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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "4/5D"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "4/5D"

D'Auria, Riccardo, Sergio Ferrara, and Silvia Vaulá. "F (4) supergravity and 5D superconformal field theories." Classical and Quantum Gravity 18, no. 16 (August 2, 2001): 3181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/18/16/308.

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L. Packer, Douglas. "4/5D Integrated Mapping for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation." Journal of Arrhythmia 27, Supplement (2011): APSY3_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4020/jhrs.27.apsy3_4.

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Crossman-Barnes, Christina-Jane, Tracey Sach, Andrew Wilson, and Garry Barton. "The construct validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L, AQL-5D and a bespoke TTO in acute asthmatics." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 3 (November 2, 2019): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02345-z.

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Abstract Purpose Measuring quality of life in acute asthmatics is challenging, especially when asthma attacks can occur sporadically. Several questionnaires can be used to measure quality of life in this patient group; however, psychometric testing is limited on questionnaires that can be used to estimate Quality Adjusted Life years. The objective of this study is to assess the construct validity (convergent and discriminative validity) and responsiveness of the EuroQol-5-Dimensions 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), Asthma Quality of Life Utility Index-5 Dimensions (AQL-5D) and Time Trade-Off (TTO) in acute asthma patients. Methods Data from a prospective cohort study were used to test the validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L, AQL-5D and TTO in asthma patients who were recruited from UK accident & emergency departments or hospital wards. The spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis test statistic and the standardized response mean were used to test for convergent validity, discriminative validity and responsiveness, respectively. Results One hundred and twenty-one participants were included in the available case analysis. The EQ-5D-5L and AQL-5D showed moderate to strong correlations for convergent validity at baseline, week 4 and week 8. The AQL-5D and TTO showed moderate correlations at week 4 and week 8. No statistical significance was observed for discriminative validity at baseline. Both the EQ-5D-5L and the AQL-5D also showed that they were sensitive to change for the recovery responses. Conclusions The EQ-5D-5L and AQL-5D showed stronger construct validity and responsiveness compared to the TTO. Therefore, both the EQ-5D-5L and AQL-5D should be considered for use in future economic evaluations.

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Dao, H. L. "Cosmological solutions from 5D N = 4 matter-coupled supergravity." Journal of Physics Communications 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac4fb0.

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Abstract From five-dimensional N = 4 matter-coupled gauged supergravity, smooth time-dependent cosmological solutions, connecting a dS 5−d × H d (with d = 2, 3) spacetime at early times to a dS 5 spacetime at late times, are presented. The solutions are derived from the second-order equations of motion arising from all the gauged theories that can admit dS 5 solutions. There are eight such theories constructed from gauge groups of the form SO(1, 1) × G nc and SO ( 1 , 1 ) diag ( n ) × G nc , with n = 2, 3, where G nc is a non-compact gauge factor whose compact part must be embedded entirely in the matter symmetry group of 5D matter-coupled supergravity. Furthermore, we analyze how the cosmological solutions and their corresponding dS 5 vacua cannot arise from the first-order equations that solve the second-order field equations.

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Phillips, S. M., X. X. Han, H. J. Green, and A. Bonen. "Increments in skeletal muscle GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 after endurance training in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): E456—E462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.3.e456.

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We investigated the time course of training-induced changes in the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in human skeletal muscle. Seven healthy males trained for 2 h/day (approximately 60% pretraining VO2peak) for 31 days (31D). Muscle biopsies were obtained before training (PRE) and after 5 (5D) and 31 days (31D) of training. Training resulted in progressive increases in muscle GLUT-4 with increasing training duration (PRE<5D<31D; P<0.01). Muscle GLUT-1 content was also increased (P<0.05) after training; however, the increase was not observed until 31D (131%). Increases in muscle hexokinase (HK) activity were complete by 5D (P<0.01). Muscle malate dehydrogenase activity was not elevated after 5D of training but was increased (+35%; P<0.01) at 31D. Results from this study show that increases in both GLUT-4 and HK represent early training-induced adaptations to prolonged exercise training. As training progresses, further increases in GLUT-4, but not HK, occur in conjunction with an increase in muscle mitochondrial potential and GLUT-1.

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de Graaf, JA, MMT Kuijpers, JMA Visser-Meily, LJ Kappelle, and MWM Post. "Validity of an enhanced EQ-5D-5L measure with an added cognitive dimension in patients with stroke." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215520907990.

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Objective: The 5-level EuroQoL (EQ-5D-5L) is a patient-reported outcome measure frequently used in stroke research. However, it does not assess the cognitive problems many patients with stroke experience. The aim of this article is to compare the content validity, internal consistency and discriminative ability of the EQ-5D-5L with and without an additional cognitive domain (EQ-5D-5L+C), administered three months post-stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Six general hospitals in the Netherlands. Subjects: In all, 360 individuals with stroke three months after the event. Interventions: Not applicable. Main measures: The modified Rankin Scale and EQ-5D-5L+C were administered in telephone interviews three months post-stroke. Results: A total of 360 patients with stroke were included. Mean age was 68.8 years (standard deviation (SD) = 11.7), 143 (40%) were female, 334 (93%) had had an ischemic stroke, 165 (46%) had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ⩽ 4 at presentation and the Barthel Index was 17.2 (SD = 4) four days post-stroke. Cognitive problems were reported by 199 (55%) patients three months post-stroke. Internal consistencies of the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-5L+C were 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. Adding a cognitive domain resulted in a decrease of the ceiling effect from 22% to 14%. Both EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-5L+C showed good discriminative ability, but differences between patients with different modified Rankin Scale scores and with/without reported decrease in health and daily activities were slightly larger with the EQ-5D-5L+C compared to the EQ-5D-5L. Conclusions: The EQ-5D-5L+C, which includes a cognitive domain that is highly significant for stroke patients, showed increased content validity and good discriminative ability, without losing internal consistency.

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MAKHOV, V. N., N. YU KIRIKOVA, N. M. KHAIDUKOV, M. KIRM, E. NEGODIN, G. ZIMMERER, S. K. LAM, D. LO, J. C. KRUPA, and J. Y. GESLAND. "VUV SPECTROSCOPY OF CRYSTALLINE EMITTERS BASED ON 5d–4f TRANSITIONS IN RARE EARTH IONS." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 01 (February 2002): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02002919.

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The spectroscopic properties of several fluoride crystals ( LiYF 4, KYF 4, K 2 YF 5, KLiYF 5, CsY 2 F 7, SrF 2) doped with Nd 3+, Er 3+ or Tm 3+ are analyzed from the viewpoint of their possible applications as active media for VUV solid state lasers. It has been found that in many crystals there exists very efficient nonradiative relaxation from higher-lying 5d states to the lowest 5d level responsible for the spin-forbidden luminescence. In fact, the energy level diagram of 5d–4f transitions for these two ions represents a typical four-level laser scheme with a considerably larger Stokes shift of 5d–4f luminescence from the edge of the strong spin-allowed 4f–5d absorption than for Nd 3+, which causes smaller reabsorption of emitted VUV radiation in the crystals doped with Er 3+ or Tm 3+. Two crystals LiYF 4: Nd 3+ and SrF 2: Er 3+ were tested for laser action under pumping by a pulsed F 2 laser operating at 157 nm. However, no indications of the appearance of stimulated emission have been detected for both crystals. The possible reasons for the absence of lasing are discussed.

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Perez-Sousa, Miguel A., Pedro R. Olivares, and Narcis Gusi. "Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Versions of EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L in Children with Cancer: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 11420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811420.

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(1) Background: The recent published version with five levels of response of EQ-5D-Y needs to be studied in children with chronic illness. For this, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the psychometric properties of EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L in terms of feasibility, ceiling effect, redistribution properties, informativity and inconsistence responses in children with cancer. (2) Methods: A core set of self-report tools, including the Spanish version of EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L, were administered to children drawn from the population with cancer. EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L were evaluated in terms of feasibility, ceiling effects, redistribution properties and differences in absolute and relative informativity. (3) Results: A total of 73 children (9.7 ± 2.3 years old) from the population with cancer participated in the study. No missing data in the new EQ-5D-Y-5L were visualized, so the feasibility was acceptable. EQ-5D-Y-5L showed a low ceiling effect in all dimensions with relative changes from EQ-5D-Y-3L to EQ-5D-Y-5L of between 15.3% and 42.4% for the dimensions and 44.6% for the overall system. Compared to EQ-5D-Y-3L, EQ-5D-Y-5L provided a better distribution of the severity of the problem in the five levels of response. The absolute informativity (Shannon’s index) did not show statistically significant differences between EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L in all dimensions and the overall system. (4) Conclusions: EQ-5D-Y-5L is feasible, presenting a low ceiling effect and high discriminative power.

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Jia, Haomiao, Erica I. Lubetkin, Kimberly DeMichele, Debra S. Stark, Matthew M. Zack, and William W. Thompson. "Comparing the Performance of 2 Health Utility Measures in the Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS)." Medical Decision Making 38, no. 8 (November 2018): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x18808494.

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Background. The Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (HOS), a nationwide annual survey of Medicare beneficiaries, includes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HRQOL-4 questionnaire and Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12). This study compared EQ-5D scores derived from the HRQOL-4 (dEQ-5D) to SF-6D scores derived from VR-12. Methods. Data were from Medicare HOS Cohort 15 (2012 baseline; 2014 follow-up). We included participants aged 65+ ( n = 105,473). We compared score distributions, evaluated known-groups validity, assessed each index as a predictor for mortality, and estimated quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the dEQ-5D and SF-6D. Results. Compared to the SF-6D, the dEQ-5D had a higher mean score (0.787 v. 0.691) and larger standard deviation (0.310 v. 0.101). The decreases in estimated scores associated with chronic conditions were greater for the dEQ-5D than for the SF-6D. For example, dEQ-5D scores for persons with depression decreased 0.456 points compared to 0.141 points for the SF-6D. The dEQ-5D strongly predicted mortality, as adjusted hazard ratios for the first to fourth quintiles, relative to the fifth quintile, were 2.2, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.5, respectively, while the association between SF-6D and mortality was weaker or nonexistent (adjusted hazard ratios were 1.3, 1.1, 1.0, and 0.6, respectively). Compared to the SF-6D, QALYs estimated using the dEQ-5D were higher overall (5.6 v. 4.9 years), higher for persons with less debilitating conditions (e.g., hypertension, 5.0 v. 4.4 years), and lower for more debilitating conditions (e.g. depression, 2.5 v. 2.8 years). Conclusions. Compared to the SF-6D, the dEQ-5D was better able to measure individuals’ overall health; detect the differential impact of chronic conditions, particularly among persons in poorer health; and predict mortality. The HRQOL-4 questionnaire may be valuable for monitoring and improving health outcomes for the Medical HOS data set.

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Al-Mehizia, Abdulrahman A., Ahmed H. Bakheit, Seema Zargar, Mashooq A. Bhat, Majid Mohammed Asmari, and Tanveer A. Wani. "Evaluation of Biophysical Interaction between Newly Synthesized Pyrazoline Pyridazine Derivative and Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies." Journal of Spectroscopy 2019 (June 16, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3848670.

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In this research, the pyrazoline pyridazine derivative 7-methyl-2-phenyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine (5d) was studied for its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Various spectroscopic techniques along with molecular docking analysis were utilized to understand the mechanism of interaction. The quenching of BSA fluorescence by using investigational drug 5d was the basic principle for the methodology. Spectrofluorometric methods and UV-absorption studies were conducted for exploration of the 5d and BSA binding mechanism. The fluorescence quenching mechanism involved in BSA and 5d interaction was static quenching, and a complex formation also occurred between them. Both enthalpy and entropy attained positive values suggesting involvement of hydrophobic forces in BSA and 5d interaction. The Förster distance of 2.23 nm was calculated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). An alteration in BSA secondary structure was proven from the conformational studies of BSA-5d interaction. This binding interaction study provided a basis to comprehend the binding interaction between 5d and BSA. These results provided information about sites of BSA involved in its interaction with 5d.

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Дисертації з теми "4/5D"

LIBRANTZ, ANDRE F. H. "Investigacao dos processos de excitacao multifotonica da configuracao 4fsup(2)5d nos cristais de LiYFsub(4), LuLiFsub(4) e BaYsub(2)Fsub(8) dopados com neodimio trivalente." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11202.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09988.pdf: 6876378 bytes, checksum: 2340a8ae19e74e0088633e68ecefaec3 (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Rodrigues, Marta Coutinho. "Adaptação e Validação do instrumento PHQ-4 para Português Europeu e Sobrecarga Psicológica pela Gestão da Multimorbilidade em Medicina Geral e Familiar na Região Centro de Portugal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98352.

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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Introdução: A PHQ-4 é uma escala originalmente validada em inglês capaz de avaliar o estado psicológico de um indivíduo, em termos de ansiedade, depressão e distress. Objetivos: Tradução e adaptação cultural da PHQ-4 para Português Europeu. Validação concorrente e simultânea com as escalas EQ-5D e SoGeMM-MGF numa população de médicos.Métodos: Para a adaptação cultural da escala PHQ-4 realizou-se a tradução, verificação linguística e retrotradução, avaliando-se a compreensibilidade, a consistência interna e fiabilidade. Seguidamente procedeu-se à validação concorrente e simultânea com a escala EQ-5D e com a subescala “Sentimentos Negativos” do SoGeMM-MGF, numa amostra de médicos especialistas e internos de formação específica em MGF a exercer funções em ACES sob gestão da ARS do Centro. O protocolo de recolha de dados realizou-se através da divulgação de um questionário nas redes sociais de MGF e incluiu além das 3 escalas, a aquisição de informações epidemiológicas. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial, segundo a normalidade dos dados.Resultados: Na primeira fase do estudo participaram um total de 46 participantes (50% do sexo feminino, 39,1% com idade inferior a 35 anos). A PHQ-4 apresentou um alfa de Cronbach de 0,762 (teste) e 0,764 (re-teste), revelando boa consistência interna. Na segunda fase do estudo participaram um total de 91 médicos (28,6% do sexo masculino; 78,9% com menos de 45 anos). A sua validade convergente foi demostrada pela correlação positiva e significativa com a escala EQ-5D (Coeficiente de Spearman = 0,577; Significância<0,001) e com a subescala “Sentimentos Negativos” do SoGeMM-MGF (Coeficiente de Spearman = 0,518; Significância <0,001).Discussão: Este trabalho é fundamentalmente adaptado à área da Medicina Geral e Familiar, que é a especialidade que lida mais com a multimorbilidade. Deverá expandir-se a aplicação da escala PHQ-4 a outras especialidades médicas. A validação de uma escala sendo um processo contínuo implica mais estudos em outros contextos populacionais. Conclusões: O PHQ-4 revelou ser um instrumento válido e fiável, permitindo conhecer atempadamente e sem grande esforço o estado psíquico dos médicos, em termos de ansiedade, depressão e distress.
Introduction: PHQ-4 is a four-point Likert-type scale originally validated in English to measure anxiety, depression and distress as markers of mental health. Objectives: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the PHQ-4 screening tool to European Portuguese. Co-validation with the EQ-5D and the SoGeMM-MGF scales in a population of GP/FM doctors. Methods: PHQ-4 scale was translated to European Portuguese and, after linguistic verification, retro-translated to the original (English) version. Understandability, internal consistency and reliability of the final translated tool were also evaluated. The cross-culturally adapted PHQ-4 scale was then co-validated with the EQ-5D scale and the “Sentimentos Negativos – Negative Feelings” sub-scale (part of the SoGeMM-MGF scale) in a convenience population of GP/FM specialists and internees practicing in Central Portugal. Study participants were enrolled from GP/FM-related social media groups and asked to answer a questionnaire composed of the above-mentioned scales and a list of epidemiological questions as part of the data collection protocol. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, following assumption of normality.Results: A total of 46 participants (50% women, 39.1% less than 35 years) were enrolled in the first phase of the study. The PHQ-4 scale showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s Alfa of 0.762 (test) and 0.764 (retest). The second phase included 91 participants (28.5% men, 78.9% less than 45 years). The convergent validity of the PHQ-4 scale was confirmed by the positive, significant correlation with the EQ-5D scale (Spearman’s coefficient=0.577; Significance <0.001) and with the “Sentimentos Negativos – Negative Feelings” subscale (Spearman’s coefficient =0.518; Significance <0.001).Discussion: In this study, the PHQ-4 scale was adapted to support in GP/FM – the medical speciality more directly exposed to Multimorbidity. The use of this screening tool should be expanded to other medical specialities, bearing in mind that the development and validation of such a scale is a continuous process that requires further studies in different populations. Conclusion: PHQ-4 scale was proved to be a valid and reliable screening tool in assessing, in a timely and effortless way, anxiety, depression and distress as part of doctors’ mental health.

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Gouveia, Tiago Filipe Ribeiro. "Integração de ferramentas BIM na gestão de obra." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/48367.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
A adoção do BIM nos procedimentos e metodologias de trabalho tem vindo a abranger transversalmente todos os intervenientes na indústria da Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se demonstrar que a implementação de processos BIM, mais concretamente no aspeto da quantificação, coordenação e custos, são uma mais-valia face aos processos tradicionais. O trabalho teve como base a perspetiva do empreiteiro. É certo que a implementação da metodologia BIM numa empresa de construção civil ainda enfrenta alguns desafios pela frente, principalmente em termos de interoperabilidade e interligação entre softwares BIM e softwares de orçamentação. Foram essencialmente abordados dois conceitos: o BIM 4D e o BIM 5D. O 4D adiciona ao BIM 3D paramétrico a variável do tempo sendo possível incorporar no modelo um cronograma de tempo que permite simular e analisar as diferentes fases de execução da construção. A abordagem 4D integra também a deteção de conflitos entre as especialidades e a extração de quantidades. O 5D acrescenta ao BIM 4D a variável custo, permitindo aos profissionais obter uma estimativa do custo total do projeto e também estudar virtualmente as várias soluções possíveis, de forma a baixar o custo global do projeto. O desenvolvimento de um caso prático foi fundamental para demonstrar as capacidades das ferramentas BIM 4D e 5D. O caso prático passa pela análise 4D e 5D de um empreendime nto. Tudo começou com a modelação 3D do edifício. Foi utilizado o software Autodesk Revit para o processo em questão. De seguida o modelo 3D foi transferido para o software Autodesk Navisworks de forma a efetuar a análise 4D e 5D anteriormente prevista. O modelo serviu como base para uma análise de conflitos entre estruturas e arquitetura, integração dos custos por elemento do projeto, planeamento construtivo e extração de quantidades.
The adoption of BIM in procedures and methodologies has been included, transversely, in all Architecture, Engineer, Construction and Operation industry actor’s. In this dissertation, we intend to demonstrate that the implementation of BIM processes, particularly in the aspect of quantification, coordination and costs, are one more value, over the traditional processes. The job had as base the builder's perspective. However, the implementation of BIM's methodology in a construction company still faces some challenges, mainly in terms of interoperability and interconnection between BIM's software and budget's software. There were addressed mainly two concepts: the BIM 4D and the BIM 5D. The BIM 4D adds to the parametric BIM 3D the time variable to incorporate in the model one chronogram of time who allows simulation and analysis of the different phases of execution and construction. The 4D approach integrates also the detection of conflict between the specialties and the extraction of quantities. The 5D adds to 4D BIM the cost variable, allowing professionals to get the estimative of total cost of project and also to study virtually various possible solutions trying to decrease the global cost of project. The development of a practical case was fundamental to demonstrate the capabilities of BIM 4D and 5D tools. The case study involves the 4D and 5D analysis of an enterprise. Everything begins with the 3D modulation of the building. There was used Autodesk Revit software. Then the 3D model was exported to Autodesk Navisworks software to effectuate the 4D and 5D analyses previously expected. This model has been used as base for analysis of conflic ts between structures and architecture, integration of costs per element of project, constructive planning and extraction of quantities.

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Книги з теми "4/5D"

Branch, Great Britain Accidents Investigation. Report on the accident to De Havilland DHC-5D Buffalo C-GCTC at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire on 4 September 1984. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Cao, Gang, and Lance DeLong. Physics of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602025.001.0001.

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Prior to 2010, most research on the physics and chemistry of transition metal oxides was dominated by compounds of the 3d-transition elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. These materials exhibited novel, important phenomena that include giant magnetoresistance in manganites, as well as high-temperature superconductivity in doped La₂CuO₄ and related cuprates. The discovery in 1994 of an exotic superconducting state in Sr₂RuO₄ shifted some interest toward ruthenates. Moreover, the realization in 2008 that a novel variant of the classic Mott metal-insulator transition was at play in Sr₂IrO₄ provided the impetus for a burgeoning group of studies of the influence of strong spin-orbit interactions in “heavy” (4d- and 5d-) transition-element oxides. This book reviews recent experimental and theoretical evidence that the physical and structural properties of 4d- and 5d-oxides are decisively influenced by strong spin-orbit interactions that compete or collaborate with comparable Coulomb, magnetic exchange, and crystalline electric field interactions. The combined effect leads to unusual ground states and magnetic frustration that are unique to this class of materials. Novel couplings between the orbital/lattice and spin degrees of freedom, which lead to unusual types of magnetic order and other exotic phenomena, challenge current theoretical models. Of particular interest are recent investigations of iridates and ruthenates focusing on strong spin-orbit interactions that couple the lattice and spin degrees of freedom.

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Hutchison, Alastair J., and Michael L. Picton. Fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0121.

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Patients with any degree of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a much higher risk of fractures than the general population, and the risk of death at 1 year post hip fracture in a dialysis patient is over 60%, compared to less than 20% for a non-CKD patient. The assessment of fracture risk and diagnosis of the underlying skeletal pathology in CKD patients is a significant clinical challenge. Non-invasive imaging techniques are not totally reliable in the general population, and the presence of advanced CKD (stages 4, 5, and 5D) renders them largely useless. Bone strength is not determined only by quantity of bone, and renal osteodystrophy can significantly affect bone quality, rendering it liable to fracture even in the presence of a normal bone density measurement. Currently, the only reliable method of assessing both quantity and quality of bone is the examination of trans-iliac bone biopsy, which is generally, but probably incorrectly, perceived to be overly invasive. However, identifying the cause of reduced bone strength and fractures may influence the choice of therapy. For example, in the presence of low-turnover states such as adynamic bone, antiresorptive agents may be ineffective. Pharmaceuticals licensed for the treatment of osteoporosis in the general population can be used similarly in patients with CKD 1–3 without dosage alteration. In CKD 4, post-hoc analyses suggest denosumab is effective and safe, based on a 3-year study that included 73 such patients. In CKD 5 and 5D no dependable data exists to guide therapy, and it should probably be reserved for patients who have already suffered and survived a fracture, and are therefore at high risk of death from a second event.

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Частини книг з теми "4/5D"

Greiner, Wolfgang. "4 Der EQ-5D der EuroQol-Gruppe." In Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen, 411–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21700-5_15.

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"4. STRUCTURE 5D-93." In Miscellaneous Investigations in Central Tikal--The Plaza of the Seven Temples, 23–26. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781934536964-009.

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"4 STRUCTURE 5D-84." In Miscellaneous Investigations in Central Tikal--Structures in and Around the Lost World Plaza, 13–16. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781934536988-009.

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Kiyoki, Yasushi, Petchporn Chawakitchareon, Sompop Rungsupa, Xing Chen, and Kittiya Samlansin. "A Global & Environmental Coral Analysis System with SPA-Based Semantic Computing for Integrating and Visualizing Ocean-Phenomena with “5-Dimensional World-Map”." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200821.

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Semantic computing is essentially significant for realizing the semantic interpretation of natural and social phenomena and analyzes the changes of various environmental situations. The 5D World Map (5DWM) System [4,6,8] has introduced the concept of “SPA (Sensing, Processing and Analytical Actuation Functions)” for global environmental system integrations [1–4], as a global environmental knowledge sharing, analysis and integration system. Environmental knowledge base creation with 5D World Map is realized for sharing, analyzing and visualizing various information resources to the map which can facilitate global phenomena-observations and knowledge discoveries with multi-dimensional axis control mechanisms. The 5DWM is globally utilized as a Global Environmental Semantic Computing System, in SDGs 9, 11, 14, United-Nations-ESCAP: (https://sdghelpdesk.unescap.org/toolboxes) for observing and analyzing disaster, natural phenomena, ocean-water situations with local and global multimedia data resources. This paper proposes a new semantic computing method as an important approach to semantic analysis for various environmental phenomena and changes in a real world. This method realizes “Self-Contained-Knowledge-Base-Image” & “Contextual-Semantic-Interpretation” as a new concept of “Coral-Health-level Analysis in Semantic-Space for Ocean-environment” for global ocean-environmental analysis [8,9,12,18]. This computing method is applied to automatic database creation with coral-health-level analysis sensors for interpreting environmental phenomena and changes occurring in the oceans in the world. We have focused on an experimental study for creating “Coral-Health-level Analysis Semantic-Space for Ocean-environment” [8,9,12,18]. This method realizes new semantic interpretation for coral health-level with “coral-images and coral-health-level knowledge-chart”.

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Cao, Gang, and Lance E. DeLong. "Current Control of Structural and Physical Properties in Spin-Orbit- Coupled Mott Insulators." In Physics of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Oxides, 135–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602025.003.0005.

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Electrical current as a means to control structural and related physical properties has been recognized only recently. The application of small electrical currents in sensitive detector and control applications, and in information technologies, is often preferable to other external stimuli. However, until recently it has not been widely accepted that electrical current can readily couple to the lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom. Mounting experimental evidence has indicated that a combination of strong spin-orbit interactions and a distorted crystal structure in magnetic Mott insulators may be sufficient for electrical current to control structural and related properties. Current control of quantum states in 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides has therefore rapidly expanded as a key research topic. This chapter presents two model systems, Ca₂RuO₄ and Sr₂IrO₄, in which applied current effectively controls the lattice, and thus the physical properties.

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Robinson, Marin S., Fredricka L. Stoller, Molly Constanza-Robinson, and James K. Jones. "Writing the Discussion Section." In Write Like a Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367423.003.0011.

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This chapter focuses on the Discussion section, the last part of the standard IMRD structure for a journal article. The Discussion section, as mentioned in chapter 4, can stand alone or can be part of a combined Results and Discussion (R&D) section. In either case, it serves the same major purpose: to interpret the results of the study. In this chapter, we analyze excerpts from various Discussion sections, including those that accompany results presented in chapter 4 (excerpts 4B–4G). Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to do the following: ■ Organize a Discussion section following the major moves ■ Interpret your results (but avoid overinterpretation) ■ Describe the greater importance of your findings ■ Follow appropriate writing conventions As you work through this chapter, you will write a Discussion section for your own paper. The Writing on Your Own tasks throughout the chapter will guide you step by step as you do the following: 5A Read the literature 5B Prepare to write 5C Draft your Discussion section 5D Practice peer review 5E Fine-tune your Discussion section In the Discussion section of a journal article, authors interpret their data, address why and how questions (e.g., Why was the reaction faster? How did the mechanism proceed?), and, ultimately, extend their findings to a larger context (e.g., What value will these findings have to the scientific community?). Ideally, the Discussion section explains the story revealed by the data, postulates reasons for the observed behaviors, and furthers our fundamental understanding of the underlying science. Although interpretation is the primary goal of the Discussion section, authors must be careful not to overinterpret their data, misinterpret their results, overstate their assumptions, or stray too far from scientific evidence. The excerpts selected for this chapter illustrate ways to avoid these pitfalls. Similarly, the excerpts illustrate that the language of the Discussion section is typified by restraint and understatement. Such words as fact, truth, and prove are rarely used in a Discussion section. Hedging words, such as theory and evidence, are much more common, as are such verbs as appear, indicate, seem, and suggest.

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Böse, Margot. "The Last Glaciation and Geomorphology." In The Physical Geography of Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277759.003.0013.

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The Weichselian ice sheets were smaller than those of the preceding Middle Pleistocene and covered only the north-eastern part of the German lowland, as well as the eastern and northern parts of the Jutland peninsula. The Late Weichselian (Late Devensian) ice sheet also covered the northern part of the North Sea Basin (Ehlers and Wingfield 1991). The young morainic landscape still has distinct morphological features distinguishing it from the old morainic areas with relief shaped by the long-lasting periglacial processes during the Weichselian. The area of the last glaciation is easily recognizable on topographical maps owing to the irregular relief and the numerous lakes that are still preserved today. This scenic landscape also features end moraines and kames, till plains, and huge meltwater valleys (pradolinas or Urstromtäler), as well as a complex drainage system. The general climatic development of the last interglacial- glacial-Holocene cycle can be interpreted from curves showing the ratio of the oxygen isotopes 18O and 16O in deep-sea sediments, which is indirectly indicative of the growth of ice masses worldwide. The different OIS (Oxygen Isotope Stages) are numbered, with uneven numbers representing the relatively warmer phases. OIS 5e corresponds to the Eemian Interglacial. The stages 5d–5a represent the Early Weichselian, which is colder than the preceding interglacial but is subdivided into stadials and interstadials. The Brørup interstadial s.l., including both the Amersfoort (5c) and the Odderade interstadial (5a), is characterized by boreal forests in this part of Europe. OIS 4 marks the onset of the Middle Weichselian or Pleniglacial, and is the first stage involving much lower temperatures and the growth of considerable ice masses. This is probably the time when a real inland ice sheet started to grow in Fennoscandia. OIS 3, the middle part of the Pleniglacial, is represented by several climatic changes. The interstadials—or intervals, as they are also called—such as Oerel, Glinde, Moershoofd, Hengelo, and Denekamp—are well documented by terrestrial palynological records of a herb and shrub bush vegetation (van der Hammen et al. 1967; Behre 1989; Caspers and Freund 2001).

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Macagnan, Dieisom Henrique, and Abrahão Bernardo Rohden. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICATIVO PARA ESTIMATIVA E ATUALIZAÇÃO DE CUSTOS DE OBRA EM TEMPO REAL – BIM 5D." In Coleção desafios das engenharias: Engenharia civil 4, 1–22. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5332102121.

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"PRICES AND WAGES IN ENGLAND which by their level of prices fit a dozen of 12 and exclude a dozen of 20. Thus in 1400 there are two purchases of 1 doz. for 1s. 5d. and of 11 skins for 1s. 5d. In 1426 there are three purchases of 2 doz. for 5s., of 1 doz. for 3s., and of 6 for 1s. 4d. In 1466 3 skins for 8 1/2d. (i.e. 2.83d. each) compare with 2 doz. and 3 bought for 5s. 6d. in 1464 and 5 doz. and 10 bought for 12s. 6 1/2d. in 1465 ; with the dozen taken as 12, the price per unit of the small purchase in 1466 is higher than the price per unit in 1465 though not unreasonably higher, but would be out of all proportion with the dozen as 20. In 1568 purchases of 3 for 1s. and 18 for 6s. give a price of 4s. for 12 which is the price “ per dozen ” in each of the preceding five years 1563–67. After 1584 practically all purchases are by number, but all the few entries by the dozen by their price level fit a dozen of 12 and practically exclude one of 20. Acceptance of the exceptional entries of 1531 and 1533 as correctly recorded would mean, therefore, that, in a nearly continuous record, dozen changed from meaning 12 to meaning 20 and back again without any note of any kind in the record itself, and that for these two years or their surrounding decades dozen had a meaning in relation to parchment of which there is no trace in any other institution or in any of the material collected by Thorold Rogers. It is simpler to assume that the scribe in 1531 and 1533 made a slip in writing 4 score for 4 doz. and this assumption is made in tabulating the prices by the dozen and treating the dozen throughout as 12. It should be added that in 1579 a purchase is recorded of 5 doz. and 10 for 33s. 2d. at 6s. per doz. Since this occurs between and close to years when the dozen is certainly 12 (1568 and 1584), it may be another illustration of error in writing 1/2 score for 1/2 doz. This entry is discarded in tabulation as there is another straightforward entry at 6s. per doz. in the same year. The entries of 1531 and 1533 are tabulated with a warning. From 1646 two levels of price are apparent, the higher prices being specified as for large or great skins from 1675 to 1678. Occasionally three different prices occur in one year, presumably at times of changing prices, and it is sometimes difficult to decide whether the middle price belongs to the lower or to the higher level (1667 9s., 11s. and." In Prices and Wages in England, 128. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315031385-99.

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"PRICES AND WAGES IN ENGLAND cloth at 36s. per piece and cloth for clerks of the Chapel and servants at 40s. per piece. (Cloth for clerks of the Chapel in 1394 is included with the purchase of scholars’ cloth.) Scholars’ and servants’ cloth at slightly different prices in 1554–55 have been averaged. In 1556 when a money allowance was made to scholars the price for servants’ cloth is given in the table. In 1610–38 the total sum paid for liveries is frequently the only information given in the Bursars’ Books and prices cannot therefore always be obtained. In 1620 an entry for 145 yds. for £56 13s. 9d. has been omitted. The quantity is probably incomplete and the price unaltered at 5s. per yd. (120s. per piece). In 1626 an exceptional purchase of 21 doz. 7 ells at 3.45s. per ell is omitted. In 1534–36 and 1538–39 4 or 8 doz. yds. were bought annually at 36s. for 24 yds. These quantities suggest that this cheaper cloth was being bought for choristers, a pur chase afterwards made at the same price as scholars’ cloth. Prices of coloured cloth for grooms conform with scholars’ and servants’ cloth from about 1450 but are on a slightly lower level before this date, showing irregular differences of from 1d. to 5d. per yd. They are not tabulated. The tax of 8d. in the £ levied from June 1548 to Novem ber 1549 seems obscured by a rise in price in a much greater proportion from 1547 to 1550, followed by a level still above that of the period before the tax." In Prices and Wages in England, 108. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315031385-79.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4/5D"

Lunde, P., M. Vestrheim, Reidar Bo, S. Smorgrav, and A. K. Abrahamsen. "5D-4 Reciprocal Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Criteria and Applications." In 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2007.105.

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Packer, Douglas L. "4/5D imaging for guiding intracardiac and extracorporeal ablation of cardiac arrhythmias (Presentation Recording)." In Physics of Medical Imaging, edited by Christoph Hoeschen, Despina Kontos, and Thomas G. Flohr. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2087633.

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Nagata, H., S. Matsuzawa, Y. Hiruma, and T. Takenaka. "5D-4 Piezoelectric Properties of Nd and V Co-Substituted Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics for Resonator Applications." In 2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2006.100.

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Chernovetz, B. V., A. V. Feopentov, F. F. Grekov, S. B. Mikhrim, Alexander N. Mishin, and Alexander S. Potapov. "5d-4f radiative transitions in Ce-doped Si 3-x Al x O y N 4-y solid solutions." In XI Feofilov Symposium on Spectropscopy of Crystals Activated by Rare-Earth and Transition Metal Ions, edited by Alexander A. Kaplyanskii, Boris Z. Malkin, and Sergey I. Nikitin. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.475328.

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Morais, Maister Henrique Lobato de, Adriane Brod Manta, Marcia Cristina Pereira Maduell, Valdir Rosado Martins Junior, Aline Fritzen Binsfeld, and Bruna Schneider dos Santos. "Anencefalia: um relato de caso." In 45º Congresso da SGORJ XXIV Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-20211311115.

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Introdução: Os defeitos do tubo neural são a segunda causa mais comum de malformações congênitas. Afetam de 0,5 a duas gestações em cada mil, sendo os principais a anencefalia e a mielomeningocele. A anencefalia consiste em falha no fechamento da extremidade anterior do tubo neural e pode ser subdividida em merocrania, quando o crânio e o cérebro anterior são afetados e algumas funções vegetativas são preservadas, e holocrania, quando a falha no fechamento está na parte posterior do cérebro e ossos do crânio. Relato de caso: E.M.B., 22 anos, A+, G2Pc1, IG 39s+5d (ultrassonografia em 4 de dezembro de 2018, com 19s+5d) procurou atendimento no serviço de obstetrícia no dia 23 de abril de 2019, apresentando US obstétrica que mostrava sistema nervoso central (SNC) com ausência de calota craniana, configurando quadro de anencefalia. Foi indicado parto cesáreo. O recém-nascido faleceu dois dias após o nascimento. A paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória, foi inibida a lactação e foi dada a alta dada para acompanhamento ambulatorial. Conclusão: A falha no fechamento do tubo neural entre a 3ª e a 4ª semanas (entre o 23º e o 26º dia do embrião) resulta na ausência total ou parcial da calota craniana (crânio e couro cabeludo) e do cérebro. Sendo assim, embora o termo “anencefalia” (do grego an, “sem”, e enkephalos, “encéfalo”) seja comumente usado, ele não seria totalmente correto, pois o encéfalo (constituído de cérebro, cerebelo e tronco encefálico) não está completamente ausente, pois tronco encefálico, cerebelo, diencéfalo e partes do telencéfalo estão em geral presentes. É conhecido que condições socioeconômicas, condições ambientais (por exemplo, deficiência de ácido fólico) e influência genética (mutação de metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase; alteração na regulação de microRNA, via mitogen-activated protein kinase) são alguns dos fatores que podem levar a esses quadros. Entretanto, a etiologia exata da anencefalia ainda é desconhecida. A maioria dos recém-nascidos anencéfalos morre em dias ou semanas após o parto. Assim como na literatura, não se encontrou fator de etiologia para o concepto anencefálico relatado no caso. Surpreende o fato de que, mesmo com o diagnóstico sendo realizado com 19s+5d e tendo amparo legal, a paciente só procurou o serviço tardiamente.

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Niay, P., P. Bernage, M. Douay, T. Taunay, W. X. Xie, G. Martinelli, J. F. Bayon, H. Poignant, and E. Delevaque. "Bragg Grating Photoinscription within Various Types of Fibers and Glasses." In Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.sua.1.

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Optical fiber photosensitivity can be triggered by photochemical processes associated with a large variety of dopants. Thus, photosensitivity in germanosilicate fibers has been related to absorption of light at a germanium defect absorption band located near 5 eV [1] [2]. Photosensitivity in rare-earth doped glasses or optical fibers has been demonstrated by pumping of ion transitions. For example, we have recently reported permanent index changes in Ce3+ doped ZBLAN, HBLAN and ZBLALi fluorozirconate glasses or fibers through the pumping of 4f → 5d Ce3+ transitions using a pulsed laser [3] [4]. In most of the experiments dealing with rare-earth or germanium doped glasses or fibers, it was reported that grating inscriptions led to broad absorption changes which were attributed to photoinduced charge transfer from donors to trap sites. This suggests that charge transfer is a common effect involved in grating photoinscription within all the up to now studied insulating glass fibers. Experiments have been carried out with a view to finding other analogies or differences between photosensitive behaviors of gratings written in various glasses. The aim of the talk is to report results of these experiments with a specific emphasis on the dynamics of grating formation.

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Kononov, V. N., M. V. Bokhovko, P. P. Dyachenko, V. V. Korobkin, Yu A. Prokhorov, V. I. Regushevskiv, and V. N. Smolskiy. "Nuclear Reactor Pumped Lasing Experiments on Fast Burst Reactor." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctud7.

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The concept of using nuclear energy to pump a laser by fission fragments of uranium can potentially be used to create large high power lasers that cannot be matched by other laser svstems[1]. That is possible owing to a high energy capacity of fission reactor and high penetration ability of neutrons in uranium multiplication systems. In the framework of designing of Energy Model of a Pulse Nuclear Reactor Pumped Laser System in IPPE[1] it was performed lasing experiments on 235U fission fragments pumping of 5d-6p atomic xenon 1.73 µm transition with 2 core fast burst reactor BARS-6 as a neutron source. The laser cell is a thin wall stainless steel tube 49 mm outer diameter and 400 mm lenth with internal 2.7 mg/cm2 235UO2 coating and filled Ar-Xe mixture (200: l) at 380 Torr. The laser cavity was formed by 6 m radius gold mirror and flat dielectric output coupler with reflectivity of 95% at 1.73 µm. The laser cell was surrounded by the 5 cm thick poliethylen moderator. In Fig. 1 thermal neutrons and laser output signal are shown. Thermal neutrons fluence was measured using Au radioactive indicator and was 1.7·1012 n/cm2. In Fig. 2 results of "master oscillator - two round trip amplifier" experiment are shown. As amplifier it was used a similar tube filled Ar-Xe mixture 2500 mm length with internal 5 µm thickness metal 235U coating and with optical windows. The energy gain in amplifier tube was ~ 4.

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Ye, Yi, Xueying Li, Jing Ren, and Hongde Jiang. "Effect of Holes Shape on Cooling Performance of Trailing Edge of Gas Turbine Blade With Perforated Blockages With Inclined Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63219.

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In this paper, we conduct an experimental and computational study about trailing edge cooling of a gas turbine blade with perforated blockages with inclined holes. The internal cooling passage is modeled as a wide square channel with 2 parallel blockages. There are 7 inclined holes in each blockages. The holes have an inclined angle of 30°, and the adjacent impingement holes have opposite orientations with each other, so that both up and down wall could be cooled. There are 2 patterns of configurations. The basic one has round shape holes with a diameter of 20 mm (D). The second one has oval shape hole which is made up of two parallel lines with the length of 20mm and two opposite semicircle with a diameter of 20 mm. This design is aimed at enlarging the opening area of the blockages. The height of the cooling channel is 2D and the width of the cooling channels is 20D. The space between each hole is 3D. The distance between two blockages is 5D. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of holes shape on heat transfer performance, both heat transfer coefficient and friction factor are evaluated. Heat transfer coefficient is measured using transient liquid crystal method. And pressure dissipation is measured by three holes probe. The Reynolds Number ranges from 10000 to 20000. The result shows that round shape structure has the highest average heat transfer coefficient as well as the highest friction factor. And oval shape structure has the lowest average heat transfer as well as the lowest friction factor. The main reason of this phenomenon is opening area ratio. Oval shape structure has bigger opening area and lower flow resistance. Round shape structure has a lower opening area ratio which result in stronger impingement flow. To investigate the flow characteristic of these structures in detail, numerical simulations was conducted. The mesh for each structure contains approximately 4 million cells. The result shows a clear picture of flow inside the inclined holes.

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Valiakhmetov, Rustem, Andrea Murineddu, Murat Zhiyenkulov, Viktor Maliar, Viktor Bugriy, Grigori Kashuba, Valentyn Loktiev, et al. "Geophysical Aspects of Reservoir Characterization of Tight Gas Play in the Dnieper-Donets Basin." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208501-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this work is to describe a comprehensive approach integrating seismic data processing and sets of wireline logs for reservoir characterization of one of the tight gas plays of the Dnieper-Donets basin. This paper intends to discuss a case study from seismic data processing, integrating seismic attributes with formation properties from logs in a geocellular model for sweet spot selection and risk analysis. The workflow during the project included the following steps. Seismic data 3D processing, including 5D interpolation and PSTM migration. Interpretation of limited log data from 4 exploration and appraisal wells. Seismic interpretation and inversion. Building a static model of the field. Recommendations for drilling locations. Evaluation of the drilled well to verify input parameters of the initial model. The static model integrated all available subsurface data and used inverted seismic attributes calibrated to the available logs to constrain the property modelling. Then various deterministic and stochastic approaches were used for facies modeling and estimation of gas-in-place volume. Integrating all the available data provides insights for better understating the reservoir distribution and provided recommendations for drilling locations. Based on the combination of the geocellular model, seismic attributes and seismic inversion results, the operator drilled an exploration well. The modern set of petrophysical logs acquired in the recently drilled well enforced prior knowledge and delivered a robust picture of the tight gas reservoir. The results from the drilled well matched predicted formation properties very closely, which added confidence in the technical approach applied in this study and similar studies that followed later. It is the fork in the road moment for the Dnieper-Donetsk basin with huge tight gas potential in the region that inspires for exploration of other prospects and plays. A synergy of analytical methods with a combination of seismic processing, geomodeling, and reservoir characterization approaches allowed accurate selection of the drilling targets with minimum risk of "dry hole" that has been vindicated by successful drilling outcome in a new exploration well.

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Khalili, Fardin, Pradip Majumdar, and Mehdi Zeyghami. "Far-Field Noise Prediction of Wind Turbines at Different Receivers and Wind Speeds: A Computational Study." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53006.

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Far-field noise propagation from wind turbines propel development of wind farms to an issue for public acceptance. Airstream contains pressure fluctuations as a result of instability, giving a regular eddy pattern or an irregular turbulent motion which are responsible for the sound produced by wind turbine blades. Aeroacoustic noise emanated from a wind turbine is mainly generated by the interactions of tip and trailing edge of wind turbine blades with the mechanics in wake region such as inflow turbulence structures, boundary layer separation and vortex shedding. Hence, there is a strong necessity for an analytical investigation for noise reducing design and development of the technology in order to further expand wind farms. The objectives of this study are to analyze the far-field aeroacoustics of wind turbines with the purpose of predicting far-field sound pressure levels at different receivers and monitoring total acoustic power captured within wind turbine performance for various wind speeds. Blades are modeled based on NREL S825 airfoil since it has high maximum lift and low profile drag. With the purpose of predicting far-field noise, the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustics model is the preferred method in order to compute the far-field sound signal which is released from near-field flow. As the key attribute of the research, detached eddy simulation (DES) provides accurate results for the desired simulation since it is a hybrid modeling approach that combines features of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation in boundary layers and irrotational flow regions, and large-eddy simulation (LES) in unsteady separation regions. In addition, SST K-Omega detached eddy turbulence model is used due to its good compromise between robustness, computational cost and accuracy. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic analysis of a wind turbine is performed using a three-dimensional model and a commercial CFD Software, STAR-CCM+. In order to predict far-field sound pressure levels and acoustic powers on different locations, five point receivers are defined downstream of the wind turbine model. Receivers are placed one diameter, D, over the wind turbine rotor blades with 1D, 2D, 5D, 10D and 15D away from the wind turbine that represent receivers 1 to 5. Higher acoustic powers are delivered at closer receivers. It means that acoustic power fades out with larger distances. It is observed that there is a fractional variation of 61%, 17%, 6% and 3% as compared to the receiver 1 for receivers 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Moreover, the results show that variation in total acoustic power is non-linear and higher acoustic powers will be captured for higher velocities. This comparison is done between wind speeds of 10m/s and 15m/s.

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