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Статті в журналах з теми "551.907 2":
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Barrow, C. J. "Silenced rivers: the ecology and politics of large dams, P. McCully. Zed Books, London, 2001. ISBN 1 85469 902 2 (paperback) £15.95; 1 85649 901 4 (hardback) £45.00,xxii+359pp." Land Degradation & Development 13, no. 5 (September 2002): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.515.
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Davar, Diwakar, Melissa Saul, Ahmad A. Tarhini, An Tran, Kerry Trent, Cindy Sander, John M. Kirkwood, and Hussein Abdul-Hassan Tawbi. "High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) in the treatment of advanced melanoma: The University of Pittsburgh experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9075.
Анотація:
9075 Background: IL-2 is a T-cell growth factor tested in a variety of regimens for advanced melanoma (MEL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). High-dose IL-2 (600,000-720,000 IU/kg administered intravenously every 8 hours for up to 14 consecutive doses) was approved by FDA for advanced MEL and RCC in 1998 based upon the durability of responses observed. Early studies of HD IL-2 reported overall (OR) and complete response (CR) rates of 16% and 8% respectively. Severe toxicity limited use to specialized centers with standardized protocols, either intensive care (ICU) or oncology specialty settings. The U Pittsburgh has treated 1022 patients with IL-2 at any dosage and we here present outcomes of 550 MEL pts treated with HD IL-2 in an oncology specialty non-ICU setting. Methods: Clinical and radiological data were collected on all pts treated with IL-2 using the UPCI Cancer Registry and Medical Archival System (MARS). Pharmacy records were reviewed for dosing details. The influence of baseline characteristics on treatment outcomes was assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: A total of 848 pts received HD IL-2, of which 298 pts had RCC while 550 had MEL. Detailed pharmacy dosing records were reviewed from 176 pts treated over the past 12 years (2000-2012) who received a total of 3738 cycles. Of 165 pts evaluable for response, OR was documented in 24 pts (14.8%) and CR in 5 pts (3.0%). Median overall survival (OS) was 10.0 mos for all patients and 21.5 mos for responders (CR+PR). Median number of doses per cycle was 7. Toxicity was consistent with prior reports. HD IL-2 required ICU transfers in 5% and 1 death was attributed to HD IL-2. Pts with higher baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had poorer OS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this large and uniformly treated series of recent patients treated with IL-2 OR/CR rates with HD IL-2 are 14.8% and 3.0% respectively. Higher LDH is associated with poorer outcome. Biomarkers of response are currently being evaluated in banked clinical specimens collected from patients under the SPORE in Skin Cancer (P50 CA121973).
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Grossner, Ulrike, Marco Servidori, Marc Avice, Ola Nilsen, Helmer Fjellvåg, Roberta Nipoti, and Bengt Gunnar Svensson. "X-Ray and AFM Analysis of Al2O3 Deposited by ALCVD on n-Type 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.683.
Анотація:
Al2O3 grown by Atomic Layer Chemical Vapour Deposition (ALCVD) on n-type 4H-SiC with a nominal thickness of 100nm has been characterized by Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Specular X-Ray Reflectivity (SXR) measurements. After post-deposition, the samples were annealed at different temperatures and durations in argon atmosphere. The GIXD results reveal crystallization at temperatures above 900°C, most likely in the form of θ-Al2O3 or γ-Al2O3. However, the formation of a new, non-stoichiometric Al2O3 phase cannot be excluded. The crystalline domain size, evaluated from the peak FWHMs after subtraction of the instrumental broadening, is found to be almost equal (18±1nm), independent of T in the range 900°C≤T≤1100°C and time in the range 1h≤t≤3h. From SXR, mass density profiles are derived. Whereas the as grown film exhibits the lowest mass density, at 800°C a low-density interface layer forms. At the same time, it appears that the initial crystallization starts at the surface. At 900°C, the density increases sharply (this process involves film crystallization) and the film thickness correspondingly reduces. Whereas the density increase and thickness reduction still continue for T>900°C (tendency to the density α-Al2O3), the density of the interfacial layer has a minimum at 900°C and gradually increases for higher temperatures. From Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigations it could be revealed that the starting of the crystallization at 900°C is accompanied with a substantial surface roughening. For annealing at higher temperatures, the surface roughness is in the range of the one of the as-grown sample (about 6Å).
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Imayev, V. M., Renat M. Imayev, Timur G. Khismatullin та Gennady A. Salishchev. "Superplastic Properties of γ+α2 Titanium Aluminide Alloy Ti-43Al-(Nb,Mo,B) in Cast + Post-Solidification Heat Treated Condition". Materials Science Forum 551-552 (липень 2007): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.447.
Анотація:
A novel approach to fabrication of globularized fine-grained structure in γ+α2 titanium aluminide alloys has been proposed. The approach included the use of a specially designed alloy Ti-43Al-X(Nb,Mo,B) and heat treatment. It was found that the ingot structure of the alloy might be partially globularized on a scale of bulk material using only globularization anneal excluding any hot working procedure. The microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the alloy in the cast + heat treated condition were investigated. The tensile mechanical tests were performed in air in the temperature range of T=900-1130°C at an initial strain rate of ε′=1.7×10-4 s-1. High elongation (δ=160-230%) and low flow stresses (σ=36-100 MPa) typical of superplastic behavior were measured at T=1050-1130°C. It was demonstrated that the sheet material produced by spark cutting of the cast + heat treated alloy might be successfully hot formed.
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Bataleva, Yuliya V., Aleksei N. Kruk, Ivan D. Novoselov, Olga V. Furman, and Yuri N. Palyanov. "Decarbonation Reactions Involving Ankerite and Dolomite under upper Mantle P,T-Parameters: Experimental Modeling." Minerals 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080715.
Анотація:
An experimental study aimed at the modeling of dolomite- and ankerite-involving decarbonation reactions, resulting in the CO2 fluid release and crystallization of Ca, Mg, Fe garnets, was carried out at a wide range of pressures and temperatures of the upper mantle. Experiments were performed using a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split-sphere” type, in CaMg(CO3)2-Al2O3-SiO2 and Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2-Al2O3-SiO2 systems (pressures of 3.0, 6.3 and 7.5 GPa, temperature range of 950–1550 °C, hematite buffered high-pressure cell). It was experimentally shown that decarbonation in the dolomite-bearing system occurred at 1100 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1320 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1450 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). As demonstrated by mass spectrometry, the fluid composition was pure CO2. Composition of synthesized garnet was Prp83Grs17, with main Raman spectroscopic modes at 368–369, 559–562, and 912–920 cm−1. Decarbonation reactions in the ankerite-bearing system were realized at 1000 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1250 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1400 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). As a result, the garnet of Grs25Alm40Prp35 composition with main Raman peaks at 349–350, 552, and 906–907 cm−1 was crystallized. It has been experimentally shown that, in the Earth’s mantle, dolomite and ankerite enter decarbonation reactions to form Ca, Mg, Fe garnet + CO2 assemblage at temperatures ~175–500 °C lower than CaCO3 does at constant pressures.
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FARIBORZ, AMIR H. "ISOSINGLET SCALAR MESONS BELOW 2 GeV AND THE SCALAR GLUEBALL MASS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 13 (May 20, 2004): 2095–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04018695.
Анотація:
A collective treatment of the I=0 scalar mesons below 2 GeV [σ(550), f0(980), f0(1370), f0(1500) and f0(1710)] in a nonlinear chiral Lagrangian framework that is constrained by the mass and the partial decay widths of the I=1/2,1 scalars [κ(900), [Formula: see text], a0(980) and a0(1450)] is presented. The sub-structure of these states in terms of two and four quark components, as well as a glueball component is explored, and its correlation with the mass of f0(1370) is studied. Consistency with the available experimental data suggests that the σ(550) is dominantly a nonstrange four-quark state, whereas the sub-structure of other I=0 states are sensitive to the input mass of f0(1370). This investigation estimates the scalar glueball mass in the range 1.47–1.64 GeV.
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Никитин, С. Е., А. В. Нащекин, Е. Е. Терукова, И. Н. Трапезникова, А. В. Бобыль та В. Н. Вербицкий. "Текстура поверхности монокристаллического кремния, окисленного под тонким слоем V-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-". Физика и техника полупроводников 51, № 1 (2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2017.01.44004.8292.
Анотація:
Исследован процесс текстурирования поверхности монокристаллического кремния, окисленного под слоем V2O5. Интенсивное окисление кремния на границе Si-V2O5 начинается при температуре 903 K, что на 200 K ниже, чем при термическом окислении кремния в атмосфере кислорода. На границе V2O5-Si образуется слой диоксида кремния толщиной от 30-50 нм с включениями SiO2 в кремний глубиной до 400 нм. Найдено значение коэффициента диффузии атомарного кислорода при 903 K через слой диоксида кремния (D≥2·10-15 см2·с-1). Предложена модель низкотемпературного окисления кремния, основанная на диффузии атомарного кислорода из V2O5 через слой SiO2 к кремнию и возникновении преципитатов SiOx в кремнии. После удаления слоев V2O5 и диоксида кремния на поверхности кремния образуется текстура, интенсивно рассеивающая свет в области длин волн 300-550 нм, что важно для текстурирования фронтальной и тыльной поверхностей солнечных фотопреобразователей. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.01.8292
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Smotherman, Jesse, Audrey L. Cecil, Kathryn Glayat, Beth Arredondo, Emily Brickell, and Anneliese Boettcher. "A-311 WMS-IV Visual Reproduction Recognition as a Performance Validity Test (PVT) in Clinical and Forensic Settings." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no. 6 (August 17, 2022): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.311.
Анотація:
Abstract Objective: This study examined WMS-IV Visual Reproduction Recognition (VRRec) as an embedded PVT in clinical and forensic samples. Methods: VRRec was analyzed as a PVT in a forensic sample and in a hospital-based, outpatient clinical sample. Neither sample included any major neurocognitive disorders and well-established PVTs determined valid and invalid categories. T-tests (parametric and nonparametric) and ROCs were used to assess how accurately VRRec classified valid and invalid group-membership. Results: Forensic and clinical (n=265, 84) samples differed in context (incentivized, non-incentivized), age (m=49.1, 60.6), race (Caucasian=17%, 89%), and gender (males=100%, 29%), respectively. VRRec scores were significantly different between valid and invalid groups in both the forensic sample (U=2404.0, p<.0001, d=-1.26; n=196, 69; m=5.57, 3.33; sd=1.29, 1.91) and the clinical sample (t=-2.39, p=.019, d=-.93; n=76, 8; m=4.99, 3.50; sd=1.68, 1.51). A cutoff score of < 3 yielded the following: Forensic: AUC=.822, sensitivity=.551, specificity=.944, 95%CI=.76-.88, p<.0001; and Clinical: AUC=.752, sensitivity=.500, specificity=.816, 95%CI=.61-.89, p=.019. For the clinical sample, < 2 improved specificity (.908) but decreased sensitivity (.250). When using a 15% estimated invalidity base rate in the clinical sample for < 3 and < 2 cutoffs, positive predictive power equaled .324 and .324 and negative predictive power equaled .902 and .873, respectively. Conclusion: VRRec adequately differentiated validity groups in a forensic sample but was less valuable in a clinical sample. Its use as a PVT should only be considered within a larger group of multiple PVTs. Primary limitations included differences in demographics and specific criterion-PVTs used between samples. Future studies should assess VRRec as a PVT in similar populations.
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FARIBORZ, A. H. "PROBING THE QUARK AND GLUEBALL ADMIXTURES OF THE SCALAR MESONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 31 (December 20, 2004): 5417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04022657.
Анотація:
A nonlinear chiral Lagrangian framework for scalar mesons below 2 GeV [the I =l/2 states: κ(900) and [Formula: see text]; the I=1 states: a0(980) and a0(1450); and the I=0 states: α(550), f0(980), f0(1370), f0(1500) and f0(1710)] is presented. This framework is formulated in terms of two meson nonets with a mixing mechanism dictated by SU (3) symmetry and its breakdown.
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Reichert, Jennifer, and Jeffrey Patton. "Age Distribution, Side Effects and Co-Occurring Diagnoses, and Duration of Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients Receiving Bortezomib or Lenalidomide in Community Oncology Clinics." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5738.5738.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction: The introduction of novel therapies has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma in the last 20 years. Outcomes vary significantly by age with younger patients experiencing longer survival than older patients. The majority of cancer patients in the United States receive treatment in community oncology practices, as opposed to university hospital settings. RainTree Analytics maintains a unique database of electronic medical record (EMR) data from RainTree Oncology member community oncology practices. We sought to understand the treatment patterns and patient demographics of multiple myeloma patients in community oncology practices. Methods: A search of the RainTree Analytics database was conducted for patients with an ICD-9 code of 203.0-203.02 (multiple myeloma). 2771 patients who received treatment for multiple myeloma between January 2, 2012 and July 9, 2014 were identified. Of these 2022 had received either bortezomib or lenalidomide, or both. We compared the characteristics of patients who had received prescriptions for bortezomib but not lenalidomide (N = 551) or lenalidomide but not bortezomib (N = 699), the two most frequently prescribed multiple myeloma therapies, excluding melphalan and dexamethasone. Results: Most patients who received either bortezomib or lenalidomide, but not both, were over 60. The age distribution of these two populations is provided in Table 1. Table 1. Age Distribution of Bortezomib and Lenalidomide Patients AGE Bortezomib Patient Count (%) Lenalidomide Patient Count (%) 21-30 1 (0.18) 1 (0.14) 31-40 4 (0.73) 2 (0.29) 41-50 17 (3.09) 38 (5.44) 51-60 65 (11.80) 107 (15.31) 61-70 147 (26.68) 220 (31.47) 70+ 317 (57.53) 331 (47.35) Total 551 699 Side effects and co-occurring diagnoses listed as ICD-9 codes in the EMR were analysed. The most frequently co-occurring diagnoses reported in the EMR in bortezomib and lenalidomide patients were anemias, nausea and vomiting, and diseases of white blood cells (Figure 1). Anemias were reported at approximately the same frequency in bortezomib and lenalidomide patients, 9.07% and 8.73%, respectively. Nausea and vomiting (ICD-9 codes 787.01-787.2) were reported more frequently in bortezomib patients than in lenalidomide patients, 9.26% and 3.29%, respectively, but diseases of white blood cells (1.63% (bortezomib) and 5.29% (lenalidomide)) and sepsis or complications due to vascular devices (0.54% (bortezomib) and 4.58% (lenalidomide)) were reported more frequently in lenalidomide patients. Figure 1. Side Effects and Co-occurring Diagnoses in Patients Taking Bortezomib and Lenalidomide Figure 1. Side Effects and Co-occurring Diagnoses in Patients Taking Bortezomib and Lenalidomide Bortezomib and lenalidomide duration of therapy were analysed for patients who had received at least one refill for the therapy. The mean duration of therapy for bortezomib and lenalidomide was 203 and 250 days, respectively (Table 2). The mean number of prescriptions written for bortezomib was greater than the mean number of prescriptions written for lenalidomide, as would be expected for the methods of delivery of the two therapies. Table 2. Duration of Bortezomib or Lenalidomide Therapy Bortezomib Lenalidomide Mean Number of Prescriptions Written 20 9 Duration of Therapy Mean 203 250 Median 142 163 Minimum 33 30 Maximum 903 908 Standard Deviation 178 224 Conclusions: The age distributions and duration of therapy for bortezomib and lenalidomide were similar for the two therapies, however, there were significant differences in co-occurring diagnoses reported by ICD-9 in the EMR. Further study is warranted to investigate which of these co-occurring diagnoses are associated with pre-existing patient characteristics and which may be the results of differences in therapies. Disclosures Reichert: RainTree Oncology Services: Employment. Patton:Pfizer: Consultancy; Johnsone & Johnson: Consultancy; Tasaro: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Lilly: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; RainTree Oncology Services: Employment; Astellas: Consultancy.
Дисертації з теми "551.907 2":
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Andersson, Ann-Catrin. "Studies on Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) with Special Focus on ERV3." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5342-2/.
Книги з теми "551.907 2":
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Kerstens, Jan. Afstudeerdifferentiatie 515 Chronisch zieken 2. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9694-8.
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McGilloway, D. A., ed. Grassland: a global resource. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-551-2.
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Blockmans, Steven, ed. The European Union and Crisis Management. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-561-2.
Частини книг з теми "551.907 2":
1
da Costa, Luis M., Hugulay Albuquerque Maia, and Armando J. Almeida. "The Fishes of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 431–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_17.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter reviews the current knowledge of the marine (including deep-sea species) and freshwater fishes of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands. Some biogeographic and conservation considerations are also presented. A total of 1045 species are likely present in the region, including 107 Elasmobranchii (37 confirmed, 65 potential, and 5 erroneous), one confirmed Holocephali, and 937 Actinopteri species (515 confirmed, 385 potential, 32 erroneous, and 5 questionable). Most of the coastal species are shared with the surrounding African continental shelf, while several species are amphi-Atlantic (present in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean), and some species have sister-species in the western Atlantic. A total of 15 species are endemic to the region, and 2 are introduced. Further studies are still needed to better understand the ichthyofauna of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands and help policymakers better define conservation and protection plans.
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Gomes da Silva, Paula, Anne-Laure Beck, Jara Martinez Sanchez, Raúl Medina Santanmaria, Martin Jones, and Amine Taji. "Advances on coastal erosion assessment from satellite earth observations: exploring the use of Sentinel products along with very high resolution sensors." In Proceedings e report, 412–21. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.41.
Анотація:
This work proposes the use of automatic co-registered satellite images to obtain large, high frequency and highly accurate shorelines time series. High resolution images are used to co-register Landsat and Sentinel-2 images. 90% of the co-registered images presented vertical and horizontal shift lower than 3 m. Satellite derived shorelines presented errors lower than mission’s precision. A discussion is presented on the applicability of those shorelines through an application to Tordera Delta (Spain).
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Akachukwu, Doris, Michael Adedapo Gbadegesin, Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, and Christopher John Atkinson. "Biochar for Climate Change Adaptation: Effect on Heavy Metal Composition of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1401–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_202.
Анотація:
AbstractGas flaring is a key contributor of greenhouse gases that causes global warming and climate change. Adaptation measures for tackling impacts of climate change have gained much research interest. This chapter assessed vegetable farmers’ perception of gas flaring and the effect of biochar remediation on the heavy metal composition of cultivated Telfairia occidentalis. A gas-flared area, Ohaji/Egbema L.G.A of Imo State, and a non-gas-flared area, Umudike, Ikwuano L.G.A, were selected for this research. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 120 respondents. Soils were collected from the study sites and transported to the greenhouse. Five different rates, 0 t ha−1, 7.1 t ha−1, 13.9 t ha−1, 20.9 t ha−1, and 28.0 t ha−1, of palm bunch biochar were applied to the soils in plastic buckets. After 2 weeks of mineralization, two viable seeds of Telfairia occidentalis were planted in each bucket and watered every other day for 8 weeks. The result revealed that 63% of vegetable farmers where female, while 37% were male in the gas-flared area. A total of 97% of the farmers had knowledge of gas flaring. A total decrease of 55% percent income, 90% yield, and 67% market quality of vegetable farmers was attributed to gas-flared activities. The plant height of cultivated vegetables increased every 2 weeks with greater increase in the test plant. Heavy metal concentration (Pb, and Cr) decreased with increasing biochar rate and was significantly lower for 28.0 t ha−1. Biochar can enhance soil fertility and help immobilize heavy metals. The effect of biochar application on the heavy metal composition is dependent on the rate of application. Biochar use could be a cheap adaptation measure in the face of a changing climate.
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Stévart, Tariq, Gilles Dauby, Davy U. Ikabanga, Olivier Lachenaud, Patricia Barberá, Faustino de Oliveira, Laura Benitez, and Maria do Céu Madureira. "Diversity of the Vascular Plants of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 249–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_10.
Анотація:
AbstractDespite a long history of botanical collecting in the three oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea, no recent studies have documented floristic patterns. This chapter summarizes information on the vascular plants of the islands, including inventories conducted on Príncipe and São Tomé since 2017, as well as two recent expeditions to Annobón. An updated database of the vascular flora was compiled, which includes 14,376 records representing 1285 species and infraspecific taxa (1028 native). Príncipe has 445 species and infraspecific taxa (394 native), São Tomé has 1044 (842 native), and Annobón has 344 (274 native). Recent inventory work has generated collections of more than 90% of the endemic woody species. Several very rare taxa were rediscovered, including Balthasaria mannii (Oliv.) Verdc., 1969 (Pentaphylacaceae) and Psychotria exellii R. Alves, Figueiredo and A.P. Davis, 2005 (Rubiaceae), neither of which had been seen for more than 50 years. At least 17 species new to science were also discovered on Príncipe and São Tomé. Of the 1028 indigenous taxa, 164 (16%) are currently considered endemic to the islands. Of the 285 species evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria, 2 (0.7%) were Data Deficient, 226 (79.3%) Least Concern or Near Threatened, 55 (19.3%) threatened (including 3 Critically Endangered, 21 Endangered, and 31 Vulnerable), and 2 (0.7%) Extinct. On São Tomé and Príncipe, 325 plant species are used in traditional medicine, 37 of which are endemic. These results should be used to identify new priority sites for conservation, including on Annobón, where priority sites are less well defined.
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Eliava, Shalva, Vadim Gorozhanin, Oleg Shekhtman, Yuri Pilipenko, and Olga Kuchina. "Surgical Treatment of Unruptured Brain AVMs: Short- and Long-Term Results." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 87–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_13.
Анотація:
AbstractUnruptured brain AVMs (bAVMs) remain a controversial subject for practicing neurosurgeons, especially in the light of ARUBA and other observational studies. This retrospective study aims to analyze our experience with unruptured bAVMs to see whether it is beneficial in the long-term and how it corresponds to large literature trials. The study comprised 160 adult patients with unruptured bAVMs surgically treated in Burdenko NMC (Moscow) in 2009–2017. Mean age: 33.4 ± 10лет. Clinical presentations were: seizures in 99 (61.9%), chronical headaches—49 (30.6%), ischemic symptoms—4 (2.5%), asymptomatic in 8 (5%) patients. Spetzler-Martin scale: I—18 pt. (11.3%), II—71 pt. (44.4%), III—60 pt. (37.5%), IV—11 pt. (6.8%). Good outcomes (mRS = 0–2) at discharge were achieved in 149 (93.1%), satisfactory (mRS—3)—9 (5.6%). Follow-up was complete for 97 (60.6%) patients, mean—59.3 (13–108 month). Excellent outcomes (mRS = 0–1) reached in 94.8%. For epilepsy patients, Engel I outcome was found in 50 (84.8%); for chronic headaches, 43 (66.1%) patients reported improvement. Postoperative visual field defects were followed in 22 of 55 (40%), complete recovery was reported in 6 (27%) and partial recovery in 8 (36%) patients. Overall, our results support the conclusion that surgery for low-grade bAVMs (S-M I–II) is a beneficial, low-risk option.
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Tschiggfrei, Karin, Alexander Schächtele, Alwyn R. Fernandes, Jerzy Falandysz, Majorie van Duursen, Martin van den Berg, and Rainer Malisch. "WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk, 383–414. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_11.
Анотація:
AbstractThe concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) were determined in 40 pooled human milk samples from 39 countries covering all five of the United Nations regional groups. The samples were collected in the 2016–2019 exposure studies on persistent organic pollutants coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).The median concentration of the sum of 26 PCN was 55 pg/g lipid (range 27 pg/g to 170 pg/g). Human milk from European countries showed considerably higher levels than those found in milk from countries in the African, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America/Caribbean regions. The most abundant congeners were the congener pairs PCN 52/60 and PCN 66/67 (inseparable by conventional chromatography) and to a lesser extent PCN 28/36, PCN 42, PCN 46, PCN 48, PCN 59, and PCN 69.Among other adverse biological effects, a critical response of many PCN congeners is dioxin-like toxicity. So, in addition to reporting concentrations of individual congeners, the toxic equivalents (TEQ) were also calculated in these samples, using two sets of relative effect potency (REP) values: a set that has been used in a number of human exposure studies and another set reported by Falandysz et al. (J Environ Sci Health, Part C: Environ Carcinogenesis Ecotoxicol Rev 32(3):239–272, 2014). The median PCN-TEQ concentration in human milk was 0.07 pg PCN-TEQ/g lipid (range 0.03 pg/g to 0.23 pg/g), when calculated using the human biomonitoring study REPs, and 0.03 pg PCN-TEQ/g lipid (range 0.01 pg/g to 0.10 pg/g), when calculated with other suggested REPs. The vast majority, about 90%, of this TEQ can be attributed to the PCN 66/67 congener pair. Individual REPs for PCN 66 and 67 from in vivo studies are quite different, but a chromatographic separation of these two congeners is not possible under routine GC conditions. Different approaches to estimate the uncertainties showed that the value of the REPs used is more important than the analytical problem to separate PCN 66 and PCN 67. PCN-TEQ based on the two sets of REPs differ approximately by a factor of 2.2, whereas the congener-specific determination was estimated to result in approximately 30% lower concentrations in comparison with the standard method.The assessment of PCN 66 and PCN 67 in order to obtain confirmed TEF would be most important for calculations of the dioxin-like toxicity of PCN, followed by PCN 69. Minor contributions to PCN-TEQ concentrations in human milk come from PCN 52/60, PCN 64/68, PCN 70, and PCN 73.On average, the contribution of PCN-TEQ to the cumulative TEQ (including the overall sum of toxic equivalents of PCDD, PCDF, and dioxin-like PCB [WHO2005-TEQ]) is between 1% and 2%, with a wider range of up to 5% for the 39 countries of this study. This is about an order of magnitude lower than the contribution of dioxin-like PCB to the cumulative TEQ (median 26%). In line with the observed higher total PCN concentrations, European countries also showed considerably higher levels of PCN-TEQ than found in the other regions. PCN-TEQ calculated with REPs used in human biomonitoring studies add on average about 2% to the cumulative TEQ of dioxin-like contaminants in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, and Latin American and Caribbean countries and about 4% in European countries. The corresponding contribution of PCN-TEQ calculated using the other set would be 1% in non-European countries and 2% in European countries.
7
Maganuco, Anna. "Riuso ed evoluzione della τις-Rede in Euripide." In METra 2 Epica e tragedia greca: una mappatura. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-738-8/009.
Анотація:
This essay analyses how Euripides reused the epic pattern of the so-called τις-Rede or tis-speech, used by Homer sometimes to make a character speculate about what someone might say, other times to give a single and anonymous example of a crowd’s opinion. Euripides uses both the traditional epic models in his tragedies: potential τις-Reden (Alc. 954-61, 995-1005; Her. 26-30, 515-9; Pho. 578-83; fr. 708 K.) and actual τις-Reden (Andr. 1104-6; Hel. 1589-91; HF 950-2). The quoted passages are all studied, together with some other passages mentioned for comparison purposes (Ba. 204-5; Hec. 313-6; HF 1286-90; IT 1358-61; Or. 1416-24; Suppl. 314-6, 343-6).
8
Худэрийн, Бурэнжаргал. "ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ МОНГОЛОВ ПОСЛЕ 90-Х ГОДОВ". У ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ МОНГОЛОВ ПОСЛЕ 90-Х ГОДОВ. ICSP "NEW SCIENCE", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46916/25032022-2-978-5-00174-515-0.
9
Ahluwalia, Gurvinder. "Development of the Scale of Spirituality for Workplaces." In Handbook of Research on Integrating Spirituality in Modern Workplaces, 129–69. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2533-6.ch008.
Анотація:
Spirituality is not a new area of research. The unavailability of standardized assessment measures of spirituality is the basis of the present investigation. Phase 1 of the present study developed themes through ‘self-report measurement' administered to 15 participants (G1) of different spiritual organizations and studying the glimpses of Indian spirituality. Results revealed 90 themes, which were used as variables for the development of the scale. Phase 2 involved the development of measures of spirituality for an adult sample. The author selected N=300 (G2) MCQ for Part-1 and Likert format for Part-2 of the scale. Beginning with an over-inclusive 100 items (40+60) WSIS in the study, a series of exploratory analyses led to a reduced set of 51 items (17+34). With another 1200 participants (G3), a priori criterion PCA yielded a 14-factor structure: 6 factors WSIS (Part 1) and 8 factors WSIS (Part 2). The author proposed the Workplace Spiritual Intelligence Scale (WSIS), which was standardized and showed satisfactory validity and reliability.
10
Rédua, Renato Barcellos, Paulo César Barbosa Rédua, and Adriana de Oliveira Lira. "OCORRÊNCIA DE BRUXISMO EM CRIANÇAS ACOMPANHADAS POR 12 ANOS NASCIDAS NAS DÉCADAS DE 80, 90 E 2000." In Saúde da mulher, criança e adolescente, 23–31. Bookerfield Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf21060102.
Анотація:
Entre as parafunções orais, o bruxismo aparece como o mais frequente, juntamente com o hábito de sucção de chupeta, em crianças brasileiras. Esta é uma condição clínica indesejável que pode resultar em danos às estruturas dentárias. Segundo a literatura sua prevalência gira em torno de 7 a 20% nas crianças, assim o odontopediatra deve estar atento a diagnosticar e proporcionar uma abordagem eficiente para o controle do bruxismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência do bruxismo em crianças acompanhadas desde o primeiro ano de vida até os 12 anos, nas décadas de 80, 90 e 2000; e verificar a idade de maior incidência desta alteração. Metodologia: Um estudo coorte composto por 600 prontuários de crianças que foram acompanhadas da idade de 12 a 23 meses até completar 12 anos de idade, em um consultório particular, sendo 200 crianças na década de 80 (Grupo 1), 200 de 90 (Grupo 2) e 200 na década de 2000 (Grupo 3). Resultados: Das 600 crianças avaliadas, 100 (16,6%) foram diagnosticadas com bruxismo, sendo 26 dessas acompanhadas na década de 80 (13%), 33 na década de 90 (16,5%) e 41 na década de 2000 (20,5%). 30 crianças (30%) delas receberam o diagnóstico do 1º. ao 4º. ano de vida, 55 (55%) do 5º ao 8º ano e 15 (15%) do 9º ao 12º ano. Conclusões: Verificou-se aumento do diagnóstico de bruxismo em crianças ao longo das décadas, e a incidência desta alteração foi maior em crianças de 5 a 8 anos de idade.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "551.907 2":
1
Лагутин, А. А., Е. Ю. Мордвин та Н. В. Волков. "ОЦЕНКИ ВАЛОВОЙ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ ДЛЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЮГА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ В 2014-2021 ГГ. ПО ДАННЫМ ОРБИТАЛЬНЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ ОБСЕРВАТОРИЙ OCO-2 И OCO-3". У XXVIII Международный симпозиум «Оптика атмосферы и океана. Физика атмосферы». Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56820/oaopa.2022.39.85.001.
Анотація:
В докладе представлены количественные оценки валовой первичной продукции для региона юга Западной Сибири (50º-55º с.ш., 75º-90º в.д.), полученные с использованием продукта «флуоресценция хлорофилла, индуцированная солнечным светом», орбитальных карбоновых обсерваторий OCO-2 и OCO-3. Анализ данных OCO-2 проводился для периода 2014-2021 гг., результаты OCO-3 добавлены в обработку с 2019 года. Установлено, что сток CO2 из атмосферы, обусловленный наземной растительностью, достигает максимума в летние месяцы и составляет 10-12 Гс/м2 день.
2
Tsisar, Valentyn, Carsten Schroer, Olaf Wedemeyer, Aleksandr Skrypnik, and Jürgen Konys. "Corrosion of 9% Cr Ferritic/Martensitic Steels in Flowing Pb-Bi Eutectic With 10−7 Mass% Dissolved Oxygen at 450 and 550 °C." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60826.
Анотація:
Corrosion behavior of 9 %Cr ferritic/martensitic (F/M) P92, E911 and EUROFER steels was investigated in flowing (2 m/s) Pb-Bi with 10−7 mass%O at 450 and 550 °C for up to 8766 and 2011 h, respectively. The steels show mixed corrosion modes simultaneously revealing protective scaling, accelerated oxidation and solution-based attack. At 450 °C, the accelerated oxidation resulted in a metal recession averaging 6 μm (± 2 μm) after ∼8766 h while local solution-based corrosion attack ranged from ∼40 to 350 μm. At 550 °C, the accelerated oxidation resulted in a metal recession of about 10 μm (± 2 μm) after ∼2011 h. Solution-based corrosion attack appears more regularly at 550 °C, with a maximum depth ranged from ∼90 to 1000 μm. Incubation time for solution based attack is 500–2000 h for 450 °C and < 300 h for 550 °C. The EUROFER steel showed more severe metal recession via both oxidation and solution-based corrosion in comparison with P92 and E911 steels. The possible effect of alloying and structure on the corrosion response of 9 %Cr F/M steels is discussed.
3
Anenkhonov, O. A., D. V. Sandanov, A. A. Zverev, A. Yu Korolyuk, B. B. Naidanov, and D. G. Chimitov. "The spatial-and-temporal differentiation of the soil temperature and its influence on vegetation in the exposure-related forest-steppe of Transbaikalia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-2.
Анотація:
The long-term soil temperature monitoring in the area of more than 550 km in length within the region of Transbaikalia has been carried out. Sites for the monitoring were represented by the forest-steppe vegetation of different ecotopological and ecogeographical patterns. It was revealed that the dynamics of temperature regimens are highly synchronized reflecting the macroclimatic unity of the region. The sufficiently higher heat supply on the southerly exposed slopes comparing to northerly exposed ones was demonstrated. The distinctness between soil temperature regimens in different sites was revealed and attributed to the size of forested patches within the forest-steppe landscape, as well as discrepancies between eco-geographical features of sites along the sublatitudinal gradient. Differences between the vegetation types that occurred on the northern and southern slopes as well as between key sites scattered throughout the region were underlined. These differences are suggested to be connected with the spatial differentiation of the soil temperature. It was established that vegetation on the southern slopes is relatively more homogeneous being related to the single class Cleistogenetea squarrosae, while on the northern slopes plant communities related to three classes were developed, namely steppe class Cleistogenetea squarrosae, and two forest classes – Rhytidio-Laricetea and Vaccinio-Piceetea.
4
Prasad, B. Durga, Sankara N. Sankaran, Karl E. Wiedemann, and David E. Glass. "Platinum Substitutes and Two-Phase-Glass Overlayers as Low Cost Alternatives to Platinum Aluminide Coatings." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-521.
Анотація:
The feasibility of processing less-expensive alternative coatings to platinum aluminide was examined. Three approaches were followed: 1) enhancement of nickel-aluminide coatings by application of sol-gel derived two-phase-glass (TPG) overlayers, 2) evaluation of TPG coatings on bare IN 738LC, and 3) substitution of Pt with a less expensive platinum group metal (palladium). Accordingly, IN 738LC coupons were tested with several coatings including TPG, aluminide coatings (platinum aluminide, palladium aluminide, and conventional nickel aluminide), and TPG overlayers on the aluminide coatings. Isothermal-oxidation, cyclic-oxidation, and hot-corrosion tests were conducted at 900°C for 500 hours to evaluate the coatings. The results showed that the TPG by itself provided superior protection compared to the platinum-aluminide coatings under both oxidation and hot-corrosion conditions. The TPG coating also showed promise as an overcoat on aluminide coatings.
5
Fu, Wen-Lung, Lesley M. Wright, and Je-Chin Han. "Heat Transfer in Two-Pass Rotating Rectangular Channels (AR=2:1) With Discrete V-Shaped and Discrete Angled Rib Turbulators." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59563.
Анотація:
This paper reports the heat transfer coefficients in a two-pass rotating, rectangular channel with ribs, applicable to an internally cooled turbine blade. The channel aspect ratio is 2:1. Five different turbulators are studied: 45° angled ribs, V-shaped ribs, discrete 45° angled ribs, discrete V-shaped ribs, and crossed V-shaped ribs. The ribs are placed on the leading and trailing surfaces. The Reynolds numbers range from 5000 to 40000. The corresponding rotation numbers vary from 0.21 to 0.026 for a fixed rotating speed of 550 rpm. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D) is 0.094, the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10, and the inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio (Δρ/ρ) is maintained around 0.115. For each case, two channel orientations are studied, 90° and 135° with respect to the plane of rotation. The results show the V-shaped ribs and discrete V-shaped ribs have higher heat transfer enhancement than the 45° angled ribs and discrete 45° angled ribs for both rotating and non-rotating cases.
6
Juarez-Islas, Julio Alberto, and Mario Fabian Mendez. "Microstructural Evaluation of Salt Nitrocarburizing as a Function of Time." In HT 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2015p0625.
Анотація:
Abstract A set of H13 steels were studied with the aim of improving their performance as matrices and pins. The steels were austenized in a high pressure vacuum furnace (Secowarwick) at 1015 °C for 180 minutes and then quenched with nitrogen in high vacuum (2 bar) followed by two tempering temperatures: 1) 540 °C and 2) 580 °C for a period of 180 minutes each one and then nitrogen cooled to room temperature. The nitrocraburizing process was performed in an ETSA liquid bath salt furnace at 580°C for 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes in order to evaluate the effect of treatment time during the nitrocarburizing process on the quality of the nitrocarburizing layer. After the quenching and tempering treatments, the steels showed a HV from 550 to 570 and after the nitrocraburizing treating, the superficial hardness showed a value from 740 to 810 HV with a nitrocraburizing layer < 14 μm. Microstructural evolution of the compound layer was studied by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction analysis. From microstructural characterization, it was observed mainly a continuous nitrocraburizing ε-Fe2–3(C,N) layer with nitrocraburizing times between 45 to 60 minutes showing better wear performance as compared with specimen with nitrocarburizing times between 90 to 180 minutes.
7
Heck, Stenio Cristaldo, Gustavo Satoru Takeya, Luiz Carlos Casteletti, Amadeu Lombardi Neto, and George Edward Totten. "Influence of Boriding Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance of the AISI H13 Tool Steel." In HT 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2015p0702.
Анотація:
Abstract The use of high hardness surface layers can extend the life of components such as molds and dies by increasing their wear resistance. However, the corrosion and oxidation resistance is also important to improve the durability of the components, especially for those that work under more demanding environments. In this work, samples of AISI H13 tool steel for hot work were borided by the pack cementation process, producing uniform and high hardness layers (1400-1800 HV). Afterwards the samples were subjected to a quasi-isothermal oxidation testing at 550 °C, the same working temperature of H13 steel in aluminum extrusion dies. Throughout the test, the mass gain of the untreated substrate, used for comparison, was 100%, while the borided sample treated at 900 °C for 2 hours had mass gain of 83% and the sample treated at 1000 °C for 4 hours presented a mass gain of 43%. The oxidation coefficients of the borided samples were similar, indicating similar oxidation kinetics but different from the untreated substrate.
8
Al-Meer, S. H., M. A. Amr, A. I. Helal, and A. T. Al-Kinani. "Ultratrace Determination of Strontium-90 in Environmental Soil Samples From Qatar by Collision/Reaction Cell-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (CRC-ICP-MS/MS)." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96160.
Анотація:
Because of the very low level of 90Sr in the environmental soil samples and its determination by beta counting may take several weeks, we developed a procedure for ultratrace determination of 90Sr using collision reaction cell-inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (CRC-ICP-MS/MS, Agilent 8800). Soil samples were dried at 105 °C and then heated in a furnace at 550 °C to remove any organics present. 500 g of each soil samples were aliquoted into 2000 ml glass beakers. Each Soils samples were soaked in 2 ppm Sr solution carrier to allow determination of chemical yield. The solid to liquid ratio was 1:1. Finally the soil samples were dried at 105 °C. Five hundred milliliters concentrated nitric acid and 250 ml hydrochloric acid volumes were added on 500 g soil samples. The samples were digested on hot plate at 80 °C to prevent spraying with continuous manual mixing. The leachate solution was separated. The solids were rinsed with 500 ml deionized water, warmed on a hot plate and the leachate plus previous leachate were filtered and the total volume was reduced to 500 ml by evaporation. Final leachate volume was transferred to a centrifuge tubes. The centrifuge tubes were centrifuged at 3,500 rpm for 10 min. The leachate was transferred to a 1 L beaker and heated on a hot plate to evaporate the leachate to dryness. The reside was re-dissolved in 100 ml of 2% HNO3 and reduced by evaporation to 10 mL. The solution was measured directly by CRC-ICP-MS/MS by setting the first quadruple analyzer to m/z 90 and introducing oxygen gas into the reaction cell for elimination isobar interference from zirconium-90. The method was validated by measurements of standard reference materials and applied on environmental soil samples. The overall time requirement for the measurement of strontium-90 by CRC-ICP-MS/MS is 2 days, significantly shorter than any radioanalytical protocol currently available.
9
Karaman, Ibrahim, and G. Guven Yapici. "Effect of Severe Plastic Deformation on the Mechanical Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43712.
Анотація:
The present work focuses on the microstructural evolution and resulting room temperature mechanical properties of P/M Ti-6Al-4V severely deformed at different temperatures (550°C to 800°C) using Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE). The bulk materials are extruded through two channels of equal cross section intersecting an angle of 90 degree. Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded billets are reported through electron microsopy observations and tension, compression and hardness experiments. Results are compared for different extrusion conditions including variations in temperature and processing route. Higher hardness values are obtained after ECAE compared to as-received values. These improvements are correlated with the grain refinement, phase refinement and texture produced during ECAE. The most favorable microstructure in terms of refined grains was two passes at 600°C. The ultimate goal is to develop ECAE thermomechanical-processing maps for the selection of processing schedules to obtain desired end microstructures and improved fatigue life in Ti-Al-V based materials. The investigations revealed that: 1. ECAE shear deformation leads to refinement in β plates and elimination of piror β boundaries. Decreasing extrusion temperature and increasing number of passes decreases α plate size and grain size. Refined α grain size leads to a significant increase in tensile and compressive flow stresses at room temperature. 2. The second extrusion pass at 800°C increased both the yield strength and ductility. This was attributed to the observed α plate refinement. 3. Cavitation at the interface between β strips and α plates at 550°C was thought to be the reason for low ductility and relatively low strain hardening at room temperature. 4. Texture has a pronounced effect on mechanical properties. Tension/compression asymmetry in flow strengths and strain hardening coefficients may be described by the activation of differing slip systems under tension and compression loading because of texture.
10
Kinoshita, Keisuke, Yoshitaka Suzuki, Takuya Kumagai, Osamu Watanabe, and Akihiro Matsuda. "Multiple Crack Extension and Temperature Effect of Perforated Plate in Elevated Temperature Fatigue Test." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97871.
Анотація:
The present paper presents the experimental results for fatigue crack propagation of SUS304 steel perforated plate at an elevated temperature of 550°C. (1) The specimens have two holes placed at an angle of 30°, 60° and 90°. Crack initiation cycle is determined from the pictures showing crack propagation process, which are measured with a CCD camera at a regular interval cycle. The stress concentration is larger in the order of 60°, 90° and 30°, the number of cycles to failure Nf follows this order. By using the inelastic strain amplitude, cycles to crack initiation for each specimen can be predicted. Hereafter, multiple cracks at different sites propagate according to the strain concentration contours. (2) The effect of high temperature on fatigue strength is also investigated for temperature from 500°C to 700°C. Cracks occurring at hole sides are measured by a CCD camera and the crack growth is calculated from photographs. Some specimens show the multiple small cracks at hole-side. (3) This paper also discusses fatigue evaluation of the circular notched plate under the inter-laminar shear loading at elevated temperature. FEM analysis of a specimen shows the distribution of stress under inter-laminar shear loading. Fatigue tests were conducted, and compared with results of analysis. The stress distribution under the inter-laminar shear loading shows unique distributions compared with those under the tensile loading, which is consistent with experimental results.
Звіти організацій з теми "551.907 2":
1
Sorum, Matthew, Jordan Pruszenski, Kyle Joly, and Matthew Cameron. Moose (Alces alces) population survey in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, November 2022. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301061.
Анотація:
Overall survey dates: November 6-19, 2022 (10 days of survey, 3 weather days) Total survey area: 3,096 mi2 (8,018 km2), 555 survey units Area surveyed: 614 mi2 (1,590 km2), 110 survey units Total moose observed: 183 (101 cows, 21 calves [2 set of twins], 61 bulls) Average search effort: 5.9 minutes/mi2 (3.5 minutes/km2) Population estimate: 738 moose (90% CI: 548-928; +/-26%); long-term average 848 moose Estimated density: 0.24 moose/mi2 (0.62 moose/km2); long-term average 0.27 moose/mi2 Estimated age/sex ratios: 19 calves:100 cows, 7 yearlings bulls:100 cows, 60 bulls:100 cows
2
Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.
Анотація:
Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
3
Haight, Everett A., John G. Harvey, Beall Jr., and Patricia. Preliminary Assessment of the Relative Toxicity of 1,5-Diazido-3- Nitrazapentane 90-Day Dermal Application Male and Female Rabbits Study Number 75-51-Y809-90, May 1990 - June 1992. Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada259309.
4
Houpt, John T., and Glenn J. Leach. Toxicological Study No. 75-51-YJ81-93, 4-Amino-2-Nitrotoluene (4A2NT) Oral Approximate Lethal Dose 14-day Range Finding 90-Day Subchronic Feeding Studies in Rats, August 1991-November 1993. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562931.
5
Sureshbabu, Keertana, Egbe-Etu Etu, Susan Summerville, Ankur Parmar, and Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Use of Public Transportation Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2204.
Анотація:
Public transportation is an essential part of many older adults’ lives, but the pandemic presented new challenges for the vulnerable population. Adults aged 65 years and older experienced additional challenges, such as limited mobility options (e.g., lack of buses or trains in service due a combination of government lockdowns, fear of contracting or spreading the virus, and driver shortages in certain areas) because of the pandemic, which may have resulted in more age-related declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical functioning. This study explores how older adults living in major metropolitan cities in the United States used and perceived public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team conducted an online survey through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing marketplace, a platform that offers opportunities to recruit a larger number of participants from diverse geographic locations. 260 respondents completed the survey. Eligibility included: (1) residing in the United States, (2) being aged 55 years or older (the oldest age that can be selected on MTurk), and (3) having an approval rating of 90% or above (i.e., the percentage of the workers’ submitted tasks approved by survey requesters, offered by the MTurk platform). Overall, older adults reported that they had changed travel patterns since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced challenges in using public transportation, and expressed concerns about catching the SARS-CoV-2 virus while using public transportation. Mobile technology (e.g., a transportation navigation app) was perceived as a good option for finding public transportation information, but needs improved user experience and accessibility. These findings may help transit agencies develop effective strategies for improving transportation services and increasing policymakers’ awareness of older adults’ need for accessible public transportation.
6
Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.
Анотація:
Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
Анотація:
Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
Анотація:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.