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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "3D displacement"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "3D displacement"

1

Hu, Jun, Jianwen Shi, Jihong Liu, Wanji Zheng, and Kang Zhu. "Calculating Co-Seismic Three-Dimensional Displacements from InSAR Observations with the Dislocation Model-Based Displacement Direction Constraint: Application to the 23 July 2020 Mw6.3 Nima Earthquake, China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184481.

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Анотація:
As one of the most prevailing geodetic tools, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique can accurately obtain co-seismic displacements, but is limited to the one-dimensional line-of-sight (LOS) measurement. It is therefore difficult to completely reveal the real three-dimensional (3D) surface displacements with InSAR. By employing azimuth displacement observations from pixel offset tracking (POT) and multiple aperture InSAR (MAI) techniques, 3D displacements of large-magnitude earthquakes can be obtained by integrating the ascending and descending data. However, this method cannot be used to accurately realize the 3D surface displacement measurements of small-magnitude earthquakes due to the low accuracies of the POT/MAI-derived azimuth displacement measurements. In this paper, an alternative method is proposed to calculate co-seismic 3D displacements from ascending and descending InSAR-LOS observations with the dislocation model-based displacement direction constraint. The main contribution lies in the two virtual observation equations that are obtained from the dislocation model-based forward-modeling 3D displacements, which are then combined with the ascending/descending InSAR observations to calculate the 3D displacements. The basis of the two virtual observation equations is that the directions of the 3D displacement vectors are very similar for real and model-based 3D displacements. In addition, the weighted least squares (WLS) method is employed to solve the final 3D displacements, which aims to consider and balance the possible errors in the InSAR observations as well as the dislocation model-based displacement direction constraint. A simulation experiment demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve more accurate 3D displacements compared with the existing methods. The co-seismic 3D displacements of the 2020 Nima earthquake are then accurately obtained by the proposed method. The results show that co-seismic displacements are dominated by the vertical displacement, the magnitude of the horizontal displacement is relatively small, and the overall displacement pattern fits well with the tensile rupture.
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2

Milosevic, Milos, Nenad Mitrovic, Vesna Miletić, Uroš Tatic, and Andrea Ezdenci. "Analysis of Composite Shrinkage Stresses on 3D Premolar Models with Different Cavity Design Using Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.202.

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Анотація:
Local polymerization stress occurs due to polymerization shrinkage of resin based composites adhesively bonded to tooth tissues. Shrinkage causes local displacements of cavity walls, with possible occurrence of micro-cracks in the enamel, dentin and/or material itself. In order to design a cavity for experimental testing of polymerization shrinkage of dental composites using 3D optical analysis, in this paper finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze numerical models with different cavity radiuses. 3D optical strain and displacement analysis of composite materials and cavity walls is limited by equipment sensitivity i.e. 0.01% for strain and 1 micron for displacement. This paper presents the development of 3D computer premolar models with varying cavity radiuses, and local stress, strain and displacement analysis using FEM. Model verification was performed by comparing obtained results with data from the scientific literature. Using the FEM analysis of local strains, displacements and stresses exerted on cavity walls, it was concluded that the model with 1 mm radius was optimal for experimental optical 3D displacement analysis.
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3

Lanovaz, Joel L., Siriporn Khumsap, and Hilary M. Clayton. "Quantification of three-dimensional skin displacement artefacts on the equine tibia and third metatarsus." Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 1, no. 2 (May 2004): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ecep200415.

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Анотація:
AbstractRoutine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third metatarsus were collected from three trotting subjects. The motion of the skin-based markers was extracted relative to the underlying bone motion tracked using the bone-fixed markers. The 3D skin displacement patterns for the skin-based markers were parameterized using a truncated Fourier series model. These displacements were expressed in terms of the local coordinate system for each bone. Skin displacement artefacts were observed in all three axes of each bone segment, with the largest displacements occurring at the proximal tibia. The mean skin displacement amplitudes in the tibia were 6.7%, 3.2% and 10.5% of segment length, and for the third metatarsus were 2.6%, 1.4% and 3.8% of segment length, for the craniocaudal, mediolateral and longitudinal segment axes, respectively. Skin displacement patterns could be expressed concisely using the Fourier series model. Displacements were also consistent between subjects, which should allow them to be used as a basis for developing a correction procedure for 3D tarsal joint kinematics.
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4

Li, Yiran, Dong Zhao, Xueyi Ma, Jianzhong Zhang, and Jian Zhao. "Panoramic Digital Image Correlation for 360-Deg Full-Field Displacement Measurement." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13032019.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
In full-field 3D displacement measurement, stereo digital image correlation (Stereo-DIC) has strong capabilities. However, as a result of difficulties with stereo camera calibration and surface merging, 360-deg panoramic displacement measurements remain a challenge. This paper proposes a panoramic displacement field measurement method in order to accurately measure the shape and panoramic displacement field of complex shaped objects with natural textures. The proposed method is based on the robust subset-based DIC algorithm and the well-known Zhang’s calibration method to reconstruct the 3D shape and estimate the full-field displacements of a complex surface from multi-view stereo camera pairs. The method is used in the determination of the scale factor of the 3D reconstructed surface and the stitching of multiple 3D reconstructed surfaces with the aid of the laser point cloud data of the object under test. Based on a discussion of the challenges faced by panoramic DIC, this paper details the proposed solution and describes the specific algorithms implemented. The paper tests the performance of the proposed method using an experimental system with a 360-deg six camera setup. The system was evaluated by measuring the rigid body motion of a cylindrical log sample with known 3D point cloud data. The results confirm that the proposed method is able to accurately measure the panoramic shape and full-field displacement of objects with complex morphologies.
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5

Hsu, Cheng Chih, Ju Yi Lee, C. C. Wu, and H. C. Shih. "3D Displacement Measurement with Pico-Meter Resolution Using Single Heterodyne Grating Interferometry." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.283.

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Анотація:
The precision positioning device becomes significant requirement in scientific instruments used for the applications of nanotechnology for a few decades. To achieve the high resolution positioning, the sensing methods of displacement sensor become more important in positioning device. In this paper, a novel method is presented for measuring both in-plane/out-plane displacements with the single heterodyne grating interferometry (HGI). We demonstrated the 1D, 2D, and 3D measurement results respectively and the smallest displacement can be detected was better than 6 pm. Furthermore, the nanometer resolution can be ensured within 20 µm displacement. Hence, the in-plane/out-plane measurements with single apparatus can be realized by our method and might be a displacement sensor using in the motorized stage with suitable opto-mechanics structure minimization.
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6

Daniel, S. E., A. Aref, C. Rabbani, R. Taylor, T. Campbell, F. Shamsa, and P. J. Chuba. "Three-dimensional visualization of stranded source migration following prostate brachytherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.79.

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Анотація:
79 Background: The use of radioactive seeds embedded in absorbable vicryl suture material has emerged as one preferred method for prostate cancer brachytherapy. However, it is unclear how strand displacement affects post-implant dosimetry. Our objective was to use CT imaging and 3D reconstruction to determine strand displacement between day zero and day 30 and to assess the dosimetric consequences of strand displacement. Methods: Between March 2006 and December 2009 there were 86 prostate brachytherapy patients with day zero and day 30 post-plan imaging. There was a mean of 18.24 strands per implant, 9.81 loose seeds per implant, and 69.08 total seeds per implant. Substantial strand displacement was identified by inspection. Migrated strands were identified on day zero and day 30 scans and the distance of displacement was measured using 3D fusion software. Results: Of 1550 strands placed, 23 were found to show substantial migration revealed by 3D imaging. These displacements occurred in 21 of the 86 cases. The estimated distance of strand displacement ranged from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm with an average movement of 1.5 cm. The exact distance of strand displacement ranged from 0.31 m to 3.44 cm, with mean movement of 2.75 cm. Conclusions: 3D imaging reveals unexpected spatial instability in stranded brachytherapy sources. Significant movement may be expected to occur in approximately 1.48% of stranded sources and 24.42% of cases. Factors which predict for the migration of sources remain relatively undefined. Minimal dosimetric effects from strand displacement appear to be offset by resolution of prostate edema. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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7

Wang, Yanqiang, Jun Zhao, Zhongqin Li, Mingjun Zhang, Yuchun Wang, Jialiang Liu, Jianxia Yang, and Zhihui Yang. "Retrieving and Verifying Three-Dimensional Surface Motion Displacement of Mountain Glacier from Sentinel-1 Imagery Using Optimized Method." Water 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131793.

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Анотація:
The time series study of glacier movement is of special importance for rational management of freshwater resources, studying glacier evolution, understanding mechanism of glacier movement, and assessing disasters caused by glacier movement. In this paper, we put forward an optimization scheme for the shortcomings in the calculation method of using remote sensing to invert the three-dimensional (3D) surface motion displacement of glacier. The optimized method consists of Offset Tracking method, Optimizing the offset tracking results by means of iterative filtering, OT-SBAS technology and Conversion of 3D surface motion displacement of glacier. The Urumqi Glacier No. 1 was selected to test the optimized method. The 3D surface motion displacement of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 was retrieved by using the optimized method based on the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 datasets from 19 April to 29 August 2018. The distribution of 3D surface velocity of the Urumqi Glacier No. 1 was obtained in time series, and the accuracy of the inversion results was evaluated by using the field measurement data. The results show that the accuracies of the inverted displacements of east branch of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG1E) were about 0.062, 0.063, and 0.152 m in the east, north and vertical directions, and these values for the west branch (UG1W) were 0.015, 0.020 and 0.026 m, respectively. It is indicated that using Sentinel-1 ascending and descending data and using the optimized method to retrieve the 3D surface motion displacement of glacier should satisfy the requirements of inversing the 3D surface motion displacement of high-latitude mountain glaciers in China.
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8

Wei, Gang, Jie Hong, and Xin Jiang Wei. "3D Analytical Solution of Soil Deformation Induced by Shield Tunnelling Construction." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1814.

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Анотація:
Three-dimensional (3D) analytical solution of soil deformation induced by ground loss in shield tunnelling construction was researched. It is put forward that the ground loss ratio is not a fixed value, but changes in driving direction. The calculation formula of ground loss ratio in driving direction was deduced. Based on two-dimensional (2D) analytical solution of uniform ground movement model of shield tunnelling, the three-dimensional analytical solution of ground deformation induced by ground loss is deduced. The settlement in vertical direction and the displacement in lateral horizontal direction at any point can be calculated; and the method is only applied to the construction phase. In analytical calculation: the predicted soil displacements are in good agreement with the measured values, and the method is easy to use; the closer the soil to tunnel is, the faster the lateral horizontal displacement changes; the extent of change of lateral horizontal displacement in longitudinal direction is smaller than displacement in lateral direction.
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9

FUJIGAKI, Motoharu. "3D Shape and Displacement Distribution Measurement." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 84, no. 1 (2015): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.84.90.

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10

Yang, Dong Quan, and Hong Peng. "Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Frame Structures under Large Displacement-Rotation Deformations." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5968.

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Анотація:
A finite element program for elasto-plastic analysis of 3D beams and frame structures under large displacement/rotations is developed. The element is Timoshenko beam element based on mechanics of continuum. Constitutive equations for large displacements/rotations in elastic stage are expressed in an explicit way which is suitable for programming. The modification of constitutive equation is presented for the analysis of elasto-plastic problems. A fiber model is adopted for the calculation of stiffness matrix and internal forces. For solution of nonlinear finite element equations, general displacement control method and semi-modified stiffness matrix method is adopted. The results of numerical experimentation show that the program work well for 3D beams and frame structures under elasto-plastic large displacement/rotations.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "3D displacement"

1

Cornille, Olivier. "Accurate 3D shape and displacement measurement using a scanning electron microscope." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0021.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Avec le développement actuel des nano-technologies, la demande en matière d'étude du comportement des matériaux à des échelles micro ou nanoscopique ne cesse d'augmenter. Pour la mesure de forme ou de déformations tridimensionnelles à ces échelles de grandeur, l'acquisition d'images à partir d'un Microscope électronique à Balayage (MEB) couplée à l'analyse par corrélation d'images numériques s'est avérée une technique intéressante. Cependant, un MEB est un outil conçu essentiellement pour de la visualisation et son utilisation pour des mesures tridimensionnelles précises pose un certain nombre de difficultés comme par exemple le calibrage du système et la correction des fortes distorsions (spatiales et temporelles) présentes dans les images. De plus, le MEB ne possède qu'un seul capteur et les informations tridimensionnelles souhaitées ne peuvent pas être obtenues par une approche classique de type stéréovision. Cependant, l'échantillon à analyser étant monté sur un support orientable, des images peuvent être acquises sous différents points de vue, ce qui permet une reconstruction tridimensionnelle en utilisant le principe de vidéogrammétrie pour retrouver à partir des seules images les mouvements inconnus du porte-échantillon. La thèse met l'accent sur la nouvelle technique de calibrage et de correction des distorsions développée car c'est une contribution majeure pour la précision de la mesure de forme et de déformations 3D aux échelles de grandeur étudiées. Elle prouve que, contrairement aux travaux précédents, la prise en compte de la dérive temporelle et des distorsions spatiales d'images est indispensable pour obtenir une précision de mesure suffisante. Les principes permettant la mesure de forme par vidéogrammétrie et le calcul de déformations 2D et 3D sont aussi présentés en détails. Enfin, et dans le but de valider nos travaux et démontrer en particulier la précision de mesure obtenue, des résultats expérimentaux issus de différentes applications sont présentés
With the current development of nano-technology, there exists an increasing demand for three-dimensional shape and deformation measurements at this reduced-length scale in the field of materials research. Images acquired by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) systems coupled with analysis by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is an interesting combination for development of a high magnification measurement system. However, a SEM is designed for visualization, not for metrological studies, and the application of DIC to the micro- or nano-scale with such a system faces the challenges of calibrating the imaging system and correcting the spatially-varying and time-varying distortions in order to obtain accurate measurements. Moreover, the SEM provides only a single sensor and recovering 3D information is not possible with the classical stereo-vision approach. But the specimen being mounted on the mobile SEM stage, images can be acquired from multiple viewpoints and 3D reconstruction is possible using the principle of videogrammetry for recovering the unknown rigid-body motions undergone by the specimen. The dissertation emphasizes the new calibration methodology that has been developed because it is a major contribution for the accuracy of 3D shape and deformation measurements at reduced-length scale. It proves that, unlike previous works, image drift and distortion must be taken into account if accurate measurements are to be made with such a system. Necessary background and required theoretical knowledge for the 3D shape measurement using videogrammetry and for in-plane and out-of-plane deformation measurement are presented in details as well. In order to validate our work and demonstrate in particular the obtained measurement accuracy, experimental results resulting from different applications are presented throughout the different chapters. At last, a software gathering different computer vision applications has been developed
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2

Cornille, Nicolas. "Accurate 3D Shape and Displacement Measurement using a Scanning Electron Microscope." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166423.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Avec le développement actuel des nano-technologies, la demande en matière d'étude du comportement des matériaux à des échelles micro ou nanoscopique ne cesse d'augmenter. Pour la mesure de forme ou de déformation tridimensionnelles à ces échelles de grandeur, l'acquisition d'images à partir d'un Microscope Électronique à Balayage (MEB) couplée à l'analyse par corrélation d'images numériques s'est avérée une technique intéressante. Cependant, un MEB est un outil conçu essentiellement pour de la visualisation et son utilisation pour des mesures tridimensionnelles précises pose un certain nombre de difficultés comme par exemple le calibrage du système et la correction des fortes distorsions (spatiales et temporelles) présentes dans les images. De plus, le MEB ne possède qu'un seul capteur et les informations tridimensionnelles souhaitées ne peuvent pas être obtenues par une approche classique de type stéréovision. Cependant, l'échantillon à analyser étant monté sur un support orientable, des images peuvent être acquises sous différents points de vue, ce qui permet une reconstruction tridimensionnelle en utilisant le principe de vidéogrammétrie pour retrouver à partir des seules images les mouvements inconnus du porte-échantillon.

La thèse met l'accent sur la nouvelle technique de calibrage et de correction des distorsions développée car c'est une contribution majeure pour la précision de la mesure de forme et de déformations 3D aux échelles de grandeur étudiées. Elle prouve que, contrairement aux travaux précédents, la prise en compte de la dérive temporelle et des distorsions spatiales d'images est indispensable pour obtenir une précision de mesure suffisante. Les principes permettant la mesure de forme par vidéogrammétrie et le calcul de déformations 2D et 3D sont aussi présentés en détails. Dans le but de valider nos travaux et démontrer en particulier la précision de mesure obtenue, des résultats expérimentaux issus de différentes applications sont présentés tout au long de la thèse. Enfin, un logiciel rassemblant différentes applications de vision par ordinateur a été developpé.
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3

Shao, Yanda. "Computer Vision-Based Three-dimensional (3D) Vibration Displacement Measurement for Civil Structures." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86762.

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Анотація:
This thesis proposes a novel computer vision-based target-free full-field 3D displacement measurement for civil engineering. Two cameras are combined as a binocular camera system to acquire the vibration video of civil structures. Some state-of-the-art methods including deep learning in the computer vision area are applied to realize target-free, full-field and tiny displacement measurements. A series of experimental tests and an in-field vibration test are conducted to validate the proposed vision measurement system.
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4

Lundgren, Mikael, and Ermin Hrkalovic. "Review of Displacement Mapping Techniques and Optimization." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4424.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This paper explores different bump mapping techniques and their implementation. Bump mapping is a technique that is used in computer games to make simple 3D objects look more detailed than what they really are. The technique involves using a texture to change the objects normals to simulate bumps and is used to avoid rendering high polygonal objects. Over the years some different techniques have been developed based on bump mapping, these are normal mapping, relief mapping, parallax occlusion mapping, quadtree displacement mapping and so on. The first part of this paper we go through our goals and our research methodology. We then write about four different techniques and describe how they work. We also go through how they are implemented. After that we start our experiments and measure the different techniques against each other. When the first testing has been done, we start to optimize the techniques and run a second test to see how much faster, if it is faster, the optimization is compared to the previous tests. When the tests are done, we present our test data and analyse them. Finally we discuss the techniques and the testing. Then we finish up with a conclusion.
Mikaels telefon: 072-181 77 29 Ermins telefon: 076-178 97 59
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5

Petersson, Tommy, and Marcus Lindeberg. "Performance aspects of layered displacement blending in real time applications." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3542.

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Анотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate performance aspects of layered displacement blending; a technique used to render realistic and transformable objects in real time rendering systems using the GPU. Layered displacement blending is done by blending layers of color maps and displacement maps together based on values stored in an influence map. In this thesis we construct a theoretical and practical model for layered displacement blending. The model is implemented in a test bed application to enable measuring of performance aspects. The implementation is fed input with variations in triangle count, number of subdivisions, texture size and number of layers. The execution time for these different combinations are recorded and analyzed. The recorded execution times reveal that the amount of layers associated with an object has no impact on performance. Further analysis reveals that layered displacement blending is heavily dependent on the triangle count in the input mesh. The results show that layered displacement blending is a viable option to representing transformable objects in real time applications with respect to performance. This thesis provides; a theoretical model for layered displacement blending, an implementation of the model using the GPU and measurements of that implementation.
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6

Mäkynen, A. (Anssi). "Position-sensitive devices and sensor systems for optical tracking and displacement sensing applications." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514257804.

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Анотація:
Abstract This thesis describes position-sensitive devices (PSDs) and optical sensor systems suitable for industrial tracking and displacement sensing applications. The main application areas of the proposed sensors include automatic pointing of a rangefinder beam and measuring the lateral displacement of an object. A conventional tracking sensor is composed of a laser illuminator, a misfocused quadrant detector (QD) receiver and a corner cube retroreflector (CCR) attached to the target. The angular displacement of a target from the receiver optical axis is detected by illuminating the target and determining the direction of the reflection using the QD receiver. The main contribution of the thesis is related to the modifications proposed for this conventional construction in order to make its performance sufficient for industrial applications that require a few millimetre to submillimetre accuracy. The work includes sensor optical construction modifications and the designing of new types of PSDs. The conventional QD-based sensor, although electrically very sensitive, is not considered optimal for industrial applications since its precision is severely hampered by atmospheric turbulence due to the misfocusing needed for its operation. Replacing the CCR with a sheet reflector is found to improve the precision of the conventional sensor construction in outdoor beam pointing applications, and is estimated to allow subcentimetre precision over distances of up to 100 m under most operating conditions. Submillimetre accuracy is achievable in close-range beam pointing applications using a small piece of sheet reflector, coaxial illumination and a focused QD receiver. Polarisation filtering is found to be effective in eliminating the main error contributor in close-range applications, which is low reflector background contrast, especially in cases when a sheet reflector has a specularly reflecting background. The tracking sensor construction is also proposed for measuring the aiming trajectory of a firearm in an outdoor environment. This time an order of magnitude improvement in precision is achieved by replacing the QD with a focused lateral effect photodiode (LEP). Use of this construction in cases of intermediate atmospheric turbulence allows a precision better than 1 cm to be achieved up to a distance of 300 m. A method based on averaging the positions of multiple reflectors is also proposed in order to improve the precision in turbulence-limited cases. Finally, various types of custom-designed PSDs utilising a photodetector array structure are presented for long-range displacement sensing applications. The goal was to be able to replace the noisy LEP with a low-noise PSD without compromising the low turbulence sensitivity achievable with the LEP. An order of magnitude improvement in incremental sensitivity is achievable with the proposed array PSDs.
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7

(unal), Kutlu Ozge. "Computational 3d Fracture Analysis In Axisymmetric Media." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609872/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
In this study finite element modeling of three dimensional elliptic and semielliptic cracks in a hollow cylinder is considered. Three dimensional crack and cylinder are modeled by using finite element analysis program ANSYS. The main objectives of this study are as follows. First, Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) codes are developed to facilitate modeling of different types of cracks in cylinders. Second, by using these codes the effect of some parameters of the problem like crack location, cylinder&rsquo
s radius to thickness ratio (R/t), the crack geometry ratio (a/c) and crack minor axis to cylinder thickness ratio (a/t) on stress intensity factors for surface and internal cracks are examined. Mechanical and thermal loading cases are considered. Displacement Correlation Technique (DCT) is used to obtain Stress Intensity Factors.
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8

Goy, Cristina. "Displacement Data Processing and FEM Model Calibration of a 3D-Printed Groin Vault Subjected to Shaking-Table Tests." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20061/.

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Анотація:
The present thesis is part of the wide work required by the SEBESMOVA3D (SEeismic BEhavior of Scaled MOdels of groin VAults made by 3D printers) project whose first motivation is the preservation of the cultural heritage in case of seismic events. Therefore, the main topic of the thesis is the analysis of the seismic response of scaled models of groin vaults, made of plastic 3D printed bricks filled with mortar, and subjected to shaking table tests performed at the EQUALS laboratory of the University of Bristol. The work has been developed on two parallel binaries: the processing of the displacement data acquired in situ and the calibration of a FEM model.
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9

Лисканич, Юрій Іванович, та Yuriy Lyskanych. "Дослідження 3D-моделі несучої системи фрезерного верстату". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/28040.

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Роботу виконано на кафедрі конструювання верстатів, інструментів та машин Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки УкраїниЗахист відбудеться 27 травня 2019 р. о 12.00 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №11 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56, навчальний корпус №4, ауд. 4-101.
У дипломній роботі розглянуті питання, які пов'язані з аналізом жорсткості несучої системи верстата, процесу механічної обробки деталі, дослідженням формоутворення та розробкою оптимальної конструкції несучої системи верстата за допомогою програмного забезпечення Autodesk Inventor, зокрема модуля генеративного дизайну. Виконано 3D моделювання корпусу (станини) фрезерного верстата. Виконано статичний та модальний аналіз корпусу верстата.
The thesis deals with issues related to the analysis of the rigidity of the framework system, the machining process of the part, the study of forming and the development of the optimal design of the framework system of the machine using the software Autodesk Inventor, in particular the module of generative design. The 3D modeling of the body (frame) of the milling machine is executed. Had performed a static and modal analysis of the machine's framework.
Вступ; Перший розділ «Аналітичний розділ»; Другий розділ «Оптимізація схем формоутворення на проектованому верстаті і оптимізація його компонувальної схеми»; Третій розділ «Вибір та обґрунтування вихідних даних на розробку верстатного обладнання. технологічний розрахунок»; Четвертий розділ «Проектування конструкції верстатного обладнання»; П'ятий розділ «Науково-дослідний розділ»; Шостий розділ «Спеціальний розділ (комп'ютерні розрахунки та автоматизоване проектування)»; Сьомий розділ «Обґрунтування економічної ефективності»; Восьмий розділ «Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях»; Дев’ятий розділ «Екологія»; Висновки
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10

Culaciati, Marianna. "Three-dimensional tooth displacement following orthodontic, orthognathic and restorative treatment: mathematical analysis and case study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12130.

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A single 3D virtual system in orthodontic-surgical and restorative patients has not been developed. The study aims were to evaluate: (1) the performance of a Cartesian coordinate system (CSYS) to measure translational and rotational tooth displacement, and (2) maxillary and mandibular tooth, occlusion and bone displacement with the CSYS and a lingual landmarks mathematical registration method. Eleven maxillary and mandibular dental models following an orthodontic surgical and restorative treatment sequence case were retrospectively collected. These were laser scanned and processed using reverse engineering computer aided design (CAD) technology to generate 3D models from which 6 paired models were evaluated. Phase one measured the errors in: (1) the correlation between CSYS – ABC landmarks (3 landmarks positioned on the anterior palate) selection and resulting tooth measurements, and (2) operator tooth landmark placement. Phase two: (1) used the maxillary and mandibular teeth landmarks to calculate the orthodontic, restorative and orthognathic translations and rotational displacement, (2) used additional registered landmarks on the lingual tori and mandibular teeth (when considered immobile) to isolate mandibular tooth displacement, and (3) calculated the inter-arch measurements. Relevant results indicated: (1) CSYS – ABC allocation mean translational deviation errors were small with 3D distance > anteroposterior > horizontal =vertical axes. Incisors were the least affected teeth, while molars the most affected. (2) Operator Landmarks selection error was negligible. (3) No statistical difference in tooth movement analysis for the mandible de-rotation methods was observed at the pre-surgical restorative stage. Customised CSYS and lingual landmarks of mandibular tori registration permits clinical orthodontic, restorative and orthognathic displacement measurement.
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Книги з теми "3D displacement"

1

Warner, H. R. “Hal.” The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781613994214.

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The first edition of The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding was published in 1970 and written by Forrest F. Craig, Jr. At the time of publication, much of the theory of oil displacement by water had been developed and many laboratory studies completed; however, the ability to perform computer modeling of 3D fluid flow in reservoirs with complex geologic depositions was in its infancy. In addition, several of the earliest, large-scale field applications of pattern waterflooding had begun, but long-term performance results were not yet known, and various infill drilling programs had yet to be implemented. This second edition reviews the fundamentals of waterflooding theory, and the experimental studies undertaken to understand the water displacement of oil in one, two, and three dimensions.
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Частини книг з теми "3D displacement"

1

Russo, Gianpiero, and Marco Valerio Nicotera. "3D Displacement Field Around a Deep Excavation." In Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics, 206–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64518-2_25.

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2

Tian, Xuhui, Xinran Lin, Fan Zhong, and Xueying Qin. "Large-Displacement 3D Object Tracking with Hybrid Non-local Optimization." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 627–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20047-2_36.

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3

Georgiev, Ivan, Johannes Kraus, and Svetozar Margenov. "Multilevel Preconditioning of Crouzeix-Raviart 3D Pure Displacement Elasticity Problems." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 100–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12535-5_10.

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4

Lee, S. R., Z. S. Luo, H. S. Chiou, B. G. Wang, and L. S. Liu. "A Study of the Deformation Measurement of 3D Displacement Field." In Key Engineering Materials, 313–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-977-6.313.

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5

Razavi, M., and B. Muhunthan. "Determination of 3D Displacement Fields between X-ray Computed Tomography Images Using 3D Cross-Correlation." In Advances in Computed Tomography for Geomaterials, 52–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557723.ch6.

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6

Schmitt, W., and T. Hollstein. "Numerical Evaluation of Crack Tip Opening Displacements: 2D and 3D Applications." In The Crack Tip Opening Displacement in Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics, 3–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82818-8_1.

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7

Tomita, Daiki, Yorinobu Murata, and Motoharu Fujigaki. "3D Displacement Distribution Measurement Using Sampling Moire Method with Multiple Cameras." In Emerging Challenges for Experimental Mechanics in Energy and Environmental Applications, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Experimental Mechanics and 9th Symposium on Optics in Industry (ISEM-SOI), 2015, 187–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28513-9_26.

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8

Yang, P., C. Delorenzo, X. Papademetris, and J. S. Duncan. "Physical Model Based Recovery of Displacement and Deformations from 3D Medical Images." In Handbook of Biomedical Imaging, 309–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09749-7_17.

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9

Hwang, Chi-Hung, Shou Hsueh Wang, and Wei-Chung Wang. "On the In-Plane Displacement Measurement by 3D Digital Image Correlation Method." In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Volume 3, 19–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63028-1_4.

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10

Hasselbach, M., and C. M. Butter. "Ipsilesional Displacement of Egocentric Midline in Neglect Patients with, but Not in Those Without, Extensive Right Parietal Damage." In Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space, 579–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_31.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "3D displacement"

1

Chen, Yu-Jen, Zong-Nan Shen, Ying-Chieh Chen, Chun-Fa Chang, Yung-Yu Chuang, and Jieh Hsiang. "Extensions to inverse displacement mapping." In I3D08: Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1342250.1357014.

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2

Byram, Brett, Veronica Rotemberg, and Gregg Trahey. "2D and 3D Bayesian displacement estimation." In 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2012.0636.

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3

Chao, Bi, Longxiang Bao, Liping Wang, and Jianguo Fang. "Study on precision optimization method for laser displacement sensors." In 3D Measurement Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing, edited by Wolfgang Osten, Anand K. Asundi, and Huijie Zhao. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2284399.

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4

Blaz, Nelu, Milica Kisic, Ljiljana Zivanov, and Mirjana Damnjanovic. "Displacement sensor fabricated by 3D additive manufacturing." In 2017 40th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2017.8000998.

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5

Røe, P., F. Georgsen, A. R. Syversveen, and O. Lia. "Fault Displacement Modelling Using 3D Vector Fields." In 12th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144968.

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6

Wu, X. P., and F. P. Chiang. "Sandwich Holospeckle Interferometry For 3D Displacement Determination." In 29th Annual Technical Symposium, edited by Henri H. Arsenault. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.949562.

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7

Zhou, Jian, Hong Zhao, Wenyi Chen, Feng Tian, and Yushan Tan. "Three-dimensional rigid body line displacement and 3D rigid body angle displacement measurements." In Photonics China '96, edited by Frederick Y. Wu and Shenghua Ye. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.253011.

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8

Zhehao, Yin, Yuan Yibao, and Liu Baoshuai. "Research on precise pneumatic-electric displacement sensor with large measurement range." In 3D Measurement Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing, edited by Wolfgang Osten, Anand K. Asundi, and Huijie Zhao. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2284930.

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9

Yuan, Yibao, Liu Baoshuai, and Zhehao Yin. "Research and design on orthogonal diffraction grating-based 3D nanometer displacement sensor." In 3D Measurement Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing, edited by Wolfgang Osten, Anand K. Asundi, and Huijie Zhao. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2285042.

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10

Pinheiro, Gomes, and Velho. "Interactive specification of 3D displacement vectors using arcball." In Proceedings Computer Graphics International CGI-99. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgi.1999.777915.

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Звіти організацій з теми "3D displacement"

1

Hattar, Khalid Mikhiel, and David Robinson. In-situ 3D characterization of He bubble and displacement damage in dense and nanoporous thin films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226424.

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2

Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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3

Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.

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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.
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Volunteer Kinematics and Reaction in Lateral Emergency Maneuver Tests. SAE International, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-22-0013.

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It is important to understand human kinematics and muscle activation patterns in emergency maneuvers for the design of safety systems and for the further development of human models. The objective of this study was to quantify kinematic behavior and muscle activation in simulated steering tests in several realistic conditions. In total 108 tests were performed with 10 volunteers undergoing purely lateral maneuvers at 5 m/s2 deceleration or simulated lane change maneuvers at 5 m/s2 peak acceleration and peak yaw velocity of 25 °/s. Test subjects were seated on a rigid seat and restrained by a 4-point belt with retractor. Driver subjects were instructed to be relaxed or braced and to hold the steering wheel while passenger subjects were instructed to put their hands on their thighs. Subjects were instrumented with photo markers that were tracked with 3D high-speed stereo cameras and with electromyography (EMG) electrodes on 8 muscles. Corridors of head displacement, pitch and roll and displacement of T1, shoulder, elbow, hand and knee were created representing mean response and standard deviation of all subjects. In lane change tests for the passenger configuration significant differences were observed in mean peak of head left lateral displacement between the relaxed and the braced volunteers, i.e. 171 mm (σ=58, n=21) versus 121 mm (σ=46, n=17), respectively. Sitting in a relaxed position led to significantly lower muscle activity of the neck muscles. It was concluded that significantly more upper body motion and lower muscle activity was observed for relaxed subjects than for braced subjects.
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5

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR A RELIABLE MODELLING OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOUR OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS IN STEEL LATTICE TOWERS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.6.

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The behaviour of bolted connections in steel lattice transmission line towers affects their load-bearing capacity and failure mode. Bolted connections are commonly modelled as pinned or fixed joints, but their behaviour lies between these two extremes and evolves in a nonlinear manner. Accordingly, an accurate finite element modelling of the structural response of complete steel lattice towers requires the consideration of various nonlinear phenomena involved in bolted connexions, such as bolt slippage. In this study, a practical method is proposed for the modelling of the nonlinear response of steel lattice tower connections involving one or multiple bolts. First, the local load-deformation behaviour of single-bolt lap connections is evaluated analytically depending on various geometric and material parameters and construction details. Then, the predicted nonlinear behaviour for a given configuration serves as an input to a 2D/3D numerical model of the entire assembly of plates in which the bolted joints are represented as discrete elements. For comparison purposes, an extensive experimental study comprising forty-four tests were conducted on steel plates assembled with one or two bolts. This approach is also extended to simulate the behaviour of assemblies including four bolts and the obtained results are checked against experimental datasets from the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed method can predict accurately the response of a variety of multi-bolt connections. A potential application of the strategy developed in this paper could be in the numerical modelling of full-scale steel lattice towers, particularly for a reliable estimation of the displacements.
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