment developers can start shaping the 5G device market today.

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Park, Jae-Sung, and Beom-Joon Kim. "Trends and Technical Requirements for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2015.10.11.1257.

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Seo, Jun-Bae, Bang Chul Jung, and Hu Jin. "Nonorthogonal Random Access for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 8 (August 2018): 7867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2825462.

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6

Kim, Jun Suk, Jae Sheung Shin, Sung-Min Oh, Ae-Soon Park, and Min Young Chung. "System Coverage and Capacity Analysis on Millimeter-Wave Band for 5G Mobile Communication Systems with Massive Antenna Structure." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/139063.

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The use of a millimeter-wave band defined as a 30–300 GHz range is significant element for improving performance of 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems. However, since the millimeter-wave signal has peculiar propagation characteristics especially toward non-line-of-sight regions, the system architecture and antenna structure for 5G mobile communications should be designed to overcome these propagation limitations. For realization of the 5G mobile communications, electronics and telecommunications research institute (ETRI) is developing central network applying various massive antenna structures with beamforming. In this paper, we have introduced the central network and evaluated the system coverage and capacity through C++ language-based simulations with real geospatial information.

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Mahdi Salih, Layla, Thuraya Mahmood Al-Qaradaghi, and Jalal Jamal Hamad Ameen. "An investigation of low-density parity-check codes and polar codes for future communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp110-120.

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In the fifth-generation (5G) era and future, mobile internet and internet of things (IoT) are the driving forces for mobile communications’ development. The three main 5G usage scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), require improvement in throughput, reliability, and latency as compared with the previous fourth generation (4G) system. In this paper, an investigation is done on the coding part of the wireless communication systems. Two channel coding types; low-density parity-check (LDPC) code which is used as the coding scheme for data transmission, and Polar code which is utilized for control in 5G are discussed. Moreover, simulations are performed to assess their performance. The simulation results revealed the superiority of polar code for transmitting short information messages and LDPC for transmitting long data messages. The use of LDPC and polar codes in 5G communication systems is justified by their ability to accommodate a wide range of data lengths and code rates, as well as their good bit error rate (BER) performance. Furthermore, the effect of the number of iterations on the BER performance of LDPC code and different decoding algorithms of polar code are considered.

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8

Lee, Sang-Hoon, Sangwon Seo, Soochang Park, and Tae-Sung Kim. "Fast Connectivity Construction via Deep Channel Learning Cognition in Beyond 5G D2D Networks." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101580.

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Along with the recent advance in wireless networking and data processing technologies, demands for low latency communication (LLC) are increasing in a wide variety of future-driven autonomous applications such as a smart factory, self-driving cars, and so on. The fifth generation of cellular mobile communications (5G) will cover this need as one of three key capacities in their usage scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The 5G systems are composed of mobile devices and various internet of things (IoT) devices for sensing, acting, and information services; they configure diverse networking topologies such as direct mobile-to-mobile, also known as device-to-device (D2D). In the 5G D2D network systems, the network topologies are easily broken because of the mobile devices such as smartphones, IoT devices, and so on. Thus, for the highly flexible and extensible 5G D2D network systems, mobility support for the mobile devices is necessary. In this paper, we first explore the mobility issues in beyond 5G D2D. Since there are static and mobile elements in the 5G application domains such as the smart factory, overall mobility would lead to highly frequent topology reconfiguration or connectivity reconstruction. Thus, latency-related problems derived from topology changes and connectivity failures due to the mobility are addressed. To handle the problems, a fast connectivity construction scheme, denoted by LMK, is proposed with a deep neural network dealing with learning on radio signal information in order to achieve the LLC. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide reliable connectivity for the MAC layer link with a low latency data transmission.

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9

Gupta, Manisha, Arun Kumar, and Shikha Bharti. "FBMC Vs OFDM: 5G Mobile Communication System." International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 10, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscc.2019.10019229.

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Kumar, Arun, Shikha Bharti, and Manisha Gupta. "FBMC vs. OFDM: 5G mobile communication system." International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 10, no. 3 (2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscc.2019.100534.

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11

Gohar, Moneeb, Jin-Ghoo Choi, and Seok-Joo Koh. "TRILL-Based Mobile Packet Core Network for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Wireless Personal Communications 87, no. 1 (August 20, 2015): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3035-5.

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12

Et.al, T. Padmapriya. "Designing on Optical Wireless Communication for 5G Mobile Applications." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 1472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.945.

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The emphasis of this paper is on designing 5G networks infrastructure, offering a better wireless and optical network segment transport scheme with domains for applications for mobile phones. Identify the appropriate set of power grid wireless (optical/optical) technologies) and processing modules needed to facilitate 5G mobile services in an energy-efficient a two-stage optimization framework and the premium way is suspected. A multi-objective method in the first iteration is for optimization, where reflects on the element of the transport network strives to jointly reduce the expenditures on investment of the 5G mobile network. This is done to determine the minimum mobile technologies for wireless and optical power grids. The second stage focuses on the branch of the web server and aims to define effective modules of processing to which 5G operational systems need to be distributed. The performances of the proposal are investigated using separate clustering algorithms, reasonable traffic statistics choices such as mm-wave and optical passive networks (PONs) for optical grid transport, fixed, and elastic networks in Bristol, UK, via a city-wide topology. To give more advantages to 5G applications, our paper proposed a 5G communication using optical wireless technology.

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13

Agrawal, Reeya. "Comparison of Different Mobile Wireless Technology (From 0G to 6G)." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 4799–839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.4799ecst.

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Networks and the value they provide. Mobile wireless technology has evolved from Zero Generation (0G) through the first, second, and third-generation systems during the last several decades to increase Quality of Service (QoS), efficiency, and performance. There is now a shift to implementing fourth-generation (4G) systems. Shortly, mobile devices will have access to 4G and 5G networks. 1G technology made mass mobile wireless communication possible. Since analog technology was superseded by digital in the 1990s, two-generation (2G) wireless communication has evolved tremendously. New converged networks that simultaneously handle voice and data transmission are emerging due to 3G technology's focus on voice communication. Currently, "5G" isn't being used in official situations. 5G research aims to expand the WWW, dynamic ad hoc wireless networks, and more. People have been involved in the Mobile Wireless Generation from one generation to another.

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14

Ancans, G., A. Stafecka, V. Bobrovs, A. Ancans, and J. Caiko. "Analysis of Characteristics and Requirements for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0028.

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Abstract One of the main objectives of the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems, also known as IMT-2020, is to increase the current data rates up to several gigabits per second (Gbit/s) or even up to 10 Gbit/s and higher. One of the possibilities to consider is the use of higher frequencies in order to enlarge the available bandwidth. Wider bandwidth is necessary to achieve much higher data rates. It should be noted that wireless broadband transmission technologies require frequencies for their development. The main goal of the research is to investigate the characteristics and requirements of 5G mobile communication systems. The paper provides an insight into deployment scenario and radio wave propagation in frequencies above 24 GHz of IMT-2020.

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15

Chao, Han-Chieh, Hsin-Hung Cho, Timothy K. Shih, and Chi-Yuan Chen. "Bacteria-Inspired Network for 5G Mobile Communication." IEEE Network 33, no. 4 (July 2019): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2019.1700210.

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16

M, Mrs Raju, Syed Mohamed Ibrahim Badhusha J, and Harini M. "Re-shaping the Gaming Industry after 5G." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42142.

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Abstract: The fifth generation of wireless communications (5G) is a revolutionary technology that plays a key role in the development of all sectors, including multimedia and entertainment. These systems have become an existential part of our society, industry, science, and more. On the other hand, intensive research is underway in many aspects of the 5th generation wireless communication network. This network has features with a higher mobile data volume, typical user data rate, number of connected devices, and lower end-to-end latency. There is a growing demand for the development and design of 5G multimedia and entertainment communication applications, technologies, and theories. In the context of 5G wireless communication networks, new theories and technologies support a variety of multimedia applications such as entertainment, gaming and social media, audio and video, medical imaging, surveillance videos, business transactions, and Internet-based streams of things. This paper focuses on the possibilities and outcomes of how 5G makes drastic changes in the gaming sector. Keywords: 5G, gaming, lower end-to-end latency, higher mobile data volume, typical user data rate

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17

Urošević, Uglješa, and Zoran Veljović. "A concept of future sixth generation wireless networks: 6G." Tehnika 76, no. 3 (2021): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2103335u.

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Simultaneously with the beginning of the implementation of the fifth generation wireless networks (5G systems), the research of the next generation mobile wireless systems - the sixth generation network 6G, has began. Having in mind the already started considerations on the components of the future 6G technology, it is necessary to follow the given technological trends, which are waiting for us beyond 5G era. This paper will explain the range of communication needs and technologies within the future 6G. 6G is expected to include three main aspects, mobile ultra broadband, super Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper will present an overview of the crucial technology that is planned to achieve the first two aspects. In particular, THz communication could be used to support mobile ultra-broadband, while symbiotic radio and satellite communications to support super IoT. For each technology, the basic basic principle of functioning, key challenges and currently current approaches and solutions will be given. It will be especially emphasized what 6G brings in relation to 5G, ie what are the key new characteristics.

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18

Ali, Rashid, and Hyung Seok Kim. "Applied Mathematics for 5th Generation (5G) and beyond Communication Systems." Mathematics 10, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162946.

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Khezzar, Djamel, Djamel Khedrouche, and Tayeb A. Denidni. "60 GHz Broadband LTCC Antenna for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200101.

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This paper provides a numerical investigation in designing wideband circularly polarized 60 GHz antenna using Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology (LTCC). The LTCC provides high-density multilayer integration, low dielectric loss, and low costs. The use of LTCC technology is advantageous for easy and flexible 3D integration and freer vias distribution in the substrate. The designed antenna focuses on obtaining a better trade-off in terms of size, gain, circular polarization (CP), and large bandwidth. The circular polarization was chosen in order to minimize the transmission errors caused by polarization inconsistency between the transmitter and the receiver. The antenna geometry is developed taking into consideration the design rules of the LTCC with a layer thickness of 100 µm after firing and a metal layer thickness of 9 µm. A bandwidth of more than 33% centered at 60 GHz was obtained for this designed multilayer antenna. The results are obtained by using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The proposed integrated antenna can be used in future 5G wireless communication systems and other 60 GHz spectrum applications.

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Shaikh, Sarmad Ahmed, Muneer Ahmed Shaikh, Ruqiya, Muhammad Arshad Khan, Kamlesh Kumar Khatri, Asif Ali Wagan, and Fatima Zohra Shaikh. "What You Should Know About Next Generation 6G Mobile Technology." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i24.35335.

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The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology though, is being deployed in various parts of the world to improve the wireless systems in terms of infrastructure and quality of services, in view of mobile communication history, the 5G may be unable to handle the deluge mobile network traffic of the future digital society. In general, new wireless technologies are introduced every 10 years, and services mature every 20 years, and therefore sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technologies, which have a great potential to impact on the market, are expected to be commercialized around 2030. In order to secure technological leadership in mobile communication, which is an essential infrastructure for everyday life and industrial sites, advanced countries around the world have begun to develop 6G technology. The expected main features of the 6G technology include: providing 10 to 100 times more performance than 5G, maximizing performance by utilizing the terahertz band which was not utilized by existing communication networks before, use artificial intelligence techniques for smart networking, and combining the previously isolated technologies. This paper provides an overview on the profile, advancements, implications, architecture, expected applications, and challenges of the futuristic 6G wireless communication systems described by innovative researchers and major global organizations.

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Li, Hao, Lu Xu, Feng Qian, and Yong Zhou. "Train-mounted Broadband Monopole Antenna for 5G Communication." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 7 (August 19, 2021): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360709.

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As a convenient and efficient public transport system, high speed railway (HSR) was rapidly deployed in China. Since the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system is commercially applied, it is necessary for mobile terminals antennas to cover multiple operating bands to be compatible with various communication systems. Here a HSR-mounted broadband and high-gain monopole antenna is proposed. By using the meander technology and introducing the tapered structure, the proposed antenna operates over a bandwidth of 694-960 MHz and 1350-5975 MHz (VSWR<1.8), which covers both 2G-5G mobile communication and WiFi frequency bands. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 400 mm × 330 mm × 78 mm. The measured average gain is 6.11 dBi over the entire bandwidth.

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Haripriya, M. P., and P. Venkadesh. "Subtractive Gradient Boost Clustering for Mobile Node Authentication in Internet of Things Aware 5G Networks." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2021.9394.

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The 5G mobile wireless network systems faces a lot of security issues due to the opening of network and its insecurity. The insecure network prone to various attacks and it disrupts secure data communications between legitimate users. Many works have addressed the security problems in 3G and 4G networks in efficient way through authentication and cryptographic techniques. But, the security in 5G networks during data communication was not improved. Subtractive Gradient Boost Clustered Node Authentication (SGBCNA) Method is introduced to perform secure data communication. The subtractive gradient boost clustering technique is applied to authenticate the mobile node as normal nodes and malicious nodes based on the selected features. The designed ensemble clustering model combines the weak learners to make final strong clustering results with minimum loss. Finally, the malicious nodes are eliminated and normal mobile nodes are taken for performing the secured communication in 5G networks. Simulation is carried out on factors such as authentication accuracy, computation overhead and security level with respect to a number of mobile nodes and data packets. The observed outcomes clearly illustrate that the SGBCNA Method efficiently improves node authentication accuracy, security level with minimum overhead than the state-of-the-art-methods.

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23

Li, Yueheng, Sven Bettinga, Joerg Eisenbeis, Jerzy Kowalewski, Xiang Wan, Xueyun Long, Teng Li, Alisa Jauch, Tiejun Cui, and Thomas Zwick. "Beamsteering for 5G Mobile Communication Using Programmable Metasurface." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, no. 7 (July 2021): 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3073975.

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Saeki, Masaomi, Shintaro Oyama, Hidemasa Yoneda, Shingo Shimoda, Tsukasa Agata, Yutaka Handa, Satoshi Kaneda, and Hitoshi Hirata. "Demonstration experiment of telemedicine using ultrasonography and telerehabilitation with 5G communication system in aging and depopulated mountainous area." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221129074.

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Objective The challenges of an aging population worldwide are the increased number of people needing medical and nursing care and inadequate medical resources. Information and communication technologies have progressed remarkably, leading to innovations in various areas. 5G communication systems are capable of high-capacity, high-speed communication with low latency and are expected to transform medicine. We aimed to report a demonstration experiment of telerehabilitation and telemedicine using a mobile ultrasound system in a depopulated area in a mountainous terrain, where 32% of the population are 65 years or older. Methods At the core hospital, a physician or physical therapist remotely performed ultrasonography or rehabilitation on a subject in a clinic. Five general residents participated in the telerehabilitation as subjects. The delay time and video quality transmitted with 5G and long-term evolution (LTE) communication systems were compared. The physician or physical therapist subjectively evaluated the quality and delay of the transmitted images and subject acceptability. Results Of seven physical therapists, six and three responded that the video quality was “good” for telerehabilitation with 5G/4K resolution and LTE, respectively. Five physical therapists and one physical therapist reported that the delay time was “acceptable” with 5G/4K resolution and LTE, respectively. For telemedicine using a mobile ultrasound system, the responses for 5G were “the delay was acceptable” and “rather acceptable.” In contrast, both respondents’ responses for LTE were “not acceptable.” Conclusions Multiple high-definition images can be transmitted with lower latency in telerehabilitation and telemedicine using mobile ultrasound imaging systems with a 5G communication system. These differences affected the subjective evaluation of the doctors and physical therapists.

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Sturdivant, Rick. "5G Systems and Packaging Opportunities." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000233.

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Abstract 5G systems are being developed to meet the ever increasing desire for additional data bandwidth in mobile devices. Two enabling technologies for these systems are millimeter-wave electronics and phased arrays. Phased arrays have traditionally been used on military radar and satellite systems. However, they provide the capability to direct communication antenna beams directly to users or groups of users. In fact, standards committees agree that all network elements (including base stations, Access Points, and User Equipment) will be equipped with directional steerable antennas and can direct their beams in specific directions. In other words, phased arrays will be deployed at a variety of points in the 5G system even down to user equipment such as mobile phones, tablets, and lap tops. However, the components and modules used in 5G systems come with their unique packaging challenges. Those challenges will be described and some solutions will be given. 5G systems alternatives will also be described based on several architectures that are available for phased arrays. The two main reasons they are a challenge to package will be described. Several alternative solutions including heterogeneous packaging and 3D integration are described.

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Kehl, Pierre, Junaid Ansari, Mohammad Hossein Jafari, Paul Becker, Joachim Sachs, Niels König, Amon Göppert, and Robert H. Schmitt. "Prototype of 5G Integrated with TSN for Edge-Controlled Mobile Robotics." Electronics 11, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111666.

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The digitization of industries enables a rapid transformation from mass production to individualized manufacturing. Communication plays an essential role in this digital transformation; in particular, wireless communication enables a high degree of flexibility, dynamic interactions, and mobility support in production systems. This paper presents an implementation of a 5G system with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and analyzes a typical industrial use case involving cloud-controlled mobile robots. A prototype setup integrating 5G in a TSN network has been completed to evaluate the 5G-TSN performance for industrial applications. The integrated 5G and TSN prototype has been evaluated with over the air tests in an industrial shopfloor using TSN features of traffic shaping and scheduling.

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Gnilenko, A. B., and S. V. Plaksin. "Millimeter wave patch antenna array for 5G wireless communication systems." Journal of Physics and Electronics 27, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331934.

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Millimeter waves are now considered as an important part of 5G spectrum. Higher frequencies provide larger bandwidth giving the ability to support very high data rate, ultra high capacity and very low latency. The utilization of millimeter wave frequency bands for 5G mobile applications requires effective solutions in the design of antennas and antenna arrays which are the key parts of modern communication systems. In this paper a 4x4 microstrip patch antenna array sub-module is presented to be a part of 5G wireless communication system. The antenna array is designed and optimized to operate at a frequency of 85 GHz which corresponds to the middle of the second atmospheric transparency window. The antenna array is simulated using the time domain solver of the CST Microwave Studio software package. Simulation results are demonstrated and discussed for an optimized array. The designed patch antenna array provides good directivity characteristics with a main lobe magnitude of 16 dBi, angular width of 28 degree and can be applied as a part of a wireless communication system operating at a high frequency band of 5G frequency range.

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Yadav, Shatrughna Prasad. "Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation Techniques for 5G and Beyond Wireless Communication Systems." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.2.423.

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Higher data rates, higher mobility, lower latency, and better quality of service are the prime requirements for future communication systems. It is expected to provide connectivity to the Internet of everything, time-sensitive/time-engineered application, and service to high-fidelity holographic society. Its performance in terms of data rate, latency, synchronization, security, and reliability will be much better compared to 4G and 5G mobile communication systems. This paper investigates the performance of the pulse shaping-based filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation technique used in 5G mobile communication systems. Simulation results show that the FBMC system has a better performance compared to the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in terms of many parameters such as achievable channel capacity, signal to noise ratio, time, and frequency response, out of band leakage, etc.

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Nassim, Aarab Mohamed, and Chakkor Otman. "Millimeter-Wave Channel Estimation using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8597.0210421.

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With the explosive growth in demand for mobile data traffic, the contradiction between capacity requirements and spectrum scarcity becomes more and more prominent. The bandwidth is becoming a key issue in 5G mobile networks. However, with the huge bandwidth from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, mmWave communications considered an important part of the 5G mobile network providing multi communication services, where channel state information considers a challenging task for millimeter wave MIMO systems due to the huge number of antennas. Therefore, this paper discusses the channel and signal models of the mmWave, with a novel formulation for mmWave channel estimation inclusive low rank features, that we improved using a developed theory of matrix completion with Alternating Direction Method.

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Kozel, V. M., D. A. Podvornaya, and K. A. Kovalev. "Peal factor of signals of 5G mobile service systems." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-6-5-10.

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This article discusses the possible formats of signals of 5G mobile communication networks (NR, IMT-2020): configurations of the number of resource blocks and frequency shifts of subcarriers. modulation schemes, organizations of the physical level, as well as the broadband signals of these networks and, as a result, the need for introducing a margin on the linearity of the transceiver’s paths to eliminate distortion or the manifestation of blocking effects when the signal interferes with third-party means. We analyze the characteristics of the dynamic range of the signals from IMT-2020 ground mobile systems and make a conclusion about the noise-like signals. To find the ratio of the maximum amplitude to its average value and a given ratio not exceeded with a given probability, the Matlab mathematical models were used. We infer that the law of probability distribution of the module of the instantaneous amplitude of the 5G signals corresponds to the distribution characteristic of narrow-band radio noise. Based on the study, the peak factor of the signal of the IMT-2020 ground mobile systems for various variations is obtained and a sufficient level of power reserve is provided to ensure, with high probability, the transmission of the 5G signals through radio paths, eliminating signal distortion. The results of this study were applied in the examination of the electromagnetic compatibility of radio electronic devices of cellular mobile communications with existing and promising electronic means of civil and special purposes and in the study of the protection of ground satellite stations from the effects of radio electronic means of IMT-2020 cellular mobile telecommunication networks located at border territories.

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31

YOKOHASHI, Hiroto, Sayaka MATSUKAWA, Yui OTAGAKI, Hidehisa SHIOMI, Masahiro SATO, Yoshikazu TOBA, Satoru KUROKAWA, and Hiroshi MURATA. "Antenna-Coupled Electrode Electro-Optic Modulators for 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Review of Laser Engineering 48, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.48.1_37.

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32

Kumar, Arun, and Manisha Gupta. "Keys Technology and Problem in Deployment of 5G Mobile Communication Systems." Communications on Applied Electronics 1, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae-1513.

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33

Huang, Ray Yeuh-Min, Victor C. M. Leung, Chin-Feng Lai, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, and Roy X. Lai. "Reconfigurable software defined radio in 5g mobile communication systems [Guest editorial]." IEEE Wireless Communications 22, no. 6 (December 2015): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2015.7368819.

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34

Chen, Yu. "Visual Communication Design Based on 5G Technology." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1699213.

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The progress of science and technology and the rapid development of the Internet have made the visual communication design full of unprecedented yearning and passion for the new scientific and technological civilization. This research mainly discusses the visual communication design under 5G technology. For the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G), its brand new network architecture design can provide 10 to 20 times higher peak rate, millisecond-level network transmission delay, and 100 billion device-level network connectivity than 4G. It will open up a new era of extensive interconnection of all things and deep human-computer interaction for human society. This paper starts with the relationship between visual communication and various media, so as to prove that the development of mobile media will be inevitable, especially in environment, the visual expression and the innovation in design style. In order to reflect the inner will of the audience in the environment of rapid development of information, this article. It analyzes the changes brought by the development of mobile media to the visual communication design at this stage, predicts the development trend of visual communication, and tries to point out that the development of 5G communication technology is bringing a new round of revolution to the design industry. As a design researcher, it should pay attention to the impact of technological changes on the design field. By exploring suitable design methods, the application of visual communication in mobile media under 5G technology conditions can be better realized. Starting from the background of the evolution and development of media, this paper analyzes the reasons for the rise of 5G technology, as well as the characteristics of 5G technology and its advantages in communication. At the same time, it deeply analyzes the connotation and involved fields of visual communication design and expounds the promotion and influence of the reform of media technology. It focuses on analyzing the development level of 5G technology and the new thinking brought by visual communication design. The article also puts forward the origin of the research. 58.1% of the evaluators were satisfied with the impact of 5G technology on visual communication. Visual design, interaction design, and usability design are all indispensable factors in interface design. When designing, they are not designed in isolation from each other but interact with each other. When carrying out any one of the designs, the design influence of the other two should be combined, and the changes of each one should affect the design of the other two. For example, interaction design and usability issues must be considered when determining the visual presentation of an interface. It can be seen that the design process of the interface is a comprehensive design process. This research helps to advance the development of visual communication design in the future.

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35

Jiang, Hao, Yujie Xue, Jie Zhou, Zhen Chen, Jian Dang, and Liang Wu. "A 3D Cylinder MIMO Channel Model for 5G Macrocell Mobile-to-Mobile Communication Systems." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 119350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937403.

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36

Hsu, Ching-Fang, Lein Harn, Zhe Xia, and Hang Xu. "Practical Undeniable Multiparty Drawing-Straw Protocol in Asynchronous Networks for Resource-Constrained Information Systems." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (May 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6841428.

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The next generation of mobile networks and communications (5G networks) has a very strong ability to compute, store, and so on. Group-oriented applications demonstrate their potential ability in resource-constrained information systems (RISs) towards 5G. The security issues in RIS towards 5G have attracted great attention. For example, how to conduct fair and orderly multiparty communication in an intelligent transportation system (ITS). One of the main challenges for secure group-oriented applications in RIS towards 5G is how to manage RIS communications fairly in multiparty applications. In other words, when the users cannot transmit their messages simultaneously, the order of their communication can cause security concerns in multiparty applications. A feasible solution to the problem is for the group of users to follow a specific order to transmit their messages. Otherwise, some users may take advantage over other users if there has no agreeable order to be followed. In this paper, we propose a novel cryptographic primitive, called multiparty drawing-straw (MDS) protocol, which can be used by a group of users to determine the order of the group to participate in the multiparty applications. Our scheme is based on Pedersen’s verifiable secret sharing (VSS), which is a well-known scheme. Our proposed protocol is fair since the output is uniformly distributed, and this is an attractive feature for secure multiparty applications in RIS towards 5G.

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37

Yang, Lei, Yeh-Cheng Chen, and Tsu-Yang Wu. "Provably Secure Client-Server Key Management Scheme in 5G Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4083199.

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The increasing demand for real-time data transmission in wireless mobile communication networks has promoted the maturity of mobile communication technology. Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology is combined with cloud computing, high-frequency signal transmission, and other technologies and perfectly fits with the client-server architecture. 5G has been applied in many fields, such as the interconnection of smart devices, virtual reality, and cloud-based life. To provide the security and availability of the required services, we proposed a key management scheme based on the multiserver architecture of the client-server mode in 5G networks, which uses bilinear pairings and elliptic curve cryptography. Through informal security analysis and formal analysis (under the random oracle model and ProVerif tool), we demonstrated that the proposed scheme can complete mutual authentication and resist common network attacks. Furthermore, after the performance analysis of our scheme and other related schemes, it was found that this scheme has relatively low communication and computation costs and better security performance.

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Zhang, Zhaoyun, and Qitong Wang. "Application Status and Prospects of 5G Technology in Distribution Automation Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (April 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553159.

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With the continuous development of 5G (5th generation mobile networks) communication technology, increasing attention has been paid to the integration of 5G technology and vertical industry. Based on the consideration of power security, the large-scale application of 5G in the power industry will start from the distribution grid and gradually extend to the high-voltage power grid. There have been some powerful attempts to apply 5G technology in distribution grid automation, distribution grid relay protection, and distribution grid monitoring. This article will summarize the application of 5G technology in these fields, focuses on the analysis of possible problems in technical standards, network security, application costs, and signal coverage, and will propose reasonable prospects and thoughts on the integration of 5G technology and distribution grids.

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39

Yargin, Sergey Vadimovich. "Fifth generation (5G) telecommunication systems and human health." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 1 (2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2201-06.

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Reviews of experimental and epidemiological studies on supposed damaging and carcinogenic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves have been published recently. This review is focused on millimeter waves used in 5G communication systems. The literature on this topic is controversial; some reports are of questionable objectivity. Under these conditions, importance of theoretical argumentation increases. Millimeter waves have low penetration depth being absorbed by the skin and visible mucous membranes. It is concluded in this review that there is no convincing evidence of non-thermal mechanisms of tissue damage under the impact of millimeter waves. Theoretically, there is no reason to expect more damaging or carcinogenic effects from electromagnetic radiation per unit of absorbed energy than from infrared rays. Bias and systematic errors are possible in epidemiological studies. According to conclusions of international organizations, the incidence of brain tumors has generally not reacted to the global spread of mobile communications. The incidence increase in some regions and age groups can be explained by improvements of magnetic resonance and other diagnostic methods. In the recent past, cumulative time of mobile phone use was associated with personal incomes and, correspondingly, with diagnostic quality and frequency of examinations. This bias could explain some correlations between the mobile phone use and incidence of certain diseases. Reliable results can be obtained in animal experiments comparing the average life duration in experimental and control groups. To make results extrapolable to humans, exposure parameters in experiments must be comparable to those associated with professional activities or cell phone use.

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40

Yargin, Sergey Vadimovich. "Fifth generation (5G) telecommunication systems and human health." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 1 (2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2201-06.

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Анотація:

Reviews of experimental and epidemiological studies on supposed damaging and carcinogenic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves have been published recently. This review is focused on millimeter waves used in 5G communication systems. The literature on this topic is controversial; some reports are of questionable objectivity. Under these conditions, importance of theoretical argumentation increases. Millimeter waves have low penetration depth being absorbed by the skin and visible mucous membranes. It is concluded in this review that there is no convincing evidence of non-thermal mechanisms of tissue damage under the impact of millimeter waves. Theoretically, there is no reason to expect more damaging or carcinogenic effects from electromagnetic radiation per unit of absorbed energy than from infrared rays. Bias and systematic errors are possible in epidemiological studies. According to conclusions of international organizations, the incidence of brain tumors has generally not reacted to the global spread of mobile communications. The incidence increase in some regions and age groups can be explained by improvements of magnetic resonance and other diagnostic methods. In the recent past, cumulative time of mobile phone use was associated with personal incomes and, correspondingly, with diagnostic quality and frequency of examinations. This bias could explain some correlations between the mobile phone use and incidence of certain diseases. Reliable results can be obtained in animal experiments comparing the average life duration in experimental and control groups. To make results extrapolable to humans, exposure parameters in experiments must be comparable to those associated with professional activities or cell phone use.

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41

Almutairi, Mubarak S. "Deep Learning-Based Solutions for 5G Network and 5G-Enabled Internet of Vehicles: Advances, Meta-Data Analysis, and Future Direction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6855435.

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The advent of the 5G mobile network has brought a lot of benefits. However, it prompted new challenges on the 5G network cybersecurity defense system, resource management, energy, cache, and mobile network, therefore making the existing approaches obsolete to tackle the new challenges. As a result of that, research studies were conducted to investigate deep learning approaches in solving problems in 5G network and 5G powered Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). In this article, we present a survey on the applications of deep learning algorithms for solving problems in 5G mobile network and 5G powered IoV. The survey pointed out the recent advances on the adoption of deep learning variants in solving the challenges of 5G mobile network and 5G powered IoV. The deep learning algorithm solutions for security, energy, resource management, 5G-enabled IoV, and mobile network in 5G communication systems were presented including several other applications. New comprehensive taxonomies were created, and new comprehensive taxonomies were suggested, analysed, and presented. The challenges of the approaches are already discussed in the literature, and new perspective for solving the challenges was outlined and discussed. We believed that this article can stimulate new interest in practical applications of deep learning in 5G network and provide clear direction for novel approaches to expert researchers.

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42

Liu, Penghui, Jingran Feng, Weitao Ge, Hailong Wang, Xin Liu, Dongming Wang, Tiecheng Song, and Jianping Chen. "A System-Level Performance Evaluation for a 5G System under a Leaky Coaxial Cable MIMO Channel for High-Speed Trains in the Railway Tunnel." Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081185.

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As one of the typical application scenarios in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, the situation of high-speed mobile communication is receiving increasing attention. The railway tunnel is a typical environment for high-speed mobile communications. Railway tunnels for high-speed trains are generally installed with leaky coaxial cables (LCXs), which can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves through slots; thus, providing communication. To evaluate the system-level performance of the LCX channel in a tunnel, we propose a modified geometrically based single-bounce multiple-input-multiple-output (GBSB-MIMO) channel model considering the effect of Doppler spread. The time-domain statistics of the channel model are studied from numerical simulations. Based on the proposed channel model, we also simulate and analyze the effects of different factors on the 5G system-level performance, including the interval of cable slots and the quantity and location of LCX.

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43

Nikbakht, Homa, Michèle Wigger, Malcolm Egan, Shlomo Shamai (Shitz), Jean-Marie Gorce, and H. Vincent Poor. "An Information-Theoretic View of Mixed-Delay Traffic in 5G and 6G." Entropy 24, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050637.

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Fifth generation mobile communication systems (5G) have to accommodate both Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services. While eMBB applications support high data rates, URLLC services aim at guaranteeing low-latencies and high-reliabilities. eMBB and URLLC services are scheduled on the same frequency band, where the different latency requirements of the communications render their coexistence challenging. In this survey, we review, from an information theoretic perspective, coding schemes that simultaneously accommodate URLLC and eMBB transmissions and show that they outperform traditional scheduling approaches. Various communication scenarios are considered, including point-to-point channels, broadcast channels, interference networks, cellular models, and cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). The main focus is on the set of rate pairs that can simultaneously be achieved for URLLC and eMBB messages, which captures well the tension between the two types of communications. We also discuss finite-blocklength results where the measure of interest is the set of error probability pairs that can simultaneously be achieved in the two communication regimes.

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44

Sayed Kotb, Mohamed El, Wagdy R. Anis, and Ahmed A. Abd-Elhafez. "Towards using UAV for improving 5G cellular communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp265-272.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have sparked a lot of interest in the wireless networking community as an emerging subject in aerial robotics. The UAV environment can be used to improve UAV communications in various ways. These smart devices cater for a broad variety of wireless technologies and applications because of UAV's inherent features related to versatile mobility in 3D space, autonomous operations as well as intelligent positioning. This study will investigate the convergence synergies between 5G/B5G mobile systems and UAV technologies, with the UAV being integrated into current cellular networks as a modern aerial user equipment (UE). In this integration, UAVs play the function of cellular flying customers, and are hence referred to as cellularly linked UAVs (a.k.a. UAVUE, drone-UE, 5G-connected drone, or aerial user). The major goal of this research is to provide a thorough analysis of the integration task, as well as major technical breakthroughs from 5G/B5G and current work in prototyping architecture and field trials that support cell-based UAVs. This study examines recent 3GPP standards advances as well as socio-economic challenges that must be addressed before this promising technology can be properly implemented. There are already some accessible issues clearing the way for potential study opportunities.

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45

Chen, Rong, and Lan Chen. "Dual Threshold Self-Corrected Minimum Sum Algorithm for 5G LDPC Decoders." Information 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11070355.

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Fifth generation (5G) is a new generation mobile communication system developed for the growing demand for mobile communication. Channel coding is an indispensable part of most modern digital communication systems, for it can improve the transmission reliability and anti-interference. In order to meet the requirements of 5G communication, a dual threshold self-corrected minimum sum (DT-SCMS) algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders is proposed in this paper. Besides, an architecture of LDPC decoders is designed. By setting thresholds to judge the reliability of messages, the DT-SCMS algorithm erases unreliable messages, improving the decoding performance and efficiency. Simulation results show that the performance of DT-SCMS is better than that of SCMS. When the code rate is 1/3, the performance of DT-SCMS has been improved by 0.2 dB at the bit error rate of 10 − 4 compared with SCMS. In terms of the convergence, when the code rate is 2/3, the number of iterations of DT-SCMS can be reduced by up to 20.46% compared with SCMS, and the average proportion of reduction is 18.68%.

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46

Wang, Qian, Ning Mu, LingLi Wang, Safieddin Safavi-Naeini, and JingPing Liu. "5G MIMO Conformal Microstrip Antenna Design." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7616825.

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With the development of wireless communication technology, 5G will develop into a new generation of wireless mobile communication systems. MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology is expected to be one of the key technologies in the field of 5G wireless communications. In this paper, 4 pairs of microstrip MIMO conformal antennas of 35 GHz have been designed. Eight-element microstrip Taylor antenna array with series-feeding not only achieves the deviation of the main lobe of the pattern but also increases the bandwidth of the antenna array and reduces sidelobe. MIMO antennas have been fabricated and measured. Measurement results match the simulation results well. The return loss of the antenna at 35 GHz is better than 20 dB, the first sidelobe level is −16 dB, and the angle between the main lobe and the plane of array is 60°.

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47

Ibrahim, Nor Adibah, Tharek Abd Rahman, and Olakunle Elijah. "Recent Trend in Electromagnetic Radiation and Compliance Assessments for 5G Communication." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp912-918.

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The deployment of the 5G networks will feature high proliferation of radio base station (RBS) in order to meet the increasing demand for bandwidth and also to provide wider coverage that will support more mobile users and the internet-of-things (IoT). The radio frequency (RF) waves from the large-scale deployment of the RBS and mobile devices will raise concerns on the level of electromagnetic (EM) radiation exposure to the public. Hence, in this paper, we provide an overview of the exposure limits, discuss some of the effects of the EM emission, reduction techniques and compliance assessment for the 5G communication systems. We discuss the open issues and give future directions.

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48

McKeever, Padraic, Abhinav Sadu, Shubham Rohilla, Zain Mehdi, and Antonello Monti. "Ensuring Uninterrupted MTC Service Availability during Emergencies Using LTE/5G Public Mobile Land Networks." Telecom 1, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom1030013.

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During emergencies LTE/5G-based public mobile land networks (PLMNs) restrict network access by normal users, which means a lack of service reliability which limits application of LTE/5G for machine-type communication (MTC) in critical applications, such as power systems This paper shows how existing LTE/5G features can be used to differentiate MTC of devices in a microgrid from other MTC or human-to-human (H2H) communication and ensure that these microgrid devices have service during emergencies, which enables use of LTE/5G communication to co-ordinate the use of distributed energy resources (DER) in microgrids, so that they can autarkically perform blackout recovery of an islanded microgrid. It is shown that this method allows the blackout recovery 100 times faster than with a conventional black start. The microgrid blackout recovery is demonstrated using the LTE/5G PLMN Access Barring feature. The disadvantage of using PLMN-based Access Barring is the need to define two separate PLMNs in one radio cell, which is an inefficient use of radio spectrum. However, this can be avoided by using the Extended Access Class Barring (EAB) override or application-specific congestion control (ACDC) features of the CAT-M1 low-power wide-area MTC technology, which are included in LTE and 5G standards.

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49

Chirivella-Perez, Enrique, Juan Gutiérrez-Aguado, Jose M. Alcaraz-Calero, and Qi Wang. "NFVMon: Enabling Multioperator Flow Monitoring in 5G Mobile Edge Computing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (August 14, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2860452.

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With the advances of new-generation wireless and mobile communication systems such as the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, demanding applications such as Ultra-High-Definition video applications is becoming ever popular. These applications require real-time monitoring and processing to meet the mission-critical quality of service requirements and are expected to be supported by the emerging fog or edge computing paradigms. This paper presents NFVMon, a novel monitoring architecture to enable flow monitoring capabilities of network traffic in a 5G multioperator mobile edge computing environment. The proposed NFVMon is integrated with the management plane of the Cloud Computing. NFVMon has been prototyped and a reference implementation is presented. It provides novel capabilities to provide disaggregated metrics related to the different 5G mobile operators sharing infrastructures and also about the different 5G subscribers of each of such mobile operators. Extensive experiments for evaluating the performance of the system have been conducted on a mid-sized infrastructure testbed.

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50

Sahrab, Ammar A., and Alaa Doohee Yaseen. "Filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for improved 5G systems." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.3119.

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Wireless communications became an integrated part of the human life. Fifth generation (5G) is the modern communication which provides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communication (mMTC). Thus, 5G have to provide coverage to multi-numerology devices, therefore, modulation and access schemes are suggested in the literature such as cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and filtered OFDM (f-OFDM). CP-OFDM suffers from the high out of band emission which limited the multi-numerology applications. In f-OFDM, the out of band emission can be suppressed to an accepted extent such that different numerologies can be coexisting. On the other hand, f-OFDM can be more improved by using a proper filtering approach. In this paper three different filters are suggested based windowed-sinc function; Hanning, Hamming, and Blackman. Simulation results show that the proposed filters are promising for high spectral efficiency and out of band emission rejection. Furthermore, the bit error rate, error vector magnitude, and power spectral density are further improved with respect to CP-OFDM scheme but some trade-off is present. Overall, the suggested windowed-sinc filters are outperforming the traditional CP-OFDM. As a conclusion, the suggested windnowed-sinc filters have no limitations on the modulation order or the number of subcarriers utilized in the system.

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