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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "4G standard"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "4G standard"

1

Donelli, Massimo. "Reconfigurable Antenna Systems for the Next Generation Devices Based on 4G/5G Standard." International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 7, no. 2 (July 2017): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicst.2017070103.

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Анотація:
This article is devoted to showing the applications of innovative reconfigurable antenna systems suitable for the next generation 4G/5G devices. Microwave antenna technology can be very useful for next generation devices based on 4G/5G standards. Next generation tablets and smartphones based on 4G/5G standards will require high bandwidth and high velocity channels with respect to conventional devices. This work tries to present a complete overview of possible applications of advanced antenna technologies for 4G/5G devices and systems. Methodologies, such as phased and fully adaptive arrays, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on compact Rotman lenses or butler matrices, development of innovate reconfigurable antennas based on reconfigurable parasitic structures or new materials such as graphene, and unconventional modulation techniques have been investigated in this work. The work ends with some conclusions and considerations related to ideas for future works.
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2

Shen, Qi, and Ying Rui Zhao. "Research on the Development of Future Wireless Network." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.578.

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Анотація:
Wireless networks today can be divided into several phases, the first voice communication is based, that is 1g, the second phase, where we are in stage-based data traffic. In the third phase, will be mainly dominated by video, the need for new ways to optimize the network in order to prevent saturation. The future is 4G era. Now, based on 3G mobile communication technology has been successful in the global implementation of standardized and up. 4G standards battle has been engaged in fierce. For now it seems 3G technology in the WiMAX and LTE will be strong competitors in the future 4G standards. In this paper, we will talk about the 4G technology standard, WiMAX and LTE the basic characteristics of the key aspects of technology and application prospects of WiMAX and compare LTE and the development of future wireless networks.
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3

Rathore, Vishal Singh, and Alka Chauhan. "A Reviewed Approach to the 5G Mobile Technology." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v1i2.262.

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Анотація:
5G or the 5th generation of mobile technology, is a name used in many research papers and projects to denote the next phase after the upcoming 4G standards. Currently the term 5G is not official. In this generation researches are being made on WORLD WIDE WIRELESS WEB (WWWW), DYNAMIC ADHOC WIRELESS NETWORKS (DAWN) and REAL WIRELESS WORLD. New standard technology releases are in development beyond 4G but are not considered as new mobile technologies, because 4G implementation and complaint handling regarding the 4G system are still under development. This paper is focused on network Architecture of 5G Technology and evolution from 1G to 5G. The fifth generation will provide very high speed and affordable broadband wireless connectivity and services like documentation, supporting e-transactions etc.
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4

Rathore, Vishal Singh, and Alka Chauhan. "A Reviewed Approach to the 5G Mobile Technology." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v1i1.264.

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Анотація:
5G or the 5th generation of mobile technology, is a name used in many research papers and projects to denote the next phase after the upcoming 4G standards. Currently the term 5G is not official. In this generation researches are being made on WORLD WIDE WIRELESS WEB (WWWW), DYNAMIC ADHOC WIRELESS NETWORKS (DAWN) and REAL WIRELESS WORLD. New standard technology releases are in development beyond 4G but are not considered as new mobile technologies, because 4G implementation and complaint handling regarding the 4G system are still under development. This paper is focused on network Architecture of 5G Technology and evolution from 1G to 5G. The fifth generation will provide very high speed and affordable broadband wireless connectivity and services like documentation, supporting e-transactions etc.
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5

Trpovski, Sonja, and Srđan Šobot. "4G LTE STANDARD MOBILNE TELEFONIJE I NJEGOVA OPENAIR INTERFACE (OAI) REALIZACIJA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 03 (February 28, 2019): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/02be11sobot.

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U ovom radu opisan je 4G standard mobilne telefonije, kao i OpenAir Interface - platforma otvorenog koda koja pruža potpunu implementaciju 3GPP standarda, kroz celokupnu realizaciju svih slojeva protokola.
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6

Fan, Xin Xin, Teng Wu, and Guang Gong. "An Efficient Stream Cipher WG-16 and its Application for Securing 4G-LTE Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1436.

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Анотація:
The fourth generation of mobile telecommunications system (marketed as 4G-LTE) is being commercially and widely deployed. Security mechanisms are crucial to protect communications of mobile users from potential malicious attacks as well as to ensure revenue for 4G-LTE network operators. The randomness properties of the keystream generated by the current cipher suites in 4G-LTE standard are difficult to analyze and some vulnerabilities with regard to the integrity algorithms have been recently discovered. To address those issues, we present a detailed specification and security analysis of a bit-oriented stream cipher WG-16 as well as the corresponding confidentiality and integrity algorithms in this paper. Our experimental results on smartphones and comparisons with the cipher suites in 4G-LTE standard demonstrate that WG-16 is a competitive candidate for securing the emerging 4G-LTE networks.
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7

de Haas, E. C., N. Zwart, C. Meijer, H. M. Boezen, A. J. Suurmeijer, J. van der Meer, H. J. Hoekstra, F. E. van Leeuwen, D. T. Sleijffer, and J. A. Gietema. "Association of plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G gene polymorphism with survival and chemotherapy-related vascular toxicity in non-seminomatous testicular cancer (TC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 5083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5083.

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5083 Background: High PAI-1 expression by tumor has been associated with poor prognosis in different cancer types, while high systemic PAI-1 levels may increase the risk of vascular thrombosis. We investigated whether the 4G/5G del/ins polymorphism in the PAI-1 promoter (rs1799889; 4G might lead to higher transcription), is associated with differences in survival and prevalence of cardiovascular events in TC. Methods: Data were collected on survival and cardiovascular events (venous thromboembolism [VTE] and coronary heart disease [CHD]) of TC patients treated with standard platinum based chemotherapy from 1977–2004. PAI-1 genotype was determined from non-tumor genomic DNA by a Taqman SNP assay. Genotypes were compared for survival (Kaplan-Meier curves + log-rank and Cox-regression analysis), disease outcome (logistic regression) and prevalence of VTE and CHD (χ2-test). Results: Data are available for 324 patients with median follow-up of 10 yrs (range 0–28). The 3 genotypes 4G/4G (n = 84), 4G/5G (n = 164), and 5G/5G (n = 76) do not differ in age and initial chemotherapy regime. However, the 4G/4G variant shows a higher prevalence of International Germ Cell Cancer Classification (IGCCC) poor prognosis compared to 4G/5G + 5G/5G (24% vs 10%; p = 0.003), as well as a decreased TC related survival compared to 4G/5G + 5G/5G (83% vs 94%; p = 0.001) with a hazard ratio of 2.68 for TC related death (95%CI 1.26–5.72; adjusted for IGCCC p = 0.011). In addition, the 4G/4G variant shows an odds ratio of 3.35 for refractory TC and early relapses (<2 yrs) (95% CI 1.48–7.58; p = 0.004). The 3 genotypes do not differ significantly in prevalence of VTE (4G/4G 11.9%, 4G/5G 8.5%, 5G/5G 7.9%; p = 0.616) and CHD during/after chemotherapy (4G/4G 6.0%; 4G/5G 4.9%; 5G/5G 2.6%; p = 0.594). Conclusions: The 4G/4G variant of the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism is associated with IGCCC poor prognosis, reduced survival and higher prevalence of refractory disease and early relapses. No effect on vascular toxicity was found. The 4G/4G variant of the PAI-1 gene may be an unfavorable prognostic factor as well as an unfavorable predictive factor for response to chemotherapy in patients with TC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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8

Belozertsev, I. "From the Fourth Generation to the Fifth: Virtualization, Software-Defined Networks and Mobile Edge Computing." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2022-8-1-66-72.

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Анотація:
With the increasing demands for mobility and guaranteed quality, new technologies with new capabilities, such as 4G and 5G networks, have appeared to meet the needs of users. Indeed, 4G networks are constantly striving to improve the services offered and guarantee a certain level of quality of service (QoS). The 5G standard promises ultrafast speeds and an end to congestion in mobile networks. This technology is expected to revolutionize mobile networks and create new economic opportunities. In this context, the purpose of this article is a detailed comparison of 4G and 5G technologies. Thus, we outline the various characteristics of 4G systems, that is, their contribution and their behavior in terms of maintaining QoS. We will also evaluate the efficiency of virtualization and mobile edge computing in modern networks.
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9

Stegnar, Mojca, Pavel Uhrin, Polona Peternel, Alenka Mavri, Barbara Salobir-Pajnič, Janez Stare, and Bernd R. Binder. "The 4G/5G Sequence Polymorphism in the Promoter of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene: Relationship to Plasma PAI-1 Level in Venous Thromboembolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 79, no. 05 (1998): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615105.

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SummaryImpaired fibrinolysis due to increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is observed in up to 40% of patients with venous thromboembolism and might be causally related to the disease. There is evidence that genetic variations in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene and metabolic factors contribute to increased plasma PAI-1 levels.A single nucleotide insertion/deletion (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene and metabolic factors were studied in 158 unrelated patients below the age of 61 years (43 ± 11 years, mean ± standard deviation) with history of objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism and in 145 apparently healthy controls.Patients had on average two times higher PAI activity (11.9 vs. 6.1 IU/ml) and by 40% higher PAI-1 antigen (14.8 vs. 10.7 ng/ml) than healthy controls, and also higher body mass index, lipid levels, fasting glucose and insulin. Patients differed significantly from healthy controls neither in the frequency of the 4G and 5G alleles (0.57/0.43 in patients and 0.52/0.48 in controls) nor in the distribution of the 4G/5G genotypes. Possession of the 4G/4G or the 4G/5G genotype did not increase relative risk for venous thromboembolic disease and the distribution of the 4G/5G genotypes was neither associated with recurrent nor with spontaneous disease. In patients association between the 4G/5G genotypes and PAI activity (adjusted for body mass index, triglyceride and glucose level) was observed, with the highest PAI activity values in the 4G/4G genotype (14.6 IU/ml), intermediate in the 4G/5G genotype (13.3 IU/ml) and the lowest in the 5G/5G genotype (5.2 IU/ml, all values means). Association between PAI activity and triglyceride level was the strongest in the 4G/4G genotype (correlation coefficient r = 0.47, p <0.01) and the weakest in the 5G/5G genotype (r = -0.04, not significant).In conclusion, the present case-control study shows an association between the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene and plasma PAI-1 levels in patients with venous thromboembolism. Similar distribution of the 4G/5G genotypes in patients and healthy controls suggests that this genetic variation by itself is not a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism.
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10

Jung, Jihak, and Jaehoon Choi. "A concurrent multiband CMOS low-noise amplifier for 4G standard receivers." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, no. 4 (February 27, 2014): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.28226.

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Дисертації з теми "4G standard"

1

Rodriguez, Duenas Saul Alejandro. "Multi-Band Multi-Standard CMOS Receiver Front-Ends for 4G Mobile Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och tillämpad fysik, MAP, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11310.

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Анотація:
The development of the transistor and its continuous down-scaling has allowed during the last decades the appearance of cheap wireless communication systems targeting consumer products. The complexity of these systems has increased dramatically during the last years, mainly fueled by both the Moore law and improvements in communication theory. Originally, the radio transceivers were composed of only a few transistors, and supported simple analog modulation schemes. Currently, radio transceivers are composed of thousands of transistors including not only radio/analog blocks but also a huge amount of digital circuitry as well. These radios use advanced digital modulation schemes, channel coding, and multiple access schemes. Despite the fact that digital circuits currently offer an impressive performance, pure digital signal processing of radio signals remains limited for relatively low frequencies below a few hundred MHz. On the other hand, frequency bands used in current mobile applications span from around 800MHz up to 6 GHz and hence demand the use of analog circuits to down-convert the radio signals to lower frequencies that are suitable for digital processing. The group of circuits that form this part of the receiver is known as the radio receiver front-end. The design of modern radio receiver front-ends has many challenges. One requirement is support of a multitude of standards with bands that are scattered all along the mobile radio spectrum. Accordingly, the noise and linearity specifications for these front-ends are very stringent. Also, these specifications have to be accomplished using low-power, low-cost, highly integrated circuit solutions. This thesis presents the design of multi-band multi-standard receiver front-ends for fourth generation mobile communications. A novel methodology that speeds up the development of multi-band multi-standard RF blocks by automating some steps in the design is shown. Examples of submicron and nanometer CMOS wideband receiver front-ends targeting 4G mobile applications are presented. New techniques for inductorless wideband front-ends using current-mode technology are presented. Finally, novel RF calibration techniques to cope with process, voltage, and temperature variations in modern CMOS processes are demonstrated.
QC 20100806
RaMSiS
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2

Пушкарьов, В. В., В. М. Безрук та О. П. Малінін. "Еволюція і розвиток поколінь мобільних систем від 3G до 5G". Thesis, ХНУРЕ, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/16485.

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Анотація:
5G - (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) a name used in scientific papers and projects for designations of the following main phases of mobile telecommunications standards after 4G standards. Currently, 5G is not official term, use for any particular specifications or in any official documents prior to publication telecommunications companies or standards bodies, such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum and ITU-R. 5G telecommunication networks should solve the problems that are present in 4G networks. The 5G standard is a new stage in the development of technologies that will provide unlimited access to the network of users and devices.
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3

Avgousti, Sotiris. "Plateforme de vidéo mobile de télé-échographie robotisée sur un réseau 4G-LTE." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2029/document.

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Анотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est le déploiement et l'évaluation d'une plate-forme de télé-échographie mobile, utilisée pour fournir un diagnostic et des soins à distance dans des milieux médicalement isolés. La plateforme intègre de nouveaux concepts qui permettent de l’utilisation de la télé-échographie robotisée sur les réseaux sans fil 3G, 4G et 5G pour satisfaire au transfert de qualité des vidéos ultrasonores pour un diagnostic médical robuste. Ce travail contribue au domaine des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication appliquées au secteur de la santé et en particulier à la robotique médicale téléopérée. Les principales contributions de la thèse sont : I. Un état de l’art des systèmes télé-robotiques appliqués au médical menée sur la base de publications écrites entre 2004 et 2016, II. L'évaluation objective et subjective (clinique) de la qualité vidéo a démontré que les normes H.264/AVC et HEVC peuvent atteindre une qualité vidéo sans perte de diagnostic à des débits (1024 et 2048 Kbps) bien en deçà des débits de données supportés par les réseaux 4G. Les normes de codage vidéo antérieures (Mpeg-4, Mpeg-2) ne peuvent pas être utilisées pour le diagnostic clinique à ces débits car elles présentent une perte d'information pour le diagnostic médical, III. Les experts médicaux ont apprécié la réactivité dynamique mécanique de la plate-forme en raison du faible délai présenté par les canaux LTE. La limitation la plus importante soulevée par l'expert médical, empêchant une évaluation globale clinique favorable au diagnostic, était le positionnement initial du robot sur le corps du patient et son déplacement vers l'obtention d’une échographie cardiaque, Les résultats fournissent une forte indication que la plate-forme télé-échographie robotisée peut être utilisée pour fournir un diagnostic fiable et à distance sur les réseaux sans fil émergents 4G et au-delà
The objective of this Thesis was the deployment and evaluation of an end-to-end mobile tele-echography platform used to provide remote diagnosis and care within medically isolated settings. The platform integrates new concepts that enable robotized tele-echography over commercially available 4G and beyond mobile networks for rendering diagnostically robust medical ultrasound video. It contributes to the field of Information and Communication technologies applied in the healthcare sector. The main contributions of the Thesis are: I. A systematic review on the state of the art in medical telerobotic systems was conducted based on publications of the last decade, and more specifically between the years 2004 to 2016. II. Both objective and subjective (clinical) video quality assessment demonstrated that H.264/AVC and HEVC standards can achieve diagnostically-lossless video quality at bitrates (1024 and 2048 Kbps) well within the LTE supported data rates. Earlier video coding standards (Mpeg-4 & Mpeg-2) cannot be employed for clinical diagnosis at these rates as they present loss of clinical information.III. Medical experts highly appreciated the proposed platform’s mechanical dynamic responsiveness due to the low end-to-end delay (latency) facilitated by LTE-channels. The most important limitation raised by the medical expert and prevented higher overall rating and ultimately clinical QoE was the robot initial positioning on the patient’s body and navigation towards obtaining the cardiac ultrasound. IV. Results provides a strong indication that the proposed robotized tele-echography platform can be used to provide reliable, remote diagnosis over emerging 4G and beyond wireless networks
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Книги з теми "4G standard"

1

Khan, Farooq. LTE for 4G mobile broadband: Air interface technologies and performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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2

An introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-advanced, SAE, and 4G mobile communications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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3

Cox, Christopher. An introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-advanced, SAE, and 4G mobile communications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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4

LTE for 4G mobile broadband: Air interface technologies and performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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5

Gavrilov, Leonid. Information technologies in commerce. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085795.

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The textbook discusses the technologies of the digital economy in commerce: visualization systems, virtual and mixed reality technologies, risk management, budgeting and planning, service-oriented enterprise architecture. The use of intelligent information systems in the work of the enterprise and for forecasting sales, scoring, combating fraud in the banking sector and trade; wireless information networks of 4G and 5G standards, Internet of Things networks, mobile technologies in the work of retail and wholesale enterprises is shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Trade business".
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6

Cox, Christopher. Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE and 4G Mobile Communications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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7

Cox, Christopher. Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE and 4G Mobile Communications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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8

Cox, Christopher. Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE and 4G Mobile Communications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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9

Cox, Christopher. Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE, VoLTE and 4G Mobile Communications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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10

Cox, Christopher. Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE, VoLTE and 4G Mobile Communications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "4G standard"

1

Ke, Yi, Jan Craninkx, and Georges Gielen. "Multi-standard Continuous-Time Sigma–Delta Converters for 4G Radios." In Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems, 203–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9917-5_9.

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2

Gangula, Rajeswara Rao, and Sasibhushana Rao Gottapu. "BER Analysis of LTE-4G Standard Rayleigh Flat Fading Channel with Adaptive Modulation." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 355–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8204-7_36.

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3

Donelli, Massimo. "Reconfigurable Antenna Systems for the Next Generation Devices Based on 4G/5G Standard." In Research Anthology on Developing and Optimizing 5G Networks and the Impact on Society, 44–65. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7708-0.ch003.

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Анотація:
This article is devoted to showing the applications of innovative reconfigurable antenna systems suitable for the next generation 4G/5G devices. Microwave antenna technology can be very useful for next generation devices based on 4G/5G standards. Next generation tablets and smartphones based on 4G/5G standards will require high bandwidth and high velocity channels with respect to conventional devices. This work tries to present a complete overview of possible applications of advanced antenna technologies for 4G/5G devices and systems. Methodologies, such as phased and fully adaptive arrays, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on compact Rotman lenses or butler matrices, development of innovate reconfigurable antennas based on reconfigurable parasitic structures or new materials such as graphene, and unconventional modulation techniques have been investigated in this work. The work ends with some conclusions and considerations related to ideas for future works.
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4

Manjaiah, D. H., and P. Payaswini. "Design Issues of 4G-Network Mobility Management." In Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks, 634–62. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8751-6.ch028.

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Fourth Generation wireless networking (4G network) is expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks. In this environment, roaming is seamless and users are always connected to the best network. Moreover, 4G networks will be packet switched systems entirely based on the IPv6 protocol. The essentiality of Quality of Service (QoS) and the heterogeneous nature of 4G pose high demands onto the mobility management technology. Due to this, one of the most challenging research areas for the 4G network is the design of intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access technologies. In order to address the issue of heterogeneity of the networks, IEEE 802.21 working group proposed Media Independent Handover (MIH). The scope of the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard is to develop a specification that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous media. The IEEE 802.21 group defines the media independent handover function that will help mobile devices to roam across heterogeneous networks and stationary devices to switch over to any of the available heterogeneous networks around it.
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5

Manjaiah, D. H., and P. Payaswini. "Design Issues of 4G-Network Mobility Management." In Advances in Secure Computing, Internet Services, and Applications, 210–38. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4940-8.ch011.

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Fourth Generation wireless networking (4G network) is expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks. In this environment, roaming is seamless and users are always connected to the best network. Moreover, 4G networks will be packet switched systems entirely based on the IPv6 protocol. The essentiality of Quality of Service (QoS) and the heterogeneous nature of 4G pose high demands onto the mobility management technology. Due to this, one of the most challenging research areas for the 4G network is the design of intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access technologies. In order to address the issue of heterogeneity of the networks, IEEE 802.21 working group proposed Media Independent Handover (MIH). The scope of the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard is to develop a specification that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous media. The IEEE 802.21 group defines the media independent handover function that will help mobile devices to roam across heterogeneous networks and stationary devices to switch over to any of the available heterogeneous networks around it.
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6

Zain, Aini Syuhada Md, Abid Yahya, Mohd Fareq Abd Malek, and Normaliza Omar. "Developing Wireless Network Design in 4G Long Term Evolution for Healthcare." In Handbook of Research on ICTs and Management Systems for Improving Efficiency in Healthcare and Social Care, 503–17. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3990-4.ch026.

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The current growth of mobile data usage and emergence of new applications have greatly motivated the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to work on Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is the most recent standard in the mobile network technology to be developed based on GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies with the aim of optimizing the capacity and speed of 3G mobile communication networks. In this chapter, the structures and features of fourth generation (4G) LTE are investigated at the early stages of telemedical research. The chapter also provides a comparison of WiMAX and LTE standards on various aspects, as well as the potential of technology in healthcare applications. Issues and challenges of wireless technologies in healthcare applications and services are finally presented.
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7

Ukil, Arijit. "Advanced Scheduling Schemes in 4G Systems." In Wireless Technologies, 2108–57. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-101-6.ch809.

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The deterministic factor for 4G wireless technologies is to successfully deliver high value services such as voice, video, real-time data with well defined Quality of Service (QoS), which has strict prerequisite of throughput, delay, latency and jitter. This requirement should be achieved with minimum use of limited shared resources. This constraint leads to the development and implementation of scheduling policy which along with adaptive physical layer design completely exploit the frequency, temporal and spatial dimensions of the resource space of multi-user system to achieve the best system-level performance. The basic goal for scheduling is to allocate the users with the network resources in a channel aware way primarily as a function of time and frequency to satisfy individual user’s service request delivery (QoS guarantee) and overall system performance optimization. Advanced scheduling schemes consider cross-layer optimization principle, where to fully optimize wireless broadband networks; both the challenges from the physical medium and the QoS-demands from the applications are to be taken into account. Cross-layer optimization needs to be accomplished by the design philosophy of jointly optimizing the physical, media access control, and link layer, while leveraging the standard IP network architecture. Cross-layer design approaches are critical for efficient utilization of the scarce radio resources with QoS provisioning in 4G wireless networks and beyond. The scheduler, in a sense, becomes the focal point for achieving any cross-layer optimization, given that the system design allows for this. The scheduler uses information from the physical layer up to the application layer to make decisions and perform optimization. This is a fundamental advantage over a system where the intelligence is distributed throughout the all entities of the network. In this chapter, the authors present an overview of the basic scheduling schemes as well as investigate advanced scheduling schemes particularly in OFDMA and packet scheduling schemes in all-IP based 4G systems. Game theoretic approach of distributed scheduling, which is of particular importance in wireless ad hoc networks, will also be discussed. 4G wireless networks are mostly MIMO based which introduces another degree of freedom for optimization, i.e. spatial dimension, for which scheduling in MIMO systems is very much complicated and computation intensive. MIMO resource allocation and scheduling is also covered in this chapter. The key research challenges in 4G wireless networks like LTE, WiMAX and the future research direction for scheduling problems in 4G networks are also presented in this chapter.
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8

Araniti, Giuseppe, Massimo Condoluci, and Antonella Molinaro. "Resource Management of Multicast Services Over LTE." In Convergence of Broadband, Broadcast, and Cellular Network Technologies, 77–93. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5978-0.ch004.

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Анотація:
In recent years, mobile operators are observing a growing demand of multicast services over radio cellular networks. In this scenario, multicasting is the technology exploited to serve a group of users which simultaneously request the same data content. Since multicast applications are expected to be massively exchanged over Fourth Generation (4G) systems, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defined the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) standard. MBMS allows supporting multicast services over Long Term Evolution (LTE), the 4G wireless technology able to provide high quality services in mobile environments. Nevertheless, several issues related to the management of MBMS services are still open. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the challenges in supporting multicast services over LTE with particular attention to resource management, considered the key aspect for an effective provisioning of MBMS services over cellular networks.
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9

Elsadek, Walaa Farouk, and Mikhail N. Mikhail. "SRMIP." In Research Anthology on Developing and Optimizing 5G Networks and the Impact on Society, 538–62. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7708-0.ch022.

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Анотація:
Existing mobility protocols suffer from multimedia and data transfer disruption when crossing cities' boundaries by trains or cars. Session continuity in wide area motion is an officially raised goal by 5G-PPP vision. This research adopts 5G methodology by using software defined networking to propose a new mobile IP framework that facilitates seamless handover and ensures session continuity in standard and wide area coverage. The same uninterruptible experience is used to extend smart indoor services with effective offload mechanism to avoid core network congestion. Performance excels existing protocols in setup and handover delays as of eliminating 4G LTE bearer setup/release out-band signaling and isolating user's packets in OpenFlow virtual path that is recursively established in-line with IP address allocation. Handover cross cities in wide area motion becomes feasible with lower latency than LTE handover inside city. Throughput is instantly restored after handover while standard packets are wire speed forwarded as of tunnel headers' elimination and OpenFlow hardware abstraction.
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10

Araniti, Giuseppe, Massimo Condoluci, Sara Pizzi, and Antonella Molinaro. "Resource Management of Mixed Unicast and Multicast Services Over LTE." In Paving the Way for 5G Through the Convergence of Wireless Systems, 84–99. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7570-2.ch004.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
In recent years, mobile operators are observing a growing demand of multicast services over radio cellular networks. In this scenario, multicasting is the technology exploited to serve a group of users who simultaneously request the same data content. Since multicast applications are expected to be massively exchanged over the forthcoming fifth generation (5G) systems, the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) defined the multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) standard. MBMS supports multicast services over long-term evolution (LTE), and the 4G wireless technology provides high quality services in mobile environments. Nevertheless, several issues related to the management of MBMS services together with more traditional unicast services are still open. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the main challenges in supporting heterogeneous traffic over LTE with particular attention to resource management, considered as the key aspect for an effective provisioning of mobile multimedia services over cellular networks.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4G standard"

1

Pathak, Shantanu. "Next Generation 4G WiMAX Networks - IEEE 802.16 Standard." In The Fourth International Workshop on Computer Networks & Communications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2012.2450.

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2

Chavet, C., F. Lozachmeur, T. Barguil, A. S. Hussein, and P. Coussy. "Solving Memory Access Conflicts in LTE-4G Standard." In ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682287.

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3

Zhao, Zongyang, Jad G. Atallah, Ana Rusu, and Mohammed Ismail. "Vertical Handover for 4G Multi-Standard Wireless Transceivers." In 2007 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS '07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2007.4511250.

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4

Sedani, Bhavin, Dipesh Kamdar, and Kavita Monpara. "A novel approach of video compression over 4g system using H.265 standard." In 2017 International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici.2017.8365219.

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5

Laraki, Abdelhamid, Driss El Ouadghiri, and Abdellah Jamali. "4G receiver: Modeling of a multi-standard transceiver and study of algorithm control." In 2013 20th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictel.2013.6632163.

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6

Breschel, Michael, Peter Almers, Fredrik Angsmark, Alberth Arvidsson, Harald Bauer, Kees van Berkel, Joaquin Canovas, et al. "10.8 A multi-standard 2G/3G/4G Cellular modem supporting carrier aggregation in 28nm CMOS." In 2014 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2014.6757395.

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7

Rothbaum, David, and Nabil Debsi. "Improving Rail Connectivity Through 3GPP Technology." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2342.

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Анотація:
In order to conduct rail operations safely and securely, operators need reliable train connectivity. With the advent of Intelligent Transport Systems, there are increased demands from this connectivity. This paper introduces the capabilities of 3GPP standard radio technology to meet the railway operator’s connectivity needs using a unified radio infrastructure. 3GPP is the 3rd Generation Partnership Project and provides the standards known to the public as 3G or 4G mobile telecommunications provided by the cellular phone operators. Recent developments in 3GPP standards make the technology suitable for use in both urban and mainline rail environments based on a private 4G LTE network owned and operated by the railroad agency. Since the 3GPP standard equipment ecosystem is shared by mobile operators, public safety agencies, utilities, and airports, the equipment cost is reduced compared to proprietary wireless techniques due to economies of scale. Using a dedicated radio network, all rail applications requiring wireless connectivity can traverse over a single radio infrastructure. These rail applications include: CCTV real time passenger surveillance, mission critical push-to-talk voice, train control signalling (CBTC, ETCS or PTC), train telemetry, including real-time condition-based monitoring and passenger information systems. Using Quality of Service prioritization and pre-emption inherent to the LTE radio system, the mission critical railway applications always receive priority over non-mission critical functions. The FCC has recently announced the availability of the 3.5 GHz band to the public based on spectrum sharing. Spectrum sharing could be an acceptable option for railway application, provided it was given priority for mission critical functions. Current advances in LTE radio, notably Massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna arrays, can provide coverage in 3.5 GHz band to a distance of over 1400 yards — which is less than the typical distance between stations. this transit agency dedicated network. Alternately sharing spectrum with Firstnet 700 MHz band should be explored.
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8

Nasralla, Moustafa M., Manzoor Razaak, Ikram Rehman, and Maria G. Martini. "A Comparative Performance Evaluation of the HEVC Standard with its Predecessor H.264/AVC for Medical videos over 4G and beyond Wireless Networks." In 2018 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csit.2018.8486153.

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9

Nikodem, Jan, Maciej Nikodem, Paweł Gawłowski, and Ryszard Klempous. "Training system for first response medical emergency groups to guide triage procedures." In the 8th International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.iwish.005.

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"The work presents training system which provides a structured, simple and practical approach to triage training, for first response paramedic and emergency medical services personnel, as implementation of the triaging procedures in mass casualty accidents. The proposed training system allows to train the procedures at all three levels of hierarchical chain of strategic, tactical and executive command management. It provides reliable connectivity at the scene based on Bluetooth Low Energy standard or Internet connection with the use of mobile 4G LTE communication networks infrastructure. In training system we use simulators of vital human signs based on mobile devices, which generate so-called the victim's life cycle chart, consisting of the heartbeats and respiratory rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and capillary refill time, used as the basis for triage categorization. Presented training system increases trainees competence level in executive as well as control and governance skills."
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10

Trinh, L. H., F. Ferrero, R. Staraj, and J.-M. Ribero. "Mobile phone antenna for 2G, 3G and 4G standards." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atc.2013.6698105.

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