Статті в журналах: "3dsi"

1

Li, Zhouxiao, Thilo Ludwig Schenck, Riccardo Enzo Giunta, Lucas Etzel, and Konstantin Christoph Koban. "Nonsubjective Assessment of Shape, Volume and Symmetry during Breast Augmentation with Handheld 3D Device." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144002.

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Three-dimensional Surface Imaging (3DSI) has become a valuable tool for planning and documenting surgical procedures. Although surface scanners have allowed for a better understanding of breast shape, size, and asymmetry during patient consultation, its use has not been included in intraoperative assessment so far. Validation of the reliability of the intraoperative use of a portable handheld 3DSI equipment as a tool to evaluate morphological changes during breast augmentation surgery. The patients who underwent bilateral subpectoral breast augmentation through an inframammary incision were included in this study. Intraoperative 3DSI was performed with the Artec Eva device, allowing for visualization of the surgical area before incision, after use of breast sizers and implant, and after wound closure. Intraoperatively manual measurements of breast distances and volume changes due to known sizer and implant volumes were in comparison with digital measurements calculated from 3DSI of the surgical area. Bilateral breasts of 40 patients were 3D photographed before incision and after suture successfully. A further 108 implant sizer uses were digitally documented. There was no significant difference between manual tape measurement and digital breast distance measurement. Pre- to postoperative 3D volume change showed no significant difference to the known sizer and implant volume.

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Li, Zhouxiao, Yimin Liang, Thilo Ludwig Schenck, Konstantin Frank, Riccardo Enzo Giunta, and Konstantin Christoph Koban. "Investigating the Reliability of Novel Nasal Anthropometry Using Advanced Three-Dimensional Digital Stereophotogrammetry." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010060.

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Three-dimensional surface imaging systems (3DSI) provide an effective and applicable approach for the quantification of facial morphology. Several researchers have implemented 3D techniques for nasal anthropometry; however, they only included limited classic nasal facial landmarks and parameters. In our clinical routines, we have identified a considerable number of novel facial landmarks and nasal anthropometric parameters, which could be of great benefit to personalized rhinoplasty. Our aim is to verify their reliability, thus laying the foundation for the comprehensive application of 3DSI in personalized rhinoplasty. We determined 46 facial landmarks and 57 anthropometric parameters. A total of 110 volunteers were recruited, and the intra-assessor, inter-assessor, and intra-method reliability of nasal anthropometry were assessed through 3DSI. Our results displayed the high intra-assessor reliability of MAD (0.012–0.29, 0.003–0.758 mm), REM (0.008–1.958%), TEM (0–0.06), rTEM (0.001–0.155%), and ICC (0.77–0.995); inter-assessor reliability of 0.216–1.476, 0.003–2.013 mm; 0.01–7.552%, 0–0.161, and 0.001–1.481%, 0.732–0.985, respectively; and intra-method reliability of 0.006–0.598°, 0–0.379 mm; 0 0.984%, 0–0.047, and 0–0.078%, 0.996–0.998, respectively. This study provides conclusive evidence for the high reliability of novel facial landmarks and anthropometric parameters for comprehensive nasal measurements using the 3DSI system. Considering this, the proposed landmarks and parameters could be widely used for digital planning and evaluation in personalized rhinoplasty, otorhinolaryngology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery.

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Etzel, Lucas, Thilo L. Schenck, Riccardo E. Giunta, Zhouxiao Li, Ya Xu, and Konstantin C. Koban. "Digital Leg Volume Quantification: Precision Assessment of a Novel Workflow Based on Single Capture Three-dimensional Whole-Body Surface Imaging." Journal of Digital Imaging 34, no. 5 (September 28, 2021): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00493-8.

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AbstractWhole-body three-dimensional surface imaging (3DSI) offers the ability to monitor morphologic changes in multiple areas without the need to individually scan every anatomical region of interest. One area of application is the digital quantification of leg volume. Certain types of morphology do not permit complete circumferential scan of the leg surface. A workflow capable of precisely estimating the missing data is therefore required. We thus aimed to describe and apply a novel workflow to collect bilateral leg volume measurements from whole-body 3D surface scans regardless of leg morphology and to assess workflow precision. For each study participant, whole-body 3DSI was conducted twice successively in a single session with subject repositioning between scans. Paired samples of bilateral leg volume were calculated from the 3D surface data, with workflow variations for complete and limited leg surface visibility. Workflow precision was assessed by calculating the relative percent differences between repeated leg volumes. A total of 82 subjects were included in this study. The mean relative differences between paired left and right leg volumes were 0.73 ± 0.62% and 0.82 ± 0.65%. The workflow variations for completely and partially visible leg surfaces yielded similarly low values. The workflow examined in this study provides a precise method to digitally monitor leg volume regardless of leg morphology. It could aid in objectively comparing medical treatment options of the leg in a clinical setting. Whole-body scans acquired using the described 3DSI routine may allow simultaneous assessment of other changes in body morphology after further validation.

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Fischer, Daniel. "3DS3 and 3DS5 3D-SHOTGUN meta-predictors in CAFASP3." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 53, S6 (2003): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10537.

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Deery, David M., Greg J. Rebetzke, Jose A. Jimenez-Berni, Anthony G. Condon, David J. Smith, Kathryn M. Bechaz, and William D. Bovill. "Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat." Plant Phenomics 2020 (May 26, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/8329798.

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Highly repeatable, nondestructive, and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass (AGB) and crop growth rate (CGR) are important for wheat improvement programs. This study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR: 3D voxel index (3DVI) and 3D profile index (3DPI). Across three field experiments, contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture, several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to anthesis. Phenotypic correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant, ranging from 0.31 (P<0.05) to 0.86 (P<0.0001), providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for AGB. The repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB, particularly under water limitation. The correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between experiments. However, across all experiments, the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB, except for the 3DPI in the water-limited environment. In our experiments, the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB, both at discrete time points and when CGR was calculated. These findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR, as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR, for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

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6

Chen, Shannon, Zhenhuan Gao, Klara Nahrstedt, and Indranil Gupta. "3DTI Amphitheater." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 11, no. 2s (February 24, 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2700297.

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7

Lynch, Paul, C. R. Hasbrouck, Joseph Wilck, Michael Kay, and Guha Manogharan. "Challenges and opportunities to integrate the oldest and newest manufacturing processes: metal casting and additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2019-0277.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the current state, technological challenges, economic opportunities and future directions in the growing “indirect” hybrid manufacturing ecosystem, which integrates traditional metal casting with the production of tooling via additive manufacturing (AM) process including three-dimensional sand printing (3DSP) and printed wax patterns. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted among 100 participants from foundries and AM service providers across the USA to understand the current adoption of AM in metal casting as a function of engineering specifications, production demand, volume and cost metrics. In addition, current technological and logistical challenges that are encountered by the foundries are identified to gather insight into the future direction of this evolving supply chain. Findings One of the major findings from this study is that hard tooling costs (i.e. patterns/core boxes) are the greatest challenge in low volume production for foundries. Hence, AM and 3DSP offer the greatest cost-benefit for these low volume production runs as it does not require the need for hard tooling to produce much higher profit premium castings. It is evident that there are major opportunities for the casting supply chain to benefit from an advanced digital ecosystem that seamlessly integrates AM and 3DSP into foundry operations. The critical challenges for adoption of 3DSP in current foundry operations are categorized into as follows: capital cost of the equipment, which cannot be justified due to limited demand for 3DSP molds/cores by casting buyers, transportation of 3DSP molds and cores, access to 3DSP, limited knowledge of 3DSP, limitations in current design tools to integrate 3DSP design principles and long lead times to acquire 3DSP molds/cores. Practical implications Based on the findings of this study, indirect hybrid metal AM supply chains, i.e. 3DSP metal casting supply chains is proposed, as 3DSP replaces traditional mold-making in the sand casting process flow, no/limited additional costs and resources would be required for qualification and certification of the cast parts made from three-dimensional printed sand molds. Access to 3DSP resources can be addressed by establishing a robust 3DSP metal casting supply chain, which will also enable existing foundries to rapidly acquire new 3DSP-related knowledge. Originality/value This original survey from 100 small and medium enterprises including foundries and AM service providers suggests that establishing 3DSP hubs around original equipment manufacturers as a shared resource to produce molds and cores would be beneficial. This provides traditional foundries means to continue mass production of castings using existing hard tooling while integrating 3DSP for new complex low volume parts, replacement parts, legacy parts and prototyping.

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Sumathi, K., P. Ananthalakshmi, M. N. A. Md Roshan, and K. Sekar. "3dSS: 3D structural superposition." Nucleic Acids Research 34, Web Server (July 1, 2006): W128—W132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl036.

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Pallas, A., C. H. Meyer, and D. Mojon. "Nintendo 3DS." Der Ophthalmologe 110, no. 3 (December 8, 2012): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-012-2696-7.

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10

Zhang, Fanghua, Jie Cao, Qun Hao, Kaiyu Zhang, Yang Cheng, Yingbo Wang, and Yongchao Feng. "Combining Non-Uniform Time Slice and Finite Difference to Improve 3D Ghost Imaging." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020418.

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Three-dimensional ghost imaging (3DGI) using a detector is widely used in many applications. The performance of 3DGI based on a uniform time slice is difficult to improve because obtaining an accurate time-slice position remains a challenge. This paper reports a novel structure based on non-uniform time slice combined with finite difference. In this approach, finite difference is beneficial to improving sensitivity of zero crossing to accurately obtain the position of the target in the field of view. Simultaneously, non-uniform time slice is used to quickly obtain 3DGI on an interesting target. Results show that better performances of 3DGI are obtained by our proposed method compared to the traditional method. Moreover, the relation between time slice and the signal-noise-ratio of 3DGI is discussed, and the optimal differential distance is obtained, thus motivating the development of a high-performance 3DGI.

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Heo, Seoyoon, and Wansuk Choi. "Designing and Analyzing 3D-Printed Personal Steering Controller for Outdoor Electric-Powered Wheelchair Users: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Stroke Patients." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062743.

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While the physical conditions of stroke patients are diverse, the joystick-type steering controller of the electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) is almost the same, making the user uncomfortable and not fully utilizing the function of the wheelchair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the EPW steering controller, specifically the so-called joystick type (3DSC; 3D-printed steering controller, conventional steering controllers; CSC), on surface electromyography (sEMG), Wheelchair Skills Test 4.2 (WST), and QUEST 2.0. The participants were 23 hemiplegic stroke patients (14 males and 9 females) (range 40–65 years) recruited from multi-center process. The 3DSC manufacturing process used a scanner (Precision Laser Probe SLP-500) and a modelling program (SOLIDWORKS 2015). The CSC users’ muscle activities were generally higher than those of the 3DSC users in both males and females (p < 0.05). WST total performance score of CSC is statistically significantly lower than those of 3DSC for both males (3DSC = 49.28 ± 2.19; CSC = 42.85 ± 4.31) (z = −3.935; p < 0.05) and females (3DSC = 48.17 ± 0.44; CSC = 41.11 ± 0.78) (z = −1.910; p < 0.05). QUEST 2.0 scores in CSC (male = 2.40 ± 0.70; female = 2.11 ± 0.78) were significantly lower than those of 3DSC (male = 3.50 ± 0.85; female = 2.90 ± 0.51) in effectiveness categories (p < 0.05). We suggest that 3DSC contributes to reducing the user’s muscle activities and raising the scores of WST performance and QUEST.

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Gao, Xiaojiang, Darlene Marti, Pete Karacki, Pat Martin, and Mary Canrrington. "Characterization of KIR3DL1/3DS1 subtypes." Human Immunology 64, no. 10 (October 2003): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.020.

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Hsu, Huang-Jan, Shyh-Yuan Lee, Cho-Pei Jiang, and Richard Lin. "A comparison of the marginal fit and mechanical properties of a zirconia dental crown using CAM and 3DSP." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 1187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2018-0053.

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Purpose This study aims to compare the marginal fit, flexural strength and hardness for a ceramic premolar that is constructed using dental computer aided machining (CAM) and three-dimensional slurry printing (3DSP). Design/methodology/approach Dental CAM and 3DSP are used to fabricate a premolar model. To reduce the fabrication time for 3DSP, a new composition of solvent-free slurry is proposed. Before it is fabricated, the dimensions of the green body for the premolar model are enlarged to account for the shrinkage ratio. A two-stage sintering process ensures accurate final dimensions for the premolar model. The surface morphology of the green body and the sintered premolars that are produced using the two methods is then determined using scanning electronic microscopy. The sintered premolars are seated on a stone model to determine the marginal gap using an optical microscope. The hardness and the flexural strength are also measured for the purpose of comparison. Findings The developed solvent-free slurry for 3DSP can be used to produce a premolar green body without micro-cracks or delamination. The maximal marginal gap for the sintered premolar parts that are constructed using the green bodies from dental CAM is 98.9 µm and that from 3DSP is 72 µm. Both methods produce a highly dense zirconia premolar using the same sintering conditions. The hardness value for the dental CAM group is 1238.8 HV, which is slightly higher than that for the 3DSP group (1189.4 HV) because there is a difference in the pre-processing of the initial ceramic materials. However, the flexural strength for 3DSP is 716.76 MPa, which is less than the requirement for clinical use. Originality/value This study verifies that 3DSP can be used to fabricate a zirconia dental restoration device that is as good as the one that is produced using the dental CAM system and which has a marginal gap that is smaller than the threshold value. The resulting premolar restoration devices that are produced by sintering the green bodies that are produced using 3DSP and dental CAM under the same conditions have a similar hardness value, which is four times greater than that of enamel. The flexural strength of 3DSP does not meet the requirement for clinical use.

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ter Haar, Frank Bart, Frank Ruis, and Bastian Thomas van Manen. "A 3D World Interpreter System for Safe Autonomous Crane Operation." Robotics 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics13020023.

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In an effort to improve short-sea shipping in Europe, we present a 3D world interpreter (3DWI) system as part of a robotic container-handling system. The 3DWI is an advanced sensor suite combined with AI-based software and the communication infrastructure to connect to both the crane control and the shore control center. On input of LiDAR data and stereo captures, the 3DWI builds a world model of the operating environment and detects containers. The 3DWI and crane control are the core of an autonomously operating crane that monitors the environment and may trigger an emergency stop while alerting the remote operator of the danger. During container handling, the 3DWI scans for human activity and continuously updates a 3D-Twin model for the operator, enabling situational awareness. The presented methodology includes the sensor suite design, creation of the world model and the 3D-Twin, innovations in AI-detection software, and interaction with the crane and operator. Supporting experiments quantify the performance of the 3DWI, its AI detectors, and safety measures; the detectors reach the top of VisDrone’s leaderboard and the pilot tests show the safe autonomous operation of the crane.

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Bilia, Marilisa B., and Solange A. Rodrigues. "Inquérito 10 (3DI)." Revista de Italianística 5, no. 5 (December 30, 1997): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-8281.v5i5p225-240.

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Tamborini, Gloria, Valentina Mantegazza, Anna Garlaschè, Manuela Muratori, Laura Fusini, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Claudia Cefalù, et al. "Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073.

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MitraClip (MC) is the most common percutaneous treatment for severe mitral regurgitation (MR). An accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic (3DTEE) imaging is mandatory for the optimal procedural result. Recently transillumination 3DTEE rendering (3DTr) has been introduced integrating a virtual light source into the dataset and with the addition of glass effect (3DGl) allows to adjust tissue transparency improving depth perception and anatomical structure delineation in comparison with the standard 3DTEE (3DSt). The aim of this retrospective study in 30 patients undergoing MC, was to compare 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl in mitral valve (MV) evaluation and procedural result assessment. 3DTEE acquisitions obtained before and after MC were processed with 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl rendering. Each reconstruction was scored for quality and for ability to recognize MV anatomy, MR origin, clip position, dimension and grasping. Imaging quality was judged good or optimal in 52%, 76%, and 96% in 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl reconstructions respectively. In 26/30 patients a diagnostic incremental value was found with 3DTr vs. 3DSt and in 15/26 with 3DGl vs. 3DTr and 3DSt. Only 3DGl with perpendicular cropping of the clip allowed to visualize and measure the grasped portion of each mitral leaflets. 3DTEE imaging during MC may be improved by 3DTr and 3DGl providing a better evaluation of MV, of leaflet grasping and of residual MR jets after MC.

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Nishimori, Yasushi, Kohji Iida, Masahiko Furusawa, Yong Tang, Kozo Tokuyama, Sanae Nagai, and Yoshihiro Nishiyama. "The development and evaluation of a three-dimensional, echo-integration method for estimating fish-school abundance." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 6 (March 28, 2009): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp053.

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Abstract Nishimori, Y., Iida, K., Furusawa, M., Tang, Y., Tokuyama, K., Nagai, S., and Nishiyama, Y. 2009. The development and evaluation of a three-dimensional, echo-integration method for estimating fish-school abundance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1037–1042. A three-dimensional, echo-integration method (3DEI) which uses scanning-sonar observations of a fish school to estimate its backscattering cross section (σbss = Nσbs) was developed. Coupled with a modelled estimate of the average backscattering cross section of individual fish (σbs), the 3DEI theoretically allows estimation of the number of fish in a school (N). To test the practicality of the method, measurements were made of a metal sphere simulating fish, and several spheres simulating a fish school. The 3DEI correctly measured the σbss of each target. Next, the 3DEI was applied to echo data from a herring school in the Norwegian Sea, to estimate its σbss. Several values of σbs were estimated with a prolate-spheroid model, each assuming different distributions of fish orientations relative to the sonar beam. Dividing the 3DEI-estimated σbss by these modelled σbs shows that the resulting estimates of N were closer to the skipper's estimate than those estimated using the apparent school volume. The 3DEI measurements of σbss, modelled σbs, and resulting accuracy of N depend largely on the assumed orientations of the fish relative to the acoustic beam.

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Li, Xiang, and Jun Min Huang. "A Study of Reverse Engineering Based on 3DSS Data Acquisition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.199.

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This work introduces the workings of reverse engineering, its characteristics and application methods and proposes a data acquisition system applicable to industrial design, namely, three dimensional sensing system (3DSS). This work also gives a detailed account of 3DSS data acquisition methods and issues that deserve special attention in operation. A car model reconstruction case is provided as an example to study the performance of 3DSS in reverse engineering. Results have confirmed the significant role of this data acquisition method in reverse engineering.

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Segi, Naoki, Hiroaki Nakashima, Ryuichi Shinjo, Yujiro Kagami, Masaaki Machino, Sadayuki Ito, Jun Ouchida, et al. "Vertebral Endplate Concavity in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Tapered 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage versus Squared PEEK Cage." Medicina 59, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020372.

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Background and Objectives: To prevent postoperative problems in extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), it is critical that the vertebral endplate not be injured. Unintentional endplate injuries may depend on the cage. A novel porous titanium cage for XLIF has improved geometry with a tapered tip and smooth surface. We hypothesized that this new cage should lead to fewer endplate injuries. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients (mean 74.1 ± 6.7 years, 22 females) who underwent anterior and posterior combined surgery with XLIF for lumbar degenerative disease or adult spinal deformity from January 2018 to June 2022. A tapered 3D porous titanium cage (3DTi; 11 patients) and a squared PEEK cage (sPEEK; 21 patients) were used. Spinal alignment values were measured on X-ray images. Vertebral endplate concavity (VEC) was defined as concavity ≥ 1 mm of the endplate on computed tomography (CT) images, which were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. Results: There were no significant differences in the patient demographic data and preoperative and 3-month postoperative spinal alignments between the groups. A 3DTi was used for 25 levels and an sPEEK was used for 38 levels. Preoperative local lordotic angles were 4.3° for 3DTi vs. 4.7° for sPEEK (p = 0.90), which were corrected to 12.3° and 9.1° (p = 0.029), respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, the angles were 11.6° for 3DTi and 8.2° for sPEEK (p = 0.013). VEC was present in 2 levels (8.0%) for 3DTi vs. 17 levels (45%) for sPEEK (p = 0.002). After 3 months postoperatively, none of the 3DTi had VEC progression; however, eight (21%) levels in sPEEK showed VEC progression (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The novel 3DTi cage reduced endplate injuries by reducing the endplate load during cage insertion.

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O'Connor, Geraldine, Eriko Yamada, Andy Rampersaud, and Daniel McVicar. "Identification of Critical Residues in the Natural Killer (NK) Cell Receptor KIR3DS1 that Control HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) Binding (89.55)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 89.55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.89.55.

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Abstract The Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family of NK receptors contains both activating (e.g. 3DS1) and inhibitory (e.g. 3DL1) members. Unlike 3DL1, for which binding to HLA-Bw4 has been characterized, direct binding of HLA to 3DS1 has not been observed. However both genetic studies and in vitro viral replication assays suggest that this interaction can occur and is important in the context of viral infection. 3DL1 and 3DS1 are very similar in the region predicted to interact with HLA, suggesting the subtle differences translate into dramatic functional consequences. Modeling suggests four key differences in the D1 and D2 domains likely to affect interactions with Bw4. Single substitutions in this region dramatically reduced binding by 3DL1, suggesting that any of these changes would result in a lack of binding by 3DS1. In the reciprocal experiment however, we found that reversion of single amino acid residue - position 138 (W to G) was sufficient to confer HLA-Bw4 binding to 3DS1. The HLA-Bw4 reactivity of this mutant was dependent on the residue present at other variable positions, with loss of HLA-Bw4 binding seen with double mutants carrying the 3DL1 residue at both position 138 (G) and position 199 (P). These data provide evidence for a key role for position 138 in determining the HLA binding ability and thus ligand specificity of 3DS1, while suggesting a complex interaction of the residues in this region to determine receptor reactivity and specificity.

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Rayward, Lionel, Mark Pearcy, Maree Izatt, Daniel Green, Robert Labrom, Geoffrey Askin, and J. Paige Little. "Predicting spinal column profile from surface topography via 3D non-contact surface scanning." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 23, 2023): e0282634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282634.

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Introduction 3D Non-Contact surface scanning (3DSS) is used in both biomechanical and clinical studies to capture accurate 3D images of the human torso, and to better understand the shape and posture of the spine–both healthy and pathological. This study sought to determine the efficacy and accuracy of using 3DSS of the posterior torso, to determine the curvature of the spinal column in the lateral lying position. Methods A cohort of 50 healthy adults underwent 3DSS and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to correlate the contours of the external spine surface with the internal spinal column. The correlation analysis was composed of two phases: (1) MRI vertebral points vs MRI external spine surface markers; and (2) MRI external spine surface markers vs 3DSS external spine surface markers. The first phase compared the profiles of fiducial markers (vitamin capsules) adhered to the skin surface over the spinous processes against the coordinates of the spinous processes–assessing the linear distance between the profiles, and similarity of curvature, in the sagittal and coronal planes. The second phase compared 3DSS external spine surface markers with the MRI external spine surface markers in both planes, with further qualitative assessment for postural changes. Results The distance between the MRI vertebral points and MRI external spine surface markers showed strong statistically significant correlation with BMI in both sagittal and coronal planes. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests showed similar no significant difference in curvature, k, in almost all participants on both planes. In the second phase, the coronal 3DSS external spine surface profiles were statistically different to the MRI external spine surface markers in 44% of participants. Qualitative assessment showed postural changes between MRI and 3DSS measurements in these participants. Conclusion These study findings demonstrate the utility and accuracy of using anatomical landmarks overlaid on the spinous processes, to identify the position of the spinal bones using 3DSS. Using this method, it will be possible to predict the internal spinal curvature from surface topography, provided that the thickness of the overlaying subcutaneous adipose layer is considered, thus enabling postural analysis of spinal shape and curvature to be carried out in biomechanical and clinical studies without the need for radiographic imaging.

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Figueroa, Pablo, Yoshifumi Kitamura, Sebastien Kuntz, Lode Vanacken, Steven Maesen, Tom De Weyer, Sofie Notelaers, et al. "3DUI 2010 Contest Grand Prize Winners." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 30, no. 6 (November 2010): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2010.108.

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Wang, Linhong, Pingping Huang, Jun Yang, Tiesheng Li, Luyuan Mao, Minghua Liu, and Yangjie Wu. "Fabrication and catalytic properties of ordered cyclopalladated diimine monolayer : investigation on catalytic mechanism." RSC Advances 8, no. 56 (2018): 31860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06365f.

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“Channel-like” self-assembled monolayers having aliphatic and aromatic diimines (denoted as Si@1DIS, Si@2DIS and Si@3DIS) immobilized on substrates and their palladacycle monolayers (Si@1DIS-Pd, Si@2DIS-Pd and Si@3DIS-Pd) were prepared and characterized.

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Xiao, Yan, Jing Yao, Tianze Zhang, Xinzhi Ma, Dexin Xu, and Hong Gao. "Three-dimensional cross-linked Co-MoS₂ catalyst on carbon cloth for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction." Dalton Transactions 51, no. 2 (2022): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03411a.

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The as-synthesized material had a three-dimensional self-supporting cross-linked (3DSC) structure. 3DSC Co-MoS2-4/CC can drive the current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 only with 40 and 119 mV overpotentials, respectively, in alkaline medium.

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Lipton, R., G. Deptuch, U. Heintz, M. Johnson, C. Kenney, M. Narian, S. Parker, et al. "Combining the two 3Ds." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 12 (December 10, 2012): C12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/12/c12010.

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Kohut, Eric A., Shantelle A. Graff, Samuel H. Wakelin, Martin Arhin, Govind Nair, and John D. Heiss. "Developing Semiautomated Methods to Measure Pre- and Postoperative Syrinx Volumes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2023): 6725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216725.

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Neurosurgeons evaluate MRI scans to document whether surgical treatment has reduced syrinx size. Manual measurement of syrinx volume is time-consuming and potentially introduces operator error and bias. Developing convenient semiautomated volumetric analysis methods may encourage their clinical implementation and improve syringomyelia monitoring. We analyzed 30 SPGR axial MRI scans from 15 pre- and postoperative Chiari I and syringomyelia patients using two semiautomated (SCAT and 3DQI) methods and a manual Cavalieri (CAV) method. Patients’ spinal cord and syrinx volumes pre- and postoperatively were compared by paired t-test. A decrease in syrinx volume (mm3) after surgery was detected across all methods. Mean syrinx volume (± SD) measured by CAV (n = 30) was, preoperatively, 4515 mm3 ± 3720, postoperatively 1109 ± 1469; (p = 0.0004). SCAT was, pre, 4584 ± 3826, post, 1064 ± 1465; (p = 0.0007) and 3DQI was, pre, 4027 ± 3805, post, 819 ± 1242; (p = 0.001). 3DQI and CAV detected similar mean spinal cord volumes before (p = 0.53) and after surgery (p = 0.23), but SCAT volumes differed significantly (p = 0.005, p = 0.0001). The SCAT and 3DQI semiautomated methods recorded surgically related syrinx volume changes efficiently and with enough accuracy for clinical decision-making and research studies.

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Cui, Qing Chun, Xing Xin Li, and Jian Ping Hao. "Study of Reading and Rendering Method for 3DS File Based on DirectX11." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2003.

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Based on the analysis of the structure of the 3DS file, this paper uses recursive method to collect content of 3DS file and designs the data structure to save them. Then, reading and drawing principle for 3DS file is studied by DirectX 11. Finally, the system for reading and drawing 3DS file is designed and implemented based on DirectX11 in VS2010, and achieves better results.

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Nozaki, Asami, Norio Imai, Kazuhisa Funayama, Yoji Horigome, Hayato Suzuki, Izumi Minato, Koichi Kobayashi, and Hiroyuki Kawashima. "Accuracy of ZedView, the Software for Three-Dimensional Measurement and Preoperative Planning: A Basic Study." Medicina 59, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061030.

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Background and Objectives: In the field of orthopedic surgery, novel techniques of three-dimensional shape modeling using two-dimensional tomographic images are used for bone-shape measurements, preoperative planning in joint-replacement surgery, and postoperative evaluation. ZedView® (three-dimensional measurement instrument and preoperative-planning software) had previously been developed. Our group is also using ZedView® for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation for more accurate implant placement and osteotomy. This study aimed to evaluate the measurement error in this software in comparison to a three-dimensional measuring instrument (3DMI) using human bones. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using three bones from cadavers: the pelvic bone, femur, and tibia. Three markers were attached to each bone. Study 1: The bones with markers were fixed on the 3DMI. For each bone, the coordinates of the center point of the markers were measured, and the distances and angles between these three points were calculated and defined as “true values.” Study 2: The posterior surface of the femur was placed face down on the 3DMI, and the distances from the table to the center of each marker were measured and defined as “true values.” In each study, the same bone was imaged using computed tomography, measured with this software, and the measurement error from the corresponding “true values” was calculated. Results: Study 1: The mean diameter of the same marker using the 3DMI was 23.951 ± 0.055 mm. Comparisons between measurements using the 3DMI and this software revealed that the mean error in length was <0.3 mm, and the error in angle was <0.25°. Study 2: In the bones adjusted to the retrocondylar plane with the 3DMI and this software, the average error in the distance from the planes to each marker was 0.43 (0.32–0.58) mm. Conclusion: This surgical planning software could measure the distance and angle between the centers of the markers with high accuracy; therefore, this is very useful for pre- and postoperative evaluation.

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ZHAO, Yun-tao, Jia-xiang QI, Wei-gang LI, and Lei GAN. "Point cloud registration based on improved 3DSC." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 37, no. 12 (2022): 1590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjlcd.2022-0156.

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Xu, Guangxuan, Yajun Pang, Zhenxu Bai, Yulei Wang, and Zhiwei Lu. "A Fast Point Clouds Registration Algorithm for Laser Scanners." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083426.

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Point clouds registration is an important step for laser scanner data processing, and there have been numerous methods. However, the existing methods often suffer from low accuracy and low speed when registering large point clouds. To meet this challenge, an improved iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm combining random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, intrinsic shape signatures (ISS), and 3D shape context (3DSC) is proposed. The proposed method firstly uses voxel grid filter for down-sampling. Next, the feature points are extracted by the ISS algorithm and described by the 3DSC. Afterwards, the ISS-3DSC features are used for rough registration with the RANSAC algorithm. Finally, the ICP algorithm is used for accurate registration. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has faster registration speed than the compared algorithms, while maintaining high registration accuracy.

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Jing, Hui, Mei Fa Huang, and Cong Li. "3D Mechanical Models Retrieval Based on Combined Histograms for Rapid Product Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.65.

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Shape Distribution (3DSD) and Radius Angle Histogram (RAH) are useful methods for retrieving 3D model in mechanical engineering. Through these methods have advantages such as fast speeds and simple operations, the retrieval precision are not very high enough. To improve the retrieval precision, a new method named combined histograms which integrates the advantages of 3DSD and RAH is proposed. This method makes use of the information both of shape and surface of the models to be retrieved. In the retrieval process, the shape histogram and the radius angle histogram of the retrieved model are first extracted. Then, the combined histograms of the model are established by integrating the shape histogram and the radius angle histogram. To validate the proposed method, an experiment is given. The experiment results show that the proposed method has higher retrieval precision than that of 3DSD and RAH and is suitable for mechanical model design.

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Luo, Yuan, and Ai Zhu Ren. "Integration and Conversion of 3D Models from 3DS to OpenFlight." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.559.

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OpenFlight is one of the standard formats in Virtual Reality applications. But it only provides crude 3D modeling. Therefore most of the users prefer to build up 3D models in 3DS Max software, while the models created in 3DS MAX could not be used directly in a virtual reality environment. This paper proposed a solution for format conversion between 3DS Max and OpenFlight. Among others it focused on combining triangle meshes in 3DS format into entire faces. A program followed the method proved its availability. The application of this program in a transportation safety education system showed that it has good effects.

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Li, Xue, Ateeq Ahmed, and Byung-Sang Choi. "Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance and Electrical Conductivity of Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Graphene-Reinforced Cu Composites." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.11.821.

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A three-dimensionally interconnected graphene-reinforced Cu (3Di Gr-Cu) composite was synthesized using a simple two-step process technique which involves the mechanical compaction of micronsized Cu particles followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 995 ℃. The microstructural properties of pure Cu and the 3Di Gr-Cu composite were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The electrical and corrosion behaviors of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite and Cu only, prepared by powder metallurgy (PM Cu), were studied and compared. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the 3Di Gr-Cu composites was found to be 38.8 MSm<sup>−1</sup> at a carbon content of 73 ppm, and exhibited a 12% higher EC than the PM Cu. Due to the interconnected graphene around the Cu grains, the corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite decreased by 29% and 40%, respectively, compared to the PM Cu. The EC of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite depended on the carbon content. The improvement in the EC of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite is attributed to the electron-carrying ability of the three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network (3DIGN) formed at the grain boundaries in the composite. The enhancement in corrosion resistance is due to the impermeability of graphene to various chemical species.

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Hackney, Philip Mark, and Richard Wooldridge. "Characterisation of direct 3D sand printing process for the production of sand cast mould tools." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2014-0101.

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Purpose Metal casting industry is in recovery phase after the crisis in 2008; customer demand continues to increase, with 98.6 million metric tons cast in 2011. Traditional ferrous and non-ferrous casting techniques require one shot or permanent moulds which require tooling to produce. Tooling particularly for developmental projects can be costly and take valuable time to produce. Additive manufacturing (AM) has been used to manufacture sand patterns for metal sand casting using laser sintering and sand bonding. This research aims to focus on characterising the sand-bonded process developed by ExOne GmbhH Germany. Design/methodology/approach The approach taken in this research is to evaluate characteristics of parts built in the build volume for dimensional accuracy, tensile and compressive crush strength, density, impact strength and high temperature resistance. These properties are required to compare the 3D sand printing (3DSP) process to direct laser sand sintering (DLSS) and traditional Furan-based casting sand mixtures. The samples were taken from a production machine over a period of 30 days to ensure consistency. Findings The 3DSP process has the capability to manufacture sand patterns to an accuracy of ±0.5 mm or error less than 0.3 per cent; it has also demonstrated the best build position to achieve accurate parts. The research has demonstrated the 3DSP patterns are comparable to traditional methods for important casting material characteristics such as tensile, compression and impact strength. It has been shown that the 3DSP process is capable manufacturing significantly larger parts, with build production rates up to 30 times higher compared to similar parts manufactured via the DLSS process. Research limitations/implications As they has been very few 3DSP machines sold in Europe and particular UK, they has been little research into this new technique, and, therefore, they is a reliance on machine manufactures data for assessment. This research into 3DSP has increased the knowledge of this process significantly. Practical implications This research would be of interest to designers and manufacturing engineers wishing to take advantage of the implications of having new design freedom, tool less manufacturing with short lead times in a wide range of materials using fundamentally tried and tested century’s old casting techniques. Originality/value The research for this paper revealed very little published academic research in this area; therefore, this work will increase the body of knowledge for this niche AM process.

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Hussain, Zahid, Hye-Won Yang, and Byung-Sang Choi. "Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Hexagonal Boron Nitride Networked Cu-Ni Composite." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.7.505.

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A three-dimensionally interconnected hexagonal boron nitride (3Di-hBN) networked Cu-Ni (3DihBN-Cu-Ni) composite was successfully synthesized in situ using a simple two-step process which involved the compaction of mixed Cu-Ni powders (70 wt.% Cu and 30 wt.% Ni) into a disc followed by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at 1000 <sup>o</sup>C. During MOCVD, the Cu-Ni alloy grains acted as a template for the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) while decaborane and ammonia were used as precursors for boron and nitrogen, respectively. Boron and nitrogen atoms diffused into the Cu-Ni solution during the MOCVD process and precipitated out along the Cu-Ni interfaces upon cooling, resulting in the formation of the 3Di hBN-Cu-Ni composite. Energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of boron and nitrogen atoms at the interfaces of Cu-Ni alloy grains. Optical microscopy examination indicated that there was a minimum amount of bulk hBN at a certain compaction pressure (280 MPa) and sintering time (30 min). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that an interconnected network of hBN layers surrounding the Cu-Ni grains developed in the 3Di-hBN-Cu-Ni composite. This 3Di-hBN network is expected to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the 3Di-hBN-Cu-Ni composite. Moreover, the foam-like 3Di-hBN extracted from 3Di-hBN-Cu-Ni composite could have further applications in the fields of biomedicine and energy storage.

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Wang, Shin-Yuan, Chih-Hui Chiu, Chin-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Chung Chou, Shuo-Min Hsu, Lu-Bi Shapu, Tai-Chen Chao, and Che-Hsiu Chen. "Acute Effects of Wearing Different Surgical Face Masks during High-Intensity, Short-Rest Resistance Exercise on Cardiorespiratory and Pulmonary Function and Perceptual Responses in Weightlifters." Biology 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11070992.

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This study investigated the effect of wearing a typical surgical mask (SM) or a three-dimensional (3D) SM (3DSM) during whole-body, high-intensity, short-rest resistance exercise on cardiorespiratory, respiratory, and perceptual comfort responses in weightlifters. Twenty elite weightlifters (6 women and 14 men; age = 24.1 ± 4.9 years; height: 167.45 ± 7.60 cm; body mass = 76.48 ± 19.86 kg) who participated in this study performed 3 resistance exercise sessions in a randomized order: (1) without a mask (NM), (2) while wearing a typical SM, and (3) while wearing a 3DSM. Resistance exercise consisted of a descending pyramid scheme starting at 10 repetitions, with a decrease of one repetition per set for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift, as fast as possible at 75% of the one-repetition maximum. Cardiorespiratory and pulmonary function and comfort were measured. Across all conditions, effective postexercise hypotension (PEH) was noted in terms of decreased systolic blood pressure (−4.64%), diastolic BP (−5.36%), mean arterial pressure (−5.02%), and ankle–brachial index (−6.84%). However, the heart rate (40.34%) and rate of pressure product (33.60%) increased, and no effects on pulmonary function were observed in the three conditions. The participants reported higher breathing resistance and tightness when wearing a typical SM than when wearing a 3DSM or no mask. Therefore, both wearing and not wearing a face mask during whole-body, high-intensity, short-rest resistance exercise promoted PEH and exerted no detrimental effect on pulmonary function. Coaches, trainers, and athletes should consider wearing a 3DSM during resistance exercise.

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Tan, Mingtang, Peiyun Li, Wenhui Yu, Jinfeng Wang, and Jing Xie. "Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 13, 2019): 3847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183847.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of glazing with sodium polyacrylate (SP) and D-sodium erythorbate (DSE) on the quality changes of squid during frozen storage. Frozen squid samples were randomly divided into seven groups: (1) CK (unglazed); (2) WG (distilled water-glazed); (3) SG (0.1% SP -glazed); (4) SG-1DSE (0.1% SP with 0.1% DSE -glazed); (5) SG-3DSE (0.1% SP with 0.3% DSE-glazed); (6) SG-5DSE (0.1% SP with 0.5% DSE-glazed); (7) WG-1DSE (0.1% DSE-glazed). The efficacy of the different coatings was evaluated using various indicators, such as water holding capacity (WHC), pH value, low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), color, malondialdehyde (MDA) content value, free amino acids (FAAs) content, intrinsic fluorescence intensity (IFI) and the total sulfhydryl content (SH) content. Intrinsic fluorescence intensity (IFI) and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) were used as fast monitoring techniques to monitor changes in quality of squid samples. The results showed that compared with the CK and WG groups, coating with either SG or DSE alone resulted in reduced rate of moisture loss (p < 0.05), lipid oxidation (p < 0.05) protein degradation (p < 0.05) and prolonged its shelf-life. The combination of glazing treatment with SG and DSE (groups SG-1DSE, SG-3DSE and SG-5DSE) further improved the protective effects of coating, particularly in the SG-3DSE group. Therefore, the glazing of SG-3DSE is recommended to be used to control the quality of frozen squid and to prolong its shelf-life during frozen storage.

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Katona, Michael G. "Improved Methods for Simulating Live Loads for Two-Dimensional Structural Analysis of Buried Culverts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (July 25, 2019): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846465.

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The current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications stipulates a “special distribution width” for two-dimensional (2D) live-load analysis of reinforced concrete (r/c) boxes and arches with less than 2 ft of soil cover. This special distribution width allows a significantly greater reduction of the applied surface load than permitted for other culvert shapes and materials. Neither the AASHTO commentary nor the underlying developmental report provide the physical reasoning for the special distribution width, or why it only applies to r/c boxes and arches. This paper provides a clear, physical understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) phenomena associated with the special distribution width and the interaction with longitudinal load spreading through soil. This is achieved with the aid of a flat-plate model, representative of the top slab of a box culvert, with a variable line-load width. The closed-form solution reveals that the physical reason is “3D stiffness effects” (3DSE), which occur when the line-load width is relatively short compared with the culvert’s longitudinal lay length. Moreover, it is shown that 3DSE disappear when the line load reaches a special width called the “critical distribution width” or Wcritical. Wcritical is dependent on the culvert’s span and length, and is a key parameter along with parameter Wmin needed to identify the limiting line-load width that evokes 3DSE. The key concepts of 3DSE, Wcritical, and Wmin are used to develop improved 2D analysis procedures using either the traditional reduced surface load approach or the more recent continuous load spreading approach.

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Bobade, Chandrashekhar D., Semonti Nandi, Narendra R. Kale, Shashwat S. Banerjee, Yuvraj N. Patil, and Jayant J. Khandare. "Cellular regeneration and proliferation on polymeric 3D inverse-space substrates and the effect of doxorubicin." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 6 (2020): 2315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00075b.

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Villarruel, Antonia M., April Bigelow, and Carmen Alvarez. "Integrating the 3Ds: A Nursing Perspective." Public Health Reports 129, no. 1_suppl2 (January 2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291s208.

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Ohba, Takayuki, Nobuhide Maeda, Hideki Kitada, Koji Fujimoto, Kousuke Suzuki, Tomoji Nakamura, Akihito Kawai, and Kazuhisa Arai. "Thinned wafer multi-stack 3DI technology." Microelectronic Engineering 87, no. 3 (March 2010): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2009.07.006.

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Sanil, Yamuna, Harinder R. Singh, Paul A. Webster, and Peter P. Karpawich. "Efficacy, Time, Cost and Radiation Exposure of Combined Limited Fluoroscopy with Non-fluoroscopic Three-dimensional Imaging in Paediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia Ablation – Best of Both Worlds." European Journal of Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology 01, no. 01 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ejae.2015.01.01.27.

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Objective: Catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) traditionally has utilised fluoroscopic imaging (FI). However, radiation concerns have recently contributed to the evolution of non-fluoroscopic three-dimensional imaging (3DI) systems. A few recent studies have advocated non-FI in lieu of FI. To date, there are only a few studies reporting use of limited FI with 3DI usage in children undergoing SVT ablations. This study evaluates time, efficacy, cost and safety of limited FI plus 3DI for SVT ablation in the young.Methods: Electrophysiology study (EPS) and ablation data for standard forms of SVT from October 2009 to June 2012 were reviewed. Patient radiation time, radiation dose area product (DAP), EPS time, anaesthesia duration and cost, and ablation success rates were evaluated.Results: A total of 81 patients (mean age 13.2 ± 3.4 years) underwent ablation. Type of SVT, gender, age, acute success, adverse events and recurrences were recorded post-ablation for over 2.5 years. Acute procedural success was 93.8 %. Of these, chronic sustained success was 85.5 %. As expected, limited FI plus 3DI was associated with some radiation exposure (2.47 ± 2.78 milliGray-m2) but less than historically associated with paediatric tachycardia ablations.Conclusion: A conscious awareness to use limited FI combined with 3DI is associated with excellent long-term success, lack of complications and marked decrease in radiation exposure. Although 3DI-only has some appeal, use of combined limited radiation is associated with some advantages overall. Potential adverse effects of limited radiation need to be weighed in when deciding which imaging or combination to use.

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Sudha, D., Ch Santhirani, and Sreenivasa Rao Ijjada. "High Performance and Low Leakage 3DSOI Fin-FET SRAM." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.101.107.

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Afsarmanesh, Hamideh, and Dennis McLeod. "The 3DIS: an extensible object-oriented information management environment." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 7, no. 4 (October 1989): 339–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/76158.76892.

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Qing, Yuhao, Quanzhen Huang, Liuyan Feng, Yueyan Qi, and Wenyi Liu. "Multiscale Feature Fusion Network Incorporating 3D Self-Attention for Hyperspectral Image Classification." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030742.

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In recent years, the deep learning-based hyperspectral image (HSI) classification method has achieved great success, and the convolutional neural network (CNN) method has achieved good classification performance in the HSI classification task. However, the convolutional operation only works with local neighborhoods, and is effective in extracting local features. It is difficult to capture interactive features over long distances, which affects the accuracy of classification to some extent. At the same time, the data from HSI have the characteristics of three-dimensionality, redundancy, and noise. To solve these problems, we propose a 3D self-attention multiscale feature fusion network (3DSA-MFN) that integrates 3D multi-head self-attention. 3DSA-MFN first uses different sized convolution kernels to extract multiscale features, samples the different granularities of the feature map, and effectively fuses the spatial and spectral features of the feature map. Then, we propose an improved 3D multi-head self-attention mechanism that provides local feature details for the self-attention branch, and fully exploits the context of the input matrix. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we compare it with six current methods on three public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed 3DSA-MFN achieves competitive classification and highlights the HSI classification task.

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Sama, MacDonald, Voigt, and Manogharan. "Measurement of Metal Velocity in Sand Casting during Mold Filling." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101079.

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Melt turbulence during mold filling is detrimental to the quality of sand castings. In this research study, the authors present a novel method of embedding Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to monitor real-time melt flow velocity in sand molds during metal casting. Cavities are incorporated in sand molds to position the sensors with precise registration. Capacitive and magnetic sensors are embedded in the cavities where melt flow velocity is calculated by using an oscillator, the frequency of which is sensitive to changes in the close field permittivity, and change in magnetic flux, respectively. Their efficiency is investigated by integrating the sensors into 3D sand-printing (3DSP) molds for conical-helix and straight sprue configurations to measure flow velocities for aluminum alloy 319. Experimental melt flow velocities are within 5% of estimations from computational simulations. A major benefit of 3DSP is the geometrical freedom for complex gating systems necessary to reduce turbulence and access to mold volume for sensor integration during 3DSP processing. Findings from this study establish the opportunity of embedding IoT sensors in sand molds to monitor metal velocity in order to validate simulation results (2–5% error), compare gating systems performance, and improve foundry practice of manual pouring as a quality control system.

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Yahya, Mohamad Faizul. "Optimization of Uniaxial Tensile Stress-Strain Response of 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Composite using Weft Density and Draw-In Plan Variables." journal of Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i2.22062.

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Currently, 2D woven composites are extensively incorporated into a variety of technical automotive body parts and protective body armor owing to their excellent fabric strength performance. However, there is still a lack of attempts to utilize 3D woven fabrics for the same technical application. Hence, it is vital to examine the fundamental tensile strength of woven fabric composite materials when determining their suitability for end-use applications. This study aimed to investigate the novel effects of two parameters on the uniaxial tensile strength of a high-tenacity polyester three-layer 3D angle interlock (3DAI) woven fabric composite, namely, weave drafting draw-in insertion and weave density. Four different drafting patterns were considered: pointed (DRW 1), broken (DRW 2), broken mirror (DRW 3), and straight (DRW 4), for weft density at 14 and 25 pick.cm-1. Samples of the 3DAI woven fabric reinforced with epoxy composite at different drafting patterns and weft density combinations were produced and tested. Consequently, the maximum tensile stress and strain were recorded in the woven fabric composite sample with DRW 4 and 25 pick.cm-1 at 113 MPa and 11%, respectively. The study shows that different weft densities and draw-in plan settings play a significant role in the tensile strength performance of the 3DAI woven composite.

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Pérez-Martínez, Antonio, Isabel Martinez, Jaime Valentin, Lucia Fernandez, Vicario José Luis, and Diaz Miguel Ángel. "Donor KIR B Haplotype Is Associated with a Increased Rate of Leukemia Relapse and Worse Overall Survival after HLA Match Sibling Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5926.5926.

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Abstract Introduction Graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect after hemotopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is mediated by donor immune cells recovery. Natural Killer (NK) cell alloreactivity is controlled by the interaction of activatory receptors and inhibitory killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with major histocompatibility locus class I antigens on the leukemia cells. Haploidentical setting is a plattform for NK cell alloreactivity however HLA identical setting remains unclear. Methods and Patients We performed KIR-genotyping of HLA-identical sibling donors in 35 pediatric CD34 selection peripheral blood stem cell transplantations to identify genetic factors affecting leukemia relapse and overall survival. Univariate analysis of leukemia relapse and KIR genotyping was performed in order to identify independent variables predictive of outocome for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (n=20) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), (n=15). Results Donor B haplotype was observed in 21 cases (60%). Statistical analysis shown that donor B haplotype was associated with significantly more relapse in leukemia pediatric patients (38% vs. 0%) and worse overall survival (40% vs. 7%). Further analysis revealed that 2DL5a, 2DS3 and 2DS5 were associated with an increased rate of leukemia relapse (47% vs. 6%, 54% vs. 10% and 58% vs. 13%, respectively) and 2DL5a, 2DS1 and 3DS1 were associated with a worse overall survival (48% vs. 6%, 64% vs. 10% and 58% vs. 13%, respectively). No difference was observed in patients KIR haplotype or donor-recipient KIR haplotype mismatch. Conclusion In our study, which included only reduced intensity conditioning without antithymocyte globulin followed by related peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, we found a significant worse impact of donor KIR B haplotype in stem cell transplantation outcome. Our results suggest that donor KIR B haplotype (2DL5a, 2DS3 and 2DS5) increases leukemia relapse and also donor KIR B haplotype (2DL5a, 2DS1 and 3DS1) confer significant survival damage to HLA-identical sibling HSCT. Figure 1. Donor KIR genotyping (2DL5A, 2DS1 and 3DS1) impacts in overall survival. Figure 1. Donor KIR genotyping (2DL5A, 2DS1 and 3DS1) impacts in overall survival. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Xu, Hua Jie, Li Tong Zhang, and Lai Fei Cheng. "Comparison of Two Methods for Testing the In-Plane Shear Property of 3D Stitched Plain Woven C/SiC Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1110 (June 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.3.

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Three types of three-dimensional stitched carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (3DS C/SiCs) with 4, 9 and 16 Z-yarn/cm2 were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration, respectively. Both iosipescu specimens without enough representative volume elements (RVEs) and ±45° tension specimens containing enough RVEs were tested to attain the in-plane shear properties of 3DS C/SiCs. The results showed that these two methods produced similar results. This demonstrated that the dimensions of iosipescu specimens were not necessary to cover enough RVEs for 3DS ceramic matrix composite in-plane shear testing. With respect to the shear modulus, both two methods would be regarded as the effective methods. However, in terms of the in-plane shear strength, iosipescu method would be a more reliable method.

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Kuang, Yang, and Jie Jiang. "Study of Virtual Scene Interaction Based on VRML and 3DS Max." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2345.

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3DS MAX has a capacity of producing visual 3D model, VRML is a kind of Virtual Reality Language. The combination of the two can construct virtual scene and realize interaction between user and virtual scene. This paper introduces the method of using VRML combined with 3DS MAX to achieve dynamic interactive virtual scene, Study on several interactive modes in VRML.

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