Добірка наукової літератури з теми "511.607 2"

AbstractTwo new minerals shchurovskyite, ideally K2CaCu6O2(AsO4)4, and dmisokolovite, ideally K3Cu5AlO2(AsO4)4, are found in sublimates of the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoriacone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. They are associated with one another and with johillerite, bradaczekite, tilasite, melanarsite, tenorite, hematite, aphthitalite, langbeinite, orthoclase, etc. Shchurovskyiteoccurs as coarse tabular or prismatic crystals up to 0.15 mm in size or anhedral grains forming parallel aggregates and crusts up to 1.5 cm × 2 cm across. Dmisokolovite forms tabular, prismatic or dipyramidal crystals up to 0.2 mm in size, commonly combined in clusters or crusts up to0.7 cm × 1.5 cm across. Both minerals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. They are brittle, with Mohs' hardness ≈3. Shchurovskyite is olive-green or olive drab. Dmisokolovite is bright emerald-green to light green. Dcalc = 4.28 (shchurovskyite) and 4.26 (dmisokolovite)g cm–3. Both are optically biaxial; shchurovskyite: (+), α = 1.795(5), β = 1.800(5), γ = 1.810(6), 2Vmeas = 70(15)°; dmisokolovite: (–), α = 1.758(7), β = 1.782(7), γ = 1.805(8), 2Vmeas = 85(5)°. The Ramanspectra are given. Chemical data (wt.%, electron-microprobe; first value is for shchurovskyite, second for dmisokolovite): Na2O 0.00, 0.83; K2O 8.85, 10.71; Rb2O 0.11, 0.00; MgO 0.00, 0.35; CaO 4.94, 0.21; CuO 43.19, 38.67; ZnO 0.42, 0.20; Al2O30.04, 4.68; Fe2O3 0.00, 0.36; P2O5 0.59, 0.78; V2O5 0.01, 0.04; As2O5 40.72, 43.01; SO3 0.35, 0.00; total 99.22, 99.84. The empirical formulae, based on 18 O a.p.f.u., are shchurovskyite: K2.05Rb0.01Ca0.96Cu5.92Zn0.06Al0.01P0.09S0.05As3.86O18;dmisokolovite: Na0.28K2.36Mg0.09Ca0.04Cu5.04Zn0.04 Al0.95Fe0.053+P0.11As3.88O18. The strongest reflections of X-ray powder patterns [d,Å(I)(hkl)]are shchurovskyite: 8.61(100)(200, 001), 5.400(32)(110), 2.974(32)(312, 510), 2.842(47)(003, 020), 2.757(63) (601, 511), 2.373(36)(512, 420) and 2.297(31)(421, 222, 313); dmisokolovite: 8.34(95)(002), 5.433(84)(110), 2.921(66)(510, 314), 2.853(58)(511, 020) and 2.733(100)(006, 512, 602). Shchurovskyiteis monoclinic, C2, a = 17.2856(9), b = 5.6705(4), c = 8.5734(6) Å, β = 92.953(6)°, V = 839.24(9) Å3 and Z = 2. Dmisokolovite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 17.0848(12), b = 5.7188(4), c =16.5332(12) Å, β = 91.716(6)°, V = 1614.7(2) Å3 and Z = 4. Their crystal structures [single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, R = 0.0746 (shchurovskyite) and 0.1345 (dmisokolovite: model)] are closely related in the topology of the main buildingunits. They are based on a quasi-framework consisting of AsO4 tetrahedra and polyhedra centred by Cu in shchurovskyite or by Cu and Al in dmisokolovite. K and Ca are located in channels of the quasi-framework. The minerals are named in honour of outstanding Russian geologists andmineralogists Grigory Efimovich Shchurovsky (1803–1884) and Dmitry Ivanovich Sokolov (1788–1852).

Abstract Background: In AL amyloidosis, circulating free light chains (FLC) are not only a clonal marker, but they are the causal agent of the disease. The recently validated criteria of hematologic response are based solely on the measurement of FLC. Patients with a difference between involved and uninvolved FLC (dFLC) <50 mg/L do not have measurable disease and cannot be assessed for response. Hence, they are commonly excluded from clinical trials. Nevertheless, these subjects represent a significant proportion of the patients suffering from AL amyloidosis, and given the lower burden of the toxic amyloidogenic precursor we hypothesize that they have distinctive clinical features. Patients and methods: The study population is composed of 984 consecutive, newly diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis evaluated between 2004 and 2013 at the Pavia Amyloidosis Center and prospectively followed for response and survival. We compared the 187 subjects (19%) who had a baseline dFLC <50 mg/L (low-dFLC group) with the remaining 797 patients (evaluable-dFLC group). Results: Patients' characteristics are reported in the table. Heart involvement was less common in the low-dFLC group, and cardiac and renal dysfunction was more advanced in the evaluable-dFLC group, whereas renal involvement was more frequent and severe in the low-dFLC group. The Mayo clinic staging system based on NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin was able to discriminate three groups with significantly different outcomes in both groups (P<0.001). Overall survival was significantly better in the low-dFLC group (median 90 vs. 48 months, P<0.001). Within each Mayo stage patients with low-dFLC had a longer survival (at 3 years, 88% vs. 78%, P=0.03 in stage I, 69% vs. 45%, P=0.001 in stage II, 36% vs. 22%, P=0.02 in stage III). Complete response was associated with a significant survival advantage in the low-dFLC group (median 122 months vs. 92 months, P=0.02). Conclusions: Nineteen percent of newly diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis have very low dFLC burden. They represent a subgroup with a distinct and better outcome compared to other patients. Nevertheless, complete response can still significantly improve survival. Patients with low baseline dFLC can be included in clinical trials with appropriate stratification and are evaluable for complete response. Table 1. Patients' characteristics. Variable Low dFLC group 187 patients N (%) - median (range) Evaluable dFLC group 797 patients N (%) - median (range) P Age, years 66 (40-85) 65 (30-87) 0.124 Male sex 99 (52) 444 (55) 0.272 Organ involvement Heart Kidney Liver >2 organs 88 (47) 142 (76) 26 (13) 99 (53) 662 (83) 511 (64) 112 (14) 566 (71) <0.001 0.001 0.532 <0.001 Mayo Stage 1 2 3 69 (37) 91 (49) 27 (14) 109 (12) 338 (42) 350 (44) <0.001 0.071 <0.001 NYHA class 3 36 (19) 331 (40) <0.001 NT-proBNP >8500 ng/L 12 (6) 212 (27) 0.0001 Renal Stage 1 2 3 62 (33) 85 (45) 40 (21) 384 (48) 320 (40) 93 (11) 0.001 0.107 0.001 Alkaline phosphatase, U/L 144 (82-215) 159 (99-239) 0.077 Involved ligh-chain type κλ 37 (20) 150 (80) 190 (24) 607 (76) 0.02 0.13 Bone marrow plasma cells, % 8 (5-12) 12 (8-20) 0.001 Melphalan-dexamethasone (MDex) Cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-Dex Bortezomib-MDexOthers 67 (35) 41 (22) 19 (10) 60 (33) 289 (36) 207 (26) 102 (12) 199 (26) 0.491 0.145 0.194 0.030 Disclosures Merlini: Millennium-Takeda: Honoraria; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Prothena: Honoraria.

ABSTRACT Daily progesterone profiles obtained from saliva specimens from 101 peri- and postmenarcheal girls showed episodic 'spikes' which reached up to 600 pmol/l from baselines of approximately 40 pmol/l. The authenticity of progesterone in the 'spike' specimens was established using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. 'Spikes' of progesterone occurred in 5·3% of premenarcheal saliva specimens but in only 1–2% of specimens from girls who were 4–6 years postmenarche. Two-hourly specimens from 53 pre-and postmenarcheal girls had 'spike' frequencies similar to those measured in daily specimens. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 513–518

Twenty-eight lamb ewes (44 + 0.45 kg live weight) were used to study the effect of type and level of supplementation on voluntary intake of barley straw, treated with 30 g/kg of anhydrous ammonia (TS) or untreated (US) but given with urea to ensure the same nitrogen content as TS (18 g/kg DM). Each type of straw was offered ad libitum, supplemented with grass hay, rolled barley and sugar beet pulp at rates of 150, 300, 4 50 and 600 g/d, in 6 Latin Squares (4 x 4). In addition, another 2 sheep received each straw alone during the same periods. Supplements were totally consumed, except hay, which was refused in 10 - 13 and 28 - 34 per cent for US and TS, respectively.Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of US (OMD = 0.423) and TS (OMD = 0.515) offer as sole feed were 511 ± 29.1 and 858 ± 45.2 g. As show TABLE 1, US was consumed at rates of 527, 576 and 568 g DM when supplemented with 150 g of hay, barley and sugar beet pulp, and no significant differences were found with further levels of supplementation. DMI of TS decreased linearly from 850 to 618 g/d (r = 0.75) and from 717 to 518 g/d (r = 0.63) when the level of barley and sugar beet pulp increased from 150 to 600 g/d. Substitution rates were estimated to be 0.31 and 0.27 for barley and sugar beet pulp, respectively. Decrease in TS intake when supplemented since 150 to 600 g/d of hay (720 to 605 g, respectively) were found not significative.

Differences in performance of grafting seedling were estimated from effect of using the root-stock and scion clones. This research aimed to study the differences of performance of some root-stock and scion clones on grafting seedling. The study used split plot design. First factor was root-stock consisted of ICS 60, Sca 6, Sca 12 and KW 165 and the second factor were 12 scions clones consisted of ICCRI 01, ICCRI 04, ICCRI 05, DR 2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 516, KW 514, KW 617, KW 570, KEE 2, and KW 604. There were three replication in each treatment and each replication consisted of 15 samples. Viability, lingkage diameter, ratio of root-stock and scion, hight of shoot, number of leaves and shoot were observed. The study showed that differences of root-stock just affected viability, lingkage diameter, and high of shoot. Scion clones factor affected to all of the characters. Their interaction caused the differences of all characters except of the number of shoot. Root-stock Sca 6 showed the lowest viability and number of the shoot, however root-stock KW 165 and ICS 60 showed the best performance to all parameters. The cluster analysis was done based on growth parameters and viability on lingkage distance of 15. There were three clusters; cluster 1 (KW 570), cluster 2 (ICCRI 04, ICCRI 05, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 514, KW 165) and cluster 3 (ICCRI 01, DR 2, KW 516, KW 617, KW 604). Correlation analysis showed that main factor which affected the high viability root-stock diameter and diameter ratio of root-stock and scion were used.

The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. 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Abstract. We use multifractal analysis to estimate the Rényi dimensions of river basins by two different partition methods. These methods differ in the way that the Euclidian plane support of the measure is covered, partitioning it by using mutually exclusive boxes or by gliding a box over the plane. Images of two different drainage basins, for the Ebro and Tajo rivers, located in Spain, were digitalized with a resolution of 0.5 km, giving image sizes of 617×1059 pixels and 515×1059, respectively. Box sizes were chosen as powers of 2, ranging from 2×4 pixels to 512×1024 pixels located within the image, with the purpose of covering the entire network. The resulting measures were plotted versus the logarithmic value of the box area instead of the box size length. Multifractal Analysis (MFA) using a box counting algorithm was carried out according to the method of moments ranging from −5<q<5, and the Rényi dimensions were calculated from the log/log slope of the probability distribution for the respective moments over the box area. An optimal interval of box sizes was determined by estimating the characteristic length of the river networks and by taking the next higher power of 2 as the smallest box size. The optimized box size for both river networks ranges from 64×128 to 512×1024 pixels and illustrates the multiscaling behaviour of the Ebro and Tajo. By restricting the multifractal analysis to the box size range, good generalized dimension (Dq) spectra were obtained but with very few points and with a low number of boxes for each size due to image size restrictions. The gliding box method was applied to the same box size range, providing more consistent and representative Dq values. The numerical differences between the results, as well as the standard error values, are discussed.

AbstractThe gamma-ray spectrometer on Yohkoh has detected the positron annihilation line at 511 keV produced during the 1991 November 15 flare (X1.0/3B). The 511 keV line fluence, integrated over the time interval of 22:37:50-22:38:14 UT, is (6.7 ± 2.2) photons cm−2 . The time profile of 511 keV line exhibited long decay time compared with the electron bremsstrahlung and prompt gamma-ray line components. From the analysis of time profile of the 511 keV line, we come to the following conclusions: (1) the main source of positrons is deexcitation of 16O *6.052 by e+ – e- pair emisson. (2) β+ −emitting nuclei of 31S, 29P, 27Si, 26mAl, 25Al,23Mg, 19Ne, and 21Na are also important sources of positrons in the decay phase. (3) The density of the positron annihilation region in the photosphere is 1016 cm−3 . (4) Most likely interpretation of the time profile is that at least 50% of positrons annihilate in coronal flare loops with a density of 1012−1013 cm−3 and with a temperature of 106 −3 × 106 K.Subject headings: nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances — Sun: flares — Sun: X-rays, gamma-rays

Background: Motor phenotype (MP) can be associated with a different prognosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but it is not fixed and can change over time. Objective: Our aim was to analyze how the MP changed over time and to identify factors associated with the changes in PD patients from a multicenter Spanish PD cohort. Methods: PD patients who were recruited from January-2016 to November-2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year±30 days follow-up (V2) from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort, were included in this study.MP was calculated at both visits based on Jankovic classification in TD (tremor dominant), IND (indeterminate), or PIGD (postural instability and gait difficulty). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including serum biomarkers. Results: Five hundred eleven patients (62.57±8.59 years old; 59.2%males) were included in the study. At V0, MP was: 47.4%(242/511) TD; 36.6%(187/511) PIGD; 16%(82/511) IND. Up to 38%(194/511) of the patients changed their phenotype from V0 to V2, being the most frequent from TD to IND (8.4%) and from TD to PIGD (6.7%). A worse cognitive status (OR = 0.966) and less autonomy for activities of daily living (OR = 0.937) at V0 and a greater increase in the globalNMS burden (OR = 1.011) from V0 to V2 were associated with changing from TD to another phenotype after 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: The MP in PD can change over time. With disease progression, the percentage of cases with non-tremoric MP increases. PD patients who changed from TD to postural instability and gait difficulty increased NMS burden significantly.

Low back pain 254Work-related upper limb disorders 1 256Work-related upper limb disorders 2 258Osteoarthritis of the hip 260Bursitis 262• LBP has a lifetime prevalence of 60–80%, point prevalence of 15–40%, and annual incidence of 5%. It is:• the second most common cause of work-related ill health (prevalence 207 000, annual incidence 51 000)...

Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.

The circumstances leading to war are enumerated—(1) gathering crises in the Balkans, Italy, and Armenia, and (2) Persian dissatisfaction with the current line of the frontier in the west. The November 602 coup of Phocas and execution of the Emperor Maurice, who had restored Khusro II to the Sasanian throne in 591, provided Khusro with a perfect pretext for going to war. The focus is then on Persian strategy. The main offensive thrusts alternated between the Mesopotamian and Armenian theatres of war in a first phase (603–5) which saw the outer defences of the Roman Empire breached. After a year’s pause, the offensive was renewed on a larger scale, simultaneous pushes being made in both theatres of war from 607, which brought Persian armies to the inner line of Roman defence on the Euphrates in 610.

51-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The radiologist chose to use Eovist Axial fat-suppressed FSE T2-weighted image (Figure 1.13.1) and diffusion-weighted (b=600 s/mm²) image (Figure 1.13.2) demonstrate a right hepatic lobe mass with mild increased signal intensity relative to liver on the FSE image and moderate hyperintensity on the diffusion-weighted image. There was no signal dropout from IP to OP T1-weighted 2D SPGR images (images ...

Article 51(2) (Obligation for supervisory authorities to cooperate with each other) (see too recital 123); Article 60(12) (Obligation for supervisory authorities to use a standardised format for communicating information to each other); Article 61(9) (Commission power to adopt implementing acts concerning the exchange of information by electronic means); Article 64(4) (Obligation to use a standardised format for communicating information to the Board); Article 93(2) (Committee procedure for adopting implementing acts) (see too recital 167).

Article 50 (International cooperation) (see too recital 116); Article 51(2) (Obligation of supervisory authorities to cooperate to ensure consistency) (see too recital 124); Article 56 (Competence of lead supervisory authority) (see too recitals 124–128); Article 57(1)(g) (Tasks of supervisory authorities); Article 60 (Cooperation between lead supervisory authority and supervisory authorities concerned) (see too recitals 130–31); Article 62 (Joint operations of DPAs) (see too recital 134); Article 64(2) (Opinion of the Board in case of non-compliance with Articles 61 or 62) (see too recital 136).

The lindenane sesquiterpenes, exemplified by chloranthalactone 4, display interesting physiological activity. Bo Liu of Sichuan University assembled (Organic Lett. 2011, 13, 5406) 4 by opening the epoxide 1 to the carbene, which cyclized to 3. Establishment of the relative configuration of sidechain stereogenic centers is a continuing issue in carbocyclic synthesis. Shigefumi Kuwahara of Tohoku University paired (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 705) Sharpless epoxidation, to prepare 5, with the Stork epoxy nitrile cyclization, leading to (+)-rumphellaone A 7. Three competing structures had been put forward for the structure of (+)-lactiflorin 10. Thorsten Bach of the Technische Universität München settled (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1261) this controversy by preparing the most likely structure, 10, and showing that it was congruent with the natural product. A key step in the synthesis was the tethered 2+2 cycloaddition of 8 to give 9. The conversion of a carbohydrate to a carbocycle is a powerful strategy for the enantiospecific construction of natural products. En route to (–)-echinosporin 14, Karl J. Hale of Queen’s University Belfast added (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3024) the allene 12 to the enone 11, prepared from glucose, to give the cyclopentene 13. Richard J.K. Taylor of the University of York prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 6619) the enone 16 by oxidation of m-iodophenol 15 followed by asymmetric epoxidation. Reduction followed by deprotection and Pd-mediated coupling delivered (–)-harveynone 17. Some of the daphnane diterpene orthoesters, exemplified by (6,7-deoxy)-yuanhuapin 20, are single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of protein kinase C. Paul A. Wender of Stanford University, in the course of initial studies to optimize this remarkable activity, prepared (Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 615) 20 by way of the thermal cyclization of 18 to 19.

Spirituality is not a new area of research. The unavailability of standardized assessment measures of spirituality is the basis of the present investigation. Phase 1 of the present study developed themes through ‘self-report measurement' administered to 15 participants (G1) of different spiritual organizations and studying the glimpses of Indian spirituality. Results revealed 90 themes, which were used as variables for the development of the scale. Phase 2 involved the development of measures of spirituality for an adult sample. The author selected N=300 (G2) MCQ for Part-1 and Likert format for Part-2 of the scale. Beginning with an over-inclusive 100 items (40+60) WSIS in the study, a series of exploratory analyses led to a reduced set of 51 items (17+34). With another 1200 participants (G3), a priori criterion PCA yielded a 14-factor structure: 6 factors WSIS (Part 1) and 8 factors WSIS (Part 2). The author proposed the Workplace Spiritual Intelligence Scale (WSIS), which was standardized and showed satisfactory validity and reliability.

Debabrata Maiti of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay found (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 4253) that the relatively inexpensive Pd(OAc)2 effectively catalyzed the decarbonylation of an aldehyde 1 to the hydrocarbon 2. Hui Lou of Zhejiang University used (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 2577) a Mo catalyst to effect reduction of the ester 3 to the hydrocarbon 4, with retention of all the skeletal carbons. Jon T. Njardarson of the University of Arizona showed (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7844) that the allylic ether 5 could be reduced with high regioselectivity to give 6. José Barluenga and Carlos Valdés of the Universidad de Oviedo effected (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5950) the direct conversion of a ketone 7 to the azide 8. Although no cyclic ketones were included in the examples, there is a good chance that this will be the long-sought diastereoselective reduction of a cyclohexanone to the equatorial amine. Hideo Nagashima of Kyushu University reduced (Chem. Lett. 2012, 41, 229) the acid 9 directly to the aldehyde 1 using a ruthenium catalyst with the bis silane 10. Georgii I. Nikonov of Brock University described (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 607) a similar Ru-mediated silane reduction of an acid chloride to the aldehyde. Professor Nagashima used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5363) his same Ru catalyst to reduce the ester 11 to the protected amine 12. Shmaryahu Hoz of Bar-Ilan University used (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 4029) photostimulation to promote the SmI2-mediated reduction of a nitrile 13 to the amine 14. Bakthan Singaram of the University of California, Santa Cruz effected (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 221) the same transformation with InCl3/NaBH4. David J. Procter of the University of Manchester described (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3049) what promises to be a general method for activating Sm metal to form SmI2. Mark T. Hamann of the University of Mississippi directly reduced (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 4578) the nitro group of 15 to the alkylated amine 16. Cleanly oxidizing aromatic methyl groups to the level of the aldehyde without overoxidation has been a challenge.

<em>Abstract.—</em>Based on data from research and commercial catches collected by the Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO, Murmansk, Russia) in 1995–2005, the distribution, habitat conditions, size and sex parameters, and feeding of the roughhead grenadier, <em>Macrourus berglax</em>, in the Barents Sea were studied. This species occurs along the continental slope mainly at depths greater than 400 m, water temperatures between 0.5–3.5°C, and salinity more than 35 ‰. Specimens from 31–51 cm and 46–61 cm TL for males and females, respectively, were the most abundant in research trawl catches. Larger fish dominated in commercial catches, 46–65 cm in trawl fisheries and 51–60 cm on longline fisheries. The sex ratio was equal in research trawl catches; however, females dominated in commercial catches. Polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish dominated the diet of this species. In the Barents Sea the species is taken only as bycatch, averaging scarcely over 2 % of the total. The total annual Russian catch of roughhead grenadier was usually less than 40 tons during the period of 1996–2004.

<em>Abstract.—</em>Based on data from research and commercial catches collected by the Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO, Murmansk, Russia) in 1995–2005, the distribution, habitat conditions, size and sex parameters, and feeding of the roughhead grenadier, <em>Macrourus berglax</em>, in the Barents Sea were studied. This species occurs along the continental slope mainly at depths greater than 400 m, water temperatures between 0.5–3.5°C, and salinity more than 35 ‰. Specimens from 31–51 cm and 46–61 cm TL for males and females, respectively, were the most abundant in research trawl catches. Larger fish dominated in commercial catches, 46–65 cm in trawl fisheries and 51–60 cm on longline fisheries. The sex ratio was equal in research trawl catches; however, females dominated in commercial catches. Polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish dominated the diet of this species. In the Barents Sea the species is taken only as bycatch, averaging scarcely over 2 % of the total. The total annual Russian catch of roughhead grenadier was usually less than 40 tons during the period of 1996–2004.

Article 5 (Principles relating to processing of personal data) (see also recitals 33, 39 and 50); Article 6(1)(a) (Lawfulness of processing on basis of consent) (see too recital 40); Article 7 (Conditions for consent) (see also recital 42); Article 8 (Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services) (see too recital 38); Article 9(2)(a) (Processing of special categories of personal data on basis of consent) (see too recital 51); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject) (see too recitals 60–62); Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject); Article 17 (Right to erasure) (see too recital 65); Article 20 (Right to data portability) (see too recital 68); Article 22 (Automated individual decision-making, including profiling) (see too recital 71); Article 49(1)(a) (Transfer of personal data to third country or international organisation on basis of consent) (see too recitals 111–112).

Abstract The present work investigates the effects of various guide vane designs on the heat transfer enhancement of rotating U-Duct configuration with parallel 45-deg ribs. The ribs were installed on the bottom wall of the channel which has a constant heat flux boundary condition. The channel has a square cross-section with a 5.08 cm (2 in) hydraulic diameter. The first and second passes are 514 mm and 460 mm, respectively. The range of Reynolds number for turbulent flow is up to 35,000. The channel rotates in various speed up to 600 rpm which brings the maximum rotation number of 0.75. Several computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out for this study to understand the effect of guide vanes on flow and heat transfer in serpentine channels under various operating conditions.

The present work investigates the effects of buoyancy and density ratio on the thermal performance of a rotating two-pass square channel. The U-bend configuration with smooth walls is selected for this study. The channel has a square cross-section with a hydraulic diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches). The lengths of the first and second passes are 514 mm and 460 mm, respectively. The turbulent flow enters the channel with Reynolds numbers of up to 34,000. The rotational speed varies from 0 to 600 rpm with the rotational numbers up to 0.75. For this study, two approaches are considered for tracking the buoyancy effect on heat transfer. In the first case, the density ratio is set constant, and the rotational speed is varied. In the second case, the density ratio is changed in the stationary case, and the effect of density ratio is discussed. The range of Buoyancy number along the channel is 0–6. The objective is to investigate the impact of Buoyancy forces on a broader range of rotation number (0–0.75) and Buoyancy number scales (0–6), and their combined effects on heat transfer coefficient for a channel with aspect ratio of 1:1. Several computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation are carried out for this study, and some of the results are validated against experimental data.

Introdução: Durante a gravidez, as mulheres têm aumentado de quatro a cinco vezes o risco de trombose, em comparação com quando não estão grávidas. Oitenta por cento de tromboses na gravidez ocorrem nas veias e aproximadamente 20% nas artérias, sendo estas incomuns na gravidez, mas passíveis de ter consequências devastadoras. Entre as pacientes que apresentam trombose arterial e/ou venosa recorrentes, recomenda-se a pesquisa de anticorpos antifosfolípides (aPL) como anticorpo anticardiolipina, anticoagulante lúpico, antibeta2-glicoproteína I para o diagnóstico da síndrome antifosfolipídeo (SAF). Objetivo: Comparar os resultados gestacionais de pacientes que apresentaram trombose arterial sem aPL com pacientes com SAF com história de trombose arterial. Materiais e métodos: Estudo de coorte com gestantes acompanhadas em um pré-natal de alto risco que apresentaram trombose arterial. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: o primeiro consistiu em gestantes que apresentaram trombose arterial com pesquisa para SAF negativa; e o segundo em pacientes com SAF. A coleta de dados foi feita nos prontuários, por meio de um questionário redigido pelos próprios autores. Resultados e conclusão: Vinte e nove pacientes com trombose arterial foram incluídas no presente estudo, das quais 15 com história de trombose, 14 com aPL positivo, confirmando o diagnóstico de SAF (grupo 1), e 15 com aPL negativos (grupo 2). O grupo 1 tinha história obstétrica desfavorável em comparação com o grupo 2 (passado de um natimorto e 13 abortos e na gestação atual um óbito fetal versus ausência de óbitos fetais e nove abortos no grupo 2). Pacientes com trombose e aPL positivo (grupo 1) apresentaram com maior frequência na gestação atual crescimento intrauterino restrito (8x5, p=0,11), parto prematuro (5x1, p=0,03), oligodramnia (3x0, p=0,04), pré-eclâmpsia (6x2, p=0,04) e síndrome HELLP (1x0, p=NA). O peso médio do nascimento (2542±677 versus 3050±496, p=0,02) e a idade gestacional (37,02±3,9 versus 38,32±1,39, p=0,25) no parto foram significativamente menores no grupo 2. Conclusão: A presença de aPL em pacientes com história de trombose arterial está associada a piores resultados gestacionais, incluindo maior incidência de pré-eclâmpsia, parto prematuro e menor peso ao nascer, enquanto a história de trombose arterial com pesquisa para aPL negativa apresentou resultados gestacionais favoráveis. Nosso estudo sugere que a investigação para SAF é fundamental para o acompanhamento adequado de gestante com história de trombose vascular.

Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.