Добірка наукової літератури з теми "338.174 98"

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver problem worldwide with disease spectrum ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Objective: To delineate the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with incidentally detected NAFLD. Materials and Methods: In this observational study subjects without overt liver disease having sonological evidence of fatty liver underwent thorough physical examinations including anthropometric measurements and investigated for blood glucose level, lipid profile and liver function status. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) /alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and BMI and diabetes (BARD) score were computed to assess hepatic fibrosis status non-invasively. Results: Out of 407 final participants, 213 were male and 194 were female. Mean age of the patients was 42.05±10.54 (range 21-71 years). Mean body mass index (BMI) of the subjects was 26.92±3.75Kg/m2. Visceral obesity as measured by abdominal circumference and waist-hip-ratio were found increased in 333(81.81%) and 336(82.5%) subjects respectively. Obesity (BMI > 25 mg/m2), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were present in 68.8%, 48.2%, 36.4%, and 87.5% patients respectively. Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride were found increased in 47.7% (n=194), 83.05% (n=338), 42.8%(n=174) and 80.59%(n= 328) NAFLD patients respectively. Elevated AST and ALT levels were found in 98 (24.1%) and 233 (57.0%) patients, respectively. AST/ALT ratio >1 and BARD score >2 were found in 27.5% (n=112) and 29.2% (n=119) patients respectively. Conclusion: In Bangladesh incidentally detected NAFLD patients are predominantly middle aged and obese. MS and hypertriglyceridaemia are highly prevalent among them. Around one fourth of them have evidence of advanced fibrosis non-invasively. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 4-9

Abstract Introduction: Myelofibrosis (MF), whether primary (PMF) or secondary (SMF) to polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytemia, is characterized by a complex and partially undeciphered molecular architecture. Besides mutations in driver genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL), somatic mutations in selected myeloid-associated genes have been shown to impact prognosis of MF patients (pts). Among these, ASXL1 mutations (ASXL1MTs) are associated with poor outcomes in myeloid malignancies including PMF, where they are included in the category of "high molecular risk" (HMR) mutations along with EZH2MTs, IDH1/2MTs, and SRSF2MTs (Vannucchi AM, Leukemia 2013). However, a recent study (Luque Paz D, Blood Adv 2021) questioned the value of ASXL1MTs in MF. The current study aimed at further characterizing the prognostic role of ASXL1MTs in MF. Methods: After IRB approval, pts with WHO-defined MF were included in the study. Mutational analysis by targeted NGS was performed as previously described (Guglielmelli P, JCO 2017). All deposited variants were manually curated to assess pathogenicity. In this study, we also used the molecular model proposed by Luque Paz et al. that identifies 4 genetic groups: TP53MT; High-risk (≥1 mutation in EZH2, CBL, U2AF1, SRSF2, IDH1/2); ASXL1MT-only; and "Others". Results: A total of 525 pts were included in the study, including 331 (63%) PMF and 194 (37%) SMF. Median age at diagnosis was 89 (18-90) years, 314 (60%) were male. The median follow-up time was 80 (98% CI, 68-90) months. Overall, 324 (62%) pts were JAK2MT, 126 (24%) CALRMT, 24 (5%) MPLMT, 40 (8%) triple negative (TN), and 11 (2%) double mutated. Among non-driver genes, ASXL1MTs were found in 158 (30%) pts, EZH2MTs in 45 (9%), SRSF2MTs in 37 (7%), NRASMTs in 30 (6%) U2AF1MTs in 27 (5%), TP53MTs and CBLMTs in 25 (5%) each, IDH1/2 MTs in 18 (3%), and KRAS MTs in 15 (3%). Pts in the HMR category were 125 (38%) in PMF and 63 (32%) in SMF. According to the above model, distribution of pts was as follows: TP53MT n=25 (5%), High-risk n=137 (26%), ASXL1MT-only n=64 (12%), and Others n=299 (57%). Pts in the TP53MT and ASXL1MT-only groups were more likely to be diagnosed with SMF compared to pts in the High-risk and Others groups (44% and 48% vs 28% and 38%, respectively). In addition, the High-risk group was enriched in TN pts (16%), while CALRMTs were more common in the ASXL1MT-only and Others compared to the TP53MT and High-risk groups (25% and 27% vs 12% and 18%, respectively). In univariate analysis, the TP53MT and High-risk groups were associated with the worst overall survival (OS), with median values of 38 (14-110) and 55 (45-85) months (P=.0039), respectively (Fig 1A). Albeit remarkably better, the OS of pts in the ASXL1MT-only group was inferior compared to pts in the Others group (median 124 [91-156] vs 193 [142-NR] months; P=.0118) (Fig 1A). We then analyzed separately PMF and SMF cohorts. In the former, the TP53MT and High-risk groups remained associated with the worst OS (median 58 [20-126] vs 55 [36-85] months), although with no significant difference, likely due to the low frequency (4%) of TP53MTs mutations in PMF (Fig 1B). Concurrently, the negative prognostic impact of the ASXL1MT-only group was confirmed in comparison to the Others group (median 103 [78-NR] vs 320 [178-NR] months; P=.0170). In pts with SMF, while the TP53MT group (6%) had by far the worst OS (median 13 [6-NR] months), the OS of the ASXL1MT-only group (median 141 [56-171] months) was comparable to that of the Others group (median 131 [106-NR] months; P=.5188) and not different from the High-risk group (median 58 [45-174] months; P=.3606) (Fig 1C). In a further analysis including only pts in the High-risk group, ASXL1MTs were found in 62% and 63% of patients with PMF and SMF, respectively. In survival analysis, the presence of ASXL1MTs was associated with an increased risk of death only in PMF (median OS 47 [31-73] vs 102 [34-317] months; P=.0240), unlike in SMF (median OS 90 [47-174] vs 25 [16-338] months; P=.3296) (Fig 1D-E). Conclusion: In the current study, we critically re-addressed the prognostic impact of ASXL1MTs by applying a genetic model recently developed by Luque Paz et al. to our cohort of molecularly annotated, WHO-defined MF pts. Overall, our results confirm that ASXL1MTs -even in the absence of other co-occurring high-risk mutations- harbor a negative prognostic impact mainly in PMF. These findings also reinforce the idea that PMF and SMF represent two different biological entities. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Vannucchi: Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

The paper discusses the results of a kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of MS-8P, TN-98, and TN-600 aviation oils under conditions of continuous heating at a constant rate of 5 K/min to a temperature of 1 073 K. An integral method was used to describe the reaction mechanism and determine the macrokinetic parameters. It has been established that, from a phenomenological point of view, the average reaction of aviation oils conversion under the experimental conditions corresponds to the reaction model described by the surface-limited reaction equation (MS-8P), the power law (TN-98) and the model described by the three-dimensional diffusion-limited reaction equation (TN-600). When dividing the averaged reaction into two reactions (the first is completed at a temperature of 550–600 K, the second at a temperature of 638–655 K), it is determined that the first reaction is described by the reaction equation of the 2nd order (MS-8P), the first order (TN-98) and the reaction equation of one-dimensional diffusion (TN-600), and the second the reaction equation of the first order (three types of oil). The activation energy of the first reaction was 99 kJ/mol (MS-8P), 145.6 kJ/mol (TN-98) and 57.4 kJ/mol (TN-600), the value of the pre-exponential factor was – 144 241 567 min–1 (MS-8P), 62 161 395 942 min–1 (TN-98) and 236.16 min–1 (TN600). The activation energy of the second reaction is 160 kJ/mol (MS-8P), 91.6 kJ/mol (TN-98) and 127.1 kJ/mol (TN-600), the pre-exponential factor is 8.81 ‧ 1011 min–1 (MS-8P), 1.26 ‧ 104 min–1 (TN-98) and 2.04 ‧ 108 min–1 (TN-600). It is shown that the use of these values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor leads to agreement between the calculated values of the degree of decomposition of the studied oil samples and the experimental ones in the range of values of the degree of decomposition from 0 to 1.

Common carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase), mowed at 3.8 or 7.6 cm and fertilized with at least 98 kg·ha–1 N, maintained acceptable lawngrass quality during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Cumulative vegetative growth (CVG) quality and coverage were increased in mowed plots fertilized with 98, 147, or 196 kg·ha–1 N. Unsightly seedheads were a problem in nonmowed plots 3 weeks after the start of the experiment, but did not appear in the mowed plots. Our results indicate that mowing common carpetgrass at 3.8 or 7.6 cm and fertilizing with 98, 147, or 196 kg·ha–1 N will provide acceptable turfgrass quality.

Background:Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is a rare disease with a prevalence of around 3 in 1,000,000 children. To better capture the clinical manifestations of jSSc the juvenile systemic sclerosis inception cohort (jSScC) has been prospectively enrolling patients with predetermined clinical variables over the past 12 years. One of the goals is to study the demographic, clinical features, and physician and patient reported outcome differences between those with juvenile limited cutaneous (lc) compared to diffuse cutaneous (dc) disease subtypes, to determine if characteristics are similar or different between dc and lc jSSc.Objectives:Evaluation of the baseline clinical characteristics of jSSc patients in the jSScC. Compare clinical phenotype between diffuse (dcjSSc) and limited cutaneous (lcjSSc) subtypes.Methods:Demographic, physical examination, organ system evaluation, autoantibody profile, treatment, and patient and physician reported outcome variables were evaluated from the jSSc Inception cohort and summary statistics applied using chi-square test and Mann Whitney U-test comparing lcjSSc and dcjSSc subtypes.Results:At the time of data extraction, 175 jSSc patients were enrolled in the cohort, 81% were Caucasian and 81% female. Diffuse cutaneous jSSc subtype predominated (73%). Mean disease duration was 3.1 year (±2.7). Mean age at Raynaud´s was 10 years (+3.8) and mean age of first non-Raynaud´s was 10.2 years (±3.8). Significant differences were found between dcjSSc versus lcjSSc, regarding several clinical characteristics. Patients with diffuse cutaneous subtype had significantly higher modified Rodnan skin score (p=0.001), presence of sclerodactyly (p=0.02), presence of Gottron’s papules (p=0.003), presence of telangiectasia (p=0.001), history of digital tip ulceration (p=0.01), and frequency of elevated CK value (p=0.04). Cardiac involvement was significantly higher in limited cutaneous jSSc subtype (p=0.02). Diffuse cutaneous jSSc patients had significantly worse scores for Physician Global Assessment of disease activity (38 vs 25; p=0.002) and disease damage (34 vs 19; p=0.008).Table 1.Comparison of demographic data and significant differences between dcjSSc and lcjSSc at time of inclusionWhole CohortN=175Diffuse SubtypeN=128Limited SubtypeN=47P valueFemale to Male Ratio4.3:1 (142/33)4.1:1 (103/25)4.8:1 (39/8)0.829Cutaneous subtypeDiffuse subtype73% (128)1280Limited subtype27% (47)047Mean Disease duration (years)3.1 (± 2.7)3.3 (± 2.9)2.6 (± 2.2)0.135Mean age of onset of Raynaud´s (years)10.0 (± 3.8)17 non-Raynaud9.8 (± 3.6)10 non-Raynaud10.6 (± 4.3)7 non-Raynaud0.219Mean age of onset of non-Raynaud´s (years)10.2 (± 3.9)10.0 (± 3.7)10.9 (± 4.3)0.173Disease modifying drugs88% (154)89% (114)85% (40)0.446CutaneousMean modified Rodnan skin score14.3 (0-51)17.4 (0-51)6.1 (0-24)0.001Gottron Papules27% (46/171)33% (41/124)11% (5)0.003Sclerodactyly78% (126/162)82% (98/119)65% (28/43)0.020Laboratory valuesElevated CK25% (30/122)30% (26/88)12% (4/34)0.041VascularTelangiectasia36% (56/154)44% (49/111)16% (7/43)0.001History of ulceration53% (91/173)61% (77/127)30% (14/46)0.001CardiacCardiac Involvement6% (10)2% (3)15% (7)0.002Patient Related OutcomesPhysician global disease activity(0-100) min -max35(0-90) n=14138(0-90) n=10825(0-80) n=330.002Physician global disease damage(0-100) min -max31(0-85) n=14034(0-85) n=10819(0-60) n=320.008Conclusion:Results from this large international cohort of jSSc patients demonstrate significant differences between dcjSSc and lcjSSc patients. According to the general organ involvement and physician global scores, the dcjSSc patients had significantly more severe disease. These observations strengthen our previous findings of the unique organ pattern of pediatric patients.Supported by the “Joachim Herz Stiftung”Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Abstract Abstract 4281 Introduction: Several retrospective, cohort studies have demonstrated that leukapheresis (WBC depletion) treatment in patients (pts) with acute leukemia and concurrent hyperleukocytosis and blast crisis decreases short-term mortality rate, but does not increase overall survival. However, pts selected in these studies for leukapheresis treatment are often sicker and have a higher underlying mortality rate (than pts who do not receive such treatment). No randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of leukapheresis in this subset of pts with acute leukemia have been performed. Methods and Clinical Presentation: Between January, 2006 and June, 2010, Apheresis Care Group (ACG) treated 1,636 pts performing 13,587 therapeutic apheresis treatments (txs). Of this patient cohort, 126 (7.7%) pts had acute leukemia with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of blast crisis and received leukapheresis treatment. 77 pts had acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and received 174 leukapheresis txs; 49 pts had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and received 158 txs. AML pts presented with median WBC 204 × 109/L (range 66–418 × 109/L) and 87% pts had blast crisis (defined as blast percent >75% or blast count >100 × 109/L). Median age was 54 years (6.5–85 years); 61% pts were male. Of CNS or pulmonary symptoms (sxs) of leukostasis (CNS sxs defined as: headache, lethargy, confusion, or visual abnormalities; pulmonary sxs defined as: shortness of breath, hypoxia, or chest x-ray infiltrates without evidence of pneumonia), 13% pts had no sxs, 52% pts had 1 sx, and 35% pts had 2 sxs. ALL pts presented with median WBC 338 × 109/L (104–736 × 109/L) and 82% pts had blast crisis. Median age was 22 years (4–80 years); 64% pts were male. Of sxs of leukostasis, 25% pts had no sxs, 63% pts had 1 sx, and 12% pts had 2 sxs. Treatment: All pts received a course of leukapheresis (Lp) with the following objectives: 1) decreasing the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications related to leukostasis, and 2) stabilizing pts for induction chemotherapy. WBC treatment goals were defined as: WBC count (ct) <55 × 109/L for AML pts, and WBC ct <80 × 109/L for ALL pts. AML pts received a median of 2 Lp txs (range 1–5 txs); ALL pts underwent a median of 2 Lp txs (1–7 txs). Results: Outcomes were evaluated by the percentage of pts who: 1) reached the WBC treatment goal and, 2) received induction chemotherapy. “Improved” outcome was defined as pts who reached their WBC treatment goal during leukapheresis therapy; “stabilized” was defined as pts who achieved >50% reduction in WBC ct, but did not reach their WBC goal; and “unchanged” was defined as pts who achieved neither. In the AML cohort, 76% pts improved, 23% pts stabilized, and 1% pts were unchanged. In the ALL cohort, 63% pts improved, 34% pts stabilized, and 3% pts were unchanged. For AML pts, the median final WBC ct was 53 × 109/L (range 17–133 × 109/L) and 92% pts received induction chemotherapy. For ALL pts, the median final WBC ct was 76 × 109/L (range 30–294 × 109/L) and 98% pts received induction chemotherapy. 7 (9%) AML pts and 1 (1%) ALL pt expired within 1–4 days after completing course of leukapheresis. Of the 8 expired pts, 75% had both blast crisis and 2 sxs of leukostasis; 38% had intracranial hemorrhage or CVA; and 88% were hypotensive, receiving mechanical ventilation, and unable to tolerate induction chemotherapy. Conclusion: Carefully selected patients with acute leukemia and evidence of impending thrombosis may benefit significantly from leukapheresis therapy. A limited number of treatments (median of 2 treatments) can enable a high percentage of patients to receive induction chemotherapy and may improve short-term clinical outcomes. Leukapheresis treatments are considered emergency procedures as they are often life saving. Disclosures: Hofmann: Fresenius Medical Care: Consultancy. Kiprov:Fresenius Medical Care: Employment.

Penelitian ini termasuk deskriptif kualitatif dengan menganalisis data dari 328 responden dari tiga perguruan tinggi (PT) di Yogyakarta. Dengan menggali data survey dalam survey/survey menggunakan mixed survey. Data dalam survei ini berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil survei ini menjelaskan nilai pendidikan antikorupsi. Kepribadian: Dari 328 siswa yang disurvei yang menganggap nilai kejujuran itu penting, mereka sering melakukannya. Jumlah tanggapan 171 (52,1%), nilai tanggung jawab 162 responden (49,4%), nilai kasih sayang 114 (36,7%), nilai sederhana 98 responden (29,9%), nilai disiplin 75 responden (22,9%), nilai ketekunan 72 responden (22%), 68 responden dengan nilai independen (20,7%). ), Nilai wajar 66 responden (20,1%) dan nilai keberanian 64 responden (19,9%). Nilai-nilai kepribadian tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi tiga aspek: inti, etos kerja, dan sikap yang menghasilkan etika anti korupsi dalam profesionalisme berintegritas.

The results of the study of inbred lines of corn on the basis of economically valuable features, such as: growing season, productivity, moisture yield. To distribute our maize material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots-full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator-grain moisture at harvest as a percentage, it allowed to distribute two groups: early-maturing – (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate the material under study in detail. In 2020, the growing season in the early-maturing group of lines was within 104.0 days, which is almost five days less in 2019. This trend was also observed for the group of middle-early lines. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2019. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied lines of different maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of corn lines of different maturity groups, to determine the variability of grain moisture of hybrids in different periods of grain maturation. 2019 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (46.0 mm) in September 2019. Lines that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as Um 337 and VIR 44. The group of the most productive included lines Um 337, Um 331, F7 and line MAN 053, which were ahead. The following year, Mind 337 and Mind 331 as a whole confirmed their positions, while F7 and MAN 053 yielded significantly lower yields.

Background: A plethora of data supports HPV-based screening to be the preferred strategy for cervical cancer prevention. The shift to a more sensitive first-line test brings the need of effective triage up for discussion. Currently, most algorithms apply cytology as a triage of HPV-DNA positive women. This study compared the performance of a 7-type HPV-mRNA test to cytology. Methods: From 1 January 2019 until 31 December 2021, cervical samples from 58,029 women were examined at the University Hospital of North Norway. A total of 30.5% (17,684/58,029) fulfilled the criteria for HPV-DNA primary screening. All positive samples were triaged by cytology and followed-up according to national guidelines through 2022. Additionally, a 7-type HPV-mRNA test was applied. The study endpoint was a histologically confirmed high-grade lesion (CIN2+). Results: A total of 5.6% (990/17,684) had positive HPV-DNA test, 97.2% (962/990) with valid HPV-mRNA results. A total of 55.5% (534/962) had abnormal cytology (ASC-US+), and 35.1% (338/962) had a positive HPV-mRNA test. A total of 13.9% (134/962) had CIN2+. The sensitivity (CIN2+) of cytology versus the HPV-mRNA test was 76.1% (102/134) versus 73.1% (98/134), p = 0.67. The specificity was 47.8% (396/828) versus 71.0% (588/624), p < 0.001. PPV was 19.1% (102/534) and 29.0% (98/338), p < 0.001, respectively. The number of colposcopies per CIN2+ detected by cytology and HPV-mRNA test was 5.2 and 3.1. Conclusion: The 7-type HPV mRNA test was significantly more specific than cervical cytology in a triage of HPV-DNA positive women. Using this biomarker as the threshold for colposcopy may better balance the benefits and harms of screening.

A study was undertaken on oil-protein content and their relation with yield and evaluation of resistance for aerial blight and frog eye leaf spot diseases in soybean during kharif (July−December, 2019) at J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out using augmented block design with 154 genotypes of soybean including four check varieties namely JS 20-34, JS 20-98, JS 335 and NRC 86. Per cent disease severity was measured at peak of disease during seed formation stage (R5-R6). Yield and 100 seed weight were recorded at time of harvesting. Oil and protein content from harvested yield was estimated by using standard methods of association of official analytical chemists (AOAC). The results revealed that oil content varied from 16.8−20.2% and protein content from 36.1−41.2% in all 154 genotypes. Per plant average seed yield (3.9-15.1 g) and hundred seed weight (6.7−14.7 g) were also varied from genotypes to genotypes. The correlation between oil and protein was highly negative (r=-0.620**, p=0.01). This investigation identified ten genotypes with high oil (>20%) and fourteen genotypes with high protein (>40%) content. Among which JS 20-104, Cat 473B and RKS 24 were higher in protein, and Cat 48, Cat 330 and JS 20−69 were higher in oil content. In disease evaluation, eleven genotypes namely Cat 473B, Cat 60, Cat 642, JS 20−76, JSM 122, JSM 126A, JSM 126B, JSM 203, JSM 287, RKS 66 and SQL 89 exhibited dual resistance for aerial blight as well as frog eye leaf spot were screened out. The result showed that variation in oil-protein content and disease resistance depends on the genotype.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soils threats human wellbeing and ecological health because of their toxicity and bioaccumulation. This research presents a portable Olympus Delta Premium 6000 Series XRF Analyser (Olympus, USA) as a rapid measurement tool (RMT) for PTEs: Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn in contaminated soils in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total of 45 crude oil-contaminated soils were collected from three genuinely oil spill sites. The range of measured PTEs concentrations (mg/kg) in the study sites are as follows: Site 1: chromium (Cr) 54–75, copper (Cu) 5.4–16.6, iron (Fe) 14,841–23,404, lead (Pb) 13.5–21.4, manganese (Mn) 158–555, and zinc (Zn) 32.6–47.2; Site 2: (35–66), (5–16.1), (10166–20,967), (12–17.8), (209–440), (17.6–33.6); and Site 3: (32–115), (6.5–20.8), (7538–22,800), (12–135), (98–338), (19.9–177). The trend of PTEs across the three sites follows the same order: Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu. The average concentration values of PTEs in all the 3 sites were higher than background concentration values. Thus, crude oil spill spiked the PTEs concentrations. XRF spectroscopy is recommended as a cost-effective and RMT for PTEs in soils.

Bones from the inhumation graves in Świbie were very poorly preserved. The skeletal fragments analysed were significantly eroded. The poor state of preservation of the skeletons is most likely due to the environmental changes taking place in the area occupied by the necropolis and the unfavourable post-depositional conditions prevailing there. Osteological materials have been preserved in only about 33% of the graves. Anthropological analyses were carried out on bones identified in 220 graves: 100 skeletal, 93 cremations, and 27 bi-ritual graves. A total of 242 individuals have been identified, of which 114 were inhumed and 128 cremated. The presence of more than one individual was observed in 21 burials (excluding burials where bones were lost: 1+?), with three graves: 33, 211, and 427 containing remains of three individuals. Estimating the sex was possible in 62 cases (25.6%), and due to the very poor condition of bones of inhumed individuals, this was more often possible for individuals from cremation graves (26.6%) than from inhumation graves (24.6%). For 33 individuals, tomographic examinations were also undertaken to determine sex based on the LA method. Age at death assigned to a single age category was determined for 98 individuals (40.5%): 32 (28.1%) from inhumation graves and 66 (51.6%) from cremation graves. In addition, 83 individuals (34.3%) were classified into the general age categories of “infans” – 8 individuals (3.3%): four each from cremation and inhumation graves; and “adult” – 75 specimens (30.9%): 50 (43.9%) from inhumation graves and 25 (19.5%) from cremation graves. For 34 individuals out of the 35 examined, a precise age determination was obtained using the TCA method. Based on the data obtained from the constructed mortality tables, the life expectancy of a newborn (e0) was approximately 21 years, or within a range of 13.05–14.27 years after estimating the missing number of deceased children (d0-14.9). According to the data thus compiled, inhumed individuals had slightly higher life expectancy parameters (e0=22.03 years, after d0-14.9 estimation: 13.89–15.06 years) compared to individuals from cremation graves (e0=19.79 years, after d0-14.9 estimation: 12.60–13.84 years). Individuals of reproductive age (e20) lived to 28 years on average. The average age of death for adult individuals was 28.27 years (28.52 years for inhumed individuals and 28.16 years for cremated individuals). Almost 70% of the population survived to this age, but only 2.3% reached an age above 40 years. The structure of the living population calculated based on the Cx parameter suggests a relatively stable nature of the community using the cemetery, with the structure of inhumed individuals corresponding to a developing population and the structure of cremated individuals to a stabilised one. Children were more than twice as likely to be cremated, particularly those in the Infans I age category (chi2=4.7635, df.=1, p=0.021809). No such trend was observed among adults, although the data collected suggest that individuals from the Adultus category were inhumed less frequently. For individuals from cremation graves, the total bone mass was determined along with the weight of the distinguished bone fractions. The weight distribution of individual specimens ranged from 0.22 g to 2123.82 g (X=294.35 g; Me=81.46 g; SD=419.739 g) with the most numerous range from 0 to 100 g. Paleopathology was found in a total of 33 individuals (13.6%). Most of the conditions identified were related to nutritional deficiencies and manifested as linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), interglobular dentin (IGD), cribra orbitalia and hyperostosis porotica. Degenerative lesions (osteophytes, eburnation of the radius head, metatarsal bones fusion), probable changes from respiratory diseases (SES), non-specific diseases (periostitis), diseases of unknown aetiology (HFI), and congenital diseases (Klippel-Feil syndrome) were also found. In addition, the presence of epigenetic traits were observed in three individuals.

The determination of ‘ultra’-fast fracture strengths of five silicon nitride ceramics at elevated temperatures has been made by using constant stress-rate (“dynamic fatigue”) testing with a series of ‘ultra’-fast test rates. The test materials included four monolithic and one SiC whisker-reinforced composite silicon nitrides. Of the five test materials, four silicon nitrides exhibited the elevated-temperature strengths that approached their respective room-temperature strengths at an ‘ultra’-fast test rate of 33 × 104 MPa/s. This implies that slow crack growth responsible for elevated-temperature failure can be eliminated or minimized by using the ‘ultra’-fast test rate. These ongoing experimental results have shed light on laying a theoretical and practical foundation on the concept and definition of elevated-temperature “inert” strength behavior of advanced ceramics.

A reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is assumed to be subjected to pressurized thermal shocks (PTSs) as a result of the emergency cooling water injected during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The cooling flow is not homogeneous but typically in a plume shape (stripe cooling) flowing from the cold leg through the inlet nozzles. This paper aims to analyze the non-uniform cooling effect on the RPV integrity. In this paper, both deterministic and probabilistic methods are used to analyze the integrity of a model RPV subjected to PTS. RELAP5, GRS-MIX, CFD and other semi-analytical methods are used to analyze the transient with and without considering plume cooling effect. Finite element method (FEM), extended finite element method (XFEM) and weight function method are used to calculate KI of the postulated cracks. The FAVOR code is used to calculate the conditional probabilities for crack initiation and failure of the RPV considering different crack distributions. KI based on CFD input is the highest, followed by that based on reference transient, GRS-MIX and RELAP5. Peak KI of the cracks inside the plume increases about 33% compared with that outside. According to the maximum criteria, the maximum allowed RTNDT are 56.9 °C, 90.2 °C, 98 °C, 115.7 °C and 136.2 °C for the crack in the nozzle region based on CFD transient, the cracks in the ring region based on the CFD, reference data, GRS-MIX and RELAP5 calculated transient, respectively. These values are 36 °C, 68.5 °C, 73 °C, 81 °C and 104 °C according to the tangent criteria. The conditional probability inside the plume is more than nine orders of magnitude higher than outside the plume. Considering plume cooling effects increases the total failure frequency by 1–2 orders of magnitude. In order to be conservative, it is necessary to consider the plume effect in the integrity assessment.

Abstract Introduction Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of death among gynecological cancers in Indian women. Ovarian cancer is heterogeneous, among them, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common. Primary cytoreductive surgery along with six to eight cycles of a combination of platinum and taxanes chemotherapy is the cornerstone of first-line treatment in EOC. This study was done to find clinicopathological factors affecting survival outcomes with first-line therapy in EOC in a real-world setting. Objectives This study was aimed to find factors affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with first-line treatment in EOC. Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study. We screened all the patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer from January 2015 till December 2019. We locked data in August 2019. Eligible patients were histologically confirmed EOC who underwent primary cytoreduction or received more than or equal to two cycles of chemotherapy or both. Patients who had received first-line treatment at another hospital were excluded. Results Patients demographics and clinical characteristics: between January 5, 2015 to August 31, 2019, 435 patients with a diagnosis of ovarian malignancy were registered at our center. Among them, 406 (82%) had EOC, 290 (64%) newly diagnosed, and fulfilling eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis. The median age of the cohort was 53 years (range: 21–89 years) and 157 patients (54%) were >50 years of age (the Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group Performance status was ≥ 2 in 124 patients [43%]; median duration of symptoms was 3 months; and stage III/IV: 240 [83%]). Grading of the tumor was available in 240 patients of which 219 (91%) were of high grade. Subtyping was available in 272 patients (94%) of which the serous subtype was the most common constituting 228 patients (79%).Treatment Most patients received chemotherapy (n = 283 [98%]) as the first modality of treatment (neoadjuvant/adjuvant and palliative). As neoadjuvant (NACT) in 130 patients (45%) and as adjuvant following surgery in 81 patients (29%). The most common chemotherapy regimen was a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel in 256 patients (88%). Among 290 patients 218 (75%) underwent cytoreductive surgery. Among them, optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 108 patients (52%). Optimal cytoreduction rate (OCR) with upfront surgery and after NACT was 44 and 53%, respectively (Chi-square test: 0.86; p = 0.35).Survival The median follow-up of the study was 17 months (range: 10–28 months) and it was 20 months (range: 12–35 months) for patients who were alive. At last, follow-up, 149 patients (51%) had progressed and 109 (38%) died. The estimated median PFS and OS were 19 months (95% CI: 16.1–21.0) and 39 months (95% CI: 29.0–48.8), respectively. On multivariate analysis, primary surgery (HR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.06–0.21; p-value: <0.001) and early-stage disease (HR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.6; p-value 0.04) were associated with superior PFS and primary surgery (HR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.09–0.2; p-value: <0.001) was associated with superior OS. Conclusion Primary surgery (upfront or interval) was associated with improved survival. Newer agents like bevacizumab, poly-ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors and HIPEC should be incorporated precisely into first line of therapy to improve outcomes.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) shares vessel position information for navigational safety purposes. AIS broadcasts are received by other ships and terrestrial stations; however, in some areas there is no, or low, terrestrial station coverage to receive broadcasts. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed an Online Travel Time Atlas (OTTA) to process AIS data and derive a transit count. This study examined OTTA output from 2020 and 2021 to identify areas of high or low AIS coverage along the Upper Mississippi, Illinois, and Ohio Rivers. Segments with a yearly average of two or more transit per day were classified as high coverage, those with less than a yearly average of two transits per day were classified as low coverage. Rivers were segmented using the USACE National Channel Framework reach boundaries. Results based on calculated vessel transits were as follows: Upper Mississippi River: 837.4 miles (98%) had high coverage, with 17.4 miles (2%) of low coverage; Illinois River: 190.5 miles (59%) had high AIS coverage, and 133 miles (41%) had low AIS coverage; Ohio River: 644 miles (66%) had high coverage, and 337 miles (34%) had low coverage. AIS coverage could be improved by raising antennae heights, installing repeater equipment, or adding towers.

Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.