Готові списки джерел за темами / 3D skin model

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "3D skin model"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "3D skin model"

Cadau, Sebastien, Sabrina Leoty-Okombi, Schinichi Nakajima, and Valerie Andre-Frei. "Endothelialized and innervated 3D skin glycated model." Journal of Dermatological Science 84, no. 1 (October 2016): e147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.439.

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Park, Gyeong-Mi, and Young-Bong Kim. "Integrated 3D Skin Color Model for Robust Skin Color Detection of Various Races." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9, no. 5 (May 28, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2009.9.5.001.

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Kaluzhny, Yulia, Patrick Hayden, Victor Karetsky, Mitchell Klausner, and John Sheasgreen. "Skin specific micronucleus assay in the EpiDerm™ human 3D skin model." Toxicology Letters 172 (October 2007): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.438.

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Kwak, Bong Shin, Wonho Choi, Joong-won Jeon, Jong-In Won, Gun Yong Sung, Bumsang Kim, and Jong Hwan Sung. "In vitro 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 66 (October 2018): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.037.

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Barua, Nilakshi, Lin Huang, Carmen Li, Ying Yang, Mingjing Luo, Wan In Wei, Kam Tak Wong, Norman Wai Sing Lo, Kin On Kwok, and Margaret Ip. "Comparative Study of Two-Dimensional (2D) vs. Three-Dimensional (3D) Organotypic Kertatinocyte-Fibroblast Skin Models for Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010299.

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The invasion of skin tissue by Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by mechanisms that involve sequential breaching of the different stratified layers of the epidermis. Induction of cell death in keratinocytes is a measure of virulence and plays a crucial role in the infection progression. We established a 3D-organotypic keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture model to evaluate whether a 3D-skin model is more effective in elucidating the differences in the induction of cell death by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than in comparison to 2D-HaCaT monolayers. We investigated the difference in adhesion, internalization, and the apoptotic index in HaCaT monolayers and our 3D-skin model using six strains of MRSA representing different clonal types, namely, ST8, ST30, ST59, ST22, ST45 and ST239. All the six strains exhibited internalization in HaCaT cells. Due to cell detachment, the invasion study was limited up to two and a half hours. TUNEL assay showed no significant difference in the cell death induced by the six MRSA strains in the HaCaT cells. Our 3D-skin model provided a better insight into the interactions between the MRSA strains and the human skin during the infection establishment as we could study the infection of MRSA in our skin model up to 48 h. Immunohistochemical staining together with TUNEL assay in the 3D-skin model showed co-localization of the bacteria with the apoptotic cells demonstrating the induction of apoptosis by the bacteria and revealed the variation in bacterial transmigration among the MRSA strains. The strain representing ST59 showed maximum internalization in HaCaT cells and the maximum cell death as measured by Apoptotic index in the 3D-skin model. Our results show that 3D-skin model might be more likely to imitate the physiological response of skin to MRSA infection than 2D-HaCaT monolayer keratinocyte cultures and will enhance our understanding of the difference in pathogenesis among different MRSA strains.

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Wang, Jiahui, Hideo Saito, Shinji Ozawa, Tomohiro Kuwahara, Toyonobu Yamashita, and Motoji Takahashi. "Surface Extraction of Skin Inner Tissue Interface from 3D Volumetric Images of Human Skin via 3D Active Contour Model." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 125, no. 5 (2005): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.125.756.

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Dimitrov, Sabcho D., Lawrence K. Low, Grace Y. Patlewicz, Petra S. Kern, Gergana D. Dimitrova, Mike H. I. Comber, Richard D. Phillips, Jay Niemela, Paul T. Bailey, and Ovanes G. Mekenyan. "Skin Sensitization: Modeling Based on Skin Metabolism Simulation and Formation of Protein Conjugates." International Journal of Toxicology 24, no. 4 (July 2005): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810591000631.

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A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) system for estimating skin sensitization potency has been developed that incorporates skin metabolism and considers the potential of parent chemicals and/or their activated metabolites to react with skin proteins. A training set of diverse chemicals was compiled and their skin sensitization potency assigned to one of three classes. These three classes were, significant, weak, or nonsensitizing. Because skin sensitization potential depends upon the ability of chemicals to react with skin proteins either directly or after appropriate metabolism, a metabolic simulator was constructed to mimic the enzyme activation of chemicals in the skin. This simulator contains 203 hierarchically ordered spontaneous and enzyme controlled reactions. Phase I and phase II metabolism were simulated by using 102 and 9 principal transformations, respectively. The covalent interactions of chemicals and their metabolites with skin proteins were described by 83 reactions that fall within 39 alerting groups. The SAR/QSAR system developed was able to correctly classify about 80% of the chemicals with significant sensitizing effect and 72% of nonsensitizing chemicals. For some alerting groups, three-dimensional (3D)-QSARs were developed to describe the multiplicity of physicochemical, steric, and electronic parameters. These 3D-QSARs, so-called pattern recognition-type models, were applied each time a latent alerting group was identified in a parent chemical or its generated metabolite(s). The concept of the mutual influence amongst atoms in a molecule was used to define the structural domain of the skin sensitization model. The utility of the structural model domain and the predictability of the model were evaluated using sensitization potency data for 96 chemicals not used in the model building. The TIssue MEtabolism Simulator (TIMES) software was used to integrate a skin metabolism simulator and 3D-QSARs to evaluate the reactivity of chemicals thus predicting their likely skin sensitization potency.

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Choi, Jonghye, Hyejin Kim, Jinhee Choi, Seung Min Oh, Jeonggue Park, and Kwangsik Park. "Skin corrosion and irritation test of sunscreen nanoparticles using reconstructed 3D human skin model." Environmental Health and Toxicology 29 (July 21, 2014): e2014004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eht.2014.29.e2014004.

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Kovalovs, Andrejs, Evgeny Barkanov, and Sergejs Gluhihs. "ACTIVE TWIST OF MODEL ROTOR BLADES WITH D-SPAR DESIGN." TRANSPORT 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638094.

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The design methodology based on the planning of experiments and response surface technique has been developed for an optimum placement of Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuators in the helicopter rotor blades. The baseline helicopter rotor blade consists of D‐spar made of UD GFRP, skin made of +450/‐450 GFRP, foam core, MFC actuators placement on the skin and balance weight. 3D finite element model of the rotor blade has been built by ANSYS, where the rotor blade skin and spar “moustaches” are modeled by the linear layered structural shell elements SHELL99, and the spar and foam ‐ by 3D 20‐node structural solid elements SOLID 186. The thermal analyses of 3D finite element model have been developed to investigate an active twist of the helicopter rotor blade. Strain analogy between piezoelectric strains and thermally induced strains is used to model piezoelectric effects. The optimisation results have been obtained for design solutions, connected with the application of active materials, and checked by the finite element calculations.

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Chau, David Y. S., Claire Johnson, Sheila MacNeil, John W. Haycock, and Amir M. Ghaemmaghami. "The development of a 3D immunocompetent model of human skin." Biofabrication 5, no. 3 (July 23, 2013): 035011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035011.

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Дисертації з теми "3D skin model"

Nun, Nicholas. "Improving Skin Wound Healing Using Functional Electrospun Wound Dressings and 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Constructs." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1617985844538101.

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Gkouma, Savvini. "Engineering Vascularized Skin Tissue in a 3D format supported by Recombinant Spider Silk." Thesis, KTH, Proteinteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283605.

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Skin is an organ with a complex structure which plays a crucial role in thebody’s defence against external threats and in maintaining major homeostatic functions. The need for in vitro models that mimic the in vivo milieu is therefore high and relevant with various applications including, among others, penetration, absorption, and toxicity studies. In this context, the choice of the biomaterial that will provide a 3D scaffold to the cultured cells is defining the model’s success. The FN-4RepCT silk is here suggested as a potent biomaterial for skin tissue engineering applications. This recombinantly produced spider silk protein (FN-4RepCT), which can self-assemble into fibrils, creates a robust and elastic matrice with high bioactivity, due to its functionalization with the fibronectin derived RGD-containing peptide. Hence it overcomes the drawbacks of other available biomaterials either synthetic or based on animal derived proteins. Additionally, the FN-4RepCT silk protein can be cast in various 3D formats, two of which are utilized within this project. We herein present a bilayered skin tissue equivalent supported by the FN-4RepCT silk. This is constructed by the combination of a foam format, integrated with dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and a membrane format supporting epidermal keratinocytes. As a result, a vascularized dermal layer that contains ECM components (Collagen I, Collagen III, and Elastin) is constructed and attached to an epidermal layer of differentiated keratinocytes.The protocol presented in this project offers a successful method of evenly integrating cells in the FN-4RepCT silk scaffold, while preserving their ability to resume some of their major in vivo functions like proliferation, ECM secretion, construction of vascular networks, and differentiation. The obtained results were evaluated with immunofluorescence stainings of various markers of interest and further analysed, when necessary, with image processing tools. The results that ensued from the herein presented protocol strongly suggest that the FN-4RepCT silk is a promising biomaterial for skin tissue engineering applications.

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Haridas, Parvathi. "In vitro characterisation of melanoma progression in a melanoma skin equivalent model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118574/1/Parvathi_Haridas_Thesis.pdf.

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Melanoma is a fatal form of skin cancer which progresses in an orchestrated pattern in human skin. Characterising these phases of melanoma in vitro can provide key insights into mechanisms of the disease progression. In this thesis, we investigate how in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model assays that recapitulate human skin can be used to identify key features underlying melanoma progression. In particular, we construct a 3D melanoma skin equivalent model using melanoma cells from the early and late phase of the disease. We further quantify melanoma cell migration, proliferation, invasion, as well as melanoma nest formation.

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Hassan, Asha. "The novel interactions of Necator americanus with the innate immune system and the development of a 3D immunocompetent model of human skin." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50382/.

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Background: Necatoriasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the insidious parasite Necator americanus. This hookworm infects and reinfects approximately 500 million individuals worldwide, with a further 5.1 billion at high risk for acquiring the infection. Despite the high level of reinfection, no lasting immunological memory develops in the host. Albeit the profound health implications, chronicity and public health burden in developing countries, many aspects of human Necator americanus infection, particularly early events at the interface with the host immune system, are under researched. These figures and facts highlight the need for new research elucidating the molecular interactions between Necator americanus and the innate immune system. This will aid in the rational design of innovative and more efficient intervention strategies against hookworm infection, which is an essential measure for disease prevention. Objectives: In the context of Necatoriasis, this thesis studied the physical interaction between infective Necator americanus larvae (L3) with human dendritic cells (DCs) and epidermal keratinocytes, investigating the biological consequences. In addition, the development of a platform consisting of human keratinocytes, fibroblast and DCs on a 3D scaffold was constructed as an in vitro model of human skin. Results: The present thesis provides new insights into early immunological events at the interface of DCs and Necator americanus larvae and could explain how L3 affect immunity upon initial interaction with antigen presenting cells. For the first time, the data presented illustrates the sequestration of human DCs onto the sheath of L3 infective Necator americanus larvae, triggering the hookworm to exsheath. Intriguingly, the exposed cuticle of the larvae had negligible interaction with the free DCs. The findings also illustrate that the interaction between DCs and the larvae is mediated via a mandatory interaction with C-type lectin receptors, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor (MR). Blocking of either receptors with antibodies resulted in an inhibition of DC sequestration and aggregate formation. This demonstrates the biological relevance of previously identified lectin binding molecules on the Necator americanus larvae (L3) sheath in the context of interacting with DCs. These findings allude to a disparity between the surface chemistry of the sheath and larvae that could explain their differential ability to interact with DCs. While the exact nature of differences in the surface properties of the larvae and sheath are yet to be characterised, this data clearly indicates the presence of distinct chemical signatures on the cuticle sheath that attract DCs. However, this not only induces exsheathing but also enables larvae migration without being recognised or challenged by antigen presenting cells. A potential escape mechanism through which the larvae could bypass the immune cells, creating a possible site of ‘temporary immune privilege’. DCs incubated with viable axenic larvae exhibited an immature phenotype as evidenced by the low expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. Subsequently, the ability of DCs to acquire a mature phenotype in response to co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of Necator americanus was assessed. These data show that DCs treated with the larvae will remain responsive to LPS stimulation. Additionally while the axenised larvae do not induce any cytokine production by DCs, they seem to suppress LPS induced cytokine expression, however these changes were not statistically significant (p value ≤0.3). Furthermore, the cell-free culture media from DCs, matured in the presence of LPS, had no visible effects on the larvae. Intriguingly, matured DCs in LPS-free culture media render the larvae non-viable through a lysing mechanism, alluding to a modified paracrine signalling response by mature immune cells in culture with the parasite. Interestingly, in the presence of epidermal keratinocytes, ex-sheathing was not mandatory to enable larval burrowing. In fact, only a small number of the larvae sheaths were recoverable from the apical surface of the keratinocyte layer; indicating preferential ensheathed larval burrowing. The data also illustrated the novel behavioural strategies promoting host invasion by Necator americanus larvae, in the presence of epidermal keratinocytes. Larvae were notably slower to exsheath in culture with keratinocytes and exhibited no vigorous movements as observed in DC cultures. This was thought to prevent early exsheathing, as the advantage of larvae maintaining their sheath during the initial stages of infection is in theory highly beneficial. Finally an immunocompetent tri-culture was developed on 3D layered PET scaffolds, encompassing epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, interspersed with DCs cultured at air liquid interface. A functional barrier was optimised, following which immune cell migration within the tri-culture system was observed successfully. Conclusion: Collectively, the sequestration of DCs onto the larvae sheath, suppression of maturation and cytokine expression, provides a possible explanation for the lack of a lasting immune response. These data provide novel insights into early immunological events at the interface of DCs, epidermal keratinocytes and Necator americanus larvae, which could explain how L3 evade immunity upon initial interaction with antigen presenting cells.

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Lebeko, Maribanyana Robert. "The use of in vitro 2d co-culture models to determine the optimal keratinocyte: melanocyte ratio to be used in the development of pigmented 3d skin model." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16564.

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Includes bibliographical references
Burn injuries are among the most devastating of all injuries and a major global public health crisis, with fire related burns accounting for approximately 265 000 deaths annually. The African continent, most especially Sub-Saharan Africa, has the second highest mortality rates (15% of global mortality rates). In South Africa, 3.2 % of the total population sustains burn injuries, with 50 % of these cases as children under the age of20 years. Studies have also shown that most of these incidences are prevalent within the age groups of 0-5 years, and account for the 3rd most common cause of mortality in children under the age of 15 years. In depth knowledge and understanding of cellular facets of wound healing has allowed for a greater stance in the interventions aimed at circumventing problems associated with development of effective wound defects treatment regimen. Burn treatment options are largely dependent on the degree and extensiveness of burns. A wide body of literature exists with regards to traditional as well as current treatment options. These include, for instance the use of various forms of skin auto-grafts. Despite such great success with all kinds of innovative ideas surrounding the use of autologous skin grafting, lack of available donor sites for skin grafts still remains a problem, more so in cases where patients suffer burns spanning more than 70% TBSA. This therefore has inspired the design and use of bioengineered skin substitutes as well as cultured/non-cultured autologous epidermal cells. Unfortunately, to date, no tissue engineering technique has fully been able to recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of the skin, or has attained the biological stability as well as achieving the aesthetic outcome. Several hurdles are yet to be overcome to achieve this. Amongst many, inclusion of melanocytes, other skin appendages as well as potential progenitor cells is some of the attributes of an ideal 3D skin equivalent. Therefore pigmented 3D skin constructs are of great interest as they address not only the issues of complete wound healing, but also the aesthetic outcomes. In light of this, correct keratinocyte to melanocyte ratios are also of great importance in designing such pigmented 3D constructs. Therefore the major aim of this study was to isolate skin melanocytes and keratinocytes, and co-culture them at different ratios in order to attain optimal pigment production and/or consequent improved wound healing outcome. To determine the best keratinocyte to melanocyte ratio to use in developing pigmented3D skin constructs, the following co-culture ratios were used: 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1.Proliferation assays were employed to further elucidate the growth dynamics of both human skin melanocytes and keratinocytes in either mono- or co-culture system. Secondly, FACS was used to develop a reliable technique to be used to separate the two cell types from a co-culture system in order to perform downstream analyses. Thirdly, to establish the roles of the co-cultured cells in wound healing (with regards to proliferation and migration), scratch wound healing assays were employed. Lastly, FACS was used to infer the effect of such ratios on pigment production. Our results demonstrated that keratinocytes, compared to melanocytes mono-cultures have higher proliferation capacity. On the contrary melanocyte's proliferation is up-regulated by the presence of keratinocytes in a co-culture, whereas higher numbers of melanocytes in co-culture with keratinocytes resulted in less proliferative keratinocyte phenotype. The FACS separation technique worked excellently in identifying keratinocyte population from melanocytes, with an almost 100% accuracy. This is shown by melanocytes being sorted as 93% of MART-1 + cells in a mono-culture, followed by an approximately 5:1 separation of keratinocytes from melanocytes (77% Kc and 17% Mc). In vitro scratch assays demonstrated that none of the co-culture ratios was significantly superior with regards to wound healing capacities and pigment production, in the absence of fibroblast-conditioned medium. In conclusion, the 5:1 co-culture ratio seemed to yield a non-significant, yet best outcome with regards to wound healing capacity (only in the presence of fibroblast-derived factors), thus conferring it as a potential optimal ratio of keratinocytes to melanocytes, to be used in development of our pigmented 3D constructs.

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Ali-, von Laue Cherine Mohamed Ossama Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Novel Polymerase Inhibitors : characterisation of a nanocarrier and activity testing in a 3D non-melanoma skin tumour model / Cherine Mohamed Ali (Ali- von Laue)." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026358027/34.

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Görig, Michal. "Výpočet dynamických sil jističe 250A." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221262.

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This master’s thesis deals with the calculation of electrodynamic forces breaker BD250NE305. Main tasks in this semester project is to study the theoretical analysis of individual parts specified breakers. Processing theoretical analysis of these forces. Creating a 3D model current path and sheets quenching chamber single phase circuit breaker in Autodesk Inventor Professional 2012. Another challenge is the subsequent export the model into the simulation program ANSYS Maxwell. After simulation, the specified conditions must be processed and the results of the present work is to evaluate.

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Lemmens, Joseph M. H. "3D reconstructed skin equivalent models for irritant testing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13807/.

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Acute skin irritation is the reversible inflammatory response of the epidermis to a topically applied irritant substance. A tissue engineered model of the epidermis is used to test chemicals. The degree of development of the model needs to be carefully judged in order to get the correct proportion of proliferating through to differentiated phenotypes for normal function. This judgement typically necessitates over sensitive models with an underdeveloped barrier functionality, as opposed to an insensitive model due to terminal differentiation and low numbers of basal keratinocytes. It has been reported that the lack of proliferative epidermal cells in cultures may be due to the absence of fibroblasts. Paracrine signalling in response to potential irritants is required for propagating an acute inflammatory response. The aim of this thesis is to develop a skin model using a Three Dimensional scaffold that accurately mimics the micro-environment at the DEJ, for supporting keratinocyte and fibroblast self-organisation. We hypothesise that it takes a full thickness skin model with a complete cascade of inflammatory stimuli and cytokine signalling to provide a real indication of irritation. Initial studies focused on Alvetex® (Reinnervate Ltd.), a highly porous polystyrene scaffold, with the aim of developing a skin model using the immortalised cell line HaCaT (human adult low calcium high temperature) keratinocytes or NhKs, in co-culture with dermal fibroblasts. Skin models using electrospun biodegradable polymer scaffolds made of Poly L-lactide (PLLA) and a Poly L-lactide/Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate/Poly L-lactide (PLLA/PHBV/PLLA) composites were then developed. Issues with achieving epidermal-dermal separation in the Alvetex® scaffold due to keratinocyte entrapment lead to an Alvetex®-PHBV Bilayer. Concentration of the SDS needed to illicit an irritant response was deduced at 2D to be 0.1-0.15mM, 3D submerged to be 0.33-0.5mM and for 3D air-liquid models were at best unaffected by 8mM SDS with a Bilayer scaffold of PHBV-PLLA.

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Lumpkins, Sarah B. "Space radiation-induced bystander signaling in 2D and 3D skin tissue models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70817.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2012.
Page 157 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-156).
Space radiation poses a significant hazard to astronauts on long-duration missions, and the low fluences of charged particles characteristic of this field suggest that bystander effects, the phenomenon in which a greater number of cells exhibit damage than expected based on the number of cells traversed by radiation, could be significant contributors to overall cell damage. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate bystander effects due to signaling between different cell types cultured within 2D and 3D tissue architectures. 2D bystander signaling was investigated using a transwell insert system in which normal human fibroblasts (A) and keratinocytes (K) were irradiated with 1 GeV/n protons or iron ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory using doses from either 2 Gy (protons) or 1 Gy (iron ions) down to spacerelevant low fluences. Medium-mediated bystander responses were investigated using three cell signaling combinations. Bystander signaling was also investigated in a 3D model by developing tissue constructs consisting of fibroblasts embedded in a collagen matrix with a keratinocyte epidermal layer. Bystander experiments were conducted by splitting each construct in half and exposing half to radiation then placing the other half in direct contact with the irradiated tissue on a transwell insert. Cell damage was evaluated primarily as formation of foci of the DNA repair-related protein 53BP1. In the 2D system, both protons and iron ions yielded a strong dose dependence for the induction of 53BP1 in irradiated cells, while the magnitudes and time courses of bystander responses were dependent on radiation quality. Furthermore, bystander effects were present in all three cell signaling combinations even at the low proton particle fluences used, suggesting the potential importance of including these effects in cancer risk models for low-dose space radiation exposures. Cells cultured in the 3D constructs exhibited a significant reduction in the percentages of both direct and bystander cells positive for 53BP1 foci, although the qualitative kinetics of DNA damage and repair were similar to those observed in 2D. These results provide evidence that the microenvironment significantly influences intercellular signaling and that cells may be more radioresistant in 3D compared to 2D systems.
by Sarah B. Lumpkins.
Sc.D.

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Henriksson, Matilda. "Second Skin : To wear a space." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6957.

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Arbetet utforskar det liminala gränslandet mellan mode och arkitektur genom parallella jämförelser av fasadbeklädnad och kläder. Med utgångspunkt i den personliga sfären, undersöks arkitektoniska och bärbara strukturer utifrån och omkring kroppen. Detta är ett undersökande kollage över designpraktikens gränser som förenar det mest intima rummet; våra kläder med den mest intima arkitekturen; tältet. Både arkitektur och mode grundar sig i vikten av att skyla och skydda sig samt att uttrycka identitet. Vad finns det för rumslig potential i detta lager som vi adderar genom att klä, både mänsklig kropp och arkitektonisk huskropp? Dagens samhälle speglar en livsstil i ständig förändring och förflyttning vilket gör att vi behöver vara mer flexibla i våra rum. Det publika rummet ställer allt högre extroverta krav och gör alltmer anspråk på det privata rummet. För dagens samtida urbana nomad formas ett behov av en mobil, bärbar och konvertibel privat sfär. Här följer en tolkning utifrån definitionen om arkitektoniskt och mänskligt skydd.

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Книги з теми "3D skin model"

Rivard, Mark J., Luc Beaulieu, and Bruce Thomadsen. Clinical Brachytherapy Physics. Medical Physics Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781936366576.

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Brachytherapy has been a popular topic for AAPM summer schools, with this marking the third time the subject has been covered (past schools on the topic were held in 1994 and 2005). This book was developed for the AAPM 2017 Summer School in Portland, Oregon, held in conjunction with the American Brachytherapy Association. From Joann Prisciandaro in Medical Physics…"Overall, this text is well written and provides a nice summary of current and developing clinical brachytherapy practice patterns. …from my perspective as a practicing brachytherapy physicist and educator, this text will make an extremely useful reference and will certainly be added to my list of required reading for residents and graduate students." This book is more than a comprehensive overview of the brachytherapy tools and techniques used in a modern clinic. The book also looks at numerous exciting approaches currently under development. Topics include HDR and LDR brachytherapy for the prostate, general planning and model-based dose calculation algorithms, intensity-modulated brachytherapy, electronic brachytherapy sources and techniques, and brachytherapy advances for treating skin, gynecological, and breast cancer. Some of the promising new techniques covered include focal therapy, the use of 3D printing to augment treatment, advances in needle tracking, in vivo dosimetry, and the use of robotics in brachytherapy.

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Частини книг з теми "3D skin model"

Svoren, Martin, Elena Camerini, Merijn van Erp, Feng Wei Yang, Gert-Jan Bakker, and Katarina Wolf. "Approaches to Determine Nuclear Shape in Cells During Migration Through Collagen Matrices." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 97–114. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_7.

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AbstractFibrillar collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) component of interstitial tissues which supports the structure of many organs, including the skin and breast. Many different physiological processes, but also pathological processes such as metastatic cancer invasion, involve interstitial cell migration. Often, cell movement takes place through small ECM gaps and pores and depends upon the ability of the cell and its stiff nucleus to deform. Such nuclear deformation during cell migration may impact nuclear integrity, such as of chromatin or the nuclear envelope, and therefore the morphometric analysis of nuclear shapes can provide valuable insight into a broad variety of biological processes. Here, we describe a protocol on how to generate a cell-collagen model in vitro and how to use confocal microscopy for the static and dynamic visualization of labeled nuclei in single migratory cells. We developed, and here provide, two scripts that (Fidler, Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458, 2003) enable the semi-automated and fast quantification of static single nuclear shape descriptors, such as aspect ratio or circularity, and the nuclear irregularity index that forms a combination of four distinct shape descriptors, as well as (Frantz et al., J Cell Sci 123 (Pt 24):4195–4200, 2010) a quantification of their changes over time. Finally, we provide quantitative measurements on nuclear shapes from cells that migrated through collagen either in the presence or the absence of an inhibitor of collagen degradation, showing the distinctive power of this approach. This pipeline can also be applied to cell migration studied in different assays, ranging from 3D microfluidics to migration in the living organism.

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Wiegand, C., J. Tittelbach, U. C. Hipler, and P. Elsner. "Water-Filtered Infrared A Irradiation: From Observations in Clinical Studies to Complex In Vitro Models." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 203–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_17.

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AbstractSuccessful treatment of recalcitrant common hand and foot warts in a prospective randomized controlled blind trial using wIRA and PDT has been reported. In addition, in wound healing wIRA is mostly investigated in vitro based on the resolution of mechanical damage to confluent cell layers using the “scratch wound assay.” The latter enables the direct measurement of cell migration and regeneration of the cell layer. Preliminary studies for wIRA effects on wound closure in vitro have shown beneficial effects of single 10 min treatments. Although cellular processes induced and mediators involved still need to be elucidated, it is apparent that the observed clinical benefits of wIRA on wound healing can be investigated in vitro using adequate models and experimental settings. The next step is to employ 3D skin models for morphological investigations closely simulating in vivo conditions.

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Rikken, Gijs, Hanna Niehues, and Ellen H. van den Bogaard. "Organotypic 3D Skin Models: Human Epidermal Equivalent Cultures from Primary Keratinocytes and Immortalized Keratinocyte Cell Lines." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 45–61. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0648-3_5.

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Bufe, Nikolas. "B 3D pose estimation based on the ellipsoid-approximated bone model." In Method for Non-Invasive Skin Artifact-Free Spatial Bone Motion Tracking Using Pressure Sensor Foils, 65. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186296177-65.

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GIRÓN BASTIDAS, JULIANA, NATASHA MAURMANN, LUIZA SILVA DE OLIVEIRA, and PATRICIA PRANKE. "IN VIVO EVALUATION OF A BILAYER SCAFFOLD FROM PLGA/FIBRIN AND FIBRIN HYDROGEL FOR SKIN REGENERATION." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB) - Biofabrication, Bioprinting, Additive Manufacturing applied to health. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/ii.3dbb.2022.01.016.

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BECAUSE THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN WOUNDS REQUIRING CLINICAL TREATMENT REPRESENTS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WORLDWIDE, THE PRESENT WORK AIMS TO DEVELOP A BILAYER SCAFFOLD OF POLY (LACTIDE- CO- GLYCOLIDE) (PLGA)/FIBRIN ELECTROSPUN MEMBRANE AND FIBRIN HYDROGEL LAYER TO BE TESTED IN VIVO AS SKIN SUBSTITUTES. PRIMARY CULTURES OF FIBROBLASTS AND KERATINOCYTES WERE ISOLATED FROM ISOGENIC WISTAR KYOTO RATS (WKY). FIBROBLASTS WERE CULTIVATED IN THE FIBRIN HYDROGEL AND KERATINOCYTES ON THE ELECTROSPUN LAYER TO GENERATE A SKIN SUBSTITUTE USING AN AIR/LIQUID SYSTEM. SCAFFOLDS WERE TESTED IN A FULL-THICKNESS WOUND MODEL IN WKY RATS OF 3 MONTHS. THREE GROUPS WERE ANALYZED MACROSCOPICALLY AND MICROSCOPICALLY: 1 (BILAYER SCAFFOLD WITHOUT CELLS), 2 (HETEROTYPIC SKIN SUBSTITUTES), 3 (NEGATIVE CONTROL). PARTIAL RESULTS SHOWED A SCAB FORMATION AT DAY 14 IN ALL ANIMALS FROM GROUPS 1, 2, AND 3. NO SIGNS OF WOUND INFECTION WERE PRESENTED. ON DAY 14, ALL WOUNDS WERE RE-EPITHELIALIZED AND GRANULATION TISSUE WAS THICKER IN GROUP 2. IT COULD BE CONCLUDED THAT THE BILAYER SCAFFOLD IS THUS A PROMISING MATRIX TO BE USED AS A SKIN SUBSTITUTE. HOWEVER, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THE SAMPLE SIZE FOR EACH GROUP AND REALIZE HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOENZYMATIC ASSAYS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE TISSUE REGENERATION PROCESS.

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Retting, Kelsey N., and Deborah G. Nguyen. "Additive manufacturing in the development of 3D skin tissues." In Skin Tissue Models for Regenerative Medicine, 377–97. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810545-0.00016-4.

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Badler, Norman I., Cary B. Phillips, and Bonnie Lynn Webber. "Body Modeling." In Simulating Humans. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195073591.003.0005.

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In order to manipulate and animate a human figure with computer graphics, a suitable figure must be modeled. This entails constructing a satisfactory surface skin for the overall human body shape, defining a skeletal structure which admits proper joint motions, adding clothing to improve the verisimilitude of analyses (as well as providing an appropriate measure of modesty), sizing body dimensions according to some target individual or population, and providing visualization tools to show physically-relevant body attributes such as torque loads and strength. In computer graphics, the designer gets a wide choice of representations for the surfaces or volumes of objects. We will briefly review current geometric modeling schemes with an emphasis on their relevance to human figures. We classify geometric models into two broad categories: boundary schemes and volumetric schemes. In a boundary representation the surface of the object is approximated by or partitioned into (non-overlapping) 0-, 1-, or 2- dimensional primitives. We will examine in turn those representations relevant to human modeling: points and lines, polygons, and curved surface patches. In a volumetric representation the 3D volume of the object is decomposed into (possibly overlapping) primitive volumes. Under volumetric schemes we discuss voxels, constructive solid geometry, ellipsoids, cylinders, spheres, and potential functions. The simplest surface model is just a collection of 3D points or lines. Surfaces represented by points require a fairly dense distribution of points for accurate modeling. Clouds of points with depth shading were used until the early 1980’s for human models on vector graphics displays. They took advantage of the display’s speed and hierarchical transformations to produce the perceptual depth effect triggered by moving points [Joh76] (for example, [GM86]). A related technique to retain display speed while offering more shape information is to use parallel rings or strips of points. This technique is used in LifeForms™ [Lif91, Cal91]. Artistically positioned “sketch lines” were used in one of the earliest human figure models [Fet82] and subsequently in a Mick Jagger music video, “Hard Woman” from Digital Productions. Polygonal (polyhedral) models are one of the most commonly encountered representations in computer graphics.

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Rawlinson, Tim, Abhir Bhalerao, and Li Wang. "Principles and Methods for Face Recognition and Face Modelling." In Handbook of Research on Computational Forensics, Digital Crime, and Investigation, 53–78. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-836-9.ch003.

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This chapter focuses on the principles behind methods currently used for face recognition, which have a wide variety of uses from biometrics, surveillance and forensics. After a brief description of how faces can be detected in images, the authors describe 2D feature extraction methods that operate on all the image pixels in the face detected region: Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces first proposed in the early 1990s. Although Eigenfaces can be made to work reasonably well for faces captured in controlled conditions, such as frontal faces under the same illumination, recognition rates are poor. The authors discuss how greater accuracy can be achieved by extracting features from the boundaries of the faces by using Active Shape Models and, the skin textures, using Active Appearance Models, originally proposed by Cootes and Talyor. The remainder of the chapter on face recognition is dedicated such shape models, their implementation and use and their extension to 3D. The authors show that if multiple cameras are used the 3D geometry of the captured faces can be recovered without the use of range scanning or structured light. 3D face models make recognition systems better at dealing with pose and lighting variation.

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Bao, Wenrui. "The Application of Intelligent Algorithms in the Animation Design of 3D Graphics Engines." In Research Anthology on Game Design, Development, Usage, and Social Impact, 680–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7589-8.ch034.

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With the rapid improvement of computer hardware capabilities and the reduction of cost, the quality of game pictures has made a qualitative breakthrough, which has reached or exceeded the picture effect of many dedicated virtual reality engines. On the basis of the design and implementation of the virtual reality 3D engine, the rendering queue management method is proposed to improve the frame rate. Based on the object-oriented design method, emitter regulator particle rendering mode, and traditional bone skin animation technology, the key structure technology in skeletal animation is analyzed, and the animation controller used to control animation playback and key structure interpolation operation is designed, which achieves the ideal animation effect. Finally, a prototype system based on engine is implemented.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "3D skin model"

Salam, Hanan, and Renaud Seguier. "A 3D-Eyeball/Skin Decorrelated Active Appearance Model." In the 1st IEEE/IIAE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing 2013. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/icisip2013.029.

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Heeb, Rafael M., Michael Dicker, and Benjamin K. S. Woods. "Design Space Exploration and Modelling of GATOR 3D Printed Morphing Skins." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-93488.

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Abstract Morphing aircraft wings are one of the proposed solutions to reducing aviation’s environmental impact as they seek to improve the aircraft’s aerodynamic efficiency and thereby reduce green-house gas emissions. The competing structural requirements of morphing skins, which are required to have a high out-of-plane stiffness to resist aerodynamic loading and a low in-plane stiffness to keep the actuation energy low, are one of the key reasons why this technology is not yet being deployed on a large scale. The novel Geometrically Anisotropic Thermoplastic Rubber (GATOR) morphing skins introduced by these authors seek to take advantage of multi-material 3D printing and structural scaling laws to allow for better compromises between the competing design constraints. In this work, a finite element study of the novel GATOR skins is presented exploring the fundamental relationships between skin configuration and performance of a GATOR skin panel consisting of two face sheets and a zero Poisson’s ratio Morphcore using a numerical model comprised of second-order 3D elements and 2D first-order elements to model the core and the skin, respectively which was validated with experimental results. The GATOR skin is divided into 6 unique design parameters: core height, bending member thickness, core thickness, bending member angle, the distance between the unit cells, and skin thickness. A detailed design space analysis shows how those parameters influence the performance metrics such as axial and bending rigidity and mass properties to better understand what effect they have on those competing design requirements and how they can be used in a targeted way to optimize a GATOR skin.

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Zhang Jinhua and Yang Jun. "3D face reconstruction based on non-absolute positive photos and skin model." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199523.

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Bedal, K., and M. R. Pausan. "Marshmallow and its action on inflamed 3D skin model mimicking atopic dermatitis." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759098.

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Akagunduz, Erdem, Ilkay Ulusoy, Nesli Bozkurt, and Ugur Halici. "A physically-based facial skin model to simulate facial expressions on digitally scanned 3D models." In 2007 22nd international symposium on computer and information sciences. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscis.2007.4456853.

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Jor, Jessica W. Y., Martyn P. Nash, Poul M. F. Nielsen, and Peter J. Hunter. "Modelling the Mechanical Properties of Human Skin: Towards a 3D Discrete Fibre Model." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353882.

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Unlu, Mehmet Z., Andrzej Krol, Ioana L. Coman, James A. Mandel, Karl G. Baum, Wei Lee, Edward D. Lipson, and David H. Feiglin. "Deformable model for 3D intramodal nonrigid breast image registration with fiducial skin markers." In Medical Imaging, edited by J. Michael Fitzpatrick and Joseph M. Reinhardt. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.595420.

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Saijo, Y., Y. Hagiwara, K. Kobayashi, N. Okada, A. Tanaka, N. Hozumi, and K. Tomihata. "4C-4 B-Mode and C-Mode Imaging of Regenerated 3D Skin Model with 100 MHz Ultrasound." In 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2007.72.

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Singh, Gurtej, Vivian Lee, John P. Trasatti, Seung-Schik Yoo, Guohao Dai, and Pankaj Karande. "Development of an immunocompetent human skin tissue model using three dimensional (3D) freeform fabrication." In 2011 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2011.5778579.

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Ding, Houzhu, Filippos Tourlomousis, Azizbek Babakhanov, and Robert C. Chang. "Design of a Personalized Skin Grafting Methodology Using an Additive Biomanufacturing System Guided by 3D Photogrammetry." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51990.

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In this paper, the authors propose a novel method whereby a prescribed simulated skin graft is 3D printed, followed by the realization of a 3D model representation using an open-source software AutoDesk 123D Catch to reconstruct the entire simulated skin area. The methodology is photogrammetry, which measures the 3D model of a real-word object. Specifically, the principal algorithm of the photogrammetry is structure from motion (SfM) which provides a technique to reconstruct a 3D scene from a set of images collected using a digital camera. This is an efficient approach to reconstruct the burn depth compared to other non-intrusive 3D optical imaging modalities (laser scanning, optical coherence tomography). Initially, an artificial human hand with representative dimensions is designed using a CAD design program. Grooves with a step-like depth pattern are then incorporated into the design in order to simulate a skin burn wound depth map. Then, the *.stl format file of the virtually wounded artificial hand is extruded as a thermoplastic material, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), using a commercial 3D printer. Next, images of the grooves representing different extents of burned injury are acquired by a digital camera from different directions with respect to the artificial hand. The images stored in a computer are then imported into AutoDesk 123D Catch to process the images, thereby yielding the 3D surface model of the simulated hand with a burn wound depth map. The output of the image processing is a 3D model file that represents the groove on the plastic object and thus the burned tissue area. One dimensional sliced sections of the designed model and reconstructed model are compared to evaluate the accuracy of the reconstruction methodology. Finally, the 3D CAD model is designed with a prescribed internal tissue scaffold structure and sent to the dedicated software of the 3D printing system to print the design of the virtual skin graft with biocompatible material poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL).

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