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Caldwell, Aaron R., Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Carson Keeter, Evan C. Johnson, François Péronnet, and Matthew S. Ganio. "Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 76, Suppl. 1 (2020): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515375.
Анотація:
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (<i>n</i> = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3–8 h after the D<sub>2</sub>O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (−438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; <i>p</i> < 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (−74.7 ± 572 mOsm; <i>p</i> = 0.45), or urine volume (−32 ± 1,376 mL; <i>p</i> = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.
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Pramoda, R., N. Shafitri, B. V. Indahyanti, A. Zulham, S. Koeshendrajana, C. Yuliaty, U. Muawanah, et al. "Utilization of fish resources in the Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone within the Fishery Management Area of 573: Case study in Rote Ndao Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 869, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012018.
Анотація:
Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) affirms that the government has sovereign rights, jurisdiction, and obligations in Indonesia’s EEZ. Indonesia has an interest in protecting sovereign rights and increasing state revenues in the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). That sovereign right is to use fishery resources responsibly for the benefit of the nation and society as a whole. The sole purpose of this qualitative research is to optimize fisheries utilization in the Rote Ndao Regency whose waters include the Fisheries Management Area of 573 (FMA-573) in the EEZ. The analysis had been carried out with a case study approach and then descriptively elaborated. The results showed that: 1) the use of fisheries in FMA-573 was carried out by traditional fishermen (using vessels ≤10 Gross Tonnage/GT) and fishermen using vessels >29 GT; 2) supervision is still needed for the improvement of ships and human resources; 3) there are still violations of territorial waters by traditional Indonesian fishermen. The policy recommendations that must be carried out by the government are: 1) encouraging local fishermen to catch fish in the FMA-573 area by providing stimulus for ships and fishing gear; 2) allocate budget to purchase a new fleet of ships and add supervisors; 3) increase the number of fishery instructors to foster and socialize the boundaries of Indonesia’s EEZ with Australia.
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Duraes, Eliana F., Mohammed Asif, Ashley Modica, Giulia Sikorski, C. Scott Hultman, and Julie Caffrey. "863 Drug Addiction and Opioid Use in the Acute Burn Patient." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S269—S270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.429.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction In light of the opioid crisis, there is an increased interest in the acute pain management of patients with history of drug addiction. There is no consensus on pain management among different burn centers and the amount of narcotic prescription reportedly doubled over a seven year period according to Tully in 20191. Our aim was to study the association of previous drug addiction history and the treatment of acute burn patients with special interest on the daily morphine equivalent requirements. Methods A prospectively maintained database was queried to study acute burn patients admitted in a reference burn center from 2013 to 2018. Patients with a previous history of drug addiction (group 1) were compared to patients without it (group 2). Drug abuse was defined as patients with history of opioids abuse, heroin, cocaine, cannabis, inhalants, and alcoholism, specifically those with diagnostic codes on file. The expected mortality was calculated using the Premier® database. A p0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 3046 patients were studied, 502 (16.5%) had previous history of drug abuse on file. Compared to group 2, group 1 had: more males - 343 (68.3%) vs 1456 (57.2%) p0.001; was younger - 45.7914.65 vs 52.0219.57 p0.001; required intubation at a higher rate - 100 (19.9%) vs 329 (12.9%) p0.001; longer intubation period - 2.4310.05 vs 1.377.71 p0.001; had a prolonged admission - 13.8728.82 vs 8.4816.58 p0.001; more surgeries - 1.213.30 vs 0.71.58 p=0.002, and a higher daily morphine milligram equivalent requirement - 148.34320.56 vs 56.0297.81 p0.001. The groups had similar expected mortality rates: 3.03% vs 3.56%p=0.483; which may be partly explained by the fact that the drug use history is not accounted for on the formula. No significant difference was seen on the burned area between the groups. Conclusions Drug addiction was associated with increased need for intubation and length of intubation, prolonged admission, increased surgery rate and a higher daily morphine equivalent usage. Further studies are necessary guide the treatment of the specific needs of these increasingly common burn patients subgroup and also to define the need of including the history of drug use on the expected mortality rate formula. Applicability of Research to Practice This study adds to the literature differences in the treatment of burn patients with history of drug addiction and highlights the need for specific protocols for improved care.
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Zhang, Jian Hui, Jian Wu, Petre Alexandrov, Terry Burke, Kuang Sheng та Jian Hui Zhao. "1836 V, 4.7 mΩ•cm2 High Power 4H-SiC Bipolar Junction Transistor". Materials Science Forum 527-529 (жовтень 2006): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.1417.
Анотація:
This paper reports recent progress in the development of high power 4H-SiC BJTs based on an improved device design and fabrication scheme. Near theoretical limit high blocking voltage of VCEO=1,836 V has been achieved for 4H-SiC BJTs based on a drift layer of only 12 μm, doped to 6.7x1015 cm-3. The collector current measured for a single cell BJT with an active area of 0.61 mm2 is up to IC=9.87 A (JC=1618 A/cm2). The collector current is 7.64 A (JC=1252 A/cm2) at VCE=5.9 V in the saturation region, corresponding to an absolute specific on-resistance (RSP_ON) of 4.7 m9·cm2. From VCE=2.4 V to VCE= 5.8 V, the BJT has a differential RSP_ON of only 3.9 m9·cm2. The current gain is about 8.8 at Ic=5.3 A (869 A/cm2). This 4H-SiC BJT shows a V2/RSP_ON of 717 MW/cm2, which is the highest value reported to date for high-voltage and high-current 4H-SiC BJTs. A verylarge area 4H-SiC BJT with an active area of 11.3 mm2 is also demonstrated.
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Ciombor, Kristen Keon, Jennifer Whisenant, Dana Backlund Cardin, Laura Williams Goff, Satya Das, Michael Schulte, Allison Cohen, et al. "CB-839, panitumumab, and irinotecan in RAS wildtype (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Phase I results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.574.
Анотація:
574 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved in RAS WT mCRC; however, patients (pts) will develop resistance to these agents. Alterations in glutamine (Gln) metabolism play a critical role in cancer cell growth. In cancers such as CRC, EGFR and Gln cooperate to provide signals and fuel for mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent cell growth. Our in vitro data show that Gln abrogates EGFR inhibition, and blockade of Gln transport restores sensitivity. We also observed a greater antitumor response in vivo with EGFR mAb plus CB-839, an inhibitor of a rate-limiting enzyme of Gln metabolism, than either agent alone. We designed a phase I/II study (NCT03263429) to evaluate CB-839 + panitumumab + irinotecan in anti-EGFR refractory RAS WT mCRC. Methods: Dose escalation used a Bayesian continual reassessment method targeting a 25% toxicity probability. CB-839 (600 mg or 800 mg twice daily [BID]) were evaluated with panitumumab (6 mg/kg) and irinotecan (180 mg/m2). Irinotecan was included in phase I to establish a future phase II dose of the triplet. Prior EGFR mAb treatment (tx) was not required for phase I. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was any tx-related non-hematologic ≥Gr 3 toxicity (except fatigue, rash, or elevated liver enzymes) or ≥Gr 4 hematologic toxicity during the first 28 days. Results: Nine pts have been enrolled; 2 were not evaluable for DLT and replaced. Zero DLTs were observed at dose level 1 (n = 3) or 2 (n = 4); 2 more pts are needed to confirm the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Most frequent toxicities were anemia and hypomagnesemia (88%) and elevated alkaline phosphatase, nausea, and rash (75%), most ≤Gr 2. One of 7 evaluable pts (14%) has an ongoing partial response, and 5 pts had stable disease (SD; 71%). Three pts have been on tx > 6 months, and 3 pts with prior EGFR mAb tx achieved SD. Conclusions: Triplet combination was tolerable at full doses of each drug, and preliminary antitumor activity was observed in a majority of pts. Phase II will begin after phase I completion and will evaluate efficacy of CB-839 (800 mg BID) and panitumumab (6 mg/kg). Imaging studies using investigational PET tracers to evaluate Gln metabolism as a function of tumor response are planned. Clinical trial information: NCT03263429.
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Göpfert, Eberhard, and Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. "Rezension von: Badisches Landesmuseum (Hrsg.), Die Renaissance im deutschen Südwesten ..." Württembergisch Franken 73 (October 11, 2023): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wfr.v73i.8069.
Анотація:
Die Renaissance im deutschen Südwesten zwischen Reformation und Dreißigjährigem Krieg. Eine Ausstellung des Landes Baden-Württemberg vom 21.6. bis 19.10. 1986. Hrsg.: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe 1986. 975 S., Abb. (2 Bde.)Bibliotheca Palatina. Ausstellung der Universität Heidelberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana. Katalog zur Ausstellung vom 8.7. bis 2.11.1986. Heiliggeistkirche Heidelberg. Hrsg von Elmar Mittler. Heidelberg: Edition Braus 1986. Textbd. XVI, 552 S.; Bildbd. 328 S.
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Emmerick, Isabel Cristina Martins, Mônica Rodrigues Campos, Debora Castanheira, Jessica Muzy, Aline Marques, Luisa Arueira Chaves, and Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva. "Lung Cancer Screening in Brazil Comparing the 2013 and 2021 USPSTF Guidelines." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 12 (December 11, 2023): e2346994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46994.
Анотація:
ImportanceIt is estimated that, from 2023 to 2025, lung cancer (LC) will be the second most frequent cancer in Brazil, but the country does not have an LC screening (LCS) policy.ObjectiveTo compare the number of individuals eligible for screening, 5-year preventable LC deaths, and years of life gained (YLG) if LC death is averted by LCS, considering 3 eligibility strategies by sociodemographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness research study assessed 3 LCS criteria by applying a modified version of the LC-Death Risk Assessment Tool (LCDRAT) and the LC-Risk Assessment Tool (LCRAT). Data are from the 2019 Brazilian National Household Survey. Participants included ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years. Data analysis was performed from February to May 2023.ExposuresExposures included ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2013 guidelines (ever-smokers aged 55 to 80 years with ≥30 pack-years and &lt;15 years since cessation), and USPSTF 2021 guidelines (ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years with 20 pack-years and &lt;15 years since cessation).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the numbers of individuals eligible for LCS, the 5-year preventable deaths attributable to LC, and the number of YLGs if death due to LC was averted by LCS.ResultsIn Brazil, the eligible population for LCS was 27 280 920 ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years (13 387 552 female [49.1%]; 13 249 531 [48.6%] aged 50-60 years; 394 994 Asian or Indigenous [1.4%]; 3 111 676 Black [11.4%]; 10 942 640 Pardo [40.1%]; 12 830 904 White [47.0%]; 12 428 536 [45.6%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 12 860 132 [47.1%] living in the Southeast region); 5 144 322 individuals met the USPSTF 2013 criteria for LCS (2 090 636 female [40.6%]; 2 290 219 [44.5%] aged 61-70 years; 66 430 Asian or Indigenous [1.3%]; 491 527 Black [9.6%]; 2 073 836 Pardo [40.3%]; 2 512 529 [48.8%] White; 2 436 221 [47.4%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 2 577 300 [50.1%] living in the Southeast region), and 8 380 279 individuals met the USPSTF 2021 LCS criteria (3 507 760 female [41.9%]; 4 352 740 [51.9%] aged 50-60 years; 119 925 Asian or Indigenous [1.4%]; 839 171 Black [10.0%]; 3 330 497 Pardo [39.7%]; 4 090 687 [48.8%] White; 4 022 784 [48.0%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 4 162 070 [49.7%] living in the Southeast region). The number needed to screen to prevent 1 death was 177 individuals according to the USPSTF 2013 criteria and 242 individuals according to the USPSTF 2021 criteria. The YLG was 23 for all ever-smokers, 19 for the USPSTF 2013 criteria, and 21 for the USPSTF 2021 criteria. Being Black, having less than a high school education, and living in the North and Northeast regions were associated with increased 5-year risk of LC death.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness study, USPSTF 2021 criteria were better than USPSTF 2013 in reducing disparities in LC death rates. Nonetheless, the risk of LC death remained unequal, and these results underscore the importance of identifying an appropriate approach for high-risk populations for LCS, considering the local epidemiological context.
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Mthembu, L., J. T. Masuka, K. Duze, and A. Mosam. "The characteristics of dermatology inpatients seen at the quaternary Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban, South Africa, over a 5-year period – 2015 - 2020." South African Medical Journal 114, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2024.v114i1.1098.
Анотація:
Background. In recent years, dermatology has been offered as an outpatient service, with decreasing inpatient dermatology admissions. However, dermatology consultation services have remained active, offering care to patients admitted for non-cutaneous indications by other specialties.Objectives. To describe the clinical spectrum and characteristics of inpatient dermatology diseases managed at a quaternary South African (SA) hospital. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed and analysed electronic records of all dermatology inpatients managed by dermatologists from 2015 to 2020 at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) in Durban, South Africa. Demographic and clinical data on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 dermatology diagnosis and admitting specialty were collected and analysed. Results. A total of 4 867 patients were managed by the IALCH dermatology service during the study period. Females accounted for 2 527 (51.9%), while black African, coloured, Indian/Asian, white and unclassified patients constituted 3 146 (64.6%), 106 (2.2%), 1 129 (23.2%), 431 (8.9%) and 55 (1.1%), respectively. The median (interquartile range) age of the study population was 42.0 (28.0 - 58.0) years. Of 867 patients, 183 (3.8%) were dermatology inpatient admissions, whereas the remainder, 4 684 (96.2%), were seen as consults from other specialties. Most (1 010 (20.7%)) of the dermatology consults were received from plastic and reconstructive surgeons, while bacterial infections, decubitus ulcers and lower limb ulcers were the three most common referred diagnoses overall. Conclusion. A broad range of diagnoses is managed through the dermatology inpatient service, particularly as consultations. These services remain essential in the holistic management of patients.
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Nafiz ÜNALMIŞ, Ahmet. "KİTAP DEĞERLENDİRME-HAMİT EMRAH BERİŞ, SİYASAL DÜZENİN SINIRLARI DEMOKRASİ, DEMOKRATİKLEŞME VE KATILIMCI SİYASET, TEZKİRE YAY., İSTANBUL, 2015, 233 SAYFA, ISBN:978-605-983-502-2." Social Sciences Studies Journal 4, no. 20 (January 1, 2018): 2614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.860.
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Gee, Andrew J., Lisa A. Groen, and Mitchell E. Johnson. "Erratum to: ‘‘Determination of fatty acid amides as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection’’ [J. Chromatogr. 849 (1999) 541–552]." Journal of Chromatography A 859, no. 1 (October 1999): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00888-2.
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Huang, Xue Gang, Long Zhang, Zhong Min Zhao, and Chuan Zeng Pan. "Microstructures, Properties and Fracture Behavior of Solidified TiC-TiB2 Composites with Increasing Content of TiB2." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.685.
Анотація:
By adjusting the mole ratio of C and B elements in combustion system, solidified TiC-TiB2 composites with different TiB2 mole fraction were achieved by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field. XRD, FESEM and EDS results showed that with increasing TiB2 content, the matrix of TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics transformed a number of fine TiB2 platelets from the TiC spherical grains, and fine-grained even ultrafine-grained microstructures were achieved in solidified TiC-50mol% TiB2 due to eutectic growth under rapid solidification of the ceramic. Properties showed that relative density, Vickers hardness and flexural strength of TiC-50mol%TiB2 simultaneously reached the maximum values of 21.5 ± 1.5 GPa and 860 ± 35 MPa , whereas TiC-66.7mol%TiB2 presented the maximum fracture toughness of 13.5 ± 1.5 MPa • m0.5. FESEM fractography analyses of the ceramics exhibited a mixed mode of transcrystalline fracture of TiC spherical grains and intercrystalline fracture of TiB2 platelets, and the tendency of intercrystalline fracture was obviously enhanced with increasing TiB2 content to be 66.7 mol%, resulting in enhanced toughening mechanisms of crack deflection, crack-bridging and pull-out by fine TiB2 platelets, thus, the highest flexural strength was achieved in TiC-50mol%TiB2 due to the achievements of both fine-grained microstructures and high fracture toughness in the full-density solidified ceramics.
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VAN WALRAVEN, KLAAS. "JUBILEE IN QUESTION - 50 Jahre Unabhängigkeit in Afrika: Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Perspektiven. Edited by Thomas Bierschenk and Eva Spies. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, 2012. Pp. 572. €58, paperback (isbn978-3-89645-829-2)." Journal of African History 55, no. 1 (March 2014): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000868.
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Hillier, Grant, Raymond Kan, and Xiaolu Wang. "COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT RECURSIONS FOR TOP-ORDER INVARIANT POLYNOMIALS WITH APPLICATIONS." Econometric Theory 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466608090075.
Анотація:
The top-order zonal polynomials Ck(A), and top-order invariant polynomials Ck1,…,kr (A1, …, Ar) in which each of the partitions of ki, i = 1, …, r, has only one part, occur frequently in multivariate distribution theory, and econometrics — see, for example, Phillips (1980, Econometrica 48, 861–878; 1984, Journal of Econometrics 26, 387–398; 1985, International Economic Review 26, 21–36; 1986, Econometrica 54, 881–896), Hillier (1985, Econometric Theory 1, 53–72; 2001, Econometric Theory 17, 1–28), Hillier and Satchell (1986, Econometric Theory 2, 66–74), and Smith (1989, Journal of Multivariate Analysis 31, 244–257; 1993, Australian Journal of Statistics 35, 271–282). However, even with the recursive algorithms of Ruben (1962, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 33, 542–570) and Chikuse (1987, Econometric Theory 3, 195–207), numerical evaluation of these invariant polynomials is extremely time consuming. As a result, the value of invariant polynomials has been largely confined to analytic work on distribution theory. In this paper we present new, very much more efficient, algorithms for computing both the top-order zonal and invariant polynomials. These results should make the theoretical results involving these functions much more valuable for direct practical study. We demonstrate the value of our results by providing fast and accurate algorithms for computing the moments of a ratio of quadratic forms in normal random variables.
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Opala, A., and S. Baker. "P.031 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP): time to maximal recovery." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s1 (June 2019): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.131.
Анотація:
Background: The response of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) to Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG) treatment is well established . However, determination if patients not responding to 2 IVIG treatments or those whose condition stabilizes (ICE Trial) may benefit from additional doses remains unclear. We aim to identify time period required to reach maximal strength gains from IVIG treatment. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 14 patients with CIDP was performed. Change in Grip strength (GS), Knee extension (KE), Elbow Flexion (EF) and Dorsflexion(DF) was analyzed with a dynamometer during IVIG therapy. Averages for : percent change from baseline(Max%Δ),cumulative grams(g) of IVIG and time in weeks(w) required for maximal strength recovery was determined per function (+/−SEM).Anciliary therapy for all patients was recorded. Results: Strongest improvement was observed for DF(124+/−30%,p<0.001), followed by KE(113+/−19%,p<0.01),GS(100+/−21%,p<0.001) and EF(98+/−14%p<0.05).GS improved the fastest(19.1+/−3w) followed by DF(29.5+/−7w),KE(29.6+/−4w) and EF(31+/−6w). Cumulative IVIG dose to reach Max%Δ was highest for EF(869+/−201g) and lowest for GS(573+/−78g). Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated effectiveness of multiple treatments with IVIG to reach significant improvement in strength. Different muscle groups manifested different time-dependency ,reflecting variable amounts of IVIG required. Improvement was identified to be present on a ongoing basis ,with therapy lasting between 19.1-31 weeks,requiring between 869-573g of IVIG.
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Craig, Donald C., Marcia L. Scudder, Wendy-Anne McHale, and Harold A. Goodwin. "Structural Studies of Complexes of Tridentate Terimine Systems. Crystal Structure of Bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) Perchlorate Hydrate, Bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)- osmium(II) Perchlorate Hemihydrate and Bis((1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)amine)iron(II) Tetrafluoroborate Dihydrate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 12 (1998): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98118.
Анотація:
The crystal structures of bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) perchlorate hydrate, bis(2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine)osmium(II) perchlorate hemihydrate and bis((1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)- amine)iron(II) tetrafluoroborate dihydrate are described. In the terpyridine complexes the ruthenium-nitrogen distances and the corresponding osmium-nitrogen distances are not significantly different. In both complexes the ligand geometry and the metal ion environment show the distortions usual for bis(terpyridine) systems. Distortions are less marked in the bis((1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)amine)iron(II) cation in which each tridentate unit forms one five-membered and one six-membered chelate ring. [Ru(trpy)2] [ClO4]2.(H2O)1.1: tetragonal, space group I 41/a, a, b 12·527(2), c 40·202(11) Å, Z 8. [Os(trpy)2] [ClO4]2.(H2O)0·5: monoclinic, space group P 21/n, a 8·842(3), b 8·861(1), c 39·22(2) Å, β93·89(2)°, Z 4. [Fe(phpyam)2] [BF4]2.(H2O)2: triclinic, space group P -1, a 12·43(1), b 12·45(1), c 13·35(1) Å, α 62·70(10), β 78·55(8), γ 72·46(9)°, Z 2.
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Jones, T. R., R. Zamboni, M. Belley, E. Champion, L. Charette, A. W. Ford-Hutchinson, J. Y. Gauthier, et al. "Pharmacology of the leukotriene antagonist verlukast: The (R)-enantiomer of MK-571." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-273.
Анотація:
Verlukast (MK-679) (3-(((3-(2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)-(E)-ethenyl)phenyl)((3-(dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl)thio)methyl)-thio)propionic acid) is a potent and selective inhibitor of [3H]leukotriene D4 binding in guinea-pig (IC50 = 3.1 ± 0.5 nM) and human (IC50 = 8.0 ± 3.0 nM) lung homogenates and dimethyl sulfoxide differentiated U937 cell membrane preparations (IC50 = 10.7 ± 1.6 nM) but is essentially inactive versus [3H]leukotriene C4 binding in guinea-pig lung homogenates (IC50 values of 19 and 33 μM). Functionally, when tested at 60 nM, it antagonized contractions of guinea-pig trachea (GPT) induced by leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and leukotriene E4 (respective −log KB values of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.9) and contractions of human trachea (HT) induced by leukotriene D4 (−log KB value 8.3 ± 0.2). In contrast, verlukast (20–200 nM) failed to antagonize contractions of GPT induced by leukotriene C4 in the presence of 45 mM L-serine borate. Intravenous (i.v.) and aerosol verlukast antagonized bronchoconstriction (BC) induced in anaesthetized guinea pigs by i.v. leukotriene D4 but did not block BC to arachidonic acid or histamine. Intraduodenal verlukast (0.25 mg/kg) antagonized leukotriene D4 (0.2 μg/kg) induced BC in guinea pigs. Oral and aerosol administration blocked leukotriene D4-induced BC in conscious squirrel monkeys. Orally administered compound also blocked ovalbumin-induced BC in conscious sensitized rats treated with methysergide (3 μg/kg). The pharmacological profile for verlukast is similar to that of the racemic compound, MK-571. Verlukast is currently in clinical development for the treatment of asthma and related diseases.Key words: verlukast, MK-679, leukotriene D4 antagonist, airway smooth muscle.
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Purim, O., N. Goldberg, Y. Kundel, R. Brenner, N. Efremov, N. Gordon, S. Morgenstern, N. Wasserberg, and B. Brenner. "Early prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) of rectal cancer after 1 week of preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) using positron emission computererized tomography (PET-CT) imaging." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.572.
Анотація:
572 Background: Preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) is the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), obtaining pathological complete response (pCR) in 15%-30% of cases. Post-RCT reduction of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake within the tumor compared with the baseline, i.e. the tumor's metabolic response, correlates with pCR. However, an earlier prediction of pCR could enable tailored modifications of the treatment. We hence evaluated the correlation between the metabolic response after only one week of RCT for LARC and the actual pCR at the post-RCT surgery. Methods: Patients (pts) were eligible for this prospective study if they had LARC, defined as T3-4NX or TxN+ tumors by pre-treatment PET-CT and endoscopic ultrasound. Pts received standard RCT regimen, consisting of 50.4Gy radiotherapy concurrently with a fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, followed by surgery. Pts underwent baseline FDG-PET-CT imaging within 2 weeks prior to the initiation of RCT and a second one on day 8 of RCT. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV-max) was measured in both scans and changes in FDG- uptake were recorded. Man-Whitney test was used to evaluate differences in the SUV-max between baseline and day 8 in pts obtaining pCR and those who did not. Results: Twenty pts participated in the study. Half were males and the median age was 64 years. Ten pts had T3N0 tumors and 10 had T3N+ disease. Radical surgery was done in 19 pts and local excision in one. Considering the entire group, there was a borderline-significant difference between the metabolic response of pts with pCR and those without pCR (Chi-square = 3.429, p = 0.064). Yet, the changes in FGD-uptake were able to identify pts who achieved pCR and those who did not: only pts with a decrease of more than 33% in SUV-max had pCR while none of the pts who had less than 8.9% decrease in SUV-max had pCR. Conclusions: A decrease in SUV-max between baseline-PET-CT scans and scans done after only one week of RCT for LARC may be able to predict the achievement of pCR in the post-RCT surgical specimen. Validation in a larger independent cohort is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Anderson, Brooke E., Jon P. Holt, R. D. Boyd, and Eric van Heugten. "143 Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Corn DDGS and Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.119.
Анотація:
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with DDGS and crystalline amino acids on growth and carcass lean. Pigs (n = 512; 38.51±0.13 kg BW) were blocked by BW and sex and placed in 64 pens (4 gilts and barrows per pen). Treatments were arranged as a 2×4 factorial with DDGS included at 0 or 25% and L-lysine-HCl (LYS) added at 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. Dietary SBM inclusion declined as LYS increased from 32.06 to 13.14% (Phase 1) and 28.25 to 9.40% (Phase 2) for control diets. It declined from 27.85 to 8.89% (Phase 1) and 24.05 to 5.10% (Phase 2) for DDGS diets. Diets contained 1.00 (Phase 1, 21 days) and 0.90% (Phase 2, 18 days) SID lysine and were balanced for ideal protein and net energy. During Phase 1, DDGS decreased ADG (P = 0.06; 786 vs. 821 g/d). Increasing LYS increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.05) ADG and ADFI with the greatest response at 0.4% LYS. G:F decreased (linear, P = 0.035) with increasing LYS. During Phase 2, increasing LYS in control, but not DDGS diets, decreased (linear, P < 0.005) ADG and ADFI. G:F declined (P = 0.054) with DDGS inclusion (370 vs. 383 g/kg). Overall, ADG decreased (linear, P = 0.005) as LYS increased in control (959, 929, 908, 860 g/d), but not DDGS diets (863, 908, 931, 832 g/d). ADFI decreased (linear, P = 0.014) with increasing LYS in control (2270, 2198, 2186, 2130 g/d), but increased (quadratic, P = 0.039) in DDGS diets (2112, 2207, 2324, 2103 g/d). DDGS reduced (P≤0.03) ADG (883 vs. 914 g/d), G:F (405 vs. 417 g/kg) and LEA (34.5 vs. 35.3 cm2), while increasing LYS decreased (linear, P < 0.005) G:F (417, 419, 409, 401 g/kg) and LEA (35.34, 35.17, 35.46, 33.64 cm2). Displacement of SBM with DDGS reduced growth and LYS addition negatively affected growth and G:F for diets with SBM, but not DDGS.
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Seufert, Jochen, Michael A. Nauck, and Baptist Gallwitz. "Semaglutid – ein neuer langwirksamer GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonist mit nachgewiesener kardiovaskulärer Ereignisreduktion bei Typ-2-Diabetes." Diabetes aktuell 16, no. 04 (July 2018): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0645-5727.
Анотація:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZur Therapie von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes wurde mit Semaglutid ein neuer, lang wirksamer Glucagon-like-peptide1-Rezeptor-Agonist (GLP-1-RA) für die einmal wöchentliche Gabe entwickelt. Das weltweite Phase-3-Studienprogramm umfasste mehr als 7000 Patienten, die in eine der randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien SUSTAIN 1 bis 6 eingeschlossen wurden. In SUSTAIN 1 bis 5 zeigten sich nach 30 bzw. 56 Wochen mittlere HbA1c-Reduktionen zwischen 1,2 und 1,45 % (Semaglutid 0,5 mg) bzw. 1,5 und 1,8 % (Semaglutid 1,0 mg) mit signifikanten Vorteilen gegenüber Placebo, Sitagliptin 1 × täglich 100 mg, Exenatid-Depot-Injektionssuspension (nur 1,0 mg Semaglutid untersucht) und Insulin glargin 100 E/ml (Startdosis 10 E 1 × täglich). Das Körpergewicht verringerte sich unter Semaglutid im Mittel um 3,5 bis 4,3 kg (0,5 mg) und 4,5 bis 6,4 kg (1,0 mg). Die kardiovaskuläre Outcome-Studie SUSTAIN 6 ergab nach 2-jähriger Behandlung mit Semaglutid 0,5 mg oder 1,0 mg im Vergleich zu Placebo – jeweils im Rahmen des „Standard of Care“ – eine relative Risikoreduktion hinsichtlich des primären kombinierten kardiovaskulären Endpunkts um 26 % von absolut 8,9 % auf 6,6 % (p = 0,02 für die Überlegenheit). Außerdem zeigten sich unter Semaglutid im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe weniger Nephropathie-Ereignisse (3,8 % vs. 6,1 %; p = 0,005), aber mehr Retinopathie-Komplikationen (3,0 % vs. 1,8 %; p = 0,02), um 0,66 %-Punkte (0,5 mg) und 1,05 %-Punkte (1,0 mg) stärkere HbA1c-Reduktionen nach 104 Wochen (jeweils p < 0,0001) und um 2,9 kg (0,5 mg) und 4,4 kg (1,0 mg) stärkere Gewichtsreduktionen (jeweils p < 0,0001). Wie bei anderen GLP-1-RA finden sich unter Semaglutid Reduktionen des systolischen Blutdrucks, Anstiege der Herzfrequenz, vermehrt gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen und ein in Anbetracht der deutlichen HbA1c-Reduktion relativ geringes Hypoglykämierisiko. Zusammenfassend liegen die Stärken von Semaglutid in einer ausgeprägt effektiven HbA1c-Reduktion, der deutlichen Gewichtsreduktion und vorteilhaften kardiovaskulären Endpunktdaten.
20
DeBiasi, Roberta L., Karen L. Smith, Michael Bell, Charles Berul, Emily Ansusinha, Vanessa Bundy, Meghan Delaney, et al. "542. SARS CoV-2-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of Children (MIS-C) in the Washington DC Metropolitan Region." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.736.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Background: Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome of Children (MIS-C) has recently emerged internationally as a serious inflammatory complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection with significant morbidity for the pediatric population. Methods This observational retrospective cohort study includes 33 children meeting CDC criteria for MIS-C treated between March 15 and June 17, 2020 at Children’s National Hospital in Washington DC. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from medical records and are summarized. Results Of 33 hospitalized MIS-C patients, 42% were critically ill, and 58% were non-critically ill. The median age was 8.9 years (0.7–18.7 years). More males (58 %) than females (43 %) were represented in the MIS-C cohort. The majority (75%) of children had no underlying medical condition. Criteria for incomplete or complete Kawasaki Disease (KD) were present in 39% of patients, while an additional 9% had some features of KD. However the remaining 52% of MIS-C patients presented with other sub-phenotypes including prominent severe abdominal pain and/or nonspecific multiorgan dysfunction. 30% presented with shock requiring volume and/or inotropic support. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in 61% of patients. Virus was detectable by PCR in 36% of patients. At the time of initial evaluation, 39% (13/33) of children had identified cardiac abnormalities including myocardial dysfunction (5/33; 15%), coronary ectasia (4/33; 12%), coronary aneurysm (3/33; 9%), or pericardial effusion 5/33; 15%) either alone or in combination. Cytokine profiling identified elevation of several cytokines in this cohort, including IL-6. Treatment has included intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, anakinra and other immunomodulatory therapies, with overall rapid response to therapy. No deaths have occurred. Conclusion The emergence of MIS-C late in the surge of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the Washington DC metropolitan region has added to the already significant burden of hospitalized and critically ill children in our region. A significant percentage of these children present with cardiac dysfunction and abnormalities, whether or not with KD features at presentation. Detailed characterization of immune responses and long term outcome of these patients is a priority. Disclosures Andrea Hahn, MD, MS, Johnson and Johnson (Consultant)
21
Sun, Xiao Fei, Shuang Ying Zheng, Xue Tong Liu, and Hui Ye. "Experimental Studies on Anaerobic Digestion of Straw Stalk Mixed with Pig Dung." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2774.
Анотація:
A series of anaerobic digestion experiments on straw stalk mixed with pig dung was carried out at mid-temperature (35°C) by using the self-designed continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR) in different organic load rates (OLR). Anaerobic digestion indexes, such as pH, ammonia-nitrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA), total alkalinity, quantity of gas production and production rate of methane under the different organic load were studied and the aerogenic capability of the system and its stability were analyzed, so as to find the optimal organic load rate for anaerobic digestion reaction. The results show that: (1) With the OLR increases from 0.5-2.0g VS/(L·d) step by step, the pH value is always maintained 6.7-7.2; the average daily gas-production quantity is 869-3232 mL; the average ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the anaerobic digestion process has kept 522-850mg/L; the VFA concentration has remained between 1520-3420mg/L; the average total alkalinity is among 2152-2441mg/L . (2) The anaerobic digestion system is stable when the OLR increases from 0.5-2.0g VS/(L·d), and the optimal organic load rate is 1.5g VS/(L·d) for volume fraction of methane.
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Strzyga-Łach, Paulina, Alicja Chrzanowska, Katarzyna Podsadni, and Anna Bielenica. "Investigation of the Mechanisms of Cytotoxic Activity of 1,3-Disubstituted Thiourea Derivatives." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14111097.
Анотація:
Substituted thiourea derivatives possess confirmed cytotoxic activity towards cancer but also normal cells. To develop new selective antitumor agents, a series of 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthiourea analogs were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against the cell line panel. Compounds 1–5, 8, and 9 were highly cytotoxic against human colon (SW480, SW620) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells, and leukemia K-562 cell lines (IC50 ≤ 10 µM), with favorable selectivity over normal HaCaT cells. The derivatives exerted better growth inhibitory profiles towards selected tumor cells than the reference cisplatin. Compounds incorporating 3,4-dichloro- (2) and 4-CF3-phenyl (8) substituents displayed the highest activity (IC50 from 1.5 to 8.9 µM). The mechanisms of cytotoxic action of the most effective thioureas 1–3, 8, and 9 were studied, including the trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability, interleukin-6, and apoptosis assessments. Compounds reduced all cancerous cell numbers (especially SW480 and SW620) by 20–93%. Derivatives 2 and 8 diminished the viability of SW620 cells by 45–58%. Thioureas 1, 2, and 8 exerted strong pro-apoptotic activity. Compound 2 induced late apoptosis in both colon cancer cell lines (95–99%) and in K-562 cells (73%). All derivatives acted as inhibitors of IL-6 levels in both SW480 and SW620 cells, decreasing its secretion by 23–63%.
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Wong, Judith JM, Christoph P. Hornik, Yee Hui Mok, Tsee Foong Loh, and Jan Hau Lee. "Performance of the Paediatric Index of Mortality 3 and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 Scores in Critically Ill Children." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 47, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v47n8p285.
Анотація:
Introduction: The Paediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM 3) and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 (PELOD 2) scores were recently revised. We aimed to assess the performance of these scores in a contemporary cohort of critically ill children. Materials and Methods: This is a single-centre prospective study conducted in a multidisciplinary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Consecutive PICU admissions over 1 year were included and admission PIM 3 and PELOD 2 scores were calculated. The performance of each of the scores was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the outcome of PICU mortality. Results: A total of 570 patient admissions were eligible for this study. The median age of patients was 3.1 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.4, 8.9 years). Overall median PIM 3 and PELOD 2 scores were 1.2 (IQR: 0.4, 3.2) % and 4 (IQR: 2, 7), respectively. The overall mortality rate was 35/570 (6.1%). The PIM 3 and PELOD 2 scores had good discrimination for mortality (AUCs 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85, 0.91] and 0.86 [95% CI 0.83, 0.89], respectively). Goodness-of-fit was satisfactory for both scores. Higher PIM 3 and PELOD 2 scores were also associated with decreasing ventilator and PICU-free days. Conclusion: PIM 3 and PELOD 2 scores are robust severity of illness scores that are generalisable to a contemporary cohort of critically ill children in Singapore. Key words: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Paediatric intensive care unit, Patient outcome assessment, Severity of illness index
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Bouchard, René. "Séguin, Robert-Lionel. La Vie libertine en Nouvelle-France au xvii siècle. Préface de Denis Vaugeois. Québec, Éditions du Septentrion, 2017 [édition originale, Leméac, 1972, 2 vol.], 542 p. ISBN 978-2-89448-866-9." Rabaska: Revue d'ethnologie de l'Amérique française 19 (2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1082779ar.
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Christiansen, J. R., and P. Gundersen. "Stand age and tree species affect N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange from afforested soils." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 5729–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-5729-2011.
Анотація:
Abstract. Afforestation of former agricultural land is a means to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of pedunculate oak and Norway Spruce of different stand ages (13–17 and 40 yr after afforestation, respectively) on N2O and CH4 exchange and identify the environmental factors responsible for the differences in gas exchange between tree species of different ages. N2O and CH4 fluxes (mean ± SE) were measured for two years at an afforested site. No species difference was documented for N2O emission (oak: 4.2 ± 0.7 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, spruce: 4.0 ± 1 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1) but the youngest stands (1.9 ± 0.3 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1) emitted significantly less N2O than older stands (6.3 ± 1.2 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1). CH4 exchange did not differ significantly between tree species (oak: −8.9 ± 0.9, spruce: −7.7 ± 1) or stand age (young: −7.3 ± 0.9 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1, old: −9.4 ± 1 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1) but interacted significantly; CH4 oxidation increased with age in oak and decreased with age for Norway Spruce. We conclude that the exchange of N2O and CH4 from the forest soil undergoes a quick and significant transition in the first four decades after planting in both oak and Norway Spruce related to physical changes in the top soil and availability of soil N.
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TANRIVERDİ ÇAYCI, Yeliz, İlknur BIYIK, Gonca YILMAZ, Kemal BİLGİN, and Asuman BİRİNCİ. "Investigation of in vitro activity of colistin and tygecyclin against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.4.24.
Анотація:
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, causing infections whose management is often problematic due to its inherent resistance to many antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of colistin and tygecyclin as an alternative treatment options for S. maltophilia infections. A total of 122 S. maltophilia isolates were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of colistin and tygecycline were determined by broth microdilution method. Susceptibility of TMP/SMX and levofloxacin (LVX) were determined by disc diffusion method and MIC value of ceftazidime (CAZ) was determined by using E-test. Out of 122 S. maltophilia isolates, 5 (4%) of them were resistant to TMP-SXM. MIC range was 0.125- >512 μg/ml and MIC50 64 μg/ml, MIC90 512 μg/ml for colistin. MIC range for tygecyclin was detected as 0.5- >8, MIC50 2 μg/ml and MIC90 8 μg/ml. Tygecyclin resistance was detected as 66.4% according to the EUCAST guideline and 13.1% according to the USA-FDA breakpoints. And colistin resistance was determined as 86.9% according to both guidelines.
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van den Heuvel, Jan Maurik, Niloufar Farzan, Mandy van Hoek, Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and Fariba Ahmadizar. "Mining treatment patterns of glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (January 2020): e000767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000767.
Анотація:
Rationale and objectivesDifferent classes of glucose-lowering medications are used for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. It is unclear how often these medications are prescribed in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to describe treatment patterns of glucose-lowering medications in patients with T2DM in the Netherlands.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 73 819 patients with T2DM, aged ≥45 years with a first prescription for oral glucose-lowering medication between 2011 and 2017. We used the NControl database with dispensing data from 800 pharmacies in the Netherlands. Prevalence of each glucose-lowering medication class during 6 years after the index date was calculated. Using SQL Server, we identified stepwise patterns of medication prescription in this population.FindingsDuring the study period, prevalence of biguanides (BIGU) decreased from 95.6% to 80.8% and use of sulfonylureas (SU) increased from 27.3% to 42.3%. 55.2% of all patients only received BIGUs, 19.1% of all patients started on BIGUs but switched to BIGU +SU. 13.5% of patients with T2DM initiated insulins, on average 532 days (almost 18 months) after the index date.ConclusionsOur findings showed that in the Netherlands, medication treatment in patients with T2DM is mainly consistent with the clinical guidelines in the Netherlands during the study period.
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Claire, Lucie. "Jean-Eudes Girot. Marc-Antoine Muret: Des Isles fortunées au rivage romain. Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance 502. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 2012. 860 pp. $96. ISBN: 978–2–600–01570–7." Renaissance Quarterly 66, no. 3 (2013): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673686.
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Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo, Simona Valletta, Nils Winkelmann, Sara Redaelli, Roberta Spinelli, Alessandra Pirola, Laura Antolini, et al. "Recurrent SETBP1 Mutations in Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Abrogate an Ubiquitination Site and Dysregulate SETBP1 Protein Levels." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): LBA—2—LBA—2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.lba-2.lba-2.
Анотація:
Abstract Abstract LBA-2 The SETBP1 gene codes for a predominantly nuclear protein with a predicted MW of 170 kD. Germline mutations of SETBP1 were described in patients affected by the Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS), a rare disease characterized by bone, muscle and cardiac abnormalities, and presenting neuroepithelial neoplasms. In an effort to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies we applied a HTS strategy, including both exome sequencing and RNA-SEQ, to atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML), as defined by WHO criteria, with the aim of identifying novel recurrent driver mutations. aCML shares clinical and laboratory features with CML, but it lacks the pathognomonic BCR-ABL1fusion. Since no specific recurrent genomic or karyotypic abnormalities have been identified in aCML, the molecular pathogenesis of this disease has remained elusive and the outcome dismal (median survival 37 months) with no improvement over the last 20 years. This sharply contrasts with the outcome for CML, for which the prognosis was dramatically improved by the development of imatinib as a specific inhibitor of the BCR/ABL protein. Whole-exome sequencing of 9 aCML patients revealed the presence of 62 unique mutations (range 5–14 per patient), including a recurrent alteration of SETBP1 (G870S and D868N) in three cases. Targeted resequencing performed in 70 aCMLs, 574 patients with different hematological malignancies and 344 cell lines, identified SETBP1 mutations in 17 of 70 aCML patients (24.3%; 95% CI: 16–35%), 4 of 30 (13%) MDS/MPN-u and 3 of 82 (3.6%) CMML patients. Patients with mutations had higher white blood cell counts (p=0.008) and worse prognosis (p=0.01) when tested in multivariate analysis. TF1 cells transfected with SETBP1G870S showed increased SET levels, decreased PP2A activity and increased proliferation rates. The vast majority of mutations (85%) was located between residues 858 and 871, in the SKI homologous region of SETBP1, and were identical to germline changes seen in patients with SGS. This region may be critical for ubiquitin binding and for subsequent protein degradation, since the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) identified with high probability score a putative functional site (aa. 868–873) for beta-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of the E3 ubiquitin ligase. This prediction was experimentally validated using biotinylated, phosphorylated peptides encompassing this region (aa 859–879): while the wild type peptide could efficiently bind beta-TrCP as predicted, a peptide presenting the G870S mutation was incapable of binding this E3 ligase subunit, indicating a possible alteration in SETBP1 protein stability caused by this mutation. In agreement with these findings, cells transfected with SETBP1G870Sshowed increased levels of SETBP1 protein when compared to cells with similar expression levels of the wild type gene. Finally, RNA-SEQ yielded gene expression profiles with overrepresentation of genes under the control of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1) among genes differentially expressed between SETBP1-mutated and unmutated aCML patients. Mutated SETBP1 represents a novel type of oncogene which is specifically present in aCML and closely related diseases. These data allow for a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease; they provide evidence that SETBP1 mutations might be a new biomarker for future diagnosis and classification of aCML and related diseases, and indicate a potential strategy to develop new treatment modalities for malignancies caused by mutated SETBP1. Disclosures: Schnittger: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership.
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Silfverberg, Hans, Toomas Tammaru, and Juhani Itämies. "Reviews: Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the World, with a key to Genera, The Geometrid Moths of Europe, Die Larven der Europäeischen Noctuidae." Entomologica Fennica 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84279.
Анотація:
Colonnelli, E. 2004: Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the World, with a key to Genera. – Argania Editio, Barcelona. 124 pp. ISBN 84- 931847-6-4. Price 80 EUR.
Hausmann, A. 2004: The Geometrid Moths of Europe, Vol. 2: Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup, Denmark. ISBN 87-88757-37-4, Hardback, 600 pp. Price 960,00 DKK.
Beck, H. 1999–2000: Die Larven der Europäeischen Noctuidae. Revision der Systematik der Noctuidae (Larvae of European Noctuidae. Revision of the systematics of the Noctuidae). With the help of Matti Ahola (numerous drawings) and Ivar Hasenfuss (systematic notes on Noctuoidea, Acronictinae, and occasional drawings). Volumes I–IV. 864+448+336+512 pp. ISSN 0723-595X, ISBN 3-923807-04-X. Price 530 EUR.
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Sari, Kartika, Sunardi Sunardi, Abiyyu Sayyid Muwaffaq, Jamrud Aminuddin, Ampala Khoryanton, Warso Warso, and Agung Bambang Budi Utomo. "Effect of Speed and Turning Time Pulley on the Quantity and Quality of Output Multipurpose Chopper Machine." Jurnal Polimesin 21, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v21i6.4098.
Анотація:
Variation of pulley rotational speed on the yield and cut of the multipurpose chopper aims to determine the optimum quality and quantity of chopping results. Testing using cassava and bananas. The diameter of the pulley used is 2 inches and the driven pulley is 6, 7, and 10 inches with a pulley speed of 467, 400, and 275 rpm. The result of bananas shows that the average chopping was 573, 864, and 864 grams, respectively with the spin pulley time being 46, 90, and 59 seconds. Meanwhile, for cassava, the results of chopping were 984, 995, and 823 grams, respectively with the spin pulley time being 23, 59, and 35 seconds, respectively. The optimum chopping quality for bananas used a pulley diameter of 10 inches and an optimum rotation time was 59 seconds. The optimum slicing quality for cassava uses a pulley diameter of 7 inches with an optimum rotation time was 59 seconds. The conclusion is that the diameter of the pulley affects the thickness of the sample, the time and speed of the pulley rotation, and the quality of the chopping results.
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Vasylyshyna, O. "Changes in quality indices of frozen cherry fruits under their surface treatment with sodium alginate solution." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(153) (December 18, 2019): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2019-153-2-82-87.
Анотація:
Cherry fruit are valuable crop for technical processing, which quickly deteriorate during storage. Therefore, it is possible to extend the processing time by developing new technologies for raw materials storage and processing. Freezing is among the technologies . The purpose of the research is to assess the quality of frozen cherry fruit under their treatment with sodium alginate solutions. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of frozen cherry fruits treatment with sodium alginate solution on their physical and chemical parameters. The studies were conducted during 2016−2018 on cherries fruits of the Alpha and Memory Artemenko varieties selected at the Pomology Research Station named after L.P. Symyrenko. Cherry fruit were immersed in a 2, 3 and 5 % sodium alginate solution and kept for 5−10 minutes. They were further removed and packaged into 0.5 kg plastic bags and frozen at −24 °C, followed by storage at −18 °C. In frozen cherry fruits, the water-holding capacity for the Memory Artemenko varieties is 5.6 % and 9.5 % for Alpha , which is 2.3–2.5 % higher than the processed fruits with a solution of sodium alginate. The content of dry soluble substances in the cherry fruit varieties of Pamyat’ Artemenko and Alpha made 15.89 and 15.84 %. During the freezing, it decreased by 4.2–5.2 %. In the processed cherry fruit they were slightly less – 0.6−1.9. The content of titratable acids in the cherry fruit variety of Memory Artemenko and Alpha was 1.74 and 2.02 %. During the freezing, their content decreased by 18.8−19 %. Cherry fruit treated with sodium alginate had a smaller loss in the content of titratable acids of 8.9−16 %. The smallest losses of 8.9–9 % were in cherry fruit pre-treated with 5 % sodium alginate solution. Cherry fruit pretreatment with alginate solution before their freezing made it possible to improve the quality of cherry fruit while maintaining water-holding capacity by 2.3–2.5 %, dry soluble substances by 0.6–1.9 %, and titratable acids by 8.9–16 %, ascorbic acid − 8,1–17,4%. Key words: cherry fruit, alginate, soluble substances, acids, water-holding capacity.
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Liu, Pinggang, Derek A. Misurski, and Venkat Gopalakrishnan. "Cysteinyl leukotriene-dependent [Ca2+]iresponses to angiotensin II in cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): H1269—H1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00303.2002.
Анотація:
With the use of fura 2 measurements in multiple and single cells, we examined whether cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) mediate angiotensin II (ANG II)-evoked increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. ANG II-evoked CysLT release peaked at 1 min. The angiotensin type 1 (AT1) antagonist losartan, but not the AT2antagonist PD-123319, attenuated the elevations in [Ca2+]i and CysLT levels evoked by ANG II. Vasopressin and endothelin-1 increased [Ca2+]i but not CysLT levels. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor AA-861 and the CysLT1-selective antagonist MK-571 reduced the maximal [Ca2+]i responses to ANG II but not to vasopressin and endothelin-1. While MK-571 reduced the responses to leukotriene D4 (LTD4), the dual CysLT antagonist BAY-u9773 completely blocked the [Ca2+]i elevation to both LTD4and LTC4. These data confirm that ANG II-evoked increases, but not vasopressin- and endothelin-1-evoked increases, in [Ca2+]i involve generation of the 5-lipoxygenase metabolite CysLT. The inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] antagonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate attenuated the [Ca2+]i responses to ANG II and LTD4. Thus AT1 receptor activation by ANG II is linked to CysLT-mediated Ca2+ release from Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive intracellular stores to augment direct ANG II-evoked Ca2+ mobilization in rat cardiomyocytes.
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Almquist, Daniel, Blake Langlais, Nathan Y. Yu, Terence Tai Weng Sio, Panos Savvides, Ping Yang, Steven E. Schild, Aaron Scott Mansfield, and Vinicius Ernani. "Chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of two or greater." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 8569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.8569.
Анотація:
8569 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (atezolizumab or durvalumab) combined with platinum-etoposide is the standard first-line therapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The phase III clinical trials that led to the approval of chemoimmunotherapy in ES-SCLC, excluded patients with an Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of Two or Greater. Therefore, data on efficacy of this combination in this subgroup of ES-SCLC patients whose performance status two or greater is limited. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy (atezolizumab or durvalumab) within the Mayo Clinic Health System between January 2016 and January 2021. Cases were identified from clinical databases at Mayo Clinic. Data on demographics, ECOG-PS, date of diagnosis, date of progression, whole brain radiation, CNS involvement, liver involvement, stereotactic body radiation, chest consolidation, platinum sensitivity, lines of therapy and last follow up date were extracted. Overall Survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) for ECOG-PS 2-3 were compared to patients with an ECOG-PS 0-1. Results: A total of 84 patients were identified with a median age of 68.2 (48-88) years old. Of these, 54 patients were identified with an ECOG-PS 0-1 and 30 patients with an ECOG-PS 2-3. The median PFS for the ECOG PS 0-1 cohort was 5.2 months (95% CI 4.6-6.1) while the median PFS for the ECOG-PS 2-3 cohort was 6.0 months (95% CI 4.2-7.7; logrank p = 0.93). The median OS for the ECOG-PS 0-1 cohort was 10.8 months (95% CI 8.5-12.9) while the median OS for the ECOG-PS 2-3 cohort was 10.3 months (95% CI 6.0-14.1; logrank p = 0.39). Hazard ratios of ECOG-PS 0-1 versus 2-3 showed no tendency of increased PFS or OS for either group within cox proportional hazards models. Forty-three percent of ECOG-PS 0-1 achieved a partial response (PR) and 57% of patients who had ECOG-PS 2-3 also achieved a PR (Fisher’s exact p = 0.23). A complete response was found in 4% of ECOG-PS 0-1 compared to 3% in the ECOG-PS 2-3 cohort. For patients who responded to initial therapy, 46% of ECOG-PS 2-3 patients had a platinum sensitive relapse while only 33% of ECOG-PS 0-1 were still platinum sensitive at the time of relapse. Five ECOG-PS 2-3 patients were able to receive a second-line therapy. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate chemoimmunotherapy in the subgroup of ES-SCLC patients with an ECOG-PS 2 or greater. This retrospective study demonstrated no significant difference in PFS, OS, and ability to achieve a least a PR in ECOG-PS 2-3 cohort when compared to ECOG-PS 0-1. Therefore, chemoimmunotherapy should not be reserved for only an ECOG-PS of 0-1 but should be considered for all treatment eligible patients.
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Zulfiqqar, Andy, Franky Renato Anthonius, Prasetyo Amanda Cyko, Pandu Ishaq Nandana, Prahara Yuri, and Sakti R. Brodjonegoro. "THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS MALE IN EASTERN INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Urology 28, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32421/juri.v28i1.603.
Анотація:
Objective: To determine Type-2 diabetic patients and its characteristics to determined risk of Erectile dysfunction (ED) and the role of EHS score as more practical tools to screening ED among T2DM patients. Material & Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Internal medicine Unit of Manambai Abdulkadir and Dompu district Hospital, out of 45 patients were included on this study. The data were collected from June 01 – August 01 2017. A structural questioner was used to collect the data and was analyzed using SPSS 2.0. person analysis correlation and logistic regression were used to find the Odds Ratio (OR). Results: We found that 38 out of 45 (84.4%) patients (mean age 57.2 ± 7.1) have Erectile dysfunction, 26 patients uncontrolled diabetes, 5 (11.1%) treated as CHF, 4 (8.9%) CKD, and 7 (15.6%) neuropathy diabetic. There is high correlation between random glucose level and IIEF-5 score (r=0.5, p=0.01). The overall odd ratio of ED in this studies was 4.3 (95% CI: 0.73 to 25.1) for uncontrolled diabetes, 2.5 (95% CI: 0.1 to 51.1) for Treated CHF, 2 (95% CI: 0.01 to 41.6) for CKD, and it was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.1 to 11.5) for neuropathy diabetics. Conclusion: From this study, we found that most diabetic patients have ED, and there is high correlation between random glucose level and simplified IIEF-5 score, EHS performed similar result on diagnoses ED compared to IIEF-5.
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Napolitano, Francesco, Gabriella Di Giuseppe, Maria Vittoria Montemurro, Anna Maria Molinari, Giovanna Donnarumma, Antonio Arnese, Maria Pavia, and Italo Francesco Angelillo. "Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Adults and Healthcare Workers in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094761.
Анотація:
Background: This study was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a Southern Italian population. Methods: The study was performed among students and workers of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and the relative Teaching Hospital. Participants were invited to undergo a blood sampling, an interview or to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 140 participants (5.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Positive SARS-CoV-2 test results increased significantly during the months of testing, and those who had had at least one symptom among fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste or smell and who had had contact with a family member/cohabitant with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to test positive. Faculty members were less likely to have a positive test result compared to the healthcare workers (HCWs). Among HCWs, physicians showed the lowest rate of seroconversion (5.2%) compared to nurses (8.9%) and other categories (10%). Nurses and other HCWs compared to the physicians, those who had had at least one symptom among fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste or smell, and who had had contact with a family member/cohabitant with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to test positive. Conclusions: The results have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly spreading even in Southern Italy and confirm the substantial role of seroprevalence studies for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection circulation and potential for further spreading.
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Kang, Hyun-Cheol, Jin Ho Kim, and Eui Kyu Chie. "Respiratory-gated magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.532.
Анотація:
532 Background: Hypofractionated RT has shown encouraging results in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, HCC adjacent to the gastrointestnal (GI) tract should be carefully treated using the high-precision irradiation technique due to risk of radiation damage. We evaluated the feasibility of a respiratory-gated magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy (RgMRg-RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Thirty-three patients with HCC underwent RgMRg-RT in our hospital from 2015 to February 2019, including patients with Child-Pugh A/B7 cirrhosis and unresectable tumors near the gastrointestinal tract. The median radiation dose was 50 Gy (range, 25–60) and median fraction number was 5 (range, 4–15). Gating was performed based on real-time magnetic resonance image without an external surrogate. Results: The median follow-up period was 11.7 months (range, 3.6–37.9 months). The rates of local control of the target tumor at 6 months and 1 year were 90.2 and 86.9%, respectively. The overall survival rates at 6 months, 1, and 2 years were 84.3, 76.3, and 61%, respectively. The median distances from gross tumor to the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and colon were 6.1 (range, 1.9-14.3), 6.4 (0-13.4), 3.8 (0-13.5) and 4cm (0.3-13), respectively. A total of 15 tumors (45.5%) were located within 2 cm of the gastrointestinal tract and 9 tumors (27.3%) within 1cm. Grades 3 treatment‐related bleeding was observed in one patient and one patient had radiation‐induced liver disease. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RgMRg-RT was a safe and potentially ablative therapy for HCC. RgMRg-RT is a good alternative treatment for patients with HCCs that are unsuitable for surgical resection or local ablative therapy.
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Levi, Osuagwu Uchechukwu, Frederick Webb, and David Simmons. "Diabetes Detection and Communication among Patients Admitted through the Emergency Department of a Public Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030980.
Анотація:
Early identification/diagnosis of diabetes and frequent monitoring of hyperglycemia reduces hospitalizations and diabetes-related complications. The present study investigated the proportion of older adults coded with diabetes or newly diagnosed during their admissions and assessed discharge summary content for diabetes-related information. The study used electronic data on 4796 individuals aged ≥60 years admitted through the emergency department (ED) of a public hospital from 2017 to 2018 extracted using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM code). The proportion of admitted patients who were diagnosed with diabetes over a one-year period, proportion with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and random blood glucose (RBG) test performed during their stay, length of stay, discharge summary information and the factors associated with elevated HbA1c (>7%/53 mmol/mol) were investigated. In total, 8.6% of ED presentations to the hospital were coded with diabetes, excluding gestational consisting of 879 patients (449 males, 430 females) aged ≥ 60 years (74.6 ± 8.9 years). In total, 98% had type 2 diabetes (n = 863), 53% were Australian-born (n = 467), and the mean body mass index (BMI, 31 ± 7 kg/m2; n = 499, 56.8%), RBG (9.8 ± 5.2 mmol/L; n = 824, 93.7%) and HbA1c (8.0 ± 2.0%; n = 137, 15.6%) and length of stay (6.7 ± 25.4 days) were similar between gender, age, and nationality (p > 0.05). Three coded patients (0.3%) were newly diagnosed during the admission. In total, 86% had elevated HbA1c, but this was recorded in 20% of discharge summaries. Patients who are on a combination therapy (adjusted odds ratio 23%, 95% confidence intervals: 7%/38%), those on SGLT2 Inhibitors (aOR, 14%: 2%/26%) or had a change in medication (aOR, 40%: 22%/59%) had lower odds of having elevated HbA1c during admission. The low diagnosis rate of diabetes and the lack of clinical assessment of HbA1c in older adults admitted through the ED of a South Western Sydney public hospital suggest that many patients with diabetes either remain undiagnosed even during admission and/or are going to the ED with unknown diabetes that is unidentified with current practices. The clinically important HbA1c results were only infrequently communicated with general practitioners (GPs).
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Hotta, Kunihisa, Carol A. Hirshman та Charles W. Emala. "TNF-α increases transcription of Gαi-2 in human airway smooth muscle cells". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 279, № 2 (1 серпня 2000): L319—L325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.2.l319.
Анотація:
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has an important role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone and reactivity. We have shown previously that TNF-α upregulates the expression of Gαi-2 protein without significantly increasing Gsα protein and enhances adenylyl cyclase inhibition by carbachol in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (Hotta K, Emala CW, and Hirshman CA. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 276: L405–L411, 1999). The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which TNF-α upregulates Gαi-2 protein in these cells. TNF-α pretreatment for 48 h increased the expression of Gαi-2 protein without significantly altering the Gαi-2 protein half-life (41.0 ± 8.2 h for control and 46.8 ± 5.2 h for TNF-α-treated cells). Inhibition of new protein synthesis by cycloheximide blocked the increase in Gαi-2 protein induced by TNF-α. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment for 12–24 h increased the steady-state level of Gαi-2 mRNA without significantly altering Gαi-2 mRNA half-life (9.0 ± 0.75 h for control and 8.9 ± 1.1 h for TNF-α-treated cells). The transcription inhibitor actinomycin D blocked the increase in Gαi-2 mRNA induced by TNF-α. These observations indicate that the increase in Gαi-2 protein induced by TNF-α is due to an increased rate of Gαi-2 protein synthesis, most likely as a consequence of the transcriptional increase in the steady-state levels of its mRNA.
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Bowler, J. "Eddy current modelling of crack detection NDT-86. Proceedings of the 21st Annual British Conference on nondestructive testing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (United Kingdom), 16–18 Sep. 1986. pp. 515–522. Edited by J.M. Farley and P.D. Hanstead. Engineering materials advisory services ltd. (1987)." NDT & E International 22, no. 3 (June 1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(89)90083-2.
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Dietrich, W., G. Dilthey, M. Spannagl, M. Jochum, S. L. Braun, and J. A. Richter. "Influence of High-dose Aprotinin on Anticoagulation, Heparin Requirement, and Celite- and Kaolin-Activated Clotting Time in Heparin-pretreated Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery." Anesthesiology 83, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199510000-00006.
Анотація:
Background Aprotinin causes a prolongation of the celite-activated clotting time (CACT), but not of the kaolin-activated clotting time (KACT). Therefore, concern has been raised regarding the reliability of CACT to monitor anticoagulation in the presence of aprotinin. The current study was designed to test the efficacy of aprotinin to improve anticoagulation, and to investigate whether the prolongation of CACT reflects true anticoagulation or is an in vitro artifact. To elucidate this antithrombotic effect of aprotinin, this study was done in patients prone to reduced intraoperative heparin sensitivity. Methods In a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 30 male patients scheduled for elective primary coronary revascularization and treated with heparin for at least 10 days preoperatively, received either high-dose aprotinin (group A) or placebo (group C). The CACT and KACT were determined, but only CACT was used to control anticoagulation with heparin. Parameters of coagulation that are indicators of thrombin generation and activity (F1+2 prothrombin fragments, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, and fibrin monomers), parameters of fibrinolysis (D-dimers), aprotinin, and heparin plasma concentrations were measured. Postoperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfused were recorded. Results Total heparin administered was 36,200 units (95% confidence interval: 31,400-41,000; group C) compared with 27,700 (25,500-29,800) units (group A; P < 0.05). Hemostatic activation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was significantly reduced in group A compared with group C. After 60 min of CPB, all parameters were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the groups (group C vs. group A): F1+2 prothrombin fragments, 9.7 (8.9-11.7) ng/ml versus 7.5 (6.2-8.6) ng/ml; thrombin-anti-thrombin III complex (TAT), 53 (42-68) ng/ml versus 29 (23-38) ng/ml; and fibrin monomers, 23 (12-43) ng/ml versus 8 (3-17) ng/ml. Fibrinolysis was also attenuated; D-dimers at the end of operation were 656 (396-1,089) and 2,710 (1,811-4,055) ng/ml for groups A and C, respectively (P < 0.05). The CACT 5 min after the onset of CPB was 552 (485-627) versus 869 (793-955) s for groups C and A, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas the KACT showed no differences between the groups (569 [481-675] vs. 614 [541-697] s for groups C and A, respectively; P = NS). The 24-h blood loss was 1,496 (1,125-1,995) versus 597 (448-794) ml for groups C and A, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions Aprotinin treatment in combination with heparin leads to less thrombin generation during CPB. Aprotinin has anticoagulant properties. Celite-activated ACT is reliable for monitoring anticoagulation in the presence of aprotinin, because the prolonged CACT in the aprotinin group reflects improved anticoagulation. Kaolin-activated ACT does not reflect this effect of aprotinin.
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Lü, Shuang Jiang, Qi Jun Gao, and Xiao Long Lü. "Device and Process Study on Vacuum Multiple-Effect Membrane Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.120.
Анотація:
Based on the high energy consumption of membrane distillation (MD) process and the excessive cooling water consumption issues, a new type of vacuum multiple-effect membrane distillation (MEMD) process was designed. The process set up a special multiple-effect evaporation zone for the first time where heat exchange and MD happened at the same time. The experiment studied the effects of the membrane area in main evaporation zone, feed fluid flow of the lumen side of membrane module and module length of multiple-effect evaporation zone on MEMD process. The equivalent flux of the system can reach the maximal value (34.8 kg•m-2•h-1) and the additional cooling water consumption is only 30.8% of traditional VMD process when the feed inlet temperature of the module and the membrane area in the main evaporation zone are 345 K and 0.10 m2, feed fluid flow is 4.0 L•h-1, and the module length is 868 mm of multiple-effect evaporation zone. The MEMD process has a wonderful industrial application prospect.
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Bender, R. A., M. Knauer, E. J. Rutgers, A. M. Glas, F. A. de Snoo, S. C. Linn, and L. J. Van 't Veer. "The 70-gene profile and chemotherapy benefit in 1,600 breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.512.
Анотація:
512 Background: The 70-gene expression profile (MammaPrint) is validated as an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients with T1–2 node-negative and positive disease regardless of estrogen receptor status. Here we present the relationship between MammaPrint outcome and chemotherapy benefit in the adjuvant setting. Methods: We performed a pooled analysis of 1,637 patients with MammaPrint outcomes (T1–2, node-negative and positive invasive breast cancer and median FU 7.1 yrs) to determine the chemotherapy benefit of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to endocrine therapy. Patients were collected from 7 large datasets at multiple institutions across Europe. Results: In this meta-analysis, MammaPrint assigned 772 patients (47%) to “low risk” and 865 (53%) to “high risk”. In total 349 patients were treated with endocrine therapy alone, whereas 226 were treated with both chemo- and endocrine therapy. Patients with poor prognosis MammaPrint profile had a substantial benefit from chemotherapy: At 5 years, distant disease-free survival was improved from 69% to 88% (HR 0.28 (95% CI 0.14–0.56, p<0.001) when chemotherapy was added to hormonal therapy. The results remained significant in multivariate analysis including stratification by standard clinico-pathologic prognostic factors. Patients classified by MammaPrint as good prognosis (“low risk”) had no significant benefit from chemotherapy (p=0.962). Conclusions: The 70-gene MammaPrint profile is not only a strong and independent prognostic indicator for patients with early stage breast cancer, but it may also be predictive for the benefit of chemotherapy. While MammaPrint “high risk” classified patients demonstrate a clear benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy added to hormonal therapy, patients classified by MammaPrint as “low risk” for recurrence do not appear to benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to hormonal treatment alone. [Table: see text]
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В.И., Никитина, та Федосенко Д.Ф. "ОЦЕНКА ОБРАЗЦОВ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ СИБИРСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ПО АДАПТИВНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОЯРСКОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ". Bulletin of KSAU, № 1 (17 січня 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-1-47-52.
Анотація:
Цель исследований: изучить адаптивные свойства 33 образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы сибирской селекции как исходный материал для создания сортов с высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям. Полевые исследования проведены на опытном поле в ОПХ «Минино» Красноярского НИИСХ в 2017–2019 гг. Выявлено в условиях Красноярской лесостепи высокое влияние сорта (47,8 %) и условий вегетации (38,0 %) на изменчивость урожайности изучаемых образцов пшеницы. Роль взаимодействия этих двух факторов значительно меньше – 8,9 %. Более низкую урожайность имели раннеспелые и среднеранние образцы пшеницы: Новосибирская 14, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 31, Чулымская, Канская, Зоряна, Руслада, Скала, Памяти Вавенкова. Достоверно превышали их по урожайности среднеранние сорта: Тулунская 12, Новосибирская 29, Уярочка, Омская 32. У среднеспелой группы существенно выделились по отношению к стандарту (Алтайская 75) 8 образцов: Предгорная, Красноярская 12, К-543-2, К-527-2, К-518-4, Омская Краса, Новосибирская 18, К-524-2. Высокие показатели относительной стабильности урожайности во времени получены у образцов селекции Красноярского НИИСХ: Красноярская 12, Уярочка, К-518-4, Чулымская, К-543-2, К-613-2 и Руслада (Кемеровская обл.). Определение показателя относительной стабильности и средней стабильной урожайности позволил дифференцировать образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы по их реакции на условия возделывания. Изученные образцы рекомендуются как исходный материал для селекции разных типов сортов с высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям вегетации, адаптированных на изменение уровня агротехники.
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Zderčík, Antonín, Ondřej Hubáček, and Jiří Zháněl. "Aplikace fuzzy teorie v diagnostice výkonnostních předpokladů v tenisu." Studia sportiva 12, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2018-2-11.
Анотація:
An important factor in sports performance in tennis is the optimal fitness level of the athlete. Diagnosisof its level is often done in practice by motor tests or tested batteries, the results found are an importantstarting point for control, regulation and planning of training. To test the test results, test standardsbased on classical probability (discrete) approach are most frequently used. Recently, some sportingresearch has also made attempts to use a so-called fuzzy approach, based on the theory of fuzzylogic created by L. A. Zadeh. The aim of the study is to present the principles of evaluation of test resultsusing fuzzy approaches and to compare the results obtained using a classical discrete approach.Presentation of the two approaches of the evaluation is documented on the results of testing of sets ofCzech tennis players aged 13–14 (n = 211, height 170 ± 8.9 cm, weight 57.2 ± 9.2 kg) who participatedin regular testing of Czech tennis from 2000 to 2015 using the TENDIAG1 test battery. FuzzME softwarewas used to demonstrate data analysis using fuzzy access. The degree of fuzzy and probability accesswas both materially and statistically significant (r = 0.94). The assessment of the factual significanceof differences in the mean values of the results obtained by both approaches using Cohen’s d showeda small, factually insignificant difference (d = 0.36). However, it is clear that fuzzy evaluation providesa significant differentiation of individual players’ partial results. Especially in the results of playersmoving on the boundaries of rating categories, fuzzy access allows a more gentle and more preciseresolution of the level of the conditions.
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Munson, Paul, Juraj Adamik, and Lisa Butterfield. "829 Tumor alpha-fetoprotein inhibits cholesterol and steroid metabolism in monocyte-derived dendritic cells." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A880—A881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0829.
Анотація:
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly lethal malignancy in part due to the potently immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. The weak immune response is due in part to the presence of tumor alpha-fetoprotein (tAFP), a fetal glycoprotein that is produced by a majority of HCC tumors.1 Previously, we showed that tAFP potently inhibited the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells when compared to cord blood-derived normal AFP (nAFP) and ovalbumin (OVA).2 Additionally, we demonstrated that tAFP inhibits lipid metabolism by limiting the expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes.3 To identify the mechanism whereby tAFP alters dendritic cell metabolism, we analyzed microarray data by a functional enrichment pathway analysis with g: Profiler.4MethodsMonocytes from healthy donors (n=4) were isolated with CD14 magnetic beads and differentiated for five days in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF with OVA, nAFP, or tAFP. After five days, we isolated RNA for microarray analysis using an Affymetrix HG-U133A array. R studio generated principal component analysis. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified as a 1 log fold change and had adjusted p values ofResultsPrincipal component analysis of the gene expression data revealed that tAFP clustered separately from OVA and nAFP based on PC1 (p = 0.016) and PC2 (p = 0.009) (figure 1). In total, 688 DE genes were identified with 495 upregulated and 193 downregulated (figure 2). Downregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP yielded significantly down regulated pathways including cholesterol (p = 10e-7.5), steroid (p = 10e-7.5), and lipid biosynthesis (p = 10e-6) (figure 3). Interestingly, upregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP included many pathways specific to stress response to metal ions including zinc (p = 10e-10.5) and copper (p = 10e-10) (figure 4).Abstract 829 Figure 1tAFP induces a distinct gene expression profile in monocyte-derived DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 2Identifying differentially expressed genes in OVA, nAFP, and tAFP treated DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 3tAFP downregulates cholesterol and steroid metabolism in DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 4tAFP upregulates stress response to metal ions in DC’sConclusionsIn addition to validating previous data demonstrating tAFP inhibited lipid biosynthesis generally, this is the first report to our knowledge of tAFP inhibiting gene signatures associated with cholesterol and sterol synthesis specifically. Furthermore, we identified significant upregulation of gene pathways corresponding to the stress response genes to metal ions. Notably, functional assays are underway to confirm these gene pathway data. These findings shed new insight into how tAFP perturbs monocyte and DC metabolism and thereby limits differentiation of monocytes to immature dendritic cells. Future insights into how tAFP limits innate immunity could lead to improved immunotherapies for HCC.Ethics ApprovalSamples were collected with informed consent at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt IRB #UPCI 04-001 and UPCI 04-111).ReferencesChan SL, Mo FKF, Johnson PJ, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Ho WM, et al. New utility of an old marker: serial alpha-fetoprotein measurement in predicting radiologic response and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2009;27:446–52. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.18.8151Pardee AD, Shi J, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein impairs the differentiation and T cell stimulatory activity of human dendritic cells. J Immunol 2014;193:5723–32. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400725Santos PM, Menk AV, Shi J, Tsung A, Delgoffe GM, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein suppresses fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7:1001–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0513Raudvere U, Kolberg L, Kuzmin I, Arak T, Adler P, Peterson H, et al. g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res 2019;47:W191–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz369
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Seo, Jae Hyeon, Ho Seong Lee, Young Rak Choi, Seung Hwan Park, Jae Hyung Lee, and Hannah Chun. "Outcomes of Simultaneous Bilateral vs Unilateral Distal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy in Hallux Valgus Patients Aged ≥60 Years." Foot & Ankle International 42, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100721996707.
Анотація:
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare radiographic outcomes of simultaneous bilateral and unilateral distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) in hallux valgus patients aged ≥60 years. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed consecutive outcomes of simultaneous bilateral DCMO and unilateral DCMO performed between June 2010 and August 2018 in 90 feet of 60 patients. Thirty patients underwent simultaneous bilateral DCMO, and 30 underwent unilateral DCMO. Comparative analysis of radiographic and clinical parameters between a simultaneous bilateral DCMO group (SB) and a unilateral DCMO group (U) was performed. Results: Mean age at surgery (65.7±4.8 vs 65.2±5.2 years), mean length of follow-up period (20.0 vs 18.6 months), and preoperative radiographic parameters were similar between the 2 groups (SB vs U). Mean hallux valgus angle (HVA) improved from 34.2 to 5.4 degrees (correction angle SB 28.8 vs U 28.8 degrees). Mean first-to-second intermetatarsal angle improved from 15.8 to 6.8 degrees (correction angle SB 8.9 vs U 8.9 degrees). Hallux varus deformity was observed in 4 feet (SB 3 vs U 1), and mechanical instability with callus formation in 1 foot in the unilateral group. Conclusion: DCMOs in patients aged ≥60 years were radiographically effective and safe, even performed in one stage bilaterally. Radiographic parameters were similar in patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral and unilateral DCMO. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Minckwitz, G. Von, S. Kümmel, P. Vogel, C. Hanusch, H. Eidtmann, J. Hilfrich, B. Gerber, J. Huober, S. D. Costa, and S. Loibl. "Inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancer respond similar to operable breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results from 278 patients with cT4a-d tumors of the GeparTRIO trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.542.
Анотація:
542 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with T4a-c and inflammatory (T4d) breast cancer. However, data on large-scale, multicentre, prospective trials are missing. In the GeparTRIO study (SABCS 2006, abstr. 42) 278 of 2,090 patients with cT4a-c or T4d tumors were included as a separate stratum for inoperable disease for a prospectively planned analysis. Methods: Patients were treated with 2 cycles TAC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, q d 21). If tumor reduction was >50%, patients were randomized to receive 4 or 6 additional TAC cycles. If tumor reduction was less, patients were randomized to 4 additional TAC cycles or to 4 NX cycles (vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 day 1 + 8, capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 day 1 14, q21). Efficacy endpoints were pCR-rate (no invasive and no non-invasive residuals in breast and lymph nodes) (primary), clinical response before surgery and breast conserving therapy (BCT) rate (secondary). Results: 95 (4.6%) T4d, 183 (8.9%) cT4a-c, and 1,767 (86.4%) T1–3 tumors were registered in GeparTRIO within 36 months. Patients with inoperable/operable tumors had a median age of 53.9/49.0 years, median cT size: 7.0/4.0cm, cN+: 75.6/52.0%, ductal: 76.3/78.4%, lobular: 14.0/13.5%, multiple lesions: 28.5/19.5%, grade 3: 34.8/39.9%, hormone receptor (HR) neg: 24.7/36.6%, HER-2 pos: 41.0/35.5%. Response rates for T4d, T4a-c, T1–3 were 8.4, 10.9, 17.5% (pCR, p=0.007), 36.7, 59.4, 72.6% (palpation after 2 cycles TAC, p<0.0001), 64.2, 62.3, 77.8% (palpation before surgery, p<0.0001), 52.6, 51.9, 67.4% (ultrasound before surgery, p<0.0001). BCT was performed in 12.6, 31.7, 69.5% (p<0.0001). Response after two cycles, negative HR content, young age, high grade, ductal type, but not tumor stage or size, were independent predictors for pCR in the total population. Conclusions: Inflammatory and cT4a-c breast carcinomas, compared to cT1–3 tumors, show less favorable tumor characteristics but a comparable pattern of response to TAC/NX. These patients do not need separate neoadjuvant trials. [Table: see text]
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Turbina, Lidia Grigor'evna, Sergey Alexandrovich Gordeev, and Anna Aronovna Zus'man. "Antidepressant therapy in complex treatment of painful diabetic polyneuropathy." Diabetes mellitus 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2012): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-6088.
Анотація:
Aims. Comparative efficiency and safety analysis of antidepressant agents from different pharmacological classes (pipofezine and venlafaxine)in combination with carbamazepine for treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DP). Materials and methods. We examined 21 male and 27 female patients with painful DP (mean age 54.3?14.2 years; mean duration ofdiabetes mellitus (DM) 8.9?5.1 years; mean duration of DP - 3.8?2.1 years). DP was diagnosed clinically and by electromyographymethod. Pain syndrome was assessed with DN4 questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire. Psycho-vegetative status was evaluated by Spielberger test with reactive and personal anxiety (RA and PA) assessment and Beck depressioninventory. All patients received symptomatic pharmacotherapy with anticonvulsant and antidepressant agent. First group (DP-1)included 23 patients on carbamazepin and pipofezine. Second group (DP-2) included 25 patients on carbamazepin and venlafaxine. Results. Following treatment, pain syndrome was completely compensated in 8.7% of patients from DP-1 group and 12.5% from DP-2.Decrease in pain intensity?50% from initial level was achieved in 73.9% (DP-1) and 75% (DP-2) of cases. Mean pain intensityaccording to VAS reduced from 5.2?2.1 points to 2.3?1.4 points (DP-1) and from 5.8?2.3 points (DP-2) with equal statistical significance(p
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Wierda, William G., X. Wang, S. OBrien, S. Faderl, A. Ferrajoli, D. Thomas, F. Ravandi, et al. "Serum Beta-2 Microglobulin: The Universal Independent Prognostic Factor for Patients with CLL." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5018.5018.
Анотація:
Abstract Prognostic factors are tools to address heterogeneity in clinical behavior and survival in patients with disease. They are particularly relevant for patients with malignancy, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There is striking heterogeneity in overall survival (OS) of patients with CLL as well as in response to treatment, time to treatment failure (TTF), and time to progression (TTP) following response. Serum β2 microglobulin (β2M) has previously been reported to correlate with OS and TTP in patients with CLL. We performed a retrospective analysis of 659 Rx-naïve and 1062 previously treated patients with CLL enrolled on clinical trials from 5/74 to 7/05 at MD Anderson Cancer Center evaluating for predictors for response to treatment, amount of treatment given, incidence of myelosuppression, TTF, TTP in responders, and OS. Univariate analysis was performed, then significant factors were used to develop multivariate models for these endpoints. Groups were analyzed separately. The clinical factors evaluated included: age, Rai stage, # nodal sites, liver and spleen size, β2M, WBC, ALC, HGB, PLT, serum LDH, Cr, ALB, CD38 expression, and serum Ig levels, and refractoriness to alkylating agents and fludarabine and # prior treatments for previously treated patients. In the Rx-naïve group, characteristics (median and range) were as follows: age=57 yrs(17–86); β2M=3.3 mg/L(1.1–16.4); WBC=74.7k/μL(2.1–552); ALC= 63k/μL(1–512); HGB=12.7 g/dL(5.7–18.7); PLT=156 k/μL(8–450); LDH=545 IU/L(103–3600); and IgG=754 mg/dL(45–5000). Patients with Rai stage 0=28; Rai I-II=402; and Rai III-IV=196. In the previously treated group, characteristics (median and range) were as follows: age=61 yrs(25–83); β2M= 4.4 mg/L(1.4–59.4); WBC= 43 k/μL(.6–953); ALC=36 k/μL(0–829); HGB=11.4 g/dL(3.8–17.6); PLT= 121 k/μL(2–703); LDH=597 IU/L(21–4739); and IgG=586 mg/dL(14–5000). Patients with Rai stage 0=37; Rai I-II=392; and Rai III-IV=563. Multivariate models identified the following predictors (p<.05) for response to treatment for Rx-naive patients: β2M, PLT, ALC, age, and treatment regimen; for previously treated patients they were β2M, PLT, HGB, age, # prior Rx, and treatment regimen. TTF was correlated in multivariate analysis (p<.05) with β2M, age, extent of bone marrow (BM) involvement, and treatment regimen for Rx-naïve patients and with β2M, HGB, IgM, # prior Rx, and treatment regimen for previously treated patients. TTP for responders correlated (p<.05) in multivariate analysis with treatment regimen and BM involvement for Rx-naïve and with # prior Rx and treatment regimen for previously treated patients. Finally, Cox proportinal hazards model for OS identified the following predictors in Rx-naïve patients: β2M, age, treatment regimen; and for previously treated patients they included β2M, # prior Rx, age, treatment regimen, IgM, HGB, and PLT. Therefore, β2M and treatment regimen were consistent and significant independent predictors of outcome. In Rx-naïve patients, β2M level rose prior to initiating treatment, decreased with response to treatment for responders, and rose again with relapse in those patients with serial β2M determinations. β2M is a powerful prognostic factor for patients with CLL predicting for multiple clinical endpoints. We are currently incorporating it into our risk-stratification for clinical trials and it should be incorporated into the routine evaluation of patients with CLL.