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Статті в журналах з теми "3D skin infection model"
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Barua, Nilakshi, Ying Yang, Lin Huang, and Margaret Ip. "VraSR Regulatory System Contributes to the Virulence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in a 3D-Skin Model and Skin Infection of Humanized Mouse Model." Biomedicines 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vancomycin-resistance associated sensor/regulator, VraSR two-component regulatory-system (VraSR), regulates virulence and the response of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) to environmental stress. To investigate the role of VraSR in SA skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), we inactivated the VraSR of a clinical CA-MRSA ST30 strain by insertional mutation in vraR gene using the TargeTron-Gene Knockout System. We constructed an organotypic keratinocyte fibroblast co-culture (3D-skin model) and a humanized mouse as SSTI infection models. In the 3D-skin model, inactivation of VraSR in the strains ST30 and USA300 showed 1-log reduction in adhesion and internalization (p < 0.001) compared to the respective wildtype. The mutant strains of ST30 (p < 0.05) and USA300-LAC (p < 0.001) also exhibited reduced apoptosis. The wildtype ST30 infection in the humanized mouse model demonstrated increased skin lesion size and bacterial burden compared to BALB/c mice (p < 0.01). The response of the humanized mouse towards the MRSA infection exhibited human similarity indicating that the humanized mouse SSTI model is more suitable for evaluating the role of virulence determinants. Inactivation of VraSR in ST30 strain resulted in decreased skin lesion size in the humanized mouse SSTI model (p < 0.05) and reduction in apoptotic index (p < 0.01) when compared with the wildtype. Our results reveal that inactivating the VraSR system may be a potent anti-virulence approach to control MRSA infection.
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Barua, Nilakshi, Lin Huang, Carmen Li, Ying Yang, Mingjing Luo, Wan In Wei, Kam Tak Wong, Norman Wai Sing Lo, Kin On Kwok, and Margaret Ip. "Comparative Study of Two-Dimensional (2D) vs. Three-Dimensional (3D) Organotypic Kertatinocyte-Fibroblast Skin Models for Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The invasion of skin tissue by Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by mechanisms that involve sequential breaching of the different stratified layers of the epidermis. Induction of cell death in keratinocytes is a measure of virulence and plays a crucial role in the infection progression. We established a 3D-organotypic keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture model to evaluate whether a 3D-skin model is more effective in elucidating the differences in the induction of cell death by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than in comparison to 2D-HaCaT monolayers. We investigated the difference in adhesion, internalization, and the apoptotic index in HaCaT monolayers and our 3D-skin model using six strains of MRSA representing different clonal types, namely, ST8, ST30, ST59, ST22, ST45 and ST239. All the six strains exhibited internalization in HaCaT cells. Due to cell detachment, the invasion study was limited up to two and a half hours. TUNEL assay showed no significant difference in the cell death induced by the six MRSA strains in the HaCaT cells. Our 3D-skin model provided a better insight into the interactions between the MRSA strains and the human skin during the infection establishment as we could study the infection of MRSA in our skin model up to 48 h. Immunohistochemical staining together with TUNEL assay in the 3D-skin model showed co-localization of the bacteria with the apoptotic cells demonstrating the induction of apoptosis by the bacteria and revealed the variation in bacterial transmigration among the MRSA strains. The strain representing ST59 showed maximum internalization in HaCaT cells and the maximum cell death as measured by Apoptotic index in the 3D-skin model. Our results show that 3D-skin model might be more likely to imitate the physiological response of skin to MRSA infection than 2D-HaCaT monolayer keratinocyte cultures and will enhance our understanding of the difference in pathogenesis among different MRSA strains.
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Shim, Dong Wook, Soo Kwang An, Ha Lim Lee, Jae Yong Lee, Byung Ryul Lee, and Gi Young Yang. "Pressure Changes During Layer Cupping in a Skin Model." Journal of Acupuncture Research 38, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/jar.2020.00031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cupping is widely used in Korean medicine, but there is a risk of bacterial infection if the suction pump (used for inducing negative pressure) and the patients’ skin are not separated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of layer cupping by comparing the pressure changes between layer cupping and conventional cupping.Methods: To evaluate pressure changes the study was designed with 3 types of conditions applied to a skin model: (1) a Dongbang cup with a manual or motor suction pump (conventional cupping); (2) layer cupping with 2 Dongbang cups; and (3) layer cupping with a cup made by 3D printing and a Dongbang cup.Results: When a manual suction pump was used (conventional cupping), the pressure did not decrease steadily, and in 1 section there was an increase in pressure. When layer cupping was used, the pressure in the lower cup (which would be directly applied to the patient’s skin), decreased steadily.Conclusion: In the pressure change graph for layer cupping in this skin model, the pressure in the lower cup (which would be placed on the patient’s skin) steadily decreased, and reached equilibrium. Therefore, the layer cupping model may help to reduce the risks of bacterial infection.
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Merk, Helena, Tehila Amran-Gealia, Doris Finkelmeier, Christina Kohl, Isabelle Pichota, Noa Stern, Steffen Rupp, Amiram Goldblum, and Anke Burger-Kentischer. "Human-Based Immune Responsive In Vitro Infection Models for Validation of Novel TLR4 Antagonists Identified by Computational Discovery." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Infectious diseases are still a major problem worldwide. This includes microbial infections, with a constant increase in resistance to the current anti-infectives employed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) perform a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response. Promising new approaches to combat infections and inflammatory diseases involve modulation of the host immune system via TLR4. TLR4 and its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 are required for immune response to fungal and bacterial infection by recognition of microbial cell wall components, making it a prime target for drug development. To evaluate the efficacy of anti-infective compounds early on, we have developed a series of human-based immune responsive infection models, including immune responsive 3D-skin infection models for modeling fungal infections. By using computational methods: pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking, we identified a set of 46 potential modulators of TLR4, which were screened in several tests systems of increasing complexity, including immune responsive 3D-skin infection models. We could show a strong suppression of cytokine and chemokine response induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Candida albicans for individual compounds. The development of human-based immune responsive assays provides a more accurate and reliable basis for development of new anti-inflammatory or immune-modulating drugs.
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Xian, Dehai, Xia Xiong, Jixiang Xu, Li Xian, Qirong Lei, Jing Song, and Jianqiao Zhong. "Nrf2 Overexpression for the Protective Effect of Skin-Derived Precursors against UV-Induced Damage: Evidence from a Three-Dimensional Skin Model." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (October 14, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7021428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Skin photodamage is associated with ultraviolet- (UV-) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inactivation. In our previous study, skin-derived precursors (SKPs) were shown to ameliorate a UV-induced damage in mice, probably through Nrf2 activation and ROS scavenging. Objective. To clarify the mechanism underlying the photoprotective effect of SKPs against UV-induced damage in a three-dimensional (3D) skin model. Methods. The Nrf2 gene in SKPs was modified using lentiviral infection, and 3D skin models were reconstructed with keratinocytes and fibroblasts on the basis of type I collagen. Subsequently, these models were divided into the following six groups: normal, model, overexpressed, control, silenced, and negative control groups. Prior to irradiation, respective SKPs were injected into the last four groups. Next, all groups except the normal group were exposed to UVA+UVB. Lastly, the pathological and molecular-biological techniques were employed to determine the parameters. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, was used to investigate the roles of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in SKP photoprotection. Results. Normal 3D skin models appeared as milky-white analogs with a clear, well-arranged histological structure. After the skin was exposed to irradiation, it exhibited cell swelling and a disorganized structure and developed nuclear condensation with numerous apoptotic cells. The expressions of cellular protective genes and Nrf2/HO-1/PI3K/Akt proteins remarkably decreased, which were accompanied by increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants (P<0.05). However, these phenomena were reversed by nrf2-overexpressing SKPs. The 3D skin in the overexpressed group showed mild swelling, neatly arranged cells, and few apoptotic cells. Cellular protective genes and Nrf2/HO-1/PI3K/Akt proteins were highly expressed, and the oxidative biomarkers were remarkably ameliorated (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of these proteins decreased after LY294002 pretreatment regardless of SKP treatment or not. Meanwhile, there were increases in both UV-induced apoptotic cells and ROS level accompanied with SOD and GPX decrease in the presence of LY294002. Conclusions. Evidence from the 3D skin model demonstrates that the protection of SKPs against UV-mediated damage is primarily via the PI3K/Akt-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, indicating that SKPs may be a promising candidate for the treatment of photodermatoses.
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Ramsauer, Anna Sophie, Garrett Louis Wachoski-Dark, Cornel Fraefel, Mathias Ackermann, Sabine Brandt, Paula Grest, Cameron Greig Knight, Claude Favrot, and Kurt Tobler. "Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is etiologically associated with the development of genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and precursor lesions in equids. However, the precise mechanisms underlying neoplastic progression remain unknown. To allow the study of EcPV2-induced carcinogenesis, we aimed to establish a primary equine cell culture model of EcPV2 infection. Three-dimensional (3D) raft cultures were generated from equine penile perilesional skin, plaques and SCCs. Using histological, molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods, rafts versus corresponding natural tissue sections were compared with regard to morphology, presence of EcPV2 DNA, presence and location of EcPV2 gene transcripts and expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and tumor/proliferation markers. Raft cultures from perilesional skin harboring only a few EcPV2-positive (EcPV2+) cells accurately recapitulated the differentiation process of normal skin, whilst rafts from EcPV2+ penile plaques were structurally organized but showed early hyperplasia. Rafts from EcPV2+ SCCs exhibited pronounced hyperplasia and marked dysplasia. Raft levels of EcPV2 oncogene transcription (E6/E7) and expression of tumor/proliferation markers p53, Ki67 and MCM7 expression positively correlated with neoplastic progression, again reflecting the natural situation. Three-dimensional raft cultures accurately reflected major features of corresponding ex vivo material, thus constituting a valuable new research model to study EcPV2-induced carcinogenesis.
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Fu, Tse-Kai, Ping-Hsueh Kuo, Yen-Chang Lu, Hsing-Ni Lin, Lily Hui-Ching Wang, Yu-Chun Lin, Yu-Chen Kao, Huey-Min Lai, and Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang. "Cell Penetrating Peptide as a High Safety Anti-Inflammation Ingredient for Cosmetic Applications." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cosmeceutical peptides have become an important topic in recent decades in both academic and industrial fields. Many natural or synthetic peptides with different biological functions including anti-ageing, anti-oxidation, anti-infection and anti-pigmentation have been developed and commercialized. Current cosmeceutical peptides have already satisfied most market demand, remaining: “cargos carrying skin penetrating peptide with high safety” still an un-met need. To this aim, a cell-penetrating peptide, CPPAIF, which efficiently transported cargos into epithelial cells was exanimated. CPPAIF was evaluated with cell model and 3D skin model following OECD guidelines without using animal models. As a highly stable peptide, CPPAIF neither irritated nor sensitized skin, also did not disrupt skin barrier. In addition, such high safety peptide had anti-inflammation activity without allergic effect. Moreover, cargo carrying activity of CPPAIF was assayed using HaCaT cell model and rapid CPPAIF penetration was observed within 30 min. Finally, CPPAIF possessed transepidermal activity in water in oil formulation without disruption of skin barrier. All evidences indicated that CPPAIF was an ideal choice for skin penetrating and its anti-inflammatory activity could improve skin condition, which made CPPAIF suitable and attractive for novel cosmeceutical product development.
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de Breij, Anna, Elisabeth M. Haisma, Marion Rietveld, Abdelouahab El Ghalbzouri, Peterhans J. van den Broek, Lenie Dijkshoorn, and Peter H. Nibbering. "Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent as a Tool To Study Acinetobacter baumannii Colonization." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 5 (January 30, 2012): 2459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05975-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniican colonize body surfaces of hospitalized patients. From these sites, invasion into the host and spread to other patients and the hospital environment may occur. The eradication of the organism from the patient's skin is an important infection control strategy during epidemic and endemic episodes. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D), air-exposed human epidermal skin equivalent was exploited to studyAcinetobacterskin colonization. We characterized the adherence ofA. baumanniiATCC 19606TandAcinetobacter juniiRUH2228Tto and biofilm formation on the skin equivalent and the responses to these bacteria. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of the disinfectant chlorhexidine to decolonize the skin equivalents. The results revealed that both strains replicated on the stratum corneum for up to 72 h but did not invade the epidermis.A. baumannii, in contrast toA. junii, formed large biofilms on the stratum corneum. Bacterial colonization did not affect keratinocyte activation, proliferation, or differentiation, nor did it induce a strong inflammatory response. Disinfection with chlorhexidine solution resulted in complete eradication ofA. baumanniifrom the skin, without detrimental effects. This 3D model is a promising tool to study skin colonization and to evaluate the effects of novel disinfectant and antimicrobial strategies.
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Jahanshahi, Maryam, David Hamdi, Brent Godau, Ehsan Samiei, Carla Sanchez-Lafuente, Katie Neale, Zhina Hadisi, et al. "An Engineered Infected Epidermis Model for In Vitro Study of the Skin’s Pro-Inflammatory Response." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wound infection is a major clinical challenge that can significantly delay the healing process, can create pain, and requires prolonged hospital stays. Pre-clinical research to evaluate new drugs normally involves animals. However, ethical concerns, cost, and the challenges associated with interspecies variation remain major obstacles. Tissue engineering enables the development of in vitro human skin models for drug testing. However, existing engineered skin models are representative of healthy human skin and its normal functions. This paper presents a functional infected epidermis model that consists of a multilayer epidermis structure formed at an air-liquid interface on a hydrogel matrix and a three-dimensionally (3D) printed vascular-like network. The function of the engineered epidermis is evaluated by the expression of the terminal differentiation marker, filaggrin, and the barrier function of the epidermis model using the electrical resistance and permeability across the epidermal layer. The results showed that the multilayer structure enhances the electrical resistance by 40% and decreased the drug permeation by 16.9% in the epidermis model compared to the monolayer cell culture on gelatin. We infect the model with Escherichia coli to study the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by measuring the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha). After 24 h of exposure to Escherichia coli, the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in control samples were 125 ± 78 and 920 ± 187 pg/mL respectively, while in infected samples, they were 1429 ± 101 and 2155.5 ± 279 pg/mL respectively. However, in ciprofloxacin-treated samples the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α without significant difference with respect to the control reached to 246 ± 87 and 1141.5 ± 97 pg/mL respectively. The robust fabrication procedure and functionality of this model suggest that the model has great potential for modeling wound infections and drug testing.
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Schollemann, Franziska, Carina Barbosa Pereira, Stefanie Rosenhain, Andreas Follmann, Felix Gremse, Fabian Kiessling, Michael Czaplik, and Mauren Abreu de Souza. "An Anatomical Thermal 3D Model in Preclinical Research: Combining CT and Thermal Images." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Even though animal trials are a controversial topic, they provide knowledge about diseases and the course of infections in a medical context. To refine the detection of abnormalities that can cause pain and stress to the animal as early as possible, new processes must be developed. Due to its noninvasive nature, thermal imaging is increasingly used for severity assessment in animal-based research. Within a multimodal approach, thermal images combined with anatomical information could be used to simulate the inner temperature profile, thereby allowing the detection of deep-seated infections. This paper presents the generation of anatomical thermal 3D models, forming the underlying multimodal model in this simulation. These models combine anatomical 3D information based on computed tomography (CT) data with a registered thermal shell measured with infrared thermography. The process of generating these models consists of data acquisition (both thermal images and CT), camera calibration, image processing methods, and structure from motion (SfM), among others. Anatomical thermal 3D models were successfully generated using three anesthetized mice. Due to the image processing improvement, the process was also realized for areas with few features, which increases the transferability of the process. The result of this multimodal registration in 3D space can be viewed and analyzed within a visualization tool. Individual CT slices can be analyzed axially, sagittally, and coronally with the corresponding superficial skin temperature distribution. This is an important and successfully implemented milestone on the way to simulating the internal temperature profile. Using this temperature profile, deep-seated infections and inflammation can be detected in order to reduce animal suffering.
Дисертації з теми "3D skin infection model"
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IDREES, AYESHA. "Development of 3D skin model and 3D skin infection model, as advanced testing tools for the bio-evaluation of antimicrobial biomaterials for wound healing." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2743229.
Повний текст джерела
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Nun, Nicholas. "Improving Skin Wound Healing Using Functional Electrospun Wound Dressings and 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Constructs." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1617985844538101.
Повний текст джерела
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Oble, Darryl. "A TCR transgenic model of infection-induced autoimmune psoriasiform skin disease." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Psoriasiform skin diseases are a poorly understood group of disorders. Recent data has implicated the immune system with a central role in disease pathogenesis. In this thesis, various T cell populations were studied in a TCR transgenic model of psoriasiform disease, whose abnormal interactions culminate in distinctive psoriasiform pathology. The model is based upon the expression of the transgenic 2C TCR on the H-2[sup d] -expressing DBA/2 inbred strain (referred to as D2C mice). The 2C TCR recognizes a peptide (p2Ca) derived from the ubiquitous mitochondrial protein 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, presented by the MHC class I molecule, L[sup d]. In D2C mice, expression of the 2C TCR led to a comprehensive depletion of immature T cell progenitors, which express the 2C TCR, and a resultant lymphopenia of mature peripheral T cells. The lymphopenia of CD8⁺ cytotoxic and CD4⁺ helper T cells predisposes to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, resulting in inflammatory skin disease restricted to the sebum rich areas of the skin, resembling the human psoriasiform disease seborrheic dermatitis. In D2C mice, there is also a deficiency in T regulatory (T[sub reg]) cells as a result of slowed thymic output of mature T cells. The reduced T[sub reg] function results in a lymphoproliferation of polyclonal CD4⁺CD25⁻ cells, many of which home to the aforementioned cutaneous inflammatory sites. This expansion of "helper" cells was likely due to antigenic stimulation, presumably against immunogenic determinants of opportunistic pathogens. Reconstitution of the T[sub reg] compartment by adoptive transfer abrogates the development of psoriasiform pathology and precludes the lymphoproliferation of CD⁺CD25⁻ cells. These data suggest that T[sub reg] may downregulate the response of mature cells to ubiquitous commensal organisms as a means to maintain immunological homeostasis. In TCR transgenic mice which express the cognate Ag of the transgenic TCR, a large population of transgenic cells exist in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. These cells are anergized and fail to respond to stimulation with cognate ligand; however, they express a memory immunophenotype, including the intermediate affinity IL-2 receptor. The expression of this receptor enables these cells to use bystander IL-2 or IL-15 to overcome this inactivation, revealing enhanced functional properties induced by the high-affinity interaction with cognate ligand. These observations suggest that such clonally anergized cells may represent an in vivo autoimmune hazard; and, interestingly, a further consequence of the CD4⁺CD25⁻ lymphoproliferation in D2C mice is the bystander activation of these transgenic T cells. After undergoing acute activation, 2C T cells exacerbate the cutaneous pathology in these animals, a consequence that can be abrogated by the administration of a blocking mAb against the 2C TCR. Interestingly, the combination of immunodeficiency, T[sub reg] lymphopenia, the presence of CD4⁺CD25⁻ cells capable of undergoing vigorous expansion, and a large population of memory phenotype 2C transgenic cells was insufficient to induce disease when D2C bone marrow was adoptively transferred to lethally irradiated syngeneic DBA/2 mice. Examination of these animals revealed that bone marrow transfer did not deplete the skin of DBA/2-derived cutaneous γδ cells. Sentinel intraepithelial γδ lymphocytes have been shown to have an important role in surveying the epithelium for signs of infection and malignancy as well as in maintaining epithelial integrity. The development of these cells is curtailed in D2C mice due to the forced expression of the 2C TCR; however, the persistence of these cells in the aforementioned bone marrow chimeras may have protected these animals from the development of the disease phenotype. While generated DBA/2 TCRδ⁻/⁻ mice did not develop spontaneous disease, the transfer of D2C bone marrow to lethally irradiated DBA/2 TCRδ⁻/⁻ recipients successfully transferred the disease phenotype, confirming the importance of these cells in protecting against the development of psoriasiform pathology. This result also demonstrated that a compromised cutaneous barrier is necessary for disease pathogenesis, as disease does not develop when the skin is populated by sentinel intraepithelial lymphocytes. While considerable research efforts have been focused on human psoriasiform disease, a solid understanding of disease pathophysiology is severely lacking. This limited knowledge of psoriasiform disease is highlighted by the ongoing uncertainty of whether these diseases represent primary diseases of the epithelium, or whether these diseases represent tissue specific autoimmunity occurring in normal skin as a result of dysfunctional immunity. One explanation for this failure to understand basic principles of psoriasiform disease pathophysiology can be attributed to the limited numbers of appropriate model systems to carefully study disease. The D2C model of psoriasiform disease has been shown to be an accurate model system which has demonstrated that a complex interplay between various immunocytes and epithelium culminates in psoriasiform disease. The insight that the D2C model has generated will lead to a better understanding of these poorly characterized psoriasiform conditions.Science, Faculty of
Microbiology and Immunology, Department of
Graduate
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Gkouma, Savvini. "Engineering Vascularized Skin Tissue in a 3D format supported by Recombinant Spider Silk." Thesis, KTH, Proteinteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skin is an organ with a complex structure which plays a crucial role in thebody’s defence against external threats and in maintaining major homeostatic functions. The need for in vitro models that mimic the in vivo milieu is therefore high and relevant with various applications including, among others, penetration, absorption, and toxicity studies. In this context, the choice of the biomaterial that will provide a 3D scaffold to the cultured cells is defining the model’s success. The FN-4RepCT silk is here suggested as a potent biomaterial for skin tissue engineering applications. This recombinantly produced spider silk protein (FN-4RepCT), which can self-assemble into fibrils, creates a robust and elastic matrice with high bioactivity, due to its functionalization with the fibronectin derived RGD-containing peptide. Hence it overcomes the drawbacks of other available biomaterials either synthetic or based on animal derived proteins. Additionally, the FN-4RepCT silk protein can be cast in various 3D formats, two of which are utilized within this project. We herein present a bilayered skin tissue equivalent supported by the FN-4RepCT silk. This is constructed by the combination of a foam format, integrated with dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and a membrane format supporting epidermal keratinocytes. As a result, a vascularized dermal layer that contains ECM components (Collagen I, Collagen III, and Elastin) is constructed and attached to an epidermal layer of differentiated keratinocytes.The protocol presented in this project offers a successful method of evenly integrating cells in the FN-4RepCT silk scaffold, while preserving their ability to resume some of their major in vivo functions like proliferation, ECM secretion, construction of vascular networks, and differentiation. The obtained results were evaluated with immunofluorescence stainings of various markers of interest and further analysed, when necessary, with image processing tools. The results that ensued from the herein presented protocol strongly suggest that the FN-4RepCT silk is a promising biomaterial for skin tissue engineering applications.
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Haridas, Parvathi. "In vitro characterisation of melanoma progression in a melanoma skin equivalent model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118574/1/Parvathi_Haridas_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Melanoma is a fatal form of skin cancer which progresses in an orchestrated pattern in human skin. Characterising these phases of melanoma in vitro can provide key insights into mechanisms of the disease progression. In this thesis, we investigate how in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model assays that recapitulate human skin can be used to identify key features underlying melanoma progression. In particular, we construct a 3D melanoma skin equivalent model using melanoma cells from the early and late phase of the disease. We further quantify melanoma cell migration, proliferation, invasion, as well as melanoma nest formation.
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Hassan, Asha. "The novel interactions of Necator americanus with the innate immune system and the development of a 3D immunocompetent model of human skin." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50382/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Necatoriasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the insidious parasite Necator americanus. This hookworm infects and reinfects approximately 500 million individuals worldwide, with a further 5.1 billion at high risk for acquiring the infection. Despite the high level of reinfection, no lasting immunological memory develops in the host. Albeit the profound health implications, chronicity and public health burden in developing countries, many aspects of human Necator americanus infection, particularly early events at the interface with the host immune system, are under researched. These figures and facts highlight the need for new research elucidating the molecular interactions between Necator americanus and the innate immune system. This will aid in the rational design of innovative and more efficient intervention strategies against hookworm infection, which is an essential measure for disease prevention. Objectives: In the context of Necatoriasis, this thesis studied the physical interaction between infective Necator americanus larvae (L3) with human dendritic cells (DCs) and epidermal keratinocytes, investigating the biological consequences. In addition, the development of a platform consisting of human keratinocytes, fibroblast and DCs on a 3D scaffold was constructed as an in vitro model of human skin. Results: The present thesis provides new insights into early immunological events at the interface of DCs and Necator americanus larvae and could explain how L3 affect immunity upon initial interaction with antigen presenting cells. For the first time, the data presented illustrates the sequestration of human DCs onto the sheath of L3 infective Necator americanus larvae, triggering the hookworm to exsheath. Intriguingly, the exposed cuticle of the larvae had negligible interaction with the free DCs. The findings also illustrate that the interaction between DCs and the larvae is mediated via a mandatory interaction with C-type lectin receptors, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose receptor (MR). Blocking of either receptors with antibodies resulted in an inhibition of DC sequestration and aggregate formation. This demonstrates the biological relevance of previously identified lectin binding molecules on the Necator americanus larvae (L3) sheath in the context of interacting with DCs. These findings allude to a disparity between the surface chemistry of the sheath and larvae that could explain their differential ability to interact with DCs. While the exact nature of differences in the surface properties of the larvae and sheath are yet to be characterised, this data clearly indicates the presence of distinct chemical signatures on the cuticle sheath that attract DCs. However, this not only induces exsheathing but also enables larvae migration without being recognised or challenged by antigen presenting cells. A potential escape mechanism through which the larvae could bypass the immune cells, creating a possible site of ‘temporary immune privilege’. DCs incubated with viable axenic larvae exhibited an immature phenotype as evidenced by the low expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. Subsequently, the ability of DCs to acquire a mature phenotype in response to co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of Necator americanus was assessed. These data show that DCs treated with the larvae will remain responsive to LPS stimulation. Additionally while the axenised larvae do not induce any cytokine production by DCs, they seem to suppress LPS induced cytokine expression, however these changes were not statistically significant (p value ≤0.3). Furthermore, the cell-free culture media from DCs, matured in the presence of LPS, had no visible effects on the larvae. Intriguingly, matured DCs in LPS-free culture media render the larvae non-viable through a lysing mechanism, alluding to a modified paracrine signalling response by mature immune cells in culture with the parasite. Interestingly, in the presence of epidermal keratinocytes, ex-sheathing was not mandatory to enable larval burrowing. In fact, only a small number of the larvae sheaths were recoverable from the apical surface of the keratinocyte layer; indicating preferential ensheathed larval burrowing. The data also illustrated the novel behavioural strategies promoting host invasion by Necator americanus larvae, in the presence of epidermal keratinocytes. Larvae were notably slower to exsheath in culture with keratinocytes and exhibited no vigorous movements as observed in DC cultures. This was thought to prevent early exsheathing, as the advantage of larvae maintaining their sheath during the initial stages of infection is in theory highly beneficial. Finally an immunocompetent tri-culture was developed on 3D layered PET scaffolds, encompassing epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, interspersed with DCs cultured at air liquid interface. A functional barrier was optimised, following which immune cell migration within the tri-culture system was observed successfully. Conclusion: Collectively, the sequestration of DCs onto the larvae sheath, suppression of maturation and cytokine expression, provides a possible explanation for the lack of a lasting immune response. These data provide novel insights into early immunological events at the interface of DCs, epidermal keratinocytes and Necator americanus larvae, which could explain how L3 evade immunity upon initial interaction with antigen presenting cells.
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Ali-, von Laue Cherine Mohamed Ossama Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Novel Polymerase Inhibitors : characterisation of a nanocarrier and activity testing in a 3D non-melanoma skin tumour model / Cherine Mohamed Ali (Ali- von Laue)." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026358027/34.
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Rontard, Jessica. "Evaluation expérimentale du risque prion lié aux porteurs asymptomatiques chez l'Homme et le macaque." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET008/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La détection de la protéine prion anormale dans les tissus lymphoïdes de patients britanniques suggère qu’après exposition à l’agent de la variante de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vMCJ) plus de 99% des contaminations pourraient demeurer cliniquement silencieuses. Ces données soulignent un risque de transmission secondaire par transfusion sanguine ce qui nous a conduit à une étude expérimentale. En parallèle des formes classiques de vMCJ, nos modèles murins et simiens de retransmission ont mis en evidence des phenotypes atypiques. Ces phénotypes échappent actuellement aux critères de diagnostic puisqu’aucune protéine prion anormale (PrPres) n’est détectée.Nos travaux ont eu pour but principal d’évaluer expérimentalement le risque sanguin au travers d’études de retransmission et de caractérisation de la replication des souches classiques et atypiques aux niveaux périphérique et central.Nous observons une très forte hétérogénéité dans la réplication de la PrP anormale dans les différents tissus lymphoïdes des macaques transfusés développant une vMCJ. Le niveau de contamination des tissus lymphoïdes apparait proportionnel à l’infectiosité sanguine de ces animaux et au risque de transmission de la maladie in vivo. Concernant les formes atypiques, la majorité des macaques transfusés n’ont pas de réplication dans les tissus lymphoïdes bien que ces phénotypes soient transmissibles expérimentalement à des modèles murins. Des transmissions à des souris immunodéficientes révèlent que les souches atypiques sont transmissibles par voie périphérique en l’absence d’un système immunitaire fonctionnel.Une alternative à l’expérimentation animale a été réalisée grâce aux « mini-brains » mimant la complexité du cerveau humain. Ces organoïdes cultivés en trois dimensions sont sensibles à au moins un isolat de prion associé aux formes sporadiques humaines. Les mini-brains pourraient ainsi constituer un nouvel outil d’étude des maladies à prions et permettre à termes la caractérisation des souches atypiquesThe detection of abnormal prion protein in the lymphoid tissues of UK patients suggests that after exposure to the agent of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), more than 99% of contaminations may remain clinically silent. These data highlight a risk of secondary transmission through blood transfusion. In parallel to the classical vCJD forms, our experimental models in mice and macaques revealed another group which avoids the current diagnostic criteria, including the absence of abnormal prion protein (PrPres).The main goal of our work was to experimentally assess the risk of blood through retransmission studies and characterization of the abnormal replication of classical and atypical strains examined at peripheral and central levels.We observed a high heterogeneity of the distribution of the abnormal PrP in the lymphoid tissues of vCJD transfused macaques. The global level of contamination in lymphoid tissues seems proportional to the blood infectivity in these animals and to the risk of in vivo transmission of the disease. Regarding atypical forms, despite an absence of replication in lymphoid tissues, these phenotypes are experimentally transmissible. Transmissions to immunodeficient mice reveal that atypical strains are transmissible through peripheral routes in the absence of functional immune system.An alternative to animal testing has been achieved using to "mini-brains" mimicking the complexity of the human nervous system. These organoids cultured in three dimensions are sensitive to at least one prion isolate associated with human sporadic forms. Thus, mini-brains could constitute a new tool for studying prion diseases and improve the characterization of atypical strains
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Lebeko, Maribanyana Robert. "The use of in vitro 2d co-culture models to determine the optimal keratinocyte: melanocyte ratio to be used in the development of pigmented 3d skin model." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical referencesBurn injuries are among the most devastating of all injuries and a major global public health crisis, with fire related burns accounting for approximately 265 000 deaths annually. The African continent, most especially Sub-Saharan Africa, has the second highest mortality rates (15% of global mortality rates). In South Africa, 3.2 % of the total population sustains burn injuries, with 50 % of these cases as children under the age of20 years. Studies have also shown that most of these incidences are prevalent within the age groups of 0-5 years, and account for the 3rd most common cause of mortality in children under the age of 15 years. In depth knowledge and understanding of cellular facets of wound healing has allowed for a greater stance in the interventions aimed at circumventing problems associated with development of effective wound defects treatment regimen. Burn treatment options are largely dependent on the degree and extensiveness of burns. A wide body of literature exists with regards to traditional as well as current treatment options. These include, for instance the use of various forms of skin auto-grafts. Despite such great success with all kinds of innovative ideas surrounding the use of autologous skin grafting, lack of available donor sites for skin grafts still remains a problem, more so in cases where patients suffer burns spanning more than 70% TBSA. This therefore has inspired the design and use of bioengineered skin substitutes as well as cultured/non-cultured autologous epidermal cells. Unfortunately, to date, no tissue engineering technique has fully been able to recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of the skin, or has attained the biological stability as well as achieving the aesthetic outcome. Several hurdles are yet to be overcome to achieve this. Amongst many, inclusion of melanocytes, other skin appendages as well as potential progenitor cells is some of the attributes of an ideal 3D skin equivalent. Therefore pigmented 3D skin constructs are of great interest as they address not only the issues of complete wound healing, but also the aesthetic outcomes. In light of this, correct keratinocyte to melanocyte ratios are also of great importance in designing such pigmented 3D constructs. Therefore the major aim of this study was to isolate skin melanocytes and keratinocytes, and co-culture them at different ratios in order to attain optimal pigment production and/or consequent improved wound healing outcome. To determine the best keratinocyte to melanocyte ratio to use in developing pigmented3D skin constructs, the following co-culture ratios were used: 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1.Proliferation assays were employed to further elucidate the growth dynamics of both human skin melanocytes and keratinocytes in either mono- or co-culture system. Secondly, FACS was used to develop a reliable technique to be used to separate the two cell types from a co-culture system in order to perform downstream analyses. Thirdly, to establish the roles of the co-cultured cells in wound healing (with regards to proliferation and migration), scratch wound healing assays were employed. Lastly, FACS was used to infer the effect of such ratios on pigment production. Our results demonstrated that keratinocytes, compared to melanocytes mono-cultures have higher proliferation capacity. On the contrary melanocyte's proliferation is up-regulated by the presence of keratinocytes in a co-culture, whereas higher numbers of melanocytes in co-culture with keratinocytes resulted in less proliferative keratinocyte phenotype. The FACS separation technique worked excellently in identifying keratinocyte population from melanocytes, with an almost 100% accuracy. This is shown by melanocytes being sorted as 93% of MART-1 + cells in a mono-culture, followed by an approximately 5:1 separation of keratinocytes from melanocytes (77% Kc and 17% Mc). In vitro scratch assays demonstrated that none of the co-culture ratios was significantly superior with regards to wound healing capacities and pigment production, in the absence of fibroblast-conditioned medium. In conclusion, the 5:1 co-culture ratio seemed to yield a non-significant, yet best outcome with regards to wound healing capacity (only in the presence of fibroblast-derived factors), thus conferring it as a potential optimal ratio of keratinocytes to melanocytes, to be used in development of our pigmented 3D constructs.
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Görig, Michal. "Výpočet dynamických sil jističe 250A." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master’s thesis deals with the calculation of electrodynamic forces breaker BD250NE305. Main tasks in this semester project is to study the theoretical analysis of individual parts specified breakers. Processing theoretical analysis of these forces. Creating a 3D model current path and sheets quenching chamber single phase circuit breaker in Autodesk Inventor Professional 2012. Another challenge is the subsequent export the model into the simulation program ANSYS Maxwell. After simulation, the specified conditions must be processed and the results of the present work is to evaluate.
Книги з теми "3D skin infection model"
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Rivard, Mark J., Luc Beaulieu, and Bruce Thomadsen. Clinical Brachytherapy Physics. Medical Physics Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781936366576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brachytherapy has been a popular topic for AAPM summer schools, with this marking the third time the subject has been covered (past schools on the topic were held in 1994 and 2005). This book was developed for the AAPM 2017 Summer School in Portland, Oregon, held in conjunction with the American Brachytherapy Association. From Joann Prisciandaro in Medical Physics…"Overall, this text is well written and provides a nice summary of current and developing clinical brachytherapy practice patterns. …from my perspective as a practicing brachytherapy physicist and educator, this text will make an extremely useful reference and will certainly be added to my list of required reading for residents and graduate students." This book is more than a comprehensive overview of the brachytherapy tools and techniques used in a modern clinic. The book also looks at numerous exciting approaches currently under development. Topics include HDR and LDR brachytherapy for the prostate, general planning and model-based dose calculation algorithms, intensity-modulated brachytherapy, electronic brachytherapy sources and techniques, and brachytherapy advances for treating skin, gynecological, and breast cancer. Some of the promising new techniques covered include focal therapy, the use of 3D printing to augment treatment, advances in needle tracking, in vivo dosimetry, and the use of robotics in brachytherapy.
Частини книг з теми "3D skin infection model"
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Rubinchik, Evelina, and Christopher Pasetka. "Ex Vivo Skin Infection Model." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 359–69. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-594-1_22.
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Malachowa, Natalia, Scott D. Kobayashi, Jamie Lovaglio, and Frank R. DeLeo. "Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection." In Mouse Models of Innate Immunity, 139–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9167-9_12.
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Malachowa, Natalia, Scott D. Kobayashi, Kevin R. Braughton, and Frank R. DeLeo. "Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection." In Mouse Models of Innate Immunity, 109–16. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-481-4_14.
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Zheng, Fang. "Global Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Model with Linear Drug Therapy Function." In 3D Imaging—Multidimensional Signal Processing and Deep Learning, 21–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2452-1_3.
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Svoren, Martin, Elena Camerini, Merijn van Erp, Feng Wei Yang, Gert-Jan Bakker, and Katarina Wolf. "Approaches to Determine Nuclear Shape in Cells During Migration Through Collagen Matrices." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 97–114. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFibrillar collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) component of interstitial tissues which supports the structure of many organs, including the skin and breast. Many different physiological processes, but also pathological processes such as metastatic cancer invasion, involve interstitial cell migration. Often, cell movement takes place through small ECM gaps and pores and depends upon the ability of the cell and its stiff nucleus to deform. Such nuclear deformation during cell migration may impact nuclear integrity, such as of chromatin or the nuclear envelope, and therefore the morphometric analysis of nuclear shapes can provide valuable insight into a broad variety of biological processes. Here, we describe a protocol on how to generate a cell-collagen model in vitro and how to use confocal microscopy for the static and dynamic visualization of labeled nuclei in single migratory cells. We developed, and here provide, two scripts that (Fidler, Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458, 2003) enable the semi-automated and fast quantification of static single nuclear shape descriptors, such as aspect ratio or circularity, and the nuclear irregularity index that forms a combination of four distinct shape descriptors, as well as (Frantz et al., J Cell Sci 123 (Pt 24):4195–4200, 2010) a quantification of their changes over time. Finally, we provide quantitative measurements on nuclear shapes from cells that migrated through collagen either in the presence or the absence of an inhibitor of collagen degradation, showing the distinctive power of this approach. This pipeline can also be applied to cell migration studied in different assays, ranging from 3D microfluidics to migration in the living organism.
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GIRÓN BASTIDAS, JULIANA, NATASHA MAURMANN, LUIZA SILVA DE OLIVEIRA, and PATRICIA PRANKE. "IN VIVO EVALUATION OF A BILAYER SCAFFOLD FROM PLGA/FIBRIN AND FIBRIN HYDROGEL FOR SKIN REGENERATION." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB) - Biofabrication, Bioprinting, Additive Manufacturing applied to health. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/ii.3dbb.2022.01.016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BECAUSE THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN WOUNDS REQUIRING CLINICAL TREATMENT REPRESENTS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WORLDWIDE, THE PRESENT WORK AIMS TO DEVELOP A BILAYER SCAFFOLD OF POLY (LACTIDE- CO- GLYCOLIDE) (PLGA)/FIBRIN ELECTROSPUN MEMBRANE AND FIBRIN HYDROGEL LAYER TO BE TESTED IN VIVO AS SKIN SUBSTITUTES. PRIMARY CULTURES OF FIBROBLASTS AND KERATINOCYTES WERE ISOLATED FROM ISOGENIC WISTAR KYOTO RATS (WKY). FIBROBLASTS WERE CULTIVATED IN THE FIBRIN HYDROGEL AND KERATINOCYTES ON THE ELECTROSPUN LAYER TO GENERATE A SKIN SUBSTITUTE USING AN AIR/LIQUID SYSTEM. SCAFFOLDS WERE TESTED IN A FULL-THICKNESS WOUND MODEL IN WKY RATS OF 3 MONTHS. THREE GROUPS WERE ANALYZED MACROSCOPICALLY AND MICROSCOPICALLY: 1 (BILAYER SCAFFOLD WITHOUT CELLS), 2 (HETEROTYPIC SKIN SUBSTITUTES), 3 (NEGATIVE CONTROL). PARTIAL RESULTS SHOWED A SCAB FORMATION AT DAY 14 IN ALL ANIMALS FROM GROUPS 1, 2, AND 3. NO SIGNS OF WOUND INFECTION WERE PRESENTED. ON DAY 14, ALL WOUNDS WERE RE-EPITHELIALIZED AND GRANULATION TISSUE WAS THICKER IN GROUP 2. IT COULD BE CONCLUDED THAT THE BILAYER SCAFFOLD IS THUS A PROMISING MATRIX TO BE USED AS A SKIN SUBSTITUTE. HOWEVER, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THE SAMPLE SIZE FOR EACH GROUP AND REALIZE HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOENZYMATIC ASSAYS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE TISSUE REGENERATION PROCESS.
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Moffat, J. F., and A. M. Arvin. "Varicella-zoster Virus Infection of T cells and Skin in the SCID-hu Mouse Model." In Handbook of Animal Models of Infection, 973–79. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012775390-4/50256-6.
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Bufe, Nikolas. "B 3D pose estimation based on the ellipsoid-approximated bone model." In Method for Non-Invasive Skin Artifact-Free Spatial Bone Motion Tracking Using Pressure Sensor Foils, 65. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186296177-65.
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Rawat, Sonali, Yashvi Sharma, Misba Majood, and Sujata Mohanty. "3D Culturing of Stem Cells: An Emerging Technique for Advancing Fundamental Research in Regenerative Medicine." In Stem Cell Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regenerative medicine has been coming into spotlight ever since the realisation that conventional treatments are not enough, and the need for specific therapies has emerged. This, however, has paved way for cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles. A two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model is widely recognised as the “gold standard” for researching cellular communications ex vivo. Although the 2D culture technique is straightforward and easy to use, it cannot replicate the in vivo ECM interactions & microenvironment. On the contrary, 3D culture culturing technology has emerged which include structures such as spheroids and organoids. Organoids are small replicas of in vivo tissues and organs, which faithfully recreate their structures and functions. These could be used as models to derive stem cells based EVs for manufacturing purposes. The linkages between infection and cancer growth, as well as mutation and carcinogenesis, may be modelled using this bioengineered platform. All in all, 3D culturing derived EVs serves as a novel platform for diagnostics, drug discovery & delivery, and therapy.
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Rigane, Emna, and Susu M Zughaier. "Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Is a Potential Therapeutic Target." In Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The host-adapted human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. The increased emergence of gonorrhea infections worldwide, associated with the surging resistance to antimicrobial treatments is alarming. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human health and occur through various molecular mechanisms. This research aims to identify molecular therapeutic targets in N. gonorhoeae as a potential antibiotic adjuvant. This work is focused on ketol acid reductor-isomerase enzyme (KARI), an enzyme involved in the branched-chain amino acids biosynthesis. A BLASTp analysis revealed that KARI enzyme is highly conserved in N. gonorrhoeae strains and present in important bacterial pathogens including ESKAPE. Sequence alignment of different KARI proteins from various human bacterial pathogens and gut microbiota demonstrate that residues forming the active site and cofactors binding sites are conserved among all tested KARIs. A 3D homology-based model for gonococcal KARI was generated using Swiss model server and the KARI template from S. aureus. The generated 3D KARI model shows that this enzyme adapts a different conformation upon binding of cofactors, allowing the substrate binding and catalysis, while the active site adapts a closed state.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "3D skin infection model"
1
Salam, Hanan, and Renaud Seguier. "A 3D-Eyeball/Skin Decorrelated Active Appearance Model." In the 1st IEEE/IIAE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing 2013. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/icisip2013.029.
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Medearis, S., R. Brown, K. Pollard, A. Bosak, C. Dugas, A. Das, R. Sato, V. Traina-Dorge, M. Moore, and G. Piedimonte. "3D Culture Model to Characterize RSV Infection in the Peripheral Nervous System." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3126.
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Zhang Jinhua and Yang Jun. "3D face reconstruction based on non-absolute positive photos and skin model." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199523.
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Bedal, K., and M. R. Pausan. "Marshmallow and its action on inflamed 3D skin model mimicking atopic dermatitis." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759098.
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Jor, Jessica W. Y., Martyn P. Nash, Poul M. F. Nielsen, and Peter J. Hunter. "Modelling the Mechanical Properties of Human Skin: Towards a 3D Discrete Fibre Model." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353882.
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Unlu, Mehmet Z., Andrzej Krol, Ioana L. Coman, James A. Mandel, Karl G. Baum, Wei Lee, Edward D. Lipson, and David H. Feiglin. "Deformable model for 3D intramodal nonrigid breast image registration with fiducial skin markers." In Medical Imaging, edited by J. Michael Fitzpatrick and Joseph M. Reinhardt. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.595420.
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Singh, Gurtej, Vivian Lee, John P. Trasatti, Seung-Schik Yoo, Guohao Dai, and Pankaj Karande. "Development of an immunocompetent human skin tissue model using three dimensional (3D) freeform fabrication." In 2011 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2011.5778579.
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Shih, Yu-Yin, Chun-Hung Lin, Kuan-Ting Liu, Kai-Wen Kan, Hsien-Ya Lin, Ming-You Shie, and Yi-Wen Chen. "Supplement of iron abrogates SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in a 3D model of vascularized organoids." In 2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe55377.2022.00036.
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Akagunduz, Erdem, Ilkay Ulusoy, Nesli Bozkurt, and Ugur Halici. "A physically-based facial skin model to simulate facial expressions on digitally scanned 3D models." In 2007 22nd international symposium on computer and information sciences. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscis.2007.4456853.
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Tham, Marius, Manuel Berning, and Petra Boukamp. "Abstract A76: Vemurafenib induces differentiation, invasion, and stromal activation in a 3D human skin carcinoma model." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; February 26 — March 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.chtme14-a76.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "3D skin infection model"
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Evans, Donald L., Avigdor Eldar, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, and Herve Bercovier. Streptococcus Iniae Infection in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Towards the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586538.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of the BARD proposal were to determine the mechanisms of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) that are necessary to provide heightened innate resistance to infection and to identify the antigenic determinants in Streptococcus iniae that are best suited for vaccine development. Our central hypothesis was that anti-bacterial immunity in trout and tilapia can only be acquired by combining "innate" NCC responses with antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens. These Objectives were accomplished by experiments delineated by the following Specific Aims: Specific aim (SA) #1 (USA) "Clone and Identify the Apoptosis Regulatory Genes in NCC"; Specific aim #2 (USA)"Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae"; Specific aim #3 (Israel) "Characterize the Biological Properties of the S. iniae Capsular Polysaccharide"; and Specific aim #4 (Israel) "Development of an Acellular Vaccine". Our model of S. iniae pathogenesis encompassed two approaches, identify apoptosis regulatory genes and proteins in tilapia that affected NCC activities (USA group) and determine the participation of S.iniae capsular polysaccharides as potential immunogens for the development of an acellular vaccine (Israel group). We previously established that it was possible to immunize tilapia and trout against experimental S. difficile/iniaeinfections. However these studies indicated that antibody responses in protected fish were short lived (3-4 months). Thus available vaccines were useful for short-term protection only. To address the issues of regulation of pathogenesis and immunogens of S. iniae, we have emphasized the role of the innate immune response regarding activation of NCC and mechanisms of invasiveness. Considerable progress was made toward accomplishing SA #1. We have cloned the cDNA of the following tilapia genes: cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS/AF547173»; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF / A Y 428948); and nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide (NACA/ A Y168640). Similar attempts were made to sequence the tilapia FasLgene/cDNA, however these experiments were not successful. Aim #2 was to "Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae." To accomplish this, a new membrane receptor has been identified that may control innate responses (including apoptosis) of NCC to S. iniae. The receptor is a membrane protein on teleost NCC. This protein (NCC cationic antimicrobial protein-1/ncamp-1/AAQ99138) has been sequenced and the cDNA cloned (A Y324398). In recombinant form, ncamp-l kills S. iniae in vitro. Specific aim 3 ("Characterize the Biological Properties of the S.iniae Capsular Polysaccharide") utilized an in- vitro model using rainbow trout primary skin epithelial cell mono layers. These experiments demonstrated colonization into epithelial cells followed by a rapid decline of viable intracellular bacteria and translocation out of the cell. This pathogenesis model suggested that the bacterium escapes the endosome and translocates through the rainbow trout skin barrier to further invade and infect the host. Specific aim #4 ("Development of an Acellular Vaccine") was not specifically addressed. These studies demonstrated that several different apoptotic regulatory genes/proteins are expressed by tilapia NCC. These are the first studies demonstrating that such factors exist in tilapia. Because tilapia NCC bind to and are activated by S. iniae bacterial DNA, we predict that the apoptotic regulatory activity of S. iniae previously demonstrated by our group may be associated with innate antibacterial responses in tilapia.
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.