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1
Werra, Matthias, Axel Sturm, and Ferit Küçükay. "Optimal and prototype dimensioning of 48V P0+P4 hybrid drivetrains." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 16, 2020): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00071-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents a virtual toolchain for the optimal concept and prototype dimensioning of 48 V hybrid drivetrains. First, this toolchain is used to dimension the drivetrain components for a 48 V P0+P4 hybrid which combines an electric machine in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine and a second electric machine at the rear axle. On an optimal concept level, the power and gear ratios of the electric components in the 48 V system are defined for the best fuel consumption and performance. In the second step, the optimal P0+P4 drivetrain is simulated with a prototype model using a realistic rule-based operating strategy to determine realistic behavior in legal cycles and customer operation. The optimal variant shows a fuel consumption reduction in the Worldwide harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle of 13.6 % compared to a conventional vehicle whereas the prototype simulation shows a relatively higher savings potential of 14.8 %. In the prototype simulation for customer operation, the 48 V hybrid drivetrain reduces the fuel consumption by up to 24.6 % in urban areas due to a high amount of launching and braking events. Extra-urban and highway areas show fuel reductions up to 11.6 % and 4.2 %, respectively due to higher vehicle speed and power requirements. The presented virtual toolchain can be used to combine optimal concept dimensioning with close to reality behaviour simulations to maximise realistic statements and minimize time effort.
2
Yuan, Jingni, and Lin Yang. "Predictive energy management strategy for connected 48V hybrid electric vehicles." Energy 187 (November 2019): 115952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115952.
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Lee, SoDuk, Jeff Cherry, Michael Safoutin, Joseph McDonald, and Michael Olechiw. "Modeling and Validation of 48V Mild Hybrid Lithium-Ion Battery Pack." SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains 7, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0433.
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kumar, Surender, and R. S. Bharj. "Energy consumption of solar hybrid 48V operated mini mobile cold storage." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 455 (December 19, 2018): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/455/1/012049.
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Shin, Hyunki, Donghyuk Jung, Manbae Han, Seungwoo Hong, and Donghee Han. "Minimization of Torque Deviation of Cylinder Deactivation Engine through 48V Mild-Hybrid Starter-Generator Control." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cylinder deactivation (CDA) is an effective technique to improve fuel economy in spark ignition (SI) engines. This technique enhances volumetric efficiency and reduces throttling loss. However, practical implementation is restricted due to torque fluctuations between individual cylinders that cause noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues. To ease torque deviation of the CDA, we propose an in-cylinder pressure based 48V mild-hybrid starter-generator (MHSG) control strategy. The target engine realizes CDA with a specialized engine configuration of separated intake manifolds to independently control the airflow into the cylinders. To handle the complexity of the combined CDA and mild-hybrid system, GT-POWER simulation environment was integrated with a SI turbulent combustion model and 48V MHSG model with actual part specifications. The combustion model is essential for in-cylinder pressure-based control; thus, it is calibrated with actual engine experimental data. The modeling results demonstrate the precise accuracy of the engine cylinder pressures and of quantities such as MAF, MAP, BMEP, and IMEP. The proposed control algorithm also showed remarkable control performance, achieved by instantaneous torque calculation and dynamic compensation, with a 99% maximum reduction rate of engine torque deviation under target CDA operations.
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Jeong, Kiyun, Seongmin Ha, and Hyeongcheol Lee. "Supervisory Control Algorithm Design of a 48V 4WD Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Fuel Efficiency Analysis." Transaction of The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2018.26.1.131.
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Utama, Didi Widya, Kennard Dharmmabakti, and Asrul Aziz. "SISTEM KONTROL PADA KENDARAAN RODA DUA BERPENGGERAK HIBRIDA." POROS 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v12i2.569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: This hybrid motorcycle design is to combine 5.65kW gasoline engine and 48V DC 0.5kW electrical brushless motor in serial-parallel type. Master control unit use a microcontroller ATMega16 to control gasoline engine and electrical motor alternately. Speed sensor is placed on the rear wheel to detect the motorcycle’s speed. When the motorcycle’s speed reaches the top threshold at 30km/h, it driven with gasoline engine and when the motorcycle’s speed getting lower to the bottom threshold at 5km/h, it changes with electrical motor. Battery charged with plug-in system to power supply.
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RAO, A. V. MOHAN, and S. N. CHINTALAPUDI. "ALPHA PARTICLE INDUCED REACTIONS ON VANADIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 03, no. 03 (September 1994): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301394000267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alpha particle-induced reactions on the target element vanadium were investigated from threshold up to 55 MeV using the foil-stack activation technique and the Ge(Li) gamma ray spectroscopy method. Excitation functions for the formation of reaction residues 54Mn, 52Mn, 51Cr, 48V, 47Sc, 46Sc were investigated. The experimental cross-sections were compared with the predictions based on updated hybrid model (ALICE/90) using n0=4 (4p0h) and level density parameter a=A/9. A general agreement was found for all the reactions of (α, xn) type. However, the model failed badly in all cases of (α, zαxn) type of reactions.
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Liu, Zifan, Andrej Ivanco, and Zoran S. Filipi. "Impacts of Real-World Driving and Driver Aggressiveness on Fuel Consumption of 48V Mild Hybrid Vehicle." SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1166.
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Yu, Chao, Guangji Ji, Chao Zhang, John Abbott, Mingshen Xu, Pieter Ramaekers, and Jianxiang Lu. "Cost-efficient Thermal Management for a 48V Li-ion Battery in a Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Automotive Innovation 1, no. 4 (November 2018): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-018-0043-7.
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Nguyen Van, Trang, Tan Nguyen Duy, and Anh Tuấn Phạm. "A study on optimizing the characteristics of lithium-ion battery power source and operating cost for hybrid motorcycle." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (January 23, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a research related to a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Motorcycle (HEM) which renovated from a Honda Lead 110cc with rear wheel is driven by original internal combustion engine and continuously variable transmission, while front wheel is directly-driven by a 48V – 1,000W BLDC Hub-Motor. The research focuses on optimal calculating, designing, prototyping and testing an electric power supply using Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack to replace the lead–acid battery. The simulation and experimental results are able to evaluate the dynamic characteristics and operating cost of HEM. The study has been designed and prototyed a 48V – 33Ah Li-ion battery pack with a Battery Management System (BMS) circuit embeded on the vehicle. The battery pack is 10.84 (kg) weight and 8.11 (l) volume, reduced 30 (kg) and 12.89 liters compared to the lead-acid battery where battery life is greater than 2,000 cycles. In only electric motor mode, the longest distance of the HEM is 78.77 (km) for a half load, only driver, and 65.83 (km) for full load, one driver, and one passenger. Maximum speed is 52.67 (km/h) for a half load and 48.42 (km/h) for full load. In hybrid mode until SOC reduce to 50%, HEM can travel 64.366 (km) for a half load and 54.477 (km) for full load. The fuel consumption in the each case is 2.162 and 2.425 (l/100km), 0.5 liter lower than the original one and 0.3 liter lower than lead-acid battery. The cost of investment in HEM is 56 million VND and the operating cost is 1,106 VND/km, while the original vehicles are 40 million VND and 1,352 (VND/km). For every 1km using hybrid vehicles, 246.88 VND will be saved, after about 3.1 years, it will recoup the spending on investment. At the end of the motorcycle life cycle is about 200,000 km, and 43 million VND will be saved.
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Abidin, Shaiful Fadzil Zainal, Amir Khalid, Sophia Zanalli, Izzarief Zahari, Rifqi Irzuan Abdul Jalal, Mohd Azman Abas, and Hasan Koten. "The effect of 48V mild hybrid technology on fuel consumption of a passenger car by using simulation cycle." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28 (December 2021): 101492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101492.
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Liu, Zifan, Andrej Ivanco, and Simona Onori. "Aging characterization and modeling of nickel-manganese-cobalt lithium-ion batteries for 48V mild hybrid electric vehicle applications." Journal of Energy Storage 21 (February 2019): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.11.016.
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Ali, Syed Hassaan, Humza Akhtar, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Fazeel Mutahir, and Muhammad Atif. "Utilization of a DC Brushless Hub Motor as an Alternator in Drive Train of Fuel Efficient Series Hybrid Urban Class Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While designing the drive train of a Series Hybrid Vehicle fuel efficient vehicle for Shell Eco Marathon Asia 2010, The most important issue was the coupling of Engine and Alternator. The major problem faced while doing so is the compatibility check of alternator with the engine as most locally available alternators were not capable enough to provide 48V at rated power of the engine required for operation of hub motors used in the drive train. In order to overcome this problem, it was decided that Magic Pie DC Brushless Hub motors may be used as improvised alternators, as the regenerative abilities of these motors provide an excellent platform to use it as an alternator and are fairly efficient as well. Many small mechanical modifications and mathematical calculations were done in order to achieve this goal.
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Koffi, Jules Yao, Koita Mohamed Sako, Blaise Kamenan Koua, Paul Magloire Ekoun Koffi, Yao Nguessan, and Alphonse Kouadio Diango. "Study and Optimization of a Hybrid Power Generation System to Power Kalakala, a Remote Locality in Northern Côte d'Ivoire." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 1 (October 29, 2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.38492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the results of a study to optimize the production of electricity, by hybrid system Photovoltaic – Diesel – Batteries, to power the village of Kalakala in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. The study site is an isolated rural community, powered by a diesel generator. It is located in northern Côte d'Ivoire. HOMER software has been used for system simulation and optimization. The result of this study is then compared to those of PV - Batteries and diesel alone systems. From the results of the simulations, it appears that the optimal combination of the hybrid system includes a diesel generator of 50 kW, a photovoltaic field of 46 kW, 10 batteries of 48V and a converter of 100 kW. With a photovoltaic penetration rate of 52.7%, this system, compared to the photovoltaic - batteries system, reduces the photovoltaic field by 56%, the number of batteries by 61.5% and increases battery life by 42.84%. Compared to diesel alone, it reduces fuel consumption and the quantity of CO2 by 60% and improves diesel efficiency by 17%. The cost of generating electricity for the hybrid system is €0.373/kWh compared to €0.466 and €0.608/kWh respectively, for the PV-Batteries and diesel alone systems. The hybrid system with the best technical, economic and environmental performance could be a good alternative for generating electricity in remote communities.
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Madhu, M. C., K. Badari Narayana, and J. Krishna Kishore. "Hybrid DC-AC homes with roof top solar power." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper investigates the feasibility of a hybrid DC-AC home with roof top solar power. In recent times, roof top solar power has become popular for residential homes. Generally, the power obtained from roof-top solar panels is converted to AC with a power control unit and routed to the existing wiring network of the houses designed essentially to support the Electric Utilities which deliver AC power. Solar power with DC bus routing power to various sub-units and Brushless DC (BLDC) motor-based systems have been successfully flown in satellites for decades. The study presents the possibility of having a dedicated DC bus (24V / 48V) in the home connected directly to roof-top solar panels along with the traditional wiring network to support AC power (220-230V) from Electric Utilities. The recent success of the BLDC based home appliances further highlights the potential. This will also help to benefit from higher efficiency due to BLDC and avoid the conversion losses as home appliances that can run on DC power are presently available. It is now possible to have an independent local Roof Top solar power-based DC home-grid to support lighting circuit and home-appliances that operate on DC power. The existing wiring network for AC can continue to support high power equipment like motors, boilers, washing machines etc., It will also simplify the power control unit as the traditional inverter portion is avoided. Thus, the proposed hybrid DC-AC home needs be viewed in terms of an overall green approach which will be a paradigm shift for energy efficiency and lower carbon footprint. It has the potential to boost the sale of DC home appliances.
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Madhu, M. C., K. Badari Narayana, and J. Krishna Kishore. "Hybrid DC-AC homes with roof top solar power." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper investigates the feasibility of a hybrid DC-AC home with roof top solar power. In recent times, roof top solar power has become popular for residential homes. Generally, the power obtained from roof-top solar panels is converted to AC with a power control unit and routed to the existing wiring network of the houses designed essentially to support the Electric Utilities which deliver AC power. Solar power with DC bus routing power to various sub-units and Brushless DC (BLDC) motor-based systems have been successfully flown in satellites for decades. The study presents the possibility of having a dedicated DC bus (24V / 48V) in the home connected directly to roof-top solar panels along with the traditional wiring network to support AC power (220-230V) from Electric Utilities. The recent success of the BLDC based home appliances further highlights the potential. This will also help to benefit from higher efficiency due to BLDC and avoid the conversion losses as home appliances that can run on DC power are presently available. It is now possible to have an independent local Roof Top solar power-based DC home-grid to support lighting circuit and homeappliances that operate on DC power. The existing wiring network for AC can continue to support high power equipment like motors, boilers, washing machines etc., It will also simplify the power control unit as the traditional inverter portion is avoided. Thus, the proposed hybrid DC-AC home needs be viewed in terms of an overall green approach which will be a paradigm shift for energy efficiency and lower carbon footprint. It has the potential to boost the sale of DC home appliances.
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Chang, Chun-Hsin, Hsuan-Yung Chang, Yi-Hsuan Hung, Chien-Hsun Wu, and Ji-Jia Xu. "System Designs and Experimental Assessment of a Seven-Mode Vehicle-Oriented Hybrid Powertrain Platform." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study developed a mechatronics platform for a seven-mode vehicle-oriented powertrain system. The innovative “all-in-one” concept was used for flexibly arranging various power or energy sources to be combined for various hybrid powertrains. Hence, it significantly reduces the cost and human resources for evaluating new-type power systems or developed vehicle control strategies on the same experimental platform. In this study, three power sources were chosen for providing hybrid power. The first source is a 125 c.c. spark ignition (SI) engine, where a controllable throttle valve governs the output torque, while a fuel meter measures the consumed fuel. The second one is a 1.5kW hub motor, where a motor control unit (MCU) and a 48V lithium battery pack properly provide the required electric power. The third source is an air engine, where a 220V air compressor and other components provide the pneumatic power. For the experimental platform, a developed Matlab/Simulink package receives the measured signals and sends the control commands to actuators. Through the on/off state control of three controllable e-clutches, three single-source modes, three dual-source modes, and one three-source mode (3+3+1) can be conducted. A 1.1kW/24V magnetic powder brake emulates the road load. The results show that three dual-source modes and a three-source mode were successfully operated. The efficiencies, torques and speeds, mass flow rates, etc. have been measured and calculated. This platform is aimed for the research fields of green energies, advanced powertrains, and power flow management.
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Sreedhar, Sunil, Jason B. Siegel, and Saemin Choi. "Topology Comparison for 48V Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System * *This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through an SBIR Grant." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 4733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.864.
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Liu, Van Tsai, and Chien Hao Hsu. "Development of Serial-Connected High Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Single Switch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a novel high step-up DC-DC converter has been designed for fuel cell applications. The proposed high step-up converter can be used for various portable energy storage components such as fuel cells which are used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and light electric vehicles (LEV).The proposed converter is integrated by boost circuit, voltage lift capacitor, and coupled-inductor techniques to achieve high step-up voltage and has several advantages. First, the circuit is controlled by one single pulse width modulation (PWM). Second, the converter consists of active clamp circuit to recycle the leakage inductance and send to output capacitor so that the voltage spike on active switch is suppressed and efficiency is also improved. Third, by using the winding of secondary boost circuit, and voltage lift capacitor techniques, the high voltage gain can be achieved without more than 50% duty ratio, and the slope compensation circuit can also be simplified.Finally, a 1k W prototype converter is implemented, to verify the performance of the proposed converter with input voltage 48V, output voltage 400V, and output power 1k W is also achieved. The highest efficiency is 92.96% at 400W, and the full-load efficiency is up to 90.48%.
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Costa, Michela, Gaia Martoriello, and Raffaele Tuccillo. "Modelling of an innovative and autonomous micro-grid based on a biomass - solar PV hybrid power system." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123802003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Micro-Combined heat and power (m-CHP) systems fuelled by renewables, such as residual biomasses, are today of great interest to produce energy in an efficient and green way. The aim of the present work is to develop a numerical model of a hybrid energy system including a biomass powered m-CHP unit based on gasification and coupled with solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and to an electrical storage device, able to provide energy to remote areas. Main advantages of the considered configuration are its ultra-low environmental impact and just its autonomous operation by local resources. The developed unsteady multiphysical model accounts for the main plant components, namely the syngas powered engine, the PV panels and the battery, as well for a dynamic use of the produced energy. Main features of the adopted schematization of the actual system rely on the proper description of syngas combustion, that takes into account the extreme difficulty of working with a non-conventional gas, and on a PID control that is considered for energy flow management to meet the electrical demand curve. The PV panel current is calculated through an ad-hoc function that reads, at any given time, actual solar irradiance data in the city of Naples, Italy, the battery voltage and the main parameters of the PV module. The battery, with a voltage of 48V and a capacity of 100kWh, is modelled as an equivalent circuit with its proper State of Charge (SoC) versus Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve. The voltage response to a current at a particular SoC and temperature are calculated. This dynamic modelling permits the optimal control of the whole system to meet the electrical and thermal user’s demand and also to better design any possible change in the storage or PV size to meet specific real uses of the produced energy.
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Demuynck, Joachim, Roland Dauphin, Marta Yugo, Pablo Mendoza Villafuerte, and Dirk Bosteels. "Advanced Emission Controls and Sustainable Renewable Fuels for Low Pollutant and CO2 Emissions on a Diesel Passenger Car." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research efforts into advanced emission control systems led to significant reduction of pollutant emissions of modern internal combustion engines. Sustainable renewable fuels are used to further reduce their Well-to-Wheels greenhouse gas emissions. The novel aspect of this paper is the compatibility investigation of existing advanced emission control technologies for achieving low pollutant emissions with the use of sustainable renewable fuels with vehicle tests. This is done on a diesel demonstrator vehicle, equipped with Lean NOx trap and dual-SCR technologies in combination with a 48V mild-hybrid powertrain. Tailpipe pollutant and CO2 emissions are measured for market diesel fuel with 7% renewable fatty-acid-methyl-ester (FAME) (B7), diesel fuel with 30% FAME (B30), and 100% renewable hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). Results show no significant difference in pollutant emissions between the different fuels used. In a second part of the study, a Well-to-Wheels (WTW) analysis is conducted. This includes different pathways for the biomass-to-liquid fuels that were tested on the vehicle, as well as a power-to-diesel (e-diesel) assessment. Results show that significant WTW CO2 reductions are possibly compared to the state-of-the-art market diesel fuel. Part of this reduction is already possible for the existing fleet as most of paraffinic compounds are drop-in for market diesel fuel.
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Gvozdenovic, Sandra, Jovan Joksimovic, and Dragan Skoric. "Gene effect and combining abilities for plant height and head diameter in sunflower." Genetika 37, no. 1 (2005): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0501057g.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant height and head diameter are important parameters which effect on a yield in sunflower. Six restorer Rf lines, three tester A lines and their 18 Fl hybrids were studied, using line x tester method. Significant differences were found between restorer lines and testers and their Fl hybrids for plant height and head diameter. Regarding the inheritance of examined characteristic, super dominance and dominance of better parent occurred, and the intermediary too. Tester line HA-48A (188.25 cm) and Fl hybrid HA-48A x RHA-SELEUS (245.10 cm) had the highest mean value for plant height, and the lowest value had line RHA-BRE-1 (105.35 cm) and hybrid L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 (147.9 cm). For head diameter, the highest mean value had line L-19A (19.02 cm) and Fl hybrids HA-48A x RHA-TR-20 and L-19A x RHA-TR-20 (24.55 cm), and the lowest line RHA-BRE-1 (13.10 cm) and hybrid HA-26A x RHA-M-72 (20.25 cm). Based on the results, the following conclusion is that lines RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and RHA-SELEUS for head diameter have the best GCA, and the best SCA have hybrids L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and HA-26A x RHA-SELEUS for head diameter. Analyzing components of genetic variance, the nonadditive component played the main role in the inheritance of plant height and the additive of head diameter. The largest average contribution in the expression of plant height had the tester A-lines (83.17%) and for head diameter Rf lines had the greatest influence (58.13%).
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Musundire, L., J. Derera, S. Dari, A. Lagat, and P. Tongoona. "Stability Assessment of Single-Cross Maize Hybrids Using GGE-Biplot Analysis." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n2p78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grain yield potential of new maize hybrid varieties across target environments contributes to the uptake of these varieties by farmers. Evaluation of single-cross hybrids developed from test crossing introgressed inbred lines bred for three distinct environments to elite tropical inbred line testers was carried out. The study’s objective was to assess grain yield stability and genotype adaptability of the single-cross hybrids across South African environments relative to adapted commercial hybrid checks. One hundred and twenty-two introgressed inbred lines developed using the pedigree breeding program were crossed to four tropical elite inbred line testers using line × tester mating design to obtain 488 experimental single cross hybrids. Subject to availability of adequate seed for evaluation, a panel of 444 experimental single-cross hybrids was evaluated using an augmented design in two experiments defined as Population A and B for the study’s convenience in South African environments. Data for grain yield (t/ha) performance for experimental single-cross hybrids and commercial check hybrids in Population A and B across environments and individual environments identified experimental single-cross hybrids that had significant comparable grain yield (t/ha) performance relative to best commercial check hybrid (PAN6Q445B) on the market. The selected experimental single-cross hybrids 225, 89, 246 and 43 (Population A) and 112 (Population B) also had a better average rank position for grain yield (t/ha) relative to best commercial check hybrid. These selected experimental single-cross hybrids had a grain yield (t/ha) advantage range of 0.9-6.7% for Population A and 7.3% for Population A and B, respectively, relative to the adapted commercial check hybrid. GGE biplot patterns for which won-where for Population A indicated that at Potchefstroom Research Station and Ukulinga Research Station experimental single-cross hybrids 127 and135 were the vertex (winning) hybrids. Cedera Research Station did not have a vertex hybrid for Population A. For Population B, experimental single-cross hybrids 112, 117 and 18 were the vertex hybrids at Cedera Research Station, Ukulinga Research Station and Potchefstroom Research Station, respectively. Experimental single-cross hybrid 257 was identified as ideal genotype for Population A, while experimental single-cross hybrid 121 in Population B was the ideal genotype. Ideal environments were also identified as Ukulinga Research Station for Population A, and Cedera Research Station for Population B. Average-environment coordination (AEC) view of the GGE biplot in Population A indicated that experimental single-cross hybrids 1 was highly stable across environments. In comparison, Population B experimental single-cross hybrid 161 was highly stable across environments. In conclusion, selected single-cross hybrids in the current study can also be advanced for further evaluation with a possibility for identifying high yielding and stable single-cross hybrids for variety registration and release in target environments in South Africa.
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Madic, Milomirka, Dragan Djurovic, Vladeta Stevovic, and Nikola Bokan. "Stability parameters for grain yield of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)." Genetika 42, no. 1 (2010): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1001137m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stability parameters for grain yield were evaluated in 11 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity groups (ZPSC 330M, ZPTC 404, ZPSC 42A, ZPSC 480, ZPSC 539, ZPSC 599, ZPSC 580, ZPSC 677, ZPSC 633, ZPSC 704 and ZPSC 753) at three different locations in Central Serbia over a two-year period. The hybrids were tested in two separate trials including 50,000 and 65,000 plants/ha, respectively. The stability parameters were estimated using the EBERHART and RUSSELL regression model (1966). There were no significant differences (except in the ZPTC 404 hybrid) between the values of the regression coefficient (bi) for grain yield and the mean value. The ZPSC 599 hybrid of the group of hybrids with a medium growing season gave high yields and less favorable values of stability parameters at most locations and over most years as compared to the long- season hybrids. The late maturity hybrids (FAO 600 and 700) as compared to the early maturity ones generally exhibited unfavorable values of stability parameters, i.e. a specific response and better adaptation to more favorable environmental conditions, and produced higher average yields. The yield of these hybrids could not have been jeopardized by the yield of the early maturity hybrids.
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Magdalita, P. M., R. A. Drew, I. D. Godwin, and S. W. Adkins. "An efficient interspecific hybridisation protocol for Carica papaya L. × C. cauliflora Jacq." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 5 (1998): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary. A protocol for interspecific hybridisation between Carica papaya and C. cauliflora is necessary for gene introgression between these 2 incompatible species. Carica papaya × C. cauliflora hybrids were successfully created using a new, efficient hybridisation protocol. This protocol includes the use of highly viable pollen of C. cauliflora produced during summer, autumn and/or spring, the use of an isolation time ranging from 90 to 120 days post-pollination of hybrid embryos, and the use of the most compatible C. papaya cultivar 2001 for crossing with C. cauliflora. Two types of interspecific hybrid embryos, namely single and multiple, were isolated in all resulting fruit. The application of gibberellic acid (0.6 or 0.8 mol/L) or 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.5 or 2.0 mol/L) to freshly cross-pollinated flowers and pollination by mentor pollen did not promote either the rate of successful crosses or the production of hybrid embryos. Using this efficient protocol, hybridisation between C. papaya and C. cauliflora conducted in 3 locations in south-east Queensland produced 338 crosses which generated 43 736 seed. From these seed, 2100 hybrid embryos were recovered resulting in the production of 485 morphologically normal interspecific hybrid plants. Studies reported elsewhere show that these hybrids are resistant to papaya ringspot virus type P.
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Choe, Eunsoo, Younhee Ko, and Martin M. Williams. "Transcriptional analysis of sweet corn hybrids in response to crowding stress." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): e0253190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crop tolerance to crowding stress, specifically plant population density, is an important target to improve productivity in processing sweet corn. Due to limited knowledge of biological mechanisms involved in crowding stress in sweet corn, a study was conducted to 1) investigate phenotypic and transcriptional response of sweet corn hybrids under different plant densties, 2) compare the crowding stress response mechanisms between hybrids and 3) identify candidate biological mechanisms involved in crowding stress response. Yield per hectare of a tolerant hybrid (DMC21-84) increased with plant density. Yield per hectare of a sensitive hybrid (GSS2259P) declined with plant density. Transcriptional analysis found 694, 537, 359 and 483 crowding stress differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GSS2259P at the Fruit Farm and Vegetable Farm and for DMC21-84 at the Fruit Farm and Vegetable Farm, respectively. Strong transcriptional change due to hybrid was observed. Functional analyses of DEGs involved in crowding stress also revealed that protein folding and photosynthetic processes were common response mechanisms for both hybrids. However, DEGs related to starch biosynthetic, carbohydrate metabolism, and ABA related processes were significant only for DMC21-84, suggesting the genes have closer relationship to plant productivity under stress than other processes. These results collectively provide initial insight into potential crowding stress response mechanisms in sweet corn.
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Wasilwa, Lusike A., Grace W. Watani, N. Ondabu, A. Nyaga, B. Kagiri, and S. Kiiru. "481 Performance of Macadamia Varieties in Three Agroecological Zones." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 477B—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.477b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although macadamia was introduced to Kenya in 1946, it was not until the 1960s that commercial cutlivation commenced in the central, eastern, and western highlands. In the 1970s, 300 macadamia trees in the Central and Eastern highlands were selected based on nut yield and tree characteristics. In 1981, a subset of 25 of the most outstanding macadamia clones were planted (1979–1987) and evaluated at the National Horticulture Research Centre in Thika. Trial orchards, consisting seven to 15 clones (EMB-1, EMB-2, EMB-H, KMB-1, KMB-3, KMB-4, KRG-1, KRG-3, KRG-4, KRG-15, MRG-1, MRG-20, MRG-24, MRU-25, and TTW-2), were established in 1982, 1986, and 1989. The trials were set up as RCBD with five blocks and three to eight plants of each clone per block. Results from trial orchards show that macadamia hybrids (a natural hybrid between M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla) EMB-H, KMB-3, and KMB-4 perform well at the higher elevations (>1700 m). The most outstanding clones of M. integrifolia with wide adaptability (1400 to 1750 m) were EMB-1, KRG-15, and MRG-20. Three distinct nut-bearing patterns [single peak (most varieties), bimodal peak, and ever-bearing] were observed. Nut clusters contain an average of 10 nuts (M. integrifolia) or 25 nuts (macadamia hybrid). Ten-year-old trees yield between 30 to 60 kg of nuts a year with kernel recovery of 28% to 41%.
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Coyne, Glare J., and Shawn A. Mehlenbacher. "521 PB 483 RESISTANCE TO EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT IN CORYLUS SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 506b—506. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.506b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eastern filbert blight (EFB) (Anisogramma anomala) is a serious disease of the European hazelnut (Coryls avellana). A single dominant gene for immunity to EFB from C. avellana `Gasaway' is being combined with good nut and kernel traits using a modified backcross approach. Additional sources of resistance would be highly desirable. Clones and seedlings of six other species (C. columa, C. comuta, C. heterophylla, C. sieboldiana, C. amencana, and C. jaquemontii] and a few interspecific hybrid selections were screened in the greenhouse to identify new sources of resistance. C. jacquemontii seedlings and C. columa clones were highly susceptible. C. comuta, C. hetemphylla, and C. sieboldiana clones were resistant, as were 86% of the C. americana seedlings tested. Five C. americana × C. avellana hybrids from New York were resistant under field conditions. One of four C. comuta × C. avellana and two of three C. hetemphylla × C. avellana hybrids were resistant.
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Vondra, Michal, and Vladimír Smutný. "Application of a method based on the measurement of radiation reflectance when estimating the sensitivity of selected grain maize hybrids to the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 4 (2009): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957040117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of methods based on measurements of photosynthesis efficiency is now more and more popular and used not only for the evaluation of the efficiency of herbicides but also for the estimation of their phytotoxicity to the cultivated crop. These methods enable to determine also differences in the sensitivity of cultivars and/or hybrids to individual herbicides. The advantage of these methods consists above all in the speed and accuracy of measuring.In a field experiment, the sensitivity of several selected grain maize hybrids (EDENSTAR, NK AROBASE, NK LUGAN, LG 33.30 and NK THERMO) to the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 was tested for a period of three years. The sensitivity to a registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 % was measured by means of the apparatus PS1 meter, which could measure the reflected radiation. Measurements of sensitivity of hybrids were performed on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th day after the application of the tested herbicide, i.e. in the growing stage of the 3rd–5th leaf. Plant material was harvested using a small-plot combine harvester SAMPO 2010. Samples were weighed and converted to the yield with 15 % of moisture in grain DM.The obtained three-year results did not demonstrate differences in sensitivity of tested hybrids to the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (i.e. 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0,5 %). Recorded results indicated that for the majority of tested hybrids the most critical were the 4th and the 5th day after the application; on these days the average PS1 values were the highest at all. In years 2005 and 2007, none of the tested hybrids exceeded the limit value 15 (which indicated a certain decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis). Although in 2006 three of tested hybrids showed a certain decrease in photosynthetic activity (i.e. EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the 3rd day and NK LUGAN on the 2nd–4th day after the application), no visual symptoms of damage of plants were found out. It could be concluded that the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (when applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %) did not damage hybrids under study and did not show any statistically significant effect on the grain yield. This means that the manufacturer’s statement that this herbicide, if applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %, is very tolerant to grain maize seedlings in the growth stage of 3–5 leafs, was correct. The most suitable date of measurements of differences in sensitivity to and/or potential phytotoxicity of the preparation CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 seemed to be the fourth day after the application because the measured average PS1 values were the highest in all hybrids under study. When evaluating the pooled three-year yields of grain (converted to 15% of moisture content) by means of variance analysis, a statistically significant effect of the year and the hybrid on the grain yield was found out. On the other hand, however, there was no statistically significant difference in the grain yield between control and the variant treated with the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463, i.e. 12.08 t . ha‑1 and 11.50 t . ha−1, respectively (grain moisture content 15%). When comparing pooled three-year yields of all hybrids under study, there were statistically significant differences between yields of the hybrid NK THERMO on the one hand and hybrids EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the other.
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Semencenko, Valentina, Milica Radosavljevic, Ljiljana Mojovic, Dusanka Terzic, Marija Milasinovic-Seremesic, and Goran Todorovic. "A genetic base of utilisation of maize grain as a valuable renewable raw material for bioethanol production." Genetika 47, no. 1 (2015): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1501171s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops, and as such, one of the most significant naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials for the production of energy and multitude of different products. Many studies have shown that the kernel composition and starch structure of maize are highly influenced by genetic background of the maize. Maize grain consists of approximately 70% of starch, which makes it a very suitable feedstock for the bioethanol production. This study was conducted with aim to understand how different genetic background affects bioethanol yield and other fermentation properties of the selected maize genotypes in the process of maize grain- based bioethanol production. Twenty seven maize hybrids, including genotypes of standard chemical composition as well as specialty maize hybrids such as popping, waxy, white kernel and red kernel hybrids, developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, were investigated in this study. The lowest bioethanol yield of 7.25% w/w obtained for hybrid ZP 611k after 48 h of fermentation and the highest by genotype ZP 434 (8.96% w/w). A very significant positive correlation was determined between kernel starch content and the bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation, as well as volumetric productivity (48h) (r=0.67). Between bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation and soft endosperm content in kernel of the investigated ZP maize hybrids a very significant positive correlation was assessed (r=0.66). Higher overall bioethanol yields have been obtained from genotypes containing higher starch and lower protein and lipid contents.
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Ashfaq, Muhammad, Renshan Zhu, Muhammad Ali, Zhiyong Xu, Abdul Rasheed, Muhammad Jamil, Adnan Shakir, and Xianting Wu. "Adaptation and High Yield Performance of HonglianType Hybrid Rice in Pakistan with Desirable Agricultural Traits." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Honglian type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is one of the three known major CMS types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) commercially used in hybrid rice seed production. Hybrid rice generated by the Honglian type CMS is a special group of hybrid rice, having distinct agricultural characteristics. The main objective of the study was to screen out the Honglian hybrid rice adapted for growing in Pakistan based on desirable traits. Different Honglian-type hybrid rice varietieswere tested locally in different locations in Pakistan based on various desirabletraits. Three Honglian types of hybrids (HP1, HP2, HP3) performed well, had better agricultural traits and showed high yield potential over the check variety. Different qualitative and quantitative traits were studied to conclude the advantages of these varieties for Pakistani local adaptation evaluations. Forty-eight SSR markers were used to study the genetic diversities of the hybrids. Nine selected polymorphic SSR markers (RM-219, RM-236, RM-274, RM-253, RM-424, RM-567, RM-258, RM-481, RM-493) showed genetic variations among Honglian hybrid rice varieties through PCR analysis. In 2019 and 2020, the increment of the yield potential of HP1, HP2 and HP3 was better (+43.90%, +35.44%, +37.13% and +30.91%, +33.37%, +33.62%, respectively, in both years)than the check variety KSK-133. All the desirable traits were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The principal components with more than one eigenvalue showed more variability. The average variability of 74.78% was observed among genotypes and their desirable traits in both years. National Uniform Yield Trial (NUYT) and Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability (DUS) trials are being conducted under the supervision of National Coordinated Rice (NCR) and Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department (FSCRD), Government of Pakistan. In the 2020 trial, the average yield of 104 rice varieties/hybrids was 8608 kg/ha; HP1, HP2 and HP3 (8709 kg/ha, 8833 kg/ha, and 9338 kg/ha, respectively) were all higher than the average yield, and HP3 yield was higher than over check varieties (D-121, Guard-53). In the 2021 trial, the average yield of 137 varieties was 7616 kg/ha; the HP1 yield (7863 kg/ha) was higher than the average overcheck varieties/hybrids. Various qualitative and quantitative traits showed desirable genetic diversity among the rice hybrids. It was also observed that, under higher temperatures, the seeds setting rate of Honglian-type hybrid rice was stable, which is the guarantee for stable yield and rice production in Pakistan. Moreover, it was considerably better, suggesting that Honglian-type hybrid rice varieties can be grown in Pakistan because they are less risky under climate change, especially the global warming challenges.
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Dobos, A. C. "Analysis of the ripening dynamics of maize hybrids on chernozem soil with lime deposits." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.1.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maize is one of the most important crops in Hungarian crop production, making up 70-72% of forage consumption. Due to high energy prices and the rapidly increasing costs of drying, the need for maize hybrids with shorter growing seasons is increasing. Farmers require hybrids with a grain moisture content of 20-25% at harvest, making them suitable for storage with less drying. In order to avoid excessive costs and workloads during harvest, it is wise to cultivate a mixture of hybrids with longer and shorter growing seasons as well as with slower and faster drying down rates. The effect of fertilization on the yield components and moisture content of maize was examined, using the data from a two-year survey on the hybrid MV 484 SC, with five fertilizer treatments in 1998, and a control and three (0, 90 and 150 kg N/ha) nutrient levels in 1999.
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Velho, João Pedro, Pagiel Bernardi Zardin, Clóves Cabreira Jobim, Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho, Dileta Regina Moro Alessio, Ênio Giotto, Gabriel Menegazzi da Conceição, and Cássio Rodrigo Gehrke. "Meta-analysis of corn plants, green fodder (ensilage), and silages of different types of maize hybrids used in experimental conditions in Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of scientific publications from January 1994 to December 2014, to evaluate the chemical composition of corn plants, green forage, and silages of three different types of maize hybrids (simple, double, and triple) used in experimental conditions in Brazil. The sub-bases Corn Cultivation and Green Fodder were composed of 49 experiments, consisting of 481 treatments, and the sub-base Silage consisted of 24 studies composed of 163 treatments, involving 478 silos. In the Corn Cultivation sub-base, the variables of spacing, plant height, grain yield, organic matter content, and total carbohydrates of maize silage differed (P < 0.05) according to the hybrid type. The number of corn plants per hectare, number of spikes per plant, and the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin did not differ (P > 0.05) according to the hybrid type. In the Green Forage sub-base (ensilage), the main difference (P < 0.05) was regarding the in vitro dry matter digestibility, whereby the triple hybrids (59.38%) had lower values than the simple (73.05%) and double (72.74%) hybrids. In the Silage sub-base, the variables of organic matter, total carbohydrates, cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and pH differed (P < 0.05) according to the hybrid type. While the variables dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, lignin, total digestible nutrients, ethereal extract, crude protein, and ammonium nitrogen did not differ (P > 0.05) according to the hybrid type. The variability in the determination of parameters, such as dry matter yield, dry matter content, and non-fibrous carbohydrates of corn silage, and the non-determination of the starch content demonstrated that the chemical compositions of Brazilian corn silage have not yet been fully clarified. The types of maize hybrids (simple, double, and/or triple) mainly differ in terms of grain production. In many situations, the silage processes are not conducted in an ideal way, and the differences as a function of the maize plants (type of hybrid) are minimized due to losses during the ensiling process.
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Velho, João Pedro, Pagiel Bernardi Zardin, Clóves Cabreira Jobim, Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho, Dileta Regina Moro Alessio, Ênio Giotto, Gabriel Menegazzi da Conceição, and Cássio Rodrigo Gehrk. "Meta-analysis of corn plants, green fodder (ensilage), and silages of different types of maize hybrids used in experimental conditions in Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of scientific publications from January 1994 to December 2014, to evaluate the chemical composition of corn plants, green forage, and silages of three different types of maize hybrids (simple, double, and triple) used in experimental conditions in Brazil. The sub-bases Corn Cultivation and Green Fodder were composed of 49 experiments, consisting of 481 treatments, and the sub-base Silage consisted of 24 studies composed of 163 treatments, involving 478 silos. In the Corn Cultivation sub-base, the variables of spacing, plant height, grain yield, organic matter content, and total carbohydrates of maize silage differed (P < 0.05) according to the hybrid type. The number of corn plants per hectare, number of spikes per plant, and the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin did not differ (P > 0.05) according to the hybrid type. In the Green Forage sub-base (ensilage), the main difference (P < 0.05) was regarding the in vitro dry matter digestibility, whereby the triple hybrids (59.38%) had lower values than the simple (73.05%) and double (72.74%) hybrids. In the Silage sub-base, the variables of organic matter, total carbohydrates, cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and pH differed (P < 0.05) according to the hybrid type. While the variables dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, lignin, total digestible nutrients, ethereal extract, crude protein, and ammonium nitrogen did not differ (P > 0.05) according to the hybrid type. The variability in the determination of parameters, such as dry matter yield, dry matter content, and non-fibrous carbohydrates of corn silage, and the non-determination of the starch content demonstrated that the chemical compositions of Brazilian corn silage have not yet been fully clarified. The types of maize hybrids (simple, double, and/or triple) mainly differ in terms of grain production. In many situations, the silage processes are not conducted in an ideal way, and the differences as a function of the maize plants (type of hybrid) are minimized due to losses during the ensiling process.
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Li, Xiaomei, Richard R.-C. Wang, Steve R. Larson, and N. Jerry Chatterton. "Development of a STS marker assay for detecting loss of heterozygosity in rice hybrids." Genome 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers OPE15750 and OPE15300 were affected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in rice hybrids AMR × 'M202' and AMR × 'L202'. The markers were mapped to the same locus at or near the centromere of rice chromosome 2. The two RAPD products were cloned, sequenced, and found to have lengths of 734 bp and 297 bp, respectively. The 297-bp sequence shares a 98% homology with one end of the 734-bp sequence, accounting for the cross-hybridization previously observed between the two clones. Based on the DNA sequence of the 734-bp fragment, a pair of STS (sequence-tagged site) primers was designed and tested. Rice plants homozygous for either OPE15734 or OPE15297 all produced PCR fragments of the same length, 482 bp. However, the two PCR products were discernible by digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI prior to gel electrophoresis. The STS product from plants homozygous for OPE15734 was cut into two fragments of 239 and 240 bp, which appeared as one single band in an agarose gel; whereas the STS product from plants homozygous for OPE15297 was not cut by XbaI and was characterized by a 482-bp band in the agarose gel. These STS primers were tested in rice hybrids and F2 progenies derived from the hybrids of AMR × 'M202' and AMR × 'L202'. Homozygosity for OPE15297 was confirmed for all F2 panicle rows derived from AMR × 'M202'. In contrast, F2 panicle rows of AMR × 'L202' exhibited two different segregation patterns (genotypes), i.e., either uniformly homozygous for the 240-bp marker (OPE15734/OPE15734) or segregating for the 482- and 240-bp markers (OPE15734/OPE15297). This STS-marker system provides a robust assay for detecting the occurrence of LOH in rice hybrid progenies.Key words: DNA sequence, homology, PCR, RAPD.
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Lajos Gábor Karancsi, Lajos Fülöp Dóka, and Péter Pepó. "Examination of Hybrid-specific nutrient supply at corn on chernozem soli." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 48 (July 31, 2012): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of increasing fertilizer dosages on the yield of eight different maize hybrids (SY Ondina, NK Kansas, NK Lucius, NK Octet, NK Thermo, SY Flovita, SY Brillio, NX 47279) has been investigated in the crop-year of 2011. According to our results it can be stated that contrarily to the control treatment the application of different nutrient-levels has resulted a significant yield increment (2 000–5 800 kg ha-1).Based upon the results of this experiment we have drawn the conclusion that the nutrient level of 120 kg N+PK was the optimal for the investigated hybrids. The highest yield (14 475 kg ha-1–15 963 kg ha-1) of the hybrids with different genotypes has been produced in case of this fertilizer treatment. With the comparison of the control and the optimum-fertilizer treatments the yield-increasing effect of mineral fertilization and the different reaction of hybrids towards increasing fertilizer dosages have been proven. In case of the control treatments the best-yielding hybrids were NK Thermo (11 917 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (11 617 kg ha-1). Contrarily on the optimal nutrient supply level the hybrids SY Brillio (15 876 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (15 963 kg ha-1) have produced the highest yields. Summarizing, we can state that the hybrid NX 47279 has resulted stable and high yields in the fertilized treatments. Analysing the yield-increasing effect of 1 kg fertilizer active substance it was proven, that the hybrids SY Flovita (45.43 kg ha-1), SY Brillio (44.47 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (42.33 kg ha-1) had a good reaction towards even lower nutrient supply levels as well. In case of the control treatment the average water utilization coefficient of the hybrids was significantly lower (35.2 kg mm-1), than in case of the optimal nutrient supply level (N120+PK) treatments (48.9 kg mm-1).Therefore the hybrid specific difference between the water utilization of genotypes could be revealed.
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Nzinga, Jacinta, Gerry McGivern, and Mike English. "Hybrid clinical-managers in Kenyan hospitals." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-08-2017-0203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the way “hybrid” clinical managers in Kenyan public hospitals interpret and enact hybrid clinical managerial roles in complex healthcare settings affected by professional, managerial and practical norms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study of two Kenyan district hospitals, involving repeated interviews with eight mid-level clinical managers complemented by interviews with 51 frontline workers and 6 senior managers, and 480 h of ethnographic field observations. The authors analysed and theorised data by combining inductive and deductive approaches in an iterative cycle.FindingsKenyan hybrid clinical managers were unprepared for managerial roles and mostly reluctant to do them. Therefore, hybrids’ understandings and enactment of their roles was determined by strong professional norms, official hospital management norms (perceived to be dysfunctional and unsupportive) and local practical norms developed in response to this context. To navigate the tensions between managerial and clinical roles in the absence of management skills and effective structures, hybrids drew meaning from clinical roles, navigating tensions using prevailing routines and unofficial practical norms.Practical implicationsUnderstanding hybrids’ interpretation and enactment of their roles is shaped by context and social norms and this is vital in determining the future development of health system’s leadership and governance. Thus, healthcare reforms or efforts aimed towards increasing compliance of public servants have little influence on behaviour of key actors because they fail to address or acknowledge the norms affecting behaviours in practice. The authors suggest that a key skill for clinical managers in managers in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) is learning how to read, navigate and when opportune use local practical norms to improve service delivery when possible and to help them operate in these new roles.Originality/valueThe authors believe that this paper is the first to empirically examine and discuss hybrid clinical healthcare in the LMICs context. The authors make a novel theoretical contribution by describing the important role of practical norms in LMIC healthcare contexts, alongside managerial and professional norms, and ways in which these provide hybrids with considerable agency which has not been previously discussed in the relevant literature.
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Skonieski, Fernando Reimann, Julio Viégas, Thomas Newton Martin, Cristian Carlos Amauri Mingotti, Stela Naetzold, Tiago João Tonin, Lisiani Rorato Dotto, and Gilmar Roberto Meinerz. "Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing Fertilization and Inoculation of Seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on Corn Yield and Agronomic Characteristics." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biological nitrogen fixation and plant hormone synthesis promoted by Azospirillum spp. bacteria play a role in enhancing crop productivity and reducing losses. This may constitute a strategy to enhance crop productivity and reducing losses, thereby increasing nitrogen fertilization efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 strain inoculation and nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic characteristics and productivity of two maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) AS 1572 and AG 9030. Experiments were carried out at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons using a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement to distribute two maize hybrids, inoculated, or not, with Azospirillum brasilense, and five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg ha−1). Kernel yield, mass, and dimensions, as well as kernel number on the cobs, stalk diameter, plant height, ear insertion height, prolificacy, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and their correlations were measured. Compared to uninoculated plants, higher kernel yield (p < 0.05) was observed for AS 1572 hybrid when inoculated with A. brasilense, with an increase of 0.978 Mg ha−1 or 10.95%. This effect was primarily due to the higher NUE rate and the increase (p < 0.05) in the number of kernels per cob. The AG 9030 hybrid showed no response to inoculation. A. brasilense inoculation increased the NUE rate of the AS 1572 hybrid in the condition N zero dose at N 60 kg ha−1 dose. Nitrogen fertilization increased crop productivity, notably by raising kernel mass and other productivity components, but reduced the NUE rate. The maximum technical efficiency obtained for the AS 1572 hybrid was of 10.705 Mg ha−1 with a N dose of 342 kg ha−1, whereas the AG 9030 hybrid produced a maximum grain yield of 10.089 Mg ha−1 with a dose of 350 kg ha−1 of N. We conclude that the inoculation with A. brasilense increases NUE, maize grain yield, and agronomic characteristic in the AS 1572 hybrid.
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Magdalita, PM, SW Adkins, ID Godwin, and RA Drew. "An Improved Embryo-Rescue Protocol for a Carica Interspecific Hybrid." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 3 (1996): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An improved embryo-rescue protocol was developed for embryos (90 days old) of Carica papaya L. (Clone 2001), and subsequently was utilised for efficient production of interspecific hybrids of C. papaya × C. cauliflora Jacq. from 90- to 120-day-old embryos. Pre-incubation of C. papaya embryos for 7 days on a germination medium containing half-strength De Fossard nutrients supplemented with gibberellic acid (10 μM), 6-benzylamino-purine (0.25 μM), alpha-naphthalene-acetic acid (0.25 μM). sucrose (58 mM) and agar (8 g L-1) supported 100% germination. Subsequent transfer of germinated embryos to a nutrient medium that was identical, except that it was free of plant growth regulator, allowed good growth but induced shoot etiolation and callus production. Reducing the pre-incubation of C. papaya embryos on this medium to 5 days before transfer to the medium free of plant growth regulator produced similarly high germination (96%), but allowed for the production of good quality seedlings that were unetiolated and free of unwanted callus. For interspecific hybrids, a 5-day pre-incubation of the embryos on a liquid formulation was better than the solid formulation as it promoted better growth and vigour of the normally abortive interspecific hybrid embryos. Using the improved protocol, 1981 of 2100 (94%) interspecific hybrid embryos consisting of single and multiple forms were germinated. In all cases, the germinating multiple embryos underwent further embryogenesis that allowed for the production of 485 (25%) morphologically normal hybrid plants grown in soil in the glasshouse.
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Simons-Linares, C. Roberto, Ram Gurajala, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Prabhleen Chahal. "487 – Hybrid Percutaneous-Endoscopic Removal (HPER) of Cholelithiasis." Gastroenterology 156, no. 6 (May 2019): S—1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(19)40539-8.
Повний текст джерела
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Correia, N. M., and L. J. P. Gomes. "Selectivity of Saflufenacil for Sweet Sorghum and Potential use of Na-Bentazon as a Safener." Planta Daninha 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity herbicide saflufenacil for two sweet sorghum hybrids, when sprayed in preemergence and postemergence, besides the use of Na-bentazon as a 'safener' for saflufenacil. Three experiments were conducted, in pots, maintained in an ambient condition (second and third experiments) and in a greenhouse (first experiment). In each experiment a completely randomized distribution was used, with four replicates. In the first (2 x 6 factorial) two hybrids of sweet sorghum (CVSW 80007 and CVSW 80147) and six dosages (0; 35; 52.5; 70; 87.5 and 105 g ha-1) of saflufenacil were studied, applied in preemergence of the plants. In the second (2 x 5 factorial) the same hybrids of sweet sorghum sprayed in postemergence with saflufenacil (0; 35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g h-1) were assessed. In the third (4 x 5 factorial) the association of Na-bentazon (0; 240; 480 and 720 g ha-1) to saflufenacil (0.35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g ha-1) was studied, when sprayed in postemergence on the sweet sorghum plants (CVSW 80007). Hybrid CVSW 80147 was more tolerant to saflufenacil than hybrid CVSW 800007, in preemergence or postemergence applications. The variables that best assessed the sensibility of the sweet sorghum to saflufenacil were number of emerged plants, for preemergence applications, and dry matter of stem for postemergence. Na-bentazon showed promise for use as 'safener' in postemergence applications of saflufenacil in sweet sorghum for dosages up to 70 g ha-1.
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Adrienn Novák, András Szabó, and Péter Pepó. "The response of sunflower hybrids to different plant densities on a chernozem soil." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 48 (July 31, 2012): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In our experiment the reaction of six sunflower hybrids of different genotypes (NK Oktava, ES Biba, ES Diagora, ES Ballistic, EGH 8925, PR 64 H 42) towards plant density has been investigated by different fungicide treatments in the crop-year of 2011 on a chernozem soil. In the crop-year of 2011 sunflower populations were infected by a significant Diaporthe helianthi disease. The extent of this infection was significantly enhanced by the increment of plant density. However, regarding the average of the hybrids and plant densities the two times executed fungicide treatment has decreased the infection rate by 22%. The most susceptible hybrid was the ES Biba. Contrarily, the hybrid ECH8925 proved to be the most resistant hybrid towards thisdisease according to our results. According to the results of the Pearson’s correlation analysis it has been revealed that stalk breakage and Diaporthe infection stand in a very close (r=0.782**) and middle close (r=0.523**) correlation resp. with plant density. The relationship between fungucude treatments and stalk breakage, just as Diaporthe infection showed to be middle and close respectively. Our results demonstrate the role of stalk and plate diseases (among them Diaporthe) in causing stalk breakage, for we have found a close positive correlation between stalk breakage and Diaporthe infection (r=0.624**) in our analysis.From the aspect of yield amount the optimal plant density varied between 45 000 and 55 000 plants per hectare. Fungucude treatments enabled not only the use of higher plants densities, but they had a yield increasing effect as well. In the crop-year of 2011 the highest yield (4 559 kg ha-1) on a chernozem soil has been measured in case of the hybrid ECH8925.
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Islam, MN, M. Akhteruzzaman, MS Alom, MAI Sarker, and MA Mannaf. "Fertilizer management in hybrid maize (Zea mays l.)-mukhikachu (Colocasia esculenta) relay cropping system." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur and ARS, Burirhat, Rangpur during consecutive two years of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to find out optimum fertilizer dose for hybrid maize-mukhikachu relay cropping system. Five fertilizer combinations viz, Recommended fertilizer of hybrid maize (RFM) + 112 kg N/ha, RFM + 25% recommended fertilizer of mukhikachu (RFK), RFM + 50% RFK, RFM + 75% RFK and RFM + 100% RFK were tested on hybrid maize-mukhikachu relay cropping system. Sole crops of hybrid maize (cv. BARI Hybrid Maize-5) and mukhikachu (cv. Bilashi) with their respective recommended fertilizer dose (maize: 255-55-140-40-6-2 kg/ha NPKSZnB and mukhikachu: 112-32-95-22 kg/ha NPKS) were included for comparison. Grain yield of sole maize with recommended fertilizer practice was identical with other fertilizer combinations at both the locations. Yield and yield components of mukhikachu under different fertilizer management practices increased with the increase of fertilizer levels up to RFM + 50% RFK and then decreased at both the locations. Edible yield of sole kachu with recommended fertilizer practice was the highest but it was identical to RFM + 50% RFK at both the locations. The highest maize equivalent yield (Joy: 24.26 t/ha, Buri: 31.56 t/ha) and gross return (Joy: Tk 291120/ha, Buri: Tk 378720/ha) was recorded in RFM + 50% RFK. But the highest gross margin (Joy: Tk 207035/ha, Buri: Tk 291570/ha) was obtained from RFM + 25% RFK at Joydebpur and from RFM + 50% RFK at Burirhat. The highest benefit cost ratio (Joy: 3.69, Buri: 4.64) was found from RFM + 112 kg N/ha at both the locations. The results revealed that recommended fertilizer dose (255-55-140-40-6-2kg/ha NPKSZnB) of hybrid maize plus 112 kg N/ha (extra) might be economically profitable for hybrid maize mukhikachu relay cropping system at both the locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16975 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 481-489, September 2013
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Stieve, Susan M., and Dennis P. Stimart. "842 PB 482 INFLUENCE OF STOMATA AND TRANSPIRATION ON ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L. POSTHARVEST LONGEVITY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 554a—554. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.554a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eighteen commercially used white Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) inbreds, a hybrid of Inbred 1 × Inbred 18 (Hybrid 1) and an F2 population (F2) of Hybrid 1 were evaluated for stomatal size and density and transpiration rate to determine their affect on postharvest longevity. Stems of each genotype were cut to 40 cm, placed in distilled water and discarded when 50% of florets wilted or browned. Postharvest longevity of inbreds ranged from 3.7 to 12.9 days; Hybrid 1 and the F2 averaged 3.0 and 9.1 days postharvest, respectively. Leaf impressions showed less than 3% of stomata were found on the adaxial leaf surface. Inbred abaxial stomatal densities ranged from 128.2 to 300.7 stomata mm-2; Hybrid 1 and the F2 averaged 155 and 197 stomata mm-2, respectively. Transpiration measurments on leaves of stems 24 hr after cutting were made with a LI-COR 1600 Steady State Porometer. Statistical analysis showed inbreds were significantly different based on postharvest longevity, stomatal size and density and transpiration of cut stems.
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Yan, Xiao Jin, Cheng Xiao, and Xue Jie Wei. "Design of 42V Synergic Electric Power for Hybrid Electrical Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to improve battery performance and extend its service life in 42V power supply of hybrid electrical vehicle, will be combine of ultra capacitors and batteries, so that both could output/absorb the high-rate impact current, but also to meet the high-rate current required for high energy density. The paper compared respective advantages and disadvantages of batteries and ultra capacitors as an energy source applied in hybrid electrical vehicle, selected the collectivity project of synergic electric power based on batteries and ultra capacitors, analyzed the work process of synergic electric power, through analysis and demonstration and experimental data validated the scheme is feasible.
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Gusmão, Jessica, Marcio Bastos, Luciana Lima, Marcus Cardoso, and Thiago Bernardes. "PSXI-30 The effects of hybrid and maturity on the nutritive value of snaplage." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the nutritive value of snaplage as affected by hybrid and maturity. Five corn hybrids were grown at 70,000 plants/ha on three replicate plots (5 x 5 m) in each of three blocks (21°14′ S, 44°58′ W). Hybrids were harvested at target maturity stage of 40, 35, and 30% of moisture (M1, M2, and M3, respectively) by removing ears from two rows in each plot. Ears were weighed and split into two subsamples. One was split into kernels, husk and shank, and cob, weighed and oven-dried. The second subsample was processed and ensiled in 5-L jars for 90 d. Measurements included dry matter (DM) yield, nutrient analysis and in vitro digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF-D, 48h). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks using a mixed repeated-measures model. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS, followed by a Tukey test at P ≤ 0.05. Mean moisture at harvest were 42.9, 36.8, and 31.3% for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The DM yield was unaffected by hybrid and maturity (on average = 19 t/ha). The NDF concentration of husk increased at each maturity (81.5, 83.4, and 83.7% DM, respectively) and NDF-D decreased (45.5, 43.4, and 41.4%, respectively). The NDF concentration of cob increased at each maturity (76.0, 79.5, and 81.6% DM, respectively) and NDF-D decreased (47.3, 43.7, and 38.4%, respectively). Among hybrids, NDF concentration of snaplage varied from 20.9 to 24.5% DM (P = 0.014). The NDF-D of snaplage decreased at each maturity (Figure 1; P = 0.001). The starch concentration of snaplage increased from M1 to M2, but no difference between M2 and M3 (P = 0.009). Snaplage has a wide harvest window; however, changes in the nutritive value of snaplage as affected by maturity should be considered when formulating diets.
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Miftakhurrohmat, Agus. "Kinship Analysis of Several Genotypes of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Based on Determinants of Kinship Components." Nabatia 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2010): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v1i1.1583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Success to realize a new superior soybean variety is definitely by a genetic an phenotypic variability. Morphological relationships among soybean genotypes is necessary to orchid breeder in obtaining good hybrids in perennial plants. Openly related among soybean genotypes would increase their crossing opportunity. The aim of this research was to identify morphological relationships of ten soybean genotypes based relative determinant components. The research was carried out on the August until November 2005, at the experiment field of the Jember State Polytechnic and in the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Jember University. The experiment designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with ten soybean genotypes as treatment in the three replications. Relationships among of ten soybean genotypes was analyzed according to Cluster Analysis. The result of cluster analysis indicated that, (1) However the genotypes ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7 are the most identical on similarity distance 0.0025. On similarity distance more than 0.9965, genotypes ZKJ 1-7 and 482 is different exclusively (2) On minimum distance 0.100 all of genotypes soybean can be divide four groups i.e. Group I (55, 56, 481, 482, Galunggung and 52), group II (ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7), group III (I10), and group IV (Lokon).
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Miftakhurrohmat, Agus. "Kinship Analysis of Several Genotypes of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Based on Determinants of Kinship Components." Nabatia 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2010): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v1i1.1583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Success to realize a new superior soybean variety is definitely by a genetic an phenotypic variability. Morphological relationships among soybean genotypes is necessary to orchid breeder in obtaining good hybrids in perennial plants. Openly related among soybean genotypes would increase their crossing opportunity. The aim of this research was to identify morphological relationships of ten soybean genotypes based relative determinant components. The research was carried out on the August until November 2005, at the experiment field of the Jember State Polytechnic and in the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Jember University. The experiment designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with ten soybean genotypes as treatment in the three replications. Relationships among of ten soybean genotypes was analyzed according to Cluster Analysis. The result of cluster analysis indicated that, (1) However the genotypes ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7 are the most identical on similarity distance 0.0025. On similarity distance more than 0.9965, genotypes ZKJ 1-7 and 482 is different exclusively (2) On minimum distance 0.100 all of genotypes soybean can be divide four groups i.e. Group I (55, 56, 481, 482, Galunggung and 52), group II (ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7), group III (I10), and group IV (Lokon).
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Popova, Lyudmila, Lyudmila Golovina, and A. Shamanin. "Evaluation of hybrid potato samples in breeding nurseries in the conditions of the northern regions of Russia." Agrarian Bulletin of the 223, no. 08 (August 31, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-223-08-39-48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study hybrid potato samples according to a complex of economically valuable traits and identify promising ones for creating new highly productive varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. The research was carried out on 7 populations of single-club hybrids provided by the All-Russian research institute of potato farming by A. G. Lorh, followed by selection in nurseries of single-club hybrids, second-year hybrids, preliminary and main tests. Observations, records and culling in each nursery were carried out according to the methodological recommendations on the technology of the potato breeding process. Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of potato samples in the nursery of the main test, a hybrid of 2193/4 – 41.1 t/ha and 38.6 t/ha was distinguished in the “early” group in terms of total and commercial yield, and a hybrid of 2247/2 – 40.1 and 38.5 t/ha in the “mid-early” group. 13 hybrids were selected for planting in 2022: 5 from the “early” group and 8 from the “mid-early” group, which will later be involved in the breeding process to create new potato varieties with early and medium-early ripening, high productivity and resistance to major diseases. about all the years of study on potato plantings, plant lesions with viral diseases, rhizoctoniosis and macrosporiosis were not detected, and late blight diseases were noted at the end of the growing season. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the creation of highly productive varieties that ensure stable high potato yields in the northern regions of the Russian Federation due to high adaptability and field resistance to the most dangerous diseases. The importance of solving this problem is due to the fact that most potato varieties zoned in the Northern region are insufficiently adapted to local conditions, the nature of which implies an increased stress load on potato plants during the growing season.