Статті в журналах з теми "378.02:372.8"

AbstractThe ternary indide Nd39Ir10.98In36.02 was synthesized by arc-melting and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Nd39Ir10.98In36.02 crystallizes with a new structure type: Pearson code oP172, Pbam, a = 3175.4(6), b = 3762.5(8), c = 378.02(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0828, 5544 F2 values, and 262 variables. Although the structure contains 44 crystallographically independent sites, it can easily be explained as an intergrowth structure of CsCl and AlB2 related slabs. The larger indium atoms fill all distorted CsCl slabs. The trigonal prismatic (AlB2) slabs have no uniform size. The larger ones are filled by indium and the smaller ones by the iridium atoms. Additionally, one trigonal prism shows a mixed occupancy by indium and iridium. The crystal chemistry of Nd39Ir10.98In36.02 is discussed in the context of other intergrowth structures with the same simple slabs.

In the present work, polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by solution casting. The effects of rice husk silica (RHS) on the surface properties of the PSf/Polyethylene glycol (PEG) membrane were observed and investigated. Characterizations were conducted to determine the membrane cross-section area and RHS distribution. The structure of RHS and morphology of membrane were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD pattern showed that the amorphous silica was produced from rice husk ash (RHA). The analysis of SEM indicates that the addition of RHS obviously changed the microstructure of the membrane especially at top layer and sub layer.

High-performance fine-grain (1-x)BiScO3-xPbTiO3 ceramics were prepared by two-step sintering method. Influences of sintering temperature, holding time, and composition on the microstructure and properties were discussed. The BSPT ceramics obtained via two-step sintering reaches density higher than 95% at a low temperature of 800°C without any sintering aid, and the grain size of the ceramics is also effectively controlled. Excellent piezoelectric properties between the composition of x=0.63 and x=0.64 reveals a probable MPB in this range, suggesting a potential approach to pursue high performance BSPT ceramics.

An investigations on nutrient analysis of soil under the different agro-climatic zones of Kashmir and Ladakhviz Temperate (Pattan, Baramulla),Sub temperate(Gurez,Bandipora) and Cold Arid(Kargil,Ladakh) was carried out during 2012 and 2013.The studies revealed that soils were alkaline in their reaction with slightly higher pH (8.2) recorded at Kargil followed by Pattan (7.9) and Gurez (7.6). Electrical conductivity was highest (0.23dSm-1) at Pattan and least at Kargil (0.08dSm-1). Pattan soils were richer in organic carbon with an average value of 1.02%. Varied results were obtained with respect to available soil nitrogen, the highest being recorded at Pattan with an average value of 372.8 kg ha-1 Gurez recorded251.5 kg ha-1 and Kargil 184.9 kg ha-1. Pattan recorded maximum (22.45 kg ha-1) soil available phosphorus while the sulphur was recorded highest (53.40 kg ha-1) at Kargil.Among the three agro-climatic zones, (187.30 kg ha-1), exchangeable calcium (17.56 centimole) and exchangeable magnesium (5.54 centimole).

Abstract Nano-sized lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)@ titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles with a core–shell structure has been successfully synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. LaB6@TiO2 particles were used as filler in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) matrix and performance of the TiO2 shell was evaluated. The core–shell nanoparticles were characterized for morphology and structure properties. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope testing results confirm the formation of LaB6–TiO2 core–shell structure. In composite film, LaB6 improved the thermo-decomposing temperature of PVB matrix from 369.2 to 372.8°C, while the same amount of LaB6@TiO2 further increased the temperature to 381.0°C. In addition, TiO2 shell redshifted the maximum transmittance of the film from 605 to 669 nm in the visible region. In the near infrared region, its absorption peak shifted from 1,466 to 1,476 nm. This result will be helpful for the development of transparent and thermal insulating materials.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely accepted as a causative agent of cervical cancer. The distribution and prevalence of HPV types depend on geographic region and demographic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of various HPV types and the outcome of cytological examination. Cervical smears were obtained from 125 women from southern Poland: low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) - 44, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) - 12, cervical carcinoma - 27 and 42 women without abnormality in cytology as a control group. DNA was extracted from the smears and broad-spectrum HPV DNA amplification and genotyping was performed with the SPF 10 primer set and reverse hybridisation line probe assay (INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping, Innogenetics). HPV DNA was detected in approximately 72% cases, more frequently in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical carcinoma than in the control group (P < 0.0005). The most frequent type found was HPV 16 (37%), followed by HPV 51 (28%) and HPV 52 (17%). A single HPV type was detected in 51% positive cases, more frequently in cervical cancer specimens. Multiple HPV infection was dominant in women with LSIL and normal cytology. Prevalence of HPV 16 increased with the severity of cervical smear abnormality. For women HPV 16 positive, the relative risk (odds ratio) of the occurrence of HSIL and cervical cancer versus LSIL was 14.4 (95% CI, 3.0-69.2; P=0.001) and 49.4 (95% CI, 6.5-372.8; P < 0.001), respectively. Genotyping of HPV will allow better classification of women with cervical abnormalities into different risk groups and could be useful in therapy.

Background The authors hypothesized that mouth ventilation by a resuscitator via the nasal route ensures a more patent airway and more effective ventilation than does ventilation via the oral route and therefore would be the optimal manner to ventilate adult patients in emergencies, such as during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. They tested the hypothesis by comparing the effectiveness of mouth-to-nose breathing (MNB) and mouth-to-mouth breathing (MMB) in anesthetized, apneic, adult subjects without muscle paralysis. Methods Twenty subjects under general anesthesia randomly received MMB and MNB with their heads placed first in a neutral position and then an extended position. A single operator performed MNB and MMB at the target breathing rate of 10 breaths/min, inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:2 and peak inspiratory airway pressure 24 cm H₂O. A plethysmograph was used to measure the amplitude change during MMB and MNB. The inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes during MMB and MNB were calculated retrospectively using the calibration curve. Results All data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges). The rates of effective ventilation (expired volume &gt; estimated anatomic dead space) during MNB and MMB were 91.1% (42.4-100%) and 43.1% (42.5-100%) (P &lt; 0.001), and expired tidal volume with MMB 130.5 ml (44.0-372.8 ml) was significantly lower than with MNB 324.5 ml (140.8-509.0 ml), regardless of the head position (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Direct mouth ventilation delivered exclusively via the nose is significantly more effective than that delivered via the mouth in anesthetized, apneic adult subjects without muscle paralysis. Additional studies are needed to establish whether using this breathing technique during emergency situations will improve patient outcomes.

Abstract A case-control study of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (diagnosed before age 50) in twins was conducted to determine if cases and their unaffected identical twins demonstrated dominance of Th1, Th2 or regulatory cytokines compared to unrelated controls. We collected blood specimens from sets of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma cases (n=60), their unaffected identical twins (n=60) and unrelated controls (n=60) and measured IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 levels in PHA-stimulated PBMC supernatant by ELISA. IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 promoter polymorphisms were determined using PCR and either Taqman or Pyrosequencing. Mean levels of cytokines were compared using an analysis of covariance and genotypes were compared using multivariate logistic regression (SAS). Both cases and their unaffected twins had higher levels of IL-8, but lower levels of IL-12, compared to controls. Unaffected twins of cases had IL-6 levels that were 86% higher than those of controls (p=0.02), however cases’ levels were lower than controls (altered by treatment). Cases and their twins were three times more likely to have an IL-6 genotype associated with higher levels and 2.6 times more likely to have an IL-12 genotype associated with lower levels, compared to controls (Table 2). There were no significant differences in IL-10 levels or genotypes between cases and controls. A genetically determined skewing toward increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and decreased Th1 cytokines (IL-12) is associated with increased susceptibility to young adult Hodgkin lymphoma. Table 1. Mean and % Difference in Cytokine Levels in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cases, their Unaffected Identical Twins, and Controls Hodgkin Lymphoma Case v. Control Unaffected Twin of Case v. Control Cytokine Mean Diff (pg/ml) % Diff P-Value Mean Diff (pg/ml) % Diff P-Value IL6 −43.2 −8.7 0.75 +372.8 +83.6 0.04 IL8 +1978.7 +42.9 0.36 +1342.3 +61.9 0.26 IL10 −3.9 −3.0 0.85 −25.6 −20.4 0.20 IL12 −1.2 −54.8 0.01 −0.7 −32.0 0.27 Table 2. Cytokine Genotype and Risk of Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma in Cases v. Controls Cytokine Gene SNP Genotype Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval *reference genotype IL6 −174 G&gt;C GG v. CC* 3.12 1.03–9.44 IL12 +1188 A&gt;C CC v. AA* 2.59 1.03–6.55

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p> To estimate the budget impact from the incorporation of positron emission tomography (PET) in mediastinal and distant staging of non-small cell lung cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p> The estimates were calculated by the epidemiological method for years 2014 to 2018. Nation-wide data were used about the incidence; data on distribution of the disease´s prevalence and on the technologies’ accuracy were from the literature; data regarding involved costs were taken from a micro-costing study and from Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) database. Two strategies for using PET were analyzed: the offer to all newly-diagnosed patients, and the restricted offer to the ones who had negative results in previous computed tomography (CT) exams. Univariate and extreme scenarios sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence from sources of uncertainties in the parameters used.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p> The incorporation of PET-CT in SUS would imply the need for additional resources of 158.1 BRL (98.2 USD) million for the restricted offer and 202.7 BRL (125.9 USD) million for the inclusive offer in five years, with a difference of 44.6 BRL (27.7 USD) million between the two offer strategies within that period. In absolute terms, the total budget impact from its incorporation in SUS, in five years, would be 555 BRL (345 USD) and 600 BRL (372.8 USD) million, respectively. The costs from the PET-CT procedure were the most influential parameter in the results. In the most optimistic scenario, the additional budget impact would be reduced to 86.9 BRL (54 USD) and 103.8 BRL (64.5 USD) million, considering PET-CT for negative CT and PET-CT for all, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p> The incorporation of PET in the clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer seems to be financially feasible considering the high budget of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The potential reduction in the number of unnecessary surgeries may cause the available resources to be more efficiently allocated.</p></sec>

Abstract Abstract 1360 Introduction: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib is used as the first-line therapy for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, some patients fail to respond or become intolerant to imatinib. Nilotinib is a second-generation TKI with higher selectivity and more potent inhibitory effects on BCR-ABL than imatinib. Several studies have shown hematologic and cytogenetic responses to nilotinib in patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant CML. Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of nilotinib for patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant, chronic (CP)- or accelerated (AP)-phase CML from the East Japan CML Study Group (EJCML) trial by evaluating molecular responses in terms of the BCR-ABL1 mutational status and plasma trough concentration of nilotinib. Methods: In this multicenter phase II clinical trial, nilotinib (400 mg bid) was administered orally for one year and the molecular responses were monitored by means of the international scale of quantitative PCR (IS-PCR). BCR-ABL1 mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing at the baseline and 12 months or at the time of the event for discontinuation of the treatment (i.e., progressive disease, insufficient effects, or severe adverse events). The plasma trough concentration of nilotinib was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography 3 months after nilotinib administration. Results: From March 2009 through February 2011, 51 patients were registered in this study, and data of 49 patients whose molecular responses were evaluated by the IS-PCR were analyzed (imatinib-resistant CML = 33, imatinib-intolerant CML = 16; CP CML = 46, AP CML = 3). The median follow-up period was 12.0 months (range = 0.1–13.3 months). At 6 and 12 months, the major molecular response (MMR; ≤0.1% IS) rates were 52.5% and 67.6%, respectively, and the complete cytogenetic response (CCyR)-equivalent (≤1.0% IS) rates were 75.0% and 85.3%, respectively. Five types of BCR-ABL1 mutations (M244V, F317L, N358D, F359V, and E459K) were detected in 6 patients (12.2%) at the baseline, but the M244V, N358D, and E459K mutations disappeared after the nilotinib treatment. Acquired BCR-ABL1 mutations (Y253H, I418V, and exon 8/9 35bp insertion) were detected in 3 patients (8.6%) at 12 months or at the time of the event; these patients did not achieve a CCyR or an MMR. No patients showed an acquired mutation of T315I. Most patients except 11 subjects (22.4%) still received the treatment. The reasons for discontinuation were progressive disease in one patient with an F317L mutation, insufficient effects in one patient without any mutation, and adverse events in 9 patients (thrombocytopenia in 5 patients, hyperbilirubinemia in 2 patients, headache in one patient, and heart disease in one patient). Among 30 patients without BCR-ABL1 mutations, the plasma trough concentration of nilotinib was significantly higher in 21 patients with an MMR than in those without an MMR by 12 months (median = 1255.1 ng/mL vs. 372.8 ng/mL, P = 0.0012 by Mann–Whitney U-test; see the figure). The concentration of 761 ng/mL was significantly associated with an MMR by 12 months in a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the best sensitivity (76.2%) and specificity (77.8%). Conclusion: The patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant, CP or AP CML, even those having BCR-ABL1 mutations M244V, N358D, and E459K, achieved an MMR by 12 months of nilotinib treatment. The plasma trough concentration of the drug was related to the MMR by 12 months, and the plasma threshold of nilotinib should be set above 761 ng/mL. These findings suggest that nilotinib shows good efficacy and tolerability in Japanese patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant, CP or AP CML. (ClicalTrials.gov, UMIN ID 000002201) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background:The need for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment for better outcomes is widely accepted. Is that goal being achieved in real-life settings?Objectives:To evaluate changes in the delay to RA diagnosis and treatment, and in the proportions of patients being treated early along the last decades in Brazil.Methods:This study was drawn from the REAL cohort, designed to assess RA management under real-life conditions. Patients ≥ 18 years old attending public hospitals in Brazil and meeting RA classification criteria were included. Subjects were stratified according to the year their symptoms began. Delays from symptoms onset to RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Early RA diagnosis and treatment was assessed using three different cut points: ≤3, ≤6 and ≤12 months of symptoms onset. Mann-Kendall’s trend test, chi-square tests, Welch’s ANOVA and Games-Howell’s post-hoc tests were used to test hypotheses, at 0.05 significance level.Results:1116 RA patients were included; 89.4% female; 56.8% white; mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in the delay to RA diagnosis (tau = -0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = -0.695, p < 0.001) from 1990 to 2015 (Figures 1 and 2). The year of symptoms onset was associated with the frequency of early treatment for all defined cut points: ≤3 months (χ2= 11.25, p = 0.001), ≤6 months (χ2= 34.84, p < 0.001), and ≤12 months (χ2= 64.79, p<0.001). The more recent the year of symptoms onset, the higher the proportions of individuals treated early (Table 1). Groups stratified according to successive periods of symptoms onset differed in the mean delay to RA treatment [F(5, 372.8) = 41.9; p < 0.001]. Patients with symptoms initiated more recently (2011-2015) had significantly lower delays compared to all other groups. Nonetheless, only 36.3% of these patients with more recent disease started treatment within 6 months of symptoms onset, and 17.2% within 3 months.Table 1.Proportions of individuals with RA receiving the first DMARD within different time intervals from symptoms onset, according to the year their symptoms began.Symptoms beginning (year)Interval from symptoms onset to first DMARDN≤ 3 months≤ 6 months≤ 12 months≤ 1990 8.5%14.9%33.3%1411991 – 1995 5.3%15.8%34.7% 951996 – 200012.3%24.7%44.5%1462001 – 200511.5%26.3%49.8%2172006 – 201017.2%38.9%61.1%2392011 – 201517.2%36.3%72.0%157Figure 1.Rheumatoid arthritis diagnostic delay according to the year of symptoms beginning, from 1990 to 2015 in BrazilFigure 2.Rheumatoid arthritis treatment delay according to the year of symptoms beginning, from 1990 to 2015 in Brazil.Conclusion:Delays to RA diagnosis and treatment have decreased, and more patients have been treated within defined windows for early RA management in the last decades in Brazil. Despite all improvements, it was still difficult to attain early RA treatment. Additional efforts are warranted in pursuit of that goal.Disclosure of Interests:Cleandro Albuquerque Grant/research support from: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Consultant of: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received personal fees and/or non-financial support from Pfizer, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Novartis and UCB, Ana Paula Gomides Consultant of: Abvvie, Ana Beatriz Vargas-Santos Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for international medical events from AbbVie and Janssen, Claiton Brenol: None declared, Ivanio Pereira Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie and Janssen, Karina Bonfiglioli Consultant of: Roche, Abbvie, Pfizer, Janssen and BMS, Manoel Bertolo Grant/research support from: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has participated in clinical and/or experimental studies related to this work and sponsored by Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie and Pfizer, Maria Fernanda Guimarães: None declared, Maria Sauma: None declared, Paulo Louzada Jr Grant/research support from: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Has received supporting for internationals congresses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB and consulting fees from Pfizer, Rina Giorgi Grant/research support from: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Consultant of: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting fees, speaking fees and supporting for internationals congresses from Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Eli-Lilly, AbbVie, Abbott and EMS, Sebastião Radominsky Grant/research support from: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Paid instructor for: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Speakers bureau: Has received consulting and speaking fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Licia Mota Grant/research support from: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Speakers bureau: Has received personal or institutional support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer and Roche; has delivered speeches at events related to this work and sponsored by AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche and UCB., Geraldo Castelar Grant/research support from:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Consultant of:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Paid instructor for:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, Speakers bureau:: Has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxosmithkline, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche

Introduction: Daily physical inactivity is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the target level of daily physical activity is remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity on long-term vascular events in patients with mild ischemic stroke. Methods: We designed prospective observational study and enrolled 142 ischemic stroke patients with modified Rankin Scale 0-1 (mean age: 63.9±9.2). We measured daily step count as a variable of daily physical activity after 6-month from stroke onset. Other clinical characteristics including age, body mass index, blood pressure, blood labo test, carotid echo findings and medications were also assessed. The primary outcome was hospitalization due to stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and peripheral artery disease. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and hazard ratios for recurrence were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: After 1130.2±372.8 days of follow-up, 29 vascular events (19 stroke recurrence, 10 coronary heart disease) occurred, and the patients were divided into two groups: survival (n=113) and recurrenct (n=29). Daily step counts ( P =0.003) and plaque score ( P <0.001) were significantly lower in the recurrent group than survival group. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed daily step counts and plaque score to be independent predictors of new vascular events. A daily step counts cutoff value of 6000 steps per day was determined by the analysis of receiver-operating characteristics with sensitivity 69.4% and specificity 79.4%. Kaplan-Meier survival curves after log-rank test showed significantly lower event rate in over 6000 steps group as compared to less than 6000 steps group ( P =0.023). Conclusion: In conclusion, our data indicate that daily physical activity evaluated by step counts may be useful for forecasting prognosis in patients with mild ischemic stroke. Daily step counts of 6000 steps may be a first target level to reduce new vascular events.

AbstractThe aim of this present clinical pilot study is the display of typical perfusion results in patients with solid, non-cystic breast lesions. The lesions were characterized using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with (i) time intensity curve analyses (TIC) and (ii) parametric color maps. The 24 asymptomatic patients included were genetically tested for having an elevated risk for breast cancer. At a center of early detection of familial ovary and breast cancer, those patients received annual MRI and grey-scale ultrasound. If lesions remained unclear or appeared even suspicious, those patients also received CEUS. CEUS was performed after intravenous application of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles. Digital DICOM cine loops were continuously stored for one minute in PACS (picture archiving and communication system). Perfusion images and TIC analyses were calculated off-line with external perfusion software (VueBox). The lesion diameter ranged between 7 and 15 mm (mean 11 ± 3 mm). Five hypoechoic irregular lesions were scars, 6 lesions were benign and 12 lesions were highly suspicious for breast cancer with irregular enhancement at the margins and a partial wash out. In those 12 cases, histopathology confirmed breast cancer. All the suspicious lesions were correctly identified visually. For the perfusion analysis only Peak Enhancement (PE) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) added more information for correctly identifying the lesions. Typical for benign lesions is a prolonged contrast agent enhancement with lower PE and prolonged wash out, while scars are characterized typically by a reduced enhancement in the center. No differences (p = 0.428) were found in PE in the center of benign lesions (64.2 ± 28.9 dB), malignant lesions (88.1 ± 93.6 dB) and a scar (40.0 ± 17.0 dB). No significant differences (p = 0.174) were found for PE values at the margin of benign lesions (96.4 ± 144.9 dB), malignant lesions (54.3 ± 86.2 dB) or scar tissue (203.8 ± 218.9 dB). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in PE of the surrounding tissue when comparing benign lesions (33.6 ± 25.2 dB) to malignant lesions (15.7 ± 36.3 dB) and scars (277.2 ± 199.9 dB). No differences (p = 0.821) were found in AUC in the center of benign lesions (391.3 ± 213.7), malignant lesions (314.7 ± 643.9) and a scar (213.1 ± 124.5). No differences (p = 0.601) were found in AUC values of the margin of benign lesions (313.3 ± 372.8), malignant lesions (272.6 ± 566.4) or scar tissue (695.0 ± 360.6). Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in AUC of the surrounding tissue for benign lesions (151.7 ± 127.8), malignant lesions (177.9 ± 1345.6) and scars (1091 ± 693.3). There were no differences in perfusion evaluation for mean transit time (mTT), rise time (RT) and time to peak (TTP) when comparing the center to the margins and the surrounding tissue. The CEUS perfusion parameters PE and AUC allow a very good assessment of the risk of malignant breast lesions and thus a downgrading of BI-RADS 4 lesions. The use of the external perfusion software (VueBox, Bracco, Milan, Italy) did not lead to any further improvement in the diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions and does appears not to have any additional diagnostic value in breast lesions.

Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. is an ornamental shrub and widely cultivated in southern China (Nana et al. 2017). In April 2020, leaf blight symptoms were observed on the leaves of M. coco in the Chengdu campus of Sichuan Agricultural University (30°42′19.92″N, 103°51′30.61″E, 493 m) where didn’t have great protection, with roughly 70% leaves per plant were diseased. The initial symptoms presented on the leaf apex, which was manifested as dark brown spots surrounded with obvious yellowish halo (Fig. 1). As the disease progressed, spots gradually enlarged and coalesced covering the leaf, and severe infection finally caused leaf necrosis and plant decline. Four specimens from different diseased plants were used for pathogen isolation and morphological observation. Four fungal isolates were obtained from four specimens, following Chomnunti et al. (2014). Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium were initially white and then light brown to dark brown. Pycnidia measured 284-427 × 326-554 μm (x=372.8 μm × 476.1 μm, n=20), and were brownish-black to black, broadly globose to irregular. The pycnidial wall measured 16-27 μm wide (n=20) and was composed of hyaline to brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores were absent, and the conidiogenous cells are pear-shaped, colorless, and smooth. Conidia measured 5-8 × 4-6 μm (x=6.5 μm × 4.6 μm, n=50), and were elliptical or subglobose, thick-walled, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, brown. These asexual structures were similar to Nothophoma quercina (Syd. & P. Syd.) Qian Chen & L. Cai described by Chen et al. (2017). The genomic DNA of representative isolate SICAUCC 21-0011 was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II large subunit 2 (RPB2), and beta-tubulin (TUB2) regions were amplified using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4, LR0R/LR5, FRPB2-5F/FRPB2-7cR, and T1/BT4R, respectively. The accession numbers deposited in GenBank were MW541930 (ITS), MW541934 (LSU), MW883395 (RPB2), and MW883394 (TUB2). Nucleotide BLAST showed high homology with the sequences of N. quercina, viz. GU237900 (ITS, 485/486, 99.79%), EU754127 (LSU, 862/862, 100%), KT389657 (RPB2, 593/596, 99.49%), and GU237609 (TUB2, 333/335, 99.40%). Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined dataset showed 100% bootstrap support values in a clade with N. quercina complexes (Fig. 2). Four healthy potted plants (2-years-old) with 15 to 20 leaves per plant were sprayed with conidial suspension (105 conidia/mL) prepared from 4-week-old cultures of SICAUCC 21-0011, which incubated on PDA at 25℃, onto the wounded sites via pin-prick inoculation described by Desai et al. (2019). Another four plants were sprayed with sterilely distilled water as controls. Inoculated plants were cultured in a growth chamber (25℃, 95% relative humidity, and 12-h photoperiod). About 30 days later, brown spots were found on the inoculated leaves, which were similar to those observed in the field. There were no symptoms on the control plants, and the pathogen was re-isolated from the diseased leaves and characterized morphologically. N. quercina has been reported on Photinia × fraseri Dress, Aucuba japonica, Malus micromalus, and Chaenomeles sinensis (Mohamed et al. 2019, Lv et al. 2020, Zou et al. 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on M. coco caused by N. quercina. M. coco is one of the important ornaments in the courtyard, street, and park in China, and the risk of this pathogen needs further exploration and effective control measures should be made. Qian Zeng, Yicong Lv, and Xinyue Li contributed equally to this work.