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Статті в журналах з теми "572.829 3":
1
VAN WALRAVEN, KLAAS. "JUBILEE IN QUESTION - 50 Jahre Unabhängigkeit in Afrika: Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Perspektiven. Edited by Thomas Bierschenk and Eva Spies. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, 2012. Pp. 572. €58, paperback (isbn978-3-89645-829-2)." Journal of African History 55, no. 1 (March 2014): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000868.
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Drucker-Brown, Susan. "Franz Kroger Buli-English Dictionary, Münster and Hamburg: Lit-Verlag, 1992, 572 pp., DM 148.80, ISBN 3 88660 820 4 hardcovers, DM 78.80, 3 88660 821 2 paperback." Africa 64, no. 3 (July 1994): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160806.
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Munson, Paul, Juraj Adamik, and Lisa Butterfield. "829 Tumor alpha-fetoprotein inhibits cholesterol and steroid metabolism in monocyte-derived dendritic cells." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A880—A881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0829.
Анотація:
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly lethal malignancy in part due to the potently immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. The weak immune response is due in part to the presence of tumor alpha-fetoprotein (tAFP), a fetal glycoprotein that is produced by a majority of HCC tumors.1 Previously, we showed that tAFP potently inhibited the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells when compared to cord blood-derived normal AFP (nAFP) and ovalbumin (OVA).2 Additionally, we demonstrated that tAFP inhibits lipid metabolism by limiting the expression of fatty acid metabolic enzymes.3 To identify the mechanism whereby tAFP alters dendritic cell metabolism, we analyzed microarray data by a functional enrichment pathway analysis with g: Profiler.4MethodsMonocytes from healthy donors (n=4) were isolated with CD14 magnetic beads and differentiated for five days in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF with OVA, nAFP, or tAFP. After five days, we isolated RNA for microarray analysis using an Affymetrix HG-U133A array. R studio generated principal component analysis. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified as a 1 log fold change and had adjusted p values ofResultsPrincipal component analysis of the gene expression data revealed that tAFP clustered separately from OVA and nAFP based on PC1 (p = 0.016) and PC2 (p = 0.009) (figure 1). In total, 688 DE genes were identified with 495 upregulated and 193 downregulated (figure 2). Downregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP yielded significantly down regulated pathways including cholesterol (p = 10e-7.5), steroid (p = 10e-7.5), and lipid biosynthesis (p = 10e-6) (figure 3). Interestingly, upregulated DE genes between tAFP versus nAFP included many pathways specific to stress response to metal ions including zinc (p = 10e-10.5) and copper (p = 10e-10) (figure 4).Abstract 829 Figure 1tAFP induces a distinct gene expression profile in monocyte-derived DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 2Identifying differentially expressed genes in OVA, nAFP, and tAFP treated DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 3tAFP downregulates cholesterol and steroid metabolism in DC’sAbstract 829 Figure 4tAFP upregulates stress response to metal ions in DC’sConclusionsIn addition to validating previous data demonstrating tAFP inhibited lipid biosynthesis generally, this is the first report to our knowledge of tAFP inhibiting gene signatures associated with cholesterol and sterol synthesis specifically. Furthermore, we identified significant upregulation of gene pathways corresponding to the stress response genes to metal ions. Notably, functional assays are underway to confirm these gene pathway data. These findings shed new insight into how tAFP perturbs monocyte and DC metabolism and thereby limits differentiation of monocytes to immature dendritic cells. Future insights into how tAFP limits innate immunity could lead to improved immunotherapies for HCC.Ethics ApprovalSamples were collected with informed consent at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt IRB #UPCI 04-001 and UPCI 04-111).ReferencesChan SL, Mo FKF, Johnson PJ, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Ho WM, et al. New utility of an old marker: serial alpha-fetoprotein measurement in predicting radiologic response and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2009;27:446–52. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.18.8151Pardee AD, Shi J, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein impairs the differentiation and T cell stimulatory activity of human dendritic cells. J Immunol 2014;193:5723–32. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400725Santos PM, Menk AV, Shi J, Tsung A, Delgoffe GM, Butterfield LH. Tumor-derived α-fetoprotein suppresses fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7:1001–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0513Raudvere U, Kolberg L, Kuzmin I, Arak T, Adler P, Peterson H, et al. g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res 2019;47:W191–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz369
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Krupa, Michał. "Notki recenzyjne." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 10 (December 11, 2019): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2016.131.
Анотація:
Pamiętniki i relacje w zbiorach rękopiśmiennych BN (wydanie drugie poprawione i rozszerzone), oprac. Danuta Kamolowa przy współudziale Teresy Sieniateckiej, Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2015, 539, [1] s., [26] k. tabl.: il., ISBN 978-83-7009-623-6 – Katarzyna Seroka [397-398]
Anna Kocot, Artyści „czarnej sztuki”. Typografia druków Floriana Unglera i Macieja Wirzbięty, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2015, ss. 416, ISBN/ISSN 978-83-76384-60-3 – Anna Kamler [398-403]
Justyna Kiliańczyk-Zięba, Sygnety drukarskie w Rzeczypospolitej XVI wieku: źródła ikonografi czne i treści ideowe, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego „SocietasVistulana”, 2015, ss. 342, [1]: il., ISBN 978-83-61033-89-9 – Katarzyna Seroka [403-405]
Catalogue of books from the Library of Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland, in the collection of the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, ed. by Maria I. Tkachenko, Maria Brynda, National Library of Poland (Warsaw), National Library of Russia (Saint Petersburg),Warsaw: National Library of Poland, 2015, 198 [1] s., [21] s. tabl., ISBN 978-83-7009-621-2 – Karolina Figaszewska [405-406]
Joanna Matyasik, Polonika XVI-XVII w. ze zbiorów Wojewódzkiej i Miejskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Bydgoszczy. Katalog, Bydgoszcz: Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna im. Dr. Witolda Bełzy, 2015, ss. 345, ISBN 978-83-85979-21-0; 978-83-62545-86-5 – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [406-409]
Polski wkład w przyrodoznawstwo i technikę: słownik polskich i związanych z Polską odkrywców, wynalazców oraz pionierów nauk matematycznoprzyrodniczych i techniki, t. 1-4, red. nauk. Bolesław Orłowski, Warszawa: Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2015, t. 1 ss. 521, t. 2 ss. 437, t. 3 ss. 511, t. 4 ss. 543, ISBN 978-83-8606-229-4; 978-83-8606-228-7; 978-83-7629-829-0; 978-83-7629-828-3; 978-83-7545-569-4; 978-83-7545-570-0 – Sarah Skumanov [409-410]
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Kumric, Sandra, Dragica Stojic, and Bozidar Cekic. "Investigation of hydrogen absorption kinetics on intermetallic compounds Hf2Ni, Hf2Co and Hf2Fe." Chemical Industry 63, no. 3 (2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0903159k.
Анотація:
Polycrystalline intermetallics Hf2Ni, Hf2Co and Hf2Fe are investigated as the hydrogen absorbers in the temperature range 348 to 823 K, under the constant hydrogen pressure of 1 bar. The absorption process was carried out in typical volumetric apparatus and H/M mole ratios together with rate constants and activation energies for hydrogen absorption reaction were determined. Achieved hydrogen absorption capacities at 573 K are: 0.60, 0.90 and 1.48 and rate constants at 573 K are: 0.38?10-3, 0.55?10-3 and 4.72?10-3 s-1 for Hf2Ni, Hf2Co and Hf2Fe respectively. Determined activation energies are: for Hf2Ni, 38.44 kJ/mol, for Hf2Co, 19.62 kJ/mol and 2.74 kJ/mol for Hf2Fe. From the obtained experimental results, it was concluded that Hf2Fe has the best hydrogen absorption ability among the examined intermetallics.
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Kaji, Daisuke, Yasunori Ota, Aya Nishida, Hisashi Yamamoto, Hikari Ota, Kazuya Ishiwata, Masanori Tsuji, et al. "Clinicopathological Study Of 12 Cases Of EBV-Associated Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) After Allogeneic SCT: A Single Institution Analysis Of 825 Transplants Including 572 Cord Blood Transplants In Toranomon Hospital." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3323.3323.
Анотація:
Abstract Background EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) is uncommon but one of serious complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, there has been little literature published on clinicopathological feature of it. Method We retrospectively investigated 825 cases of allogeneic SCT (unrelated bone marrow (uBM) 159, related peripheral blood (rPB) 94, cord blood (CB) 572) at Toranomon Hospital between January 2006 to November 2012. EBV-PTLD was defined as histologically confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive lymphoproliferative disorder developed after allogeneic SCT. Results We identified 12 cases of EBV-PTLD in our cohort. Cumulative incidence of EBV-PTLD at 2 years was 1.5%. Median time from allogeneic SCT to the diagnosis of EBV-PTLD was 6.4 (2.5-26) months. Eight patients were male and median age at the diagnosis of EBV-PTLD was 58.5 years (28-66). Underlying diseases were acute myeloid leukemia (n=5), myelodysplastic syndrome (1), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2), adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (1), aplastic anemia (2) and chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic phase (1). Conditioning regimens were fludarabine-based (n=10) and TBI/CY (n=2). None had an antithymocyte globulin-containing regimen. Donor sources were uBM (n=1) and CB (11). EBV serology before allogeneic SCT was tested in 11 and all were positive. Patients who received CB showed higher incidence of EBV-PTLD compared to those in non-CB cohort (2.2% vs 0.6%, p < 0.01), although patients characteristics was different between them. One patient developed PTLD after third allogeneic SCT. All but one patients had a history of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) of grade I (n=2), grade II (6) and grade III (3), respectively. Chronic GVHD was observed in 6 patients. Eight patients were on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with calcineurin inhibitors and/or steroids when EBV-PTLD was suspected for the first time. Although lymphadenopathy was detected by CT scan in 7 patients, surface lymph nodes were swollen in only 3 patients. Initial manifestations were fever in 8, and diarrhea in 5 patients. EBV-PTLD was diagnosed from lymph nodes (n=3), skin (3), bone marrow (2), stomach/duodenum (1), colon (2), and lung (1), respectively. Histological feature was monomorphic (n=4), polymorphic (2), early lesion (4), and unknown (2), respectively. LMP1 and EBNA2 was positive in 40% (4/10) and 30% (3/10), suggesting latency status of I in 50% (6/12), II in 8.3% (1/12), III in 25% (3/12), and unknown in 16.7% (2/12). EBV DNA of 100 copies/microL or above was detected in peripheral blood in all of the EBV-PTLD cases. The treatment for EBV-PTLD were rituximab alone (n=3), rituximab plus reduction of IST (6), rituximab plus cytotoxic chemotherapy (1), and observation alone(2). Although 8 patients achieved response, 2 patients suffered a relapse of EBV-PTLD. With a median follow up of 27.5 (4.1-47.7) months, 2-year overall survival was 46.9% after diagnosis of EBV-PTLD. Eight patients died and 4 are alive without relapse of EBV-PTLD. Causes of death were EBV-PTLD (n=2), relapse of underlying disease(3), infectious disease(2), and aGVHD(1). Conclusion Twelve cases of EBV-PTLD were identified in 825 transplants. Cumulative incidence of EBV-PTLD at 2 years was 1.5%. The incidence of EBV-PTLD after CB transplant was higher than that after non CB transplant, although we have to take into consideration that patients feature was different between them. Response to rituximab and/or reduction of IST was observed in 8 patients with a 2-year overall survival rate of 46.9%. Patients with prior aGVHD and with longer duration of immunosuppressive therapy may have an increased risk of developing EBV-PTLD. Since the initial manifestations were often equivocal, and survival rate after diagnosis is not high, having EBV-PTLD in mind as one of the possibilities is critical for prompt diagnosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ovchinnikova, Olga, Yuliya Polishchuk, Konstantin Sukhyy, and Elena Shembel. "Non-Aqueous Ionic Liquids Based on Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Transactions 105, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10501.0219ecst.
Анотація:
Results of measuring the conductivity of electrolytes with ionic liquids (IL) based on quaternary ammonium salts, promising for innovative lithium-sulfur batteries are presented. The conductivity of IL in a propylene carbonate-dimethylformamide mixture is 5.2·10-4. Sm/cm depending on the solvent ratio. The presence of lithium salt leads to higher values up to 8.9·10-3 Sm/cm.
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Huang, Jie, Hongtao Zhang, Yong He, Yanqun Zhu, and Zhihua Wang. "Evaporation, Autoignition and Micro-Explosion Characteristics of RP-3 Kerosene Droplets under Sub-Atmospheric Pressure and Elevated Temperature." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 7172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197172.
Анотація:
The evaporation, autoignition and micro-explosion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene droplets under sub-atmospheric pressure (0.2–1.0 bar) and elevated temperature (473–1023 K) were experimentally investigated using high-speed camera technology. The results showed that the droplet evaporation rate increased monotonically with increasing temperature and pressure under 573–873 K and 0.2–1.0 bar. The decrease of temperature and pressure was obviously detrimental to the successful autoignition of droplets and increased the ignition delay time. Autoignitions at 0.2 bar were very difficult and required an ambient temperature of at least 973 K, which was about 150 K higher than the minimum ignition temperature at 1.0 bar. Sub-atmospheric pressure environment significantly inhibits the formation of soot particle clusters during the autoignition of droplet. Reducing pressure was also discovered to reduce the likelihood of micro-explosions at 673, 773 and 823 K but increase the bubble growth rate and droplet breakage intensity. Strong micro-explosions with droplet breakage time close to 1 ms were observed at 0.6 bar and 773/823 K, showing the characteristic of bubble inertia control growth.
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Ibelgaufts, H. "Querverweise haufenweise: „Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Genetics”︁. Von R. C. King und W. D. Stansfield. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1990. 809 Seiten, 65 Tabellen, DM 275.-. ISBN 3-527-26726-3." Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 38, no. 11 (November 1990): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.19900381124.
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Jones, T. R., R. Zamboni, M. Belley, E. Champion, L. Charette, A. W. Ford-Hutchinson, J. Y. Gauthier, et al. "Pharmacology of the leukotriene antagonist verlukast: The (R)-enantiomer of MK-571." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-273.
Анотація:
Verlukast (MK-679) (3-(((3-(2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)-(E)-ethenyl)phenyl)((3-(dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl)thio)methyl)-thio)propionic acid) is a potent and selective inhibitor of [3H]leukotriene D4 binding in guinea-pig (IC50 = 3.1 ± 0.5 nM) and human (IC50 = 8.0 ± 3.0 nM) lung homogenates and dimethyl sulfoxide differentiated U937 cell membrane preparations (IC50 = 10.7 ± 1.6 nM) but is essentially inactive versus [3H]leukotriene C4 binding in guinea-pig lung homogenates (IC50 values of 19 and 33 μM). Functionally, when tested at 60 nM, it antagonized contractions of guinea-pig trachea (GPT) induced by leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and leukotriene E4 (respective −log KB values of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.9) and contractions of human trachea (HT) induced by leukotriene D4 (−log KB value 8.3 ± 0.2). In contrast, verlukast (20–200 nM) failed to antagonize contractions of GPT induced by leukotriene C4 in the presence of 45 mM L-serine borate. Intravenous (i.v.) and aerosol verlukast antagonized bronchoconstriction (BC) induced in anaesthetized guinea pigs by i.v. leukotriene D4 but did not block BC to arachidonic acid or histamine. Intraduodenal verlukast (0.25 mg/kg) antagonized leukotriene D4 (0.2 μg/kg) induced BC in guinea pigs. Oral and aerosol administration blocked leukotriene D4-induced BC in conscious squirrel monkeys. Orally administered compound also blocked ovalbumin-induced BC in conscious sensitized rats treated with methysergide (3 μg/kg). The pharmacological profile for verlukast is similar to that of the racemic compound, MK-571. Verlukast is currently in clinical development for the treatment of asthma and related diseases.Key words: verlukast, MK-679, leukotriene D4 antagonist, airway smooth muscle.
Дисертації з теми "572.829 3":
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Blázquez, Rodríguez Maria Isabel. "Ideologías y prácticas de género en la atención sanitaria del embarazo, parto y puerperio: el caso del área 12 de la comunidad de madrid." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8429.
Анотація:
En la sociedad madrileña la atención sanitaria al embarazo, parto y puerperio está ordenado por el sistema biomédico o la biomedicina, estudiado ampliamente por la antropología médica. Este sistema organiza un determinado itinerario asistencial que deben seguir todas las mujeres desde que sospechan o saben que estan embarazadas. Se inicia con una serie de visitas y pruebas, continúa en el parto, que se realiza en el hospital y, tras el nacimiento, comienza el puerperio con unos días de estancia hospitalaria y concluye con unas visitas en los centros de salud dirigidas tanto a la mujer como a la criatura recién nacida. En esta investigación además de mostrar el funcionamiento de la atención sanitaria, el objetivo principal se dirige a estudiar cómo se gestan y se dan al interior de la misma asistencia sanitaria, unas determinadas ideologías y prácticas de género, sobre el papel de los hombres y las mujeres en este proceso y en la maternidad/ paternidad. Esta etnografía iniciada en octubre de 2005 y concluida en enero de 2008; se ha realizado en un área sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid, de las once que existen, que la hemos nombrado como área sanitaria 12 y también se han empleado nombres ficticios para designar a los dos municipios analizados dentro de ella: Noceda y Villafranca.
Los resultados muestran los elementos sobre los que se produce el control biomédico del embarazo, parto y puerperio como el enfoque de riesgo, los protocolos y procedimientos sanitarios, que producen la medicalización y la lógica productivista. También nos detenemos a presentar a las profesionales y sus asociaciones, y cómo participan en la reproducción y los cambios.
Uno de los principales cambios que describimos, consiste en lo que hemos denominado como el enfoque fisiológico, que actualmente se propone para otorgar mayor protagonismo a las mujeres. El cual está incluido en una normativa del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, que ha sido elaborada y aprobada durante el trabajo de campo. Sin embargo, se señalan ciertas contradicciones que pueden significar cierta continuidad del enfoque de riesgo y del control biomédico, teniendo en cuenta sobre todo el énfasis que se pone en lo biológico, la naturalización de las mujeres, la uniformización de la atención y el apoyo "prestado" a la hegemonía de la biomedicina en la gestión de los procesos de salud y enfermedad.
Las mujeres, destinatarias de los servicios sanitarios, intentan participar en sus procesos de atención, aunque surgen conflictos que son especialmente visibles respecto a todo aquello relativo a sus visiones de la atención, del riesgo, de las bajas laborales durante sus embarazos y especialmente sobre la maternidad.
Los hombres también se hacen presentes en la atención sanitaria y en relación a la paternidad, como mostramos con el uso del derecho al permiso por paternidad. Sin embargo también aparecen algunas tensiones sobre cómo integrarles en la atención, y sobre cómo se todo en el modo se explican sus diferencias respecto a la reproducción, la maternidad o la paternidad.
In Madrid the health care attention to pregnancy, partum and postpartum is organised by biomedicine, care system and model has been studied by medical anthropology.
Pregnant women turn to health system and begin a medical care itinerary. This itinerary consists of a series of visits and tests, continues with the hospitalized partum, and after child's birth, with the postpartum that entails some days in the same hospital and ends with visits to the public health centre for both the women and the creature.
The main aim is to analyse gender ideologies and practices inside health care attention of pregnancy, partum and postpartum. To do so, this research first examines how the health care attention works and what role does it gaves to women and men, specifically in the maternity/parternity process.
Fieldwork for this research started in 2005 and ended in 2008. It was carried out in a sanitary district in the south of Madrid (Spain) called "area 12", which has two municipalities: Noceda y Villafranca. All of these names are anonymous.
The Thesis shows the elements in which biomedical control is produced in pregnancy, partum and postpartum, as the risk approach and sanitary protocols and procedures that produce medicalisation and productivist logic. We also examine how the professionals and their associations are participating in reproducing and changing care.
One of the main transformations we describe consists on what we have named physiological approach that nowadays proposes to attach more importance to women. This approach is included in the Spanish Health and Compsumtion Department that was approved during the fieldwork. Nevertheless, we can find some contradictions implied in the continuity of risk approach and biomedical control as they emphasise the biological, women naturalization, standardization of care and support the hegemonic of biomedicine in management of health and illness process.
Women try to participate in their attention processes but conflicts arise. These conflicts are visible mainly regarding to ways of understanding attention, risk, labour leaves, and above all, maternity.
Men are in health care attention like parents and partners. And they are using their paternity rights. However, some conflicts appear in defining which is their role in this process.
Книги з теми "572.829 3":
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Семенець, О. Є. Сучасна Індія: наука, технології, стратегічні сектори. Київ: КНЕУ, 2006.
Частини книг з теми "572.829 3":
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Smit, Nienke, Marijn van Dijk, Kees de Bot, and Wander Lowie. "The Teacher’s Turn: Teachers’ Perceptions of Observed Patterns of Classroom Interaction." In Effective Teaching Around the World, 737–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31678-4_34.
Анотація:
AbstractInsight in the way verbal teacher-student classroom interaction unfolds during the language lesson is of crucial importance for effective teaching. Although classroom observational research is indispensable, it is unable to uncover underlying intentions or motivations for the observed behavior. Teacher cognition research seeks to address the relation between teaching practice and what teachers think. This study reports on the perceptions of a group of English as a foreign language teachers (n = 57) who were asked to reflect on results from a classroom observation study about EFL teacher-student interaction in a similar teaching context. A large majority (82%) of the respondents recognized the observed pattern of closed teacher questions and limited student responses. This majority indicated that student participation in their own lessons is similar to the observed lessons or lower. Respondents attributed the pattern of high teacher activity and low student activity to emotional factors rather than to students’ proficiency levels, lesson content, lesson activities or motivational aspects. According to 51% of the respondents, making students feel more competent by focusing on formative evaluation might improve classroom interaction, whereas 18% of the respondents suggested that interaction could be improved by using different teaching materials.
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Malisch, Rainer, Alexander Schächtele, Ralf Lippold, Björn Hardebusch, Kerstin Krätschmer, F. X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, Gerald Moy, et al. "Overall Conclusions and Key Messages of the WHO/UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies on Persistent Organic Pollutants." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk, 615–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_16.
Анотація:
AbstractBuilding on the two rounds of exposure studies with human milk coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-1980s and 1990s on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), five expanded studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were performed between 2000 and 2019. After the adoption of the Stockholm Convention on POPs (the Convention) in 2001, WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) collaborated in joint studies starting in 2004. The collaboration aimed at provision of POPs data for human milk as a core matrix under the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) to assess the effectiveness of the Convention as required under Article 16. Over time, the number of analytes in the studies expanded from the initial 12 POPs targeted by the Convention for elimination or reduction to the 30 POPs covered under the Stockholm Convention and two other POPs proposed for listing as of 2019. Many of these chemicals have numerous congeners, homologous groups, isomeric forms, and transformation products, which significantly extends the number of recommended analytes.In the studies between 2000 and 2019, 82 countries from all five United Nations regions participated, of which 50 countries participated in more than one study. For the human milk samples of the 2016–2019 period, results are available for the full set of 32 POPs of interest for the Convention until 2019: (i) the 26 POPs listed by the start of the study in 2016; (ii) decabromodiphenyl ether [BDE-209] and short-chain chlorinated paraffins [SCCP] as listed in 2017; (3) dicofol and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA] as listed in 2019; (4) medium-chain chlorinated paraffins [MCCP] and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS] as proposed for listing. This is a unique characteristic among the core matrices under the GMP.Four key messages can be derived: These studies are an efficient and effective tool with global coverage as key contributor to the GMP. After collection of a large number of individual samples (usually 50) fulfilling protocol criteria, pooled samples are prepared using equal aliquots of individual samples (physical averaging) and are considered to be representative for a country, subregion or subpopulation at the time of the sampling. The analysis of pooled representative human milk samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories meeting rigorous quality criteria contributes to reliability and comparability and reduces uncertainty of the analytical results. Additionally, this concept is very cost-effective. These studies can be used for regional differentiation based on concentrations of individual POPs between and within the five UN Regional Groups (African Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eastern European Group, Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries; Western European and Others Group). For some POPs, a wide range of concentrations with up to three orders of magnitude between lower and upper concentrations was found, even for countries in the same UN region. Some countries had levels within the usual range for most POPs, but high concentrations for certain POPs. Findings of concentrations in the upper third of the frequency distribution may motivate targeted follow-up studies rather than if the observed level of a POP is found in the lower third of frequency distribution. However, the concentration of a POP has also to be seen in context of the sampling period and the history and pattern of use of the POPs in each country. Therefore, results are not intended for ranking of individual countries but rather to distinguish broader patterns. These studies can provide an assessment of time trends, as possible sources of variation were minimized by the survey concepts building on two factors (sampling design; analysis of the pooled samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories). The estimation of time trends based on comparison of median or mean concentrations in UN Regional Groups over the five surveys in five equal four-year periods between 2000 and 2019 provides a first orientation. However, the variation of the number of countries participating in a UN Regional Group in a certain period can influence the median or mean concentrations. Thus, it is more prudent to only use results of countries with repeated participation in these studies for drawing conclusions on temporal trends. The reduction rates in countries should be seen in context with the concentration range: A differentiation of high levels and those in the range of the background contamination is meaningful. If high levels are found, sources might be detected which could be eliminated. This can lead to significant decrease rates over the following years. However, if low background levels are reported, no specific sources can be detected. Other factors for exposure, e.g. the contamination of feed and food by air via long-range transport and subsequent bioaccumulation, cannot be influenced locally. However, only very few time points from most individual countries for most POPs of interest are available, which prevents the derivation of statistically significant temporal trends in these cases. Yet, the existing data can indicate decreasing or increasing tendencies in POP concentrations in these countries. Furthermore, pooling of data in regions allows to derive statistically significant time trends in the UN Regional Groups and globally. Global overall time trends using the data from countries with repeated participation were calculated by the Theil–Sen method. Regarding the median levels of the five UN Regional Groups, a decrease per 10 years by 58% was found for DDT, by 84% for beta-HCH, by 57% for HCB, by 32% for PBDE, by 48% for PFOS, by 70% for PCB, and by 48% for PCDD and PCDF (expressed as toxic equivalents). In contrast, the concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CP) as “emerging POPs” showed increasing tendencies in some UN Regional Groups. On a global level, a statistically significant increase of total CP (total CP content including SCCP [listed in the Convention in 2017] and MCCP [proposed to be listed]) concentrations in human milk of 30% over 10 years was found. The studies can provide the basis for discussion of the relative importance (“ranking”) of the quantitative occurrence of POPs. This, however, requires a differentiation between two subgroups of lipophilic substances ([i] dioxin-like compounds, to be determined in the pg/g [=ng/kg] range, and [ii] non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs, to be determined in the ng/g [=μg/kg] range; both groups reported on lipid base) and the more polar perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS); reported on product base [as pg/g fresh weight] or on volume base [ng/L]. For this purpose, results for the complete set of the 32 POPs of interest for the 2016–2019 period were considered. By far, the highest concentrations of lipophilic substances were found for DDT (expressed as “DDT complex”: sum of all detected analytes, calculated as DDT; maximum: 7100 ng/g lipid; median: 125 ng/g lipid) and for chlorinated paraffins (total CP content; maximum: 700 total CP/g lipid; median: 116 ng total CP/g lipid). PCB was next in the ranking and had on average an order of magnitude lower concentrations than the average of the total CP concentrations. The high CP concentrations were caused predominantly by MCCP. If the pooled samples from mothers without any known major contamination source nearby showed a high level of CP, some individual samples (e.g. from local population close to emission sources, as a result of exposure to consumer products or from the domestic environment) might even have significantly higher levels. The lactational intake of SCCP and MCCP of the breastfed infant in the microgram scale resulting from the mothers’ dietary and environmental background exposure should therefore motivate targeted follow-up studies and further measures to reduce exposure (including in the case of MCCP, regulatory efforts, e.g. restriction in products). Further, due to observed levels, targeted research should look at the balance among potential adverse effects against positive health aspects for the breastfed infants for three groups of POPs (dioxin-like compounds; non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs; PFAS) regarding potentially needed updates of the WHO guidance. As an overall conclusion, the seven rounds of WHO/UNEP human milk exposure studies are the largest global survey on human tissues with a harmonized protocol spanning over the longest time period and carried out in a uniform format. Thus, these rounds are an effective tool to obtain reliable and comparable data sets on this core matrix and a key contributor to the GMP. A comprehensive set of global data covering all POPs targeted by the Stockholm Convention, in all UN Regional Groups, and timelines covering a span of up to three decades allows to evaluate data from various perspectives. A widened three-dimensional view is necessary to discuss results and can be performed using the three pillars for assessments of the comprehensive data set, namely: analytes of interest; regional aspects; time trends. This can identify possible problems for future targeted studies and interventions at the country, regional, or global level. Long-term trends give an indication of the effectiveness of measures to eliminate or reduce specific POPs. The consideration of countries with repeated participation in these studies provides the best possible database for the evaluation of temporal trends. The continuation of these exposure studies is important for securing sufficient data for reliable time trend assessments in the future. Therefore, it is highly recommended to continue this monitoring effort, particularly for POPs that are of public health concern.
3
Ali, Anwar, Quratul Ain, Ayesha Saeed, Waseem Khalid, Munir Ahmed, and Ahmed Bostani. "Bio-Molecular Characteristics of Whey Proteins with Relation to Inflammation." In Whey Proteins - Uses and Biological Roles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99220.
Анотація:
Whey proteins in bovine milk are a mixture of globular proteins manufactured from whey which is a byproduct of cheese industry. Whey protein is categorized to contain plethora of healthy components due to wide range of pH, promising nutritional profile with cost effective and diverse functionality. Reportedly there are three categories of whey protein, whey protein concentrate (WPC) (29–89%); whey protein isolate (WPI) 90% and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the basis of proteins present in them. Whey proteins is composed of β-lactoglobulin (45–57%), immunoglobulins (10–15%) α-lactalbumin (15–25%), glicomacropeptide (10–15%), lactoperoxidase (<1%) and lactoferrin nearly (1%). Whey protein plays an important role and is validated to confer anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory roles related to all metabolic syndromes. According to molecular point of view whey proteins decrease inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF- α); inhibits ACE and NF-κB expression; promotes Fas signaling and caspase-3 expression; elevates GLP-1, PYY, CCK, G1P and leptin; chelate and binds Fe+3, Mn+3 and Zn+2. In this chapter we will discuss significant biological role of whey proteins related to inflammatory health issues.
4
Taber, Douglass F. "C-H Functionalization: The White Synthesis of 6-Deoxyerythronolide B." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0018.
Анотація:
Masayuki Inoue of the University of Tokyo designed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 3630) a linker that specifically directed C-H hydroxylation, as illustrated by oxidation of 1 to 2. Phil S. Baran of Scripps/La Jolla detailed (Nature 2009, 459, 824; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9705) some of the factors that direct reactivity in intermolecular C-H hydroxylation. Ning Jiao of Peking University devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7094) a protocol for the direct oxidation of a methylated aromatic 3 to the nitrile 4. Armando J. L. Pombeiro of TU Lisbon developed (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2009, 351, 2936) a procedure for C-H carboxylation, converting 5 into 6. Maurizio Fagnoni of the University of Pavia showed (Chem. Commun. 2009, 7351) that sunlight was sufficient to promote the addition of cyclohexane 7 to methyl acrylate to give 8. Jin-Quan Yu, also of Scripps/La Jolla, established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9886) conditions for the selective Pd-mediated coupling of 9 to iodobenzene to give 10. Alexei V. Novikov of the University of North Dakota demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 6963; Heterocycles 2009, 78, 2531) that both diazo sulfonates such 11 and the related diazo sulfones cyclized smoothly under Rh catalysis to give the six-membered ring products. In the course of a synthesis of the Psoralea corylifolia –derived bakuchiol, the adduct from the cyclization of 11 was converted into the vinylated product 12. C-H bonds can also be activated electronically by proximal functional groups. Yong-Min Liang of Lanzhou University observed (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 7464) that an N-aryl cyclic amine 13 could be oxidized to the syn diacetoxylated product 14. Note that the α-acetoxy group of 14 is activated for ionization and further bond formation. Yuhong Zhang of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, found (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 3730) that the activated intermediate from the oxidation of 15 coupled with a silyl enol ether to deliver the coupled product 16. Bernd Plietker of the Universität Stuttgart devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5752) a Ru catalyst for the coupling of an alkyne 18 to an α,β-unsaturated ester 17 to give the diene 19. Both disubstituted alkynes and more complex α,β-unsaturated esters participated as well. Gregory K. Friestad of the University of Iowa observed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 819) that an N-vinyl amide 20 could be homologated to the ester 22.
5
Scott, Andrew, Morten Hviid, Bruce Lyons, and Christopher Bright. "Relationship With The Ec Merger Control Regime." In Merger Control in the united kingdom, 65–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199276882.003.0005.
Анотація:
Abstract The EC regime provides for the review of ‘concentrations’. A concentration is deemed to arise on a ‘change of control on a lasting basis’, with ‘control’ being understood as ‘the possibility of exercising decisive influence on an undertaking’: Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (2004) OJ L24/1 (hereinafter ‘ECMR’ or ‘Merger Regulation’), Article 3. See also, Commission Notice on the concept of concentration under Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 on the control of concentrations between under- takings [1998] OJ C66/2. By virtue of Article 57 of the European Economic Area Agreement, the Commission also exercises jurisdiction over concentrations with a Community dimension across the EFTA territory (includes the EC and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, but bars Switzerland for these purposes). The EFTA Surveillance Authority has jurisdiction over concentrations that do not come within the Commission ‘s jurisdiction, but which meet the turnover thresholds in the EFTA territory.
6
"A Divorce Bill, Possibly Given by a (Jewish) Woman, Shelamzion, to Her Husband, Eleazar." In Women’s Religions in the Greco-Roman World, edited by Ross Shepard Kraemer, 156. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170658.003.0065.
Анотація:
Abstract work: One of many papyri found in the Judean desert pertaining to Jewish life around the second century c.e., this particular document has provoked extensive controversy. While some scholars, including Yardeni, consider it the receipt for a divorce document (Hebrew, get), others take it to be a get issued by a woman to her former husband (Milik, Ilan). translation, text, and bibliography: Tal Ilan, “Notes and Observations on a Newly Published Divorce Bill from the Judaean Desert,” HTR 89, no. 2 (1996): 195–202. additional translation, text, and bibliography: Ada Yardeni, Nahfi al Sfie’elim Documents (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society and Ben Gurion University in the Negev Press, 1995). additional bibliography: David Instone Brewer, “Jewish Women Divorcing Their Husbands in Early Judaism: The Background to Papyrus Sfie’elim 13,” HTR 92, no. 3 (1999): 349–57; J. T. Milik, “Le travail d’édition des manuscrits du désert de Juda,” Volume du congres Strasbourg 1956, Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 4 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1956), 17–26; Michael Satlow, Jewish Marriage in Antiquity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001); A. Schremer, “Divorce in Papyrus Sfie’elim Once Again: A Reply to Tal Ilan,” HTR 91, no. 2 (1998): 193–204 (with response from Ilan).
7
Taber, Douglass F. "Heteroaromatic Construction: The Sperry Synthesis of (+)-Terreusinone." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0066.
Анотація:
Akio Saito and Yuji Hanzawa of Showa Pharmaceutical University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 4658) that an alkynyl keto ester 1 could be oxidatively cyclized to the furan 2. Eric M. Ferreira of Colorado State University showed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5924) that depending on the conditions, a Pt catalyst could cyclize 3 to either 4 or 5. Shunsuke Chiba of Nanyang Technological University used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13942) Cu catalysis for the oxidation of 6 to the pyrrole 7. Vladimir Gevorgyan of the University of Illinois at Chicago devised (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3746) a convergent assembly of the pyrrole 10 from the alkyne 8 and the alkyne 9. Dale L. Boger of Scripps La Jolla extended (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12285) the scope of the Diels-Alder addition of the triazine 11 to an alkyne 12 to give the pyridine 13. Tomislav Rovis, also of Colorado State University, used (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11846) a Rh catalyst to add an alkyne 15 to the oxime 14 to give the pyridine 16. Sensuke Ogoshi of Osaka University, under Ni catalysis, added (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 18018) a nitrile 18 to the diene 17 to give the pyridine 19. Alexander Deiters of North Carolina State University showed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4352) that the complex tethered diyne 20 combined with 21 with high regiocontrol to give 22. Yong-Min Liang of Lanzhou University prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8329) the indole 24 by cyclizing the alkyne 23. Xiuxiang Qi and Kang Zhao of Tianjin University found (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8690) that the enamine 25 could be oxidatively cyclized to the indole 26. Kazuhiro Yoshida and Akira Yanagisawa of Chiba University established (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4762) that ring-closing metathesis converted the keto ester 27 to the indole 28. Alessandro Palmieri and Roberto Ballini of the Università di Camerino observed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 1425) that the pyrrole 30 spontaneously added to the nitro acrylate 29 to give an adduct that cyclized to 31 on exposure to acid.
8
"Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium." In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium, edited by RANDAL R. PIETTE and ALAN D. NIEBUR. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874257.ch38.
Анотація:
<em>Abstract</em>.—Male flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em> from the Fox (<EM>N</EM> = 24) and Wolf (<EM>N </EM>= 20) rivers in Wisconsin were implanted with 575-d radio transmitters and tracked over a 3-year period. Mean overall range of Fox River fish was 32.1 km (5.5–77.4 km) and 57.6 km (2.3–158.5 km) for Wolf River fish. Mean range was not significantly different between rivers (<EM>P</EM> = 0.158). Summer ranges averaged 16.7, 6.8, and 12.9 km for Fox River fish and 7.6, 5.6, and 4.5 km for Wolf River fish during three summers. Winter ranges averaged 2.4 and 5.9 km for Fox River fish and 3.6 and 1.9 km for Wolf River fish during two winters. Summer ranges were significantly greater than winter ranges (<EM>P</EM> = 0.048). Fish showed strong river and site fidelity returning to the same river reach and often the same woody structure in successive years during spawning and summer period. Summer site fidelity was 89% in the Fox River and 87% in the Wolf River. Winter site fidelity was 56% in the Fox River and 86% in the Wolf River. Most fish returned to wintering areas in the upper river lakes; however, 31% of Fox River fish and 25% of Wolf River fish wintered in the rivers in deep pool habitat. Fish that wintered in the rivers returned to the same pools in successive years. Upstream movement began in late April and May when water temperatures approached 15°C and stabilized in mid-June when water temperatures reached 20°C. Downstream movement began in August and peaked in September when water temperatures declined from 20°C to 15°C. Mean depth at fish locations during mid-April to mid-September averaged 2.1 m for the Fox River and 3.6 m for the Wolf River. Large woody structure was the dominant cover type used by Fox (83%) and Wolf (69%) river fish during the same time period.
9
Lambert, Tristan H. "C–O Ring Construction: The Martín and Martín Synthesis of Teurilene." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0043.
Анотація:
Benjamin List at the Max-Planck-Institute in Mülheim reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3490) that the chiral phosphoric acid TRIP catalyzed the asymmetric SN2-type intramolecular etherification of 1 to produce tetrahydrofuran 2 with a selectivity factor of 82. The coupling of alkenol 3 with 4 to give the α-arylated tetrahydropyran 5 via a method that combined gold catalysis and photoredox catalysis was disclosed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 5505) by Frank Glorius at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Mark Lautens at the University of Toronto reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1148) the conversion of cyclohexanedione 6 and phenylboronic acid to bicyclic ether 8 using rhodium catalysis in the presence of dienyl ligand 7. Propargylic ether 9 was found (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2926) by John P. Wolfe at the University of Michigan to undergo conversion to furanone 10 upon treatment with dibutylboron triflate and Hünig’s base followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Tomislav Rovis at Colorado State University demonstrated (Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 1668) that the spirocyclic compound 13 could be prepared in enantioenriched form from 11 by a photoisomerization- coupled Stetter reaction using carbene catalyst 12. Antonio C. B. Burtoloso at the University of São Paulo reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2434) the conversion of ketone 14 to lactone 15 using samarium(II) iodide and methyl acrylate. The merger of diketone 16 and pyrone 17 in the presence of Amberlyst-15 to produce (−)- tenuipyrone 18 was disclosed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 6) by Rongbiao Tong at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Joanne E. Harvey at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand found (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2430) that tricyclic ether 20 could be generated efficiently from dihydropyran 19 and pyrone 17 via a palladium-catalyzed double allylic alkylation cascade. Two rings and four stereocenters were generated in the construction of bicyclic ether 23 from dienol 21 and acetal 22 via a Lewis acid-mediated cascade, as reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2046) by Christine L. Willis at the University of Bristol.
10
"2 retourne,] b, c; ~. a. 24.6 his] b, c; her a. 45.8 thrown,] c; ~: a, b. 27.7 eye] a; eyes b, c. 47.2 fate] a, c; fete b. 30.2 An] a; And b, c. 47.8 to] a; two b, c. 33.5 sits] a; fits b, c. 47.9 afrayd.] b, c; ~ ^ a. 38.8 vew:] c; ~, a, b. 48.5 Damsell] Damfell P.V. in a. 41.7 and helmets] a, c; helmets b 43.3 fie] a, b, c. F.E.: fye for sie. fie in copies of a. Canto vii 46.9 told.] b , c; ~, a. 1.6 frame,] c; ~; a, b. 3.5 mynd:] b, c; ~, a. Canto ix 4.7 fade:] b, c; ~ ^ a. Arg.1 tells:] Smith; ~ ^ a, b; ~, c. 5.5 her] a, c; he b. Arg.2 bands] F.E., b, c; hands a. 5.9 drinke] a; drunke b, c. 4.8 billowes] dillowes P.V. in a. do] a; did b, c. 5.2 mee:] b, c; ~ ^ a. 10.3 presumption] presu mption P.V. in a. 8.9 the] F.E., b, c; that a. 11.4 hopelesse,] c; ~; a, b. respyre.] b, c; ~ ^ a. 11.6 inwardly] inwarldly P.V. in a. 9.3 that] a; the b, c. 12.6 blow:] b, c; ~ ^ a. 9.5 Timons] F.E., b, c; Cleons a. 13.2 Hell,] b, c; ~,, a. 12.9 on] F.E., c; at a, b. 16.6 dreaded] b, c; dteaded a. 15.8 vowd] a; vow b, c. 20.3 that] a; the b, c. 16.9 grownd.] b, c; ~ ^ a. 22.9 sad sight fro] b, c; sad fro a. 18.9 as] a ; the b, c. 25.4 feele] seele P.V. in a. 19.7 his] F.E., b, c; this a. 32.8 Whose] b, c; Her a. 26.5 nye.] Smith; ~? a, b, c. 33.3 steele] F.E., b, c; steeld a. 31.5 mealt’th] Smith; mealt’h a, b, c. 36.1 seeme] F.E., b, c; seene a. 33.3 ypight] b, c; yplight a. 37.7 amble] a; trample b, c. 34.6 cliffs] F.E.; clifts a, b, c. 37.8 chauft] F.E., b, c; chanst a. 35.9 Were] a, c; Where b. 41.7 staid] 7Jaid P.V. in a. 41.2 life is limited] F.E., b, c; life limited a. 42.5 said;] b, c; ~ ^ a. 43.8 way,] b, c; ~. a. Faire] c; faire a, b . 46.7 falsed] b, c; falsest a. 43.4 whiles] a; whilest b; whil’st c. 52.1 saw] b, c; heard a. 43.5 ronne] F.E., b, c; come a. 53.1 feeble] a; seely b; silly c. 43.9 Gehons] a; Gebons b, c. 47.3 hands] F.E., b, c; hand a. Canto x 47.5 ground] b, c; gtound a. 2.7 daint,] b, c; ~. a. 48.9 yee] a; you b, c. 15.4 for] a; well b, c. 50.1 forsooke] b, c; forfooke a. 16.8 her] F.E.; be a, b, c. 17.4 whyle ^ ] b, c; ~. a. Canto viii 20.5 Dry-shod . . . tway;] c; not in a, b. This line Arg.3 the Gyaunt] F.E.; that Gyaunt a, b, c. appears for the first time in c. 3.1 his Squire] a; the Squire b, c. 21.9 dismayes.] b, c; ~ , a. 5.5 fownd,] b; ~. a; found) c. 22.9 perplexity.] b, c; ~ ^ a. 7.6 wise] F.E., b, c; wist a. 24.4 relief ^ ] c; ~. a, b. 8.1 might:] b, c; ~, a. 25.6 extirpe] b, c; extirp e a. 10.6 off] b, c; of a. 27.6 His blamefull body . . . sore] a; His bodie in 11.9 murmur ring] F.E.; murmuring a, b, c. salt water smarting sore b, c. 14.9 dismayd.] b; ~ ^ a, c. 36.6 Their] c; There a, b. 15.3 nigh] a, c; night b. 36.9 in commers-by] c; in-commers by a, b." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 760. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-133.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "572.829 3":
1
Jeon, Da-Som, and Nam-Su Huh. "On a Plastic Limit Loads of Complex-Cracked Pipes With Weld Overlay Using Finite Element Limit Analyses." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65656.
Анотація:
In the present study, the plastic limit loads of the complex-cracked pipes, which have 360° internal surface crack along the circumference of pipe together with partial through-wall crack, are investigated via detailed 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) limit analyses. In terms of geometry of the complex-cracked pipe, the Alloys 82/182 butt weld that has welds overlay using the Alloys 52/152 for mitigating primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in the nuclear pipe is considered. In the present FE limit analyses on complex-cracked pipes with welds overlay, the effect of strength mismatch between Alloys 82/182 and Alloys 52/152, depth of 360° internal surface crack and length of partial through-wall crack on plastic limit loads of complex-cracked pipes is systematically evaluated. As for loading conditions, axial tension, global bending and internal pressure are employed. The resulting FE plastic limit loads of complex-cracked pipes with welds overlay are also compared with the existing solutions, and finally the applicability of simple engineering estimate using the single material property based on the weighted average concept instead of using the properties of Alloys 52/152 and Alloys 82/182 to the prediction of the plastic limit loads of complex-cracked pipes with welds overlay is pursued.
2
Cohn, Marvin J., Michael T. Cronin, Fatma G. Faham, David A. Bosko, and Erick Liebl. "Optimization of NDE Reexamination Locations and Intervals for Grade 91 Piping System Girth Welds." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45630.
Анотація:
It has become apparent with the development of creep strength enhanced ferritic steels, the mandatory ASME B31.1 Chapter VII and the non-mandatory ASME B31.1 Appendix V guidelines require a more rigorous method to manage the Grade 91 piping integrity at Genesee Unit 3. Given the relatively young age of Genesee Unit 3, three questions have been asked: 1) when do the examinations start, 2) what locations should be examined first, and 3) how often should the same location be reexamined? To ensure that the best value is obtained from the reexamination budget, a five-step process can be effectively used to define and categorize the scope of each set of reexaminations in the girth weld integrity management program. The five processes are performing the following analyses: 1) an evaluation of the historical information, 2) piping system hot and cold walkdowns, 3) as-designed and as-found piping stress analyses, 4) creep life consumption evaluations, including elastic and inelastic axial and radial stress redistributions, and 5) creep crack growth curve analyses. Reexaminations of the few critical lead-the-fleet weldments are performed with lower examination costs and higher confidence. Evaluations of the Genesee Unit 3 main steam (MS) piping system revealed that the applicable weldment stress is probably the most significant parameter in determining the Grade 91 girth weld critical reexamination locations and intervals. ASME B31.1 piping stress analyses of the MS piping system have sustained load stress variations of more than 100% among the girth welds. The lower bound American Petroleum Institute (API) 579 creep rupture equation for Grade 91 operating at 1,060°F (571°C) indicates that the creep life is a function of stress to the power of 8.9; consequently, a 15% stress increase results in about 2/3 reduction of creep rupture life. Creep crack growth analyses of several of the MS piping system weldments revealed that the creep crack growth time to grow from 1/8 inch to through-wall is a function of stress to the power of 8.8; consequently, a 15% stress increase results in about 2/3 reduction of time for a 1/8-inch crack to grow through-wall. This evaluation reveals that a few critical lead-the-fleet locations should be reexamined most frequently and justification can be provided for much longer reexamination intervals of the remaining girth welds with much lower applied stresses.
3
Janković, Marina, and Marija Bakrač. "STABILISATION OF CUT 3, LOT 1, SECTION GORJE POLJE – CARIČINA DOLINA, E-75 HIGHWAY, BELGRADE – NIŠ, PHASE II, REINFORCED SOIL CONSTRUCTION." In GEO-EXPO 2022. DRUŠTVO ZA GEOTEHNIKU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/geo-expo_2022_4.
Анотація:
During the execution of works on the E-75 highway, Belgrade-Niš - the border with FYR Macedonia, on section Gornje Polje - Caričina Dolina, LOT 1, on the Cut 3 from km 876+ 325 to km 876 + 825 there was a violation of the stability of a conditionally stable slope that jeopardizes the highway route. According results of extensive geotechnical investigations it is a huge landslide with a complex slip mechanism. Within the Phase II works on the stabilization of the landslide toe in the zone of the left bank of the South Morava River, in the length of 300,50 m, from km 3 + 592 to km 3 + 900.35 (along the axis of the river), or from km 876 + 739,23 to km 876 + 485 (along the axis of the highway) are foreseen. These works consist of constructing the reinforced soil embankment, up to 12.5 m height in the zone of toe of the landslide. The embankment shall contribute to the stabilization of the slope as a ballast, as well as redistribution of the mass after the excavation necessary for the road deviation.
4
Vaičaitis, V., and A. Piskarskas. "Tuning of picosecond synchronously pumped sodium vapour OPO." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cfb5.
Анотація:
The synchronous two-photon excitation of 3-D sodium level has been carried out using the output of KDP optical parametric oscillator (OPO), and second-harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with passive mode-locking and negative intra cavity feedback. Nd:YAG laser with three-stage amplifier system was delivering 60-80 pulses with a total energy of 60-80 mJ at 1 Hz repetition rate. Two light beams were used for excitation of the 3-D sodium level: the one, which was the signal wave of the KDP OPO (the wavelength λp1 = 962 nm, spectral width Δνp1 = 2,5-3,5 cm-1, energy of the train of 30-35 pulses Ep1 = 0,1-0,4 mJ, pulse duration τp1 = 12-18 ps, and the peak intensity of collimated beam Ip, = 0,04-0,16 GW/cm2), and the second-harmonic of the fundamental beam (λp2 = 532 nm, Δνp2 = 0,8-0,9 cm-1, Ep2 = 10-20 mJ, τp2 = 15-20 ps, and Ip2 = 2-4 GW/cm2). The second-harmonic train was used for KDP OPO as well as for sodium OPO pumping. The length of nonlinear medium in sodium vapour cell was 15 cm. When sodium vapour density was 1013-1017cm-3, the four-photon parametric luminescence in the 589-nm (signal wave) and 820-nm (idler wave) regions was observed. To achieve the positive feedback for four-photon parametric gain the ring cavity, formed mainly by Al-coated mirrors, was used.
5
McCracken, Steven L., Boian T. Alexandrov, John C. Lippold, Jeffrey W. Sowards, and Adam T. Hope. "Hot Cracking Study of High Chromium Nickel-Base Weld Filler Metal 52MSS (ERNiCrFe-13) for Nuclear Applications." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25787.
Анотація:
High chromium nickel-base weld filler metals 52 (ERNiCrFe-7) and 52M (ERNiCrFe-7A) have in recent years replaced filler metal 82 (ERNiCr-3) for new fabrication and for repair applications in commercial nuclear power plants. Filler metals 52 and 52M are selected because they have excellent resistance to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Unfortunately, filler metals 52 and 52M exhibit a higher susceptibility to ductility-dip cracking (DDC) compared to filler metal 82. Filler metal 52MSS (ERNiCrFe-13) is a new high chromium nickel-base alloy with Nb and Mo added to improve resistance to ductility-dip cracking. Increasing Nb has in previous research been shown to widen the solidification temperature range in nickel-base alloys. A wider solidification temperature range can potentially increase susceptibility to hot cracking. This study investigated the solidification behavior and hot cracking susceptibility of three heats of 52MSS and compared the results to a heat of filler metal 52M and a heat of filler metal 52i. The solidification behavior and hot cracking susceptibility were investigated by an optimized Transvarestraint test and by a next generation Cast Pin Tear Test (CPTT). The solidification temperature range and eutectic transformations were measured by a patented Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS-DTA) technique. This study showed that filler metal 52MSS was slightly more susceptible to hot cracking than 52M and 52i. This study also demonstrated that the next generation CPTT and SS-DTA technique are effective methods for evaluating the solidification behavior and hot cracking susceptibility of high chromium nickel-base weld filler metals.
6
Койкова, Ю. С., О. С. Елсукова, А. Ф. Гареева та А. Р. Шамсимухаметова. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИНИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТИНЫ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА ТИПА 2 КОМОРБИДНОГО С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ И АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ". У Сборник тезисов III Конференции по лечению и диагностике сахарного диабета «Фундаментальная и клиническая диабетология в 21 веке: от теории к практике». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/diaconfiii25-26.05.23-45.
Анотація:
ЦЕЛЬ: изучить особенности клинической картины сахарного диабета (СД) 2 типа, коморбидного с ожи-
рением и артериальной гипертерзией (АГ) у пациентов, поступающих в эндокринологическое отделение
КОГБУЗ ККБ №7 г Киров для коррекции сахароснижающей терапии.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: изучали демографические, антропометрические данные, результаты лабо-
раторных и инструментальных исследований, анализ коморбидности, медикаментозной терапии. Оценка
результатов представлена в виде Ме [Q25;Q75].
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: обследовано 65 пациентов с СД типа 2 и ожирением, из них мужчин 28 (43%), женщин
37 (57%). Возрастом от 41 до 69 лет, ИМТ – 33,9 [30;36,9] кг\м2. ОТ 107,5 [96;118] см без гендерных различий.
АД систолическое 131,9 [120;140] мм рт ст, АД диастолическое 83,8 [80;90] мм рт ст, длительность АГ со-
ставила 13,4 [10;15] лет. Длительность СД 2 типа – 8,0 [5;10] лет. Уровень НвА1с 8,5 [7;10,1]%, глюкоза нато-
щак – 7,9 [6,0;9,6] ммоль/л, глюкоза постпрандиальная 13,6 [10,9;15,8] ммоль/л. При анализе неэффективной
предшествующей сахароснижающей терапии выявлено, что инсулинотерапию получали 33 (51%) человек,
из них на базис-болюсной терапии – 6 (18%), базальный инсулин в комбинации с пероральными сахарос-
нижающими препаратами (ПССП) – 27 (82%), средняя суточная доза инсулина составила 44,7 [20;64] Ед,
доза метформина – 2000 мг, Гликлазида – 66,9 [45,1;88,6] мг, Глимепирида 3 [1,8;3,8] мг, Глибенкламида
3,75 [3,1;4,4] мг, Вилдаглиптина 67,9 [50;100] мг, Ситаглиптина 80 [50,100] мг, Алоглиптина 25 [25;25] мг,
Эмпаглифлозина 15,4 [10;21,8] мг, Дапаглифлозина 10 [10;10] мг, Лираглутида 1,3 [1,2;1,4] мг. При анализе ли-
пидного профиля: уровень ОХС – 5,2 [3,7;6,4] ммоль/л, ЛПНП – 3,2 [2,2;4,1] ммоль/л, ТГ – 3,1 [1,4;3,5] ммоль/л,
ЛПВП – 1,8 [1,2;1,9] ммоль/л. Статины на амбулаторном этапе получали 22 (34%) человек, из них средне-су-
точная доза аторвастатина – 23,2 [20;35] мг, розувастатина – 15,4 [10;20] мг. Среди микрососудистых ослож-
нений выявлены: ретинопатия у 14 (21,6%), непролиферативная у 12 (92,9%). Нефропатия у 22 (33,8%) паци-
ентов: из них ХБП 1 – 8 (36,4%), ХБП 2 – 9 (40,9%), ХБП 3А – 5 (22,7%). Полинейропатия выявлена у 52 (80%)
человек. Диабетическая макроангиопатия нижних конечностей выявлена у 28 (43,1%), цереброваскулярные
заболевания – (30,8%), острые нарушения мозгового кровообращения – 2 (3,1%), ишемическая болезнь
сердца – 13 (20%), острый инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе – 5 (7,7%), хроническая сердечная недостаточ-
ность – 43 (66,2%).
ВЫВОДЫ: у пациентов СД типа 2, ожирением и АГ, поступающих в стационар выявлена неэффек-
тивность стандартных схем сахароснижающей терапии. Выявлено клинически значимое поражение как
микро-, так и макрососудистого русла. Такой важный фактор, как диабетическая нефропатия выявлена
у 76% пациентов, что ограничивает применения ряда препаратов. Таким образом, такая группа пациен-
тов, требует более углубленного обследования, коррекции терапии и обязательного обучения в условиях
круглосуточного стационара в связи с неэффективностью амбулаторного этапа лечения.
7
Осокина, И. В. "ТИРЗЕПАТИД ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА 2 ТИПА". У X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-86.
Анотація:
Тирзепатид - это новый сахароснижающий препарат, являющийся одновременно агонистом рецепторов
глюкозозависимого инсулинотропного полипептида (ГИП) и глюкагоноподобного пептида-1 (ГПП-1). Этот
препарат, разработанный компанией «Eli Lilly» объединяет действие двух инкретинов ГИП и ГПП-1, пред-
ставляя новый класс препаратов для лечения сахарного диабета 2 типа. В исследованиях было показано,
что применение тирзепатида вместе с соблюдением диеты и поддержанием физической активности более
эффективно способствует нормализации уровня глюкозы в крови, чем другие лекарственные препараты.
Новое средство предназначено для подкожного введения один раз в неделю.
ЦЕЛЬ: оценить эффективность препарата Мунджаро (Тирзепатид) 5 мг у больных сахарным диабетом
2 типа.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: препарат Мунджаро (Тирзепатид) 5 мг назначен больному сахарным диабе-
том 2 типа. Давность диабета составляла 6 месяцев, пациент принимал метформин. Гликемия колебалась
в течение дня от 6 до 10 ммоль\л, НвА1с - 6,2%. ИМТ 32,3.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: после введения препарата Мунджаро (Тирзепатид) 5 мг показатели гликемии в течение
дня от 4,2 до 5,6 ммоль\л. НвА1с через 3 месяца равнялся 5,72%. На фоне лечения улучшилось самочувствие
больного, исчез повышенный аппетит, за 3 месяца снизился вес на 12,7% (с 94 кг до 82 кг), ИМТ уменьшился
с 32,3 до 28,4.
ВЫВОДЫ: применение Тирзепатида 5 мг 1 раз в неделю эффективно у пациентов с сахарным диабетом
2 типа.
8
Rudland, David, Frederick W. Brust, D. J. Shim, and G. Wilkowski. "PWSCC Crack Growth Mitigation With Inlay." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57954.
Анотація:
Primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) is an issue of concern in the dissimilar metal welds (DMW) connecting vessel nozzles and stainless steel piping in PWR nuclear power plants. PWSCC occurs due to the synergistic interaction of several factors including tensile weld residual stresses, a corrosion sensitive weld metal (usually Alloy 82/182 weld metal) and a corrosive environment. Several mechanical mitigation methods to control PWSCC have been developed in order to alter the weld residual stresses on the nozzle. These methods consist of applying a weld overlay repair (WOR), using a method called mechanical stress improvement process (MSIP), and applying an inlay to the nozzle ID, the latter of which is the subject of this paper. An inlay consists of machining the pipe ID at the region of the DMW and applying a PWSCC resistant weld material at the machined region. The PWSCC resistant material is mainly Alloy 52/152, which has a higher chromium content compared with Alloy 82/182. The inlay is a corrosion resistant material, and the proposed application thickness (after final machining) is 3 mm. Therefore, once the crack grows through the inlay, the growth in the underlying A82/182 material is much faster. This leads to a complicated crack shape which is small at the nozzle ID and becomes larger in the original weld material and approaches a balloon shape. Here the weld residual stress state caused by the inlay is first discussed. Next, the effect of crack growth through the inlay and into the underlying Alloy 82/182 material is discussed. Finally, implications of inlay for mitigation and consideration of alternatives is discussed.
9
McCracken, Steve. "Review of Thermo-Mechanical Testing and Micro-Characterization Studies of Ductility-Dip Cracking in Nickel-Base Alloy 52 Weld Filler Metal." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71483.
Анотація:
Nickel-base Alloy 690 wrought material and Alloy 52 (ERNiCrFe-7) weld filler metal have in recent years become the material of choice in new fabrication and repair of commercial nuclear power plant components. Alloys 690 and 52 are preferred due to improved resistance to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) as compared to other nickel-base alloys or filler metals, such as Alloy 600 and Alloy 82 (ERNiCr-3). Nickel-base alloys are commonly used in dissimilar metal joints between quenched and tempered low alloy steel and austenitic stainless steel components in nuclear power primary water systems. Nuclear power industry experience with Alloy 52 filler metal using manual or machine gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) in multi-pass welds and highly restrained thick section welds has been troublesome. Ultrasonic and radiographic examination of Alloy 52 welds has, in some cases, revealed multiple subsurface micro-cracks in the weld metal heat affected zone (HAZ). Recent laboratory thermo-mechanical testing using modified varestraint test methods and a newly developed Gleeble-based strain-to-fracture test method indicate nickel-base alloys are susceptible to a ductility-dip cracking (DDC) phenomenon during the on cooling cycle of welding. Thermo-mechanical testing also demonstrates that initiation of DDC is dependent on exceeding a specific strain threshold or strain rate in susceptible alloys. Microanalysis and micro-characterization studies indicate that DDC is a solid-state thermo-mechanical phenomenon that occurs most commonly along migrated grain boundaries of single-phase austenitic stainless steel and nickel-base alloys. Though not fully understood, DDC is believed to initiate in the temperature range where material ductility drops concurrent with high shrinkage strains during the on cooling weld cycle. This paper reviews the most current thermo-mechanical laboratory test results and micro-characterization studies of nickel-base alloys for susceptibility to DDC. Alloy 52 weld filler metal is discussed in detail due to its importance to the nuclear power industry. Finally, welding parameters and specific filler metal chemistry to reduce potential for DDC are presented and information for evaluation of specific heats of Alloy 52 for susceptibility to DDC are discussed.
10
Teixeira, Marcela Menezes, Martina Marcante, Laura Fogaça Pasa, Fabiana Roehrs, Rafaela Fernandes Pulice, Carolina da Mota Iglesias, and Manoel Ernani Garcia Junior. "Mortality profile of Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.323.
Анотація:
Background: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and degenerative condition. Recognizing its mortality profile can be useful in order to search for protective and risk factors. Objectives: Analyze the rates of deaths from Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. Design and setting: Descriptive documentary study with data collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by the Information System of the Unified Health System of Brazil. Methods: A statistical analysis of deaths due to ICD G20 from the SIM database was performed. Results: In the analyzed period 340,291 deaths due to diseases affecting the CNS were recorded, with Parkinson’s disease being the second largest cause, behind Alzheimer’s disease. In the evaluated period, 34,208 deaths due to Parkinson’s disease were registered in Brazil. There was a steady increase in these values over time, with 2019 being the year with the highest number of deaths (n = 4,575). Most deaths occurred in white individuals (74.3%) and males (54.8%). Regarding the age group, those aged 80 or over had higher mortality (57.8%), followed by those aged 70 to 79 (30.9%) and 60 to 69 (8.9%). The level of education was mainly from 1 to 3 years (26.3%), with less than 7 years of schooling, together, accounting for 57.2% of deaths, not counting those ignored. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of deaths among men, especially above 80 years of age, may be related to menopause and its protective factor among women. Lower levels of education also contributed to higher mortality, which correlates with studies that demonstrate that higher levels of education may delay the clinical onset of the disease. In view of this, mapping the profiles and analyzing the protective and risk factors can contribute to the awareness of the population and the consequent reduction of their morbidity.
Звіти організацій з теми "572.829 3":
1
Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
Анотація:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.