Дисертації з теми "200A GeV"
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1
Manna, Sanjib Kumar. "Non-statistical fluctuation of singly charged particles produced in 16O-Ag/Br interaction at 200A Ge V/c." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4761.
Повний текст джерела
2
Schmedes, Sven. "Sustainable design of sports stadiums : case study analysis of stadiums for the Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney, 2004 in Athens and 2008 in Beijing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/71864/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sports stadiums have a considerable impact on the urban, environmental and social context. In particular, where several new stadiums are built within the same city for a single mega-event like the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or Soccer World Cup the implications are significantly higher. Therefore the requirements for operation of each stadium after the mega-event are of great importance to ensure sustainable integration into the urban, environmental and social context as well as maximized utilization on a long-term basis. In the first part of this thesis a review of the subject is presented. A brief history of the development of stadium design in the Olympic context, evolving requirements for staging Olympic Summer Games, the structure of organizations involved, existing literature research and certification methods are summarized. In the second part the methodology and development of the bespoke research tool based on existing certification systems such as BREEAM, LEED and DGNB is described. Subsequently, case studies for three different stadium types (Olympic Stadium, Indoor Stadium and Football Stadium) used for the Olympic Summer Games in Sydney (2000), Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008) are analysed based on literature research, field surveys and interviews. The comparative assessment of each stadium type is conducted with an evaluation matrix in three denominations: urban category, environmental category and social category. In each category two indicators with two respective parameters are evaluated based on a five-point score system. Subsequently the general applicability of the research tool is verified with an example appraisal of Wembley Stadium which was used for the Olympic Summer Games in London (2012). Conclusions are drawn in the third part of the thesis, separately for each of the three denominations urban category, environmental category and social category. In the urban category sports stadiums built on a site previously used for sports venues or adjacent to other existing venues are rated significantly higher, because existing sites are already integrated into the urban context and located in proximity to the city centre as well as other mixed-use areas resulting in synergy effects with extended catchment areas and good connectivity. In the environmental category sports stadiums are rated higher if specific requirements for operation of the sports stadium after the Olympic Games are already considered in the design to ensure maximised adaptability and flexibility. Dismantle of the overlay (tailor-made structures/installations required for staging the event) after the Olympic Games reduces energy consumption in subsequent operation. Overlay designed for permanent usage or reuse at a different venue further increases the level of sustainability. Usage of energy efficient systems with power generation and water conservation preserves resources. In the social category sports stadiums are rated higher if a balanced proportion of sport usage and other usages is achieved. The long-term utilization of a sports stadium correlates with the level of urban integration, urban context, building type and usage mix. Sports stadiums utilized by more than one home team and integration of other usages (e.g. retail, commercial, recreation, etc.) achieve a significantly higher level of utilization. The last chapter summarizes recommendations for stadium design in the Olympic context. To ensure a long-term utilization of each sports stadium after the Olympic Games it is suggested that applicant/candidate cities carry out comprehensive feasibility studies in collaboration with an operator to develop a bespoke project brief and business plan for operation of each venue at bidding stage. In order to enhance the existing knowledge base it is further recommended to collect and compare operational data (e.g. water, energy consumption etc.) from the different venues of the hosting cities to allow an independent assessment of the level of sustainability during long-term operation. Additional data to verify indicators relating to design efficiency such as average construction area per seat as well as dead loads of spectator stands and roof structures should be compared for establishment of benchmarks to verify the efficiency of the structural elements for an even more sustainable design of sports stadiums.
3
Preutz, Erik. "Är det praktiskt med en god organisationsteori? : vilket mervärde ger organisationsteoretiska resonemang vid en analys av försvarsmaktens ledningsorganisation?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syftet med uppsatsen var att klarlägga om Högkvarterets arbetssätt och organisation medgeratt Försvarsmakten kan ledas i enlighet med sin ledningsfilosofi. Uppsatsen svarade påföljande huvudfrågeställning; Vilket mervärde ger det att använda olikaorganisationsteoretiska resonemang och perspektiv vid en studie av Försvarsmaktensledningsorganisation? Den Högkvartersorganisation som studerades var HKV 03, fokus lågpå central nivå och det var materialet Högkvarteret använde för att kommunicera sinledningsfilosofi, organisation och arbetssätt till övriga i organisationen som användes somkällor. Den teoretiska ramen utgjordes främsta av Bolman & Deals nya framgångsfaktoreroch Ashkenas fyra perspektiv att studera organisationer på. I uppsatsen användes en kvalitativmetod med en kombination av induktiv och deduktiv ansats och ett hermeneutisktförhållningssätt. Först analyserades Försvarsmaktens ledningsfilosofi och Högkvarteretsarbetssätt var för sig, därefter jämfördes resultaten som gav följande svara på uppsatsenshuvudfråga;• Det ger en större förståelse för hur arbetet fungerar och vilka effekter olika typer avförändringar kommer att få. Vilket i förlängningen kan ge förutsättningar till att få enmer dynamisk och levande organisation som kan leverera det som uppdragsgivarnaefterfrågar.The aim of this essay was to clarify whether the management andorganization of the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters permit theArmed Forces to be led accordingly to its management theory. The essaygave answer to the following main question; What added value does itbring to use different organizational theoretical reasoning and perspectivein a study of the management of the Armed Forces? The Headquarterorganization HKV 03 was the object of study with focus on the centrallevel. It was the material used by the Headquarters to communicate itsmanagement philosophy, organization and management to others withinthe organization that was used as sources. The theoretical framework wasmainly Bolman & Deal’s new criteria for success and Ashkenas’ fourperspectives on how to study organizations. The method was qualitativewith a combination of an inductive and a deductive attempt and ahermeneutic approach. The management philosophy of the Armed Forcesand the management of the Headquarters were separately analysed. Afterthat followed the compared results, which led to the subsequent answer;• It brought greater understanding to how the work operates andwhat effects different changes will convey, which in the long runmight create the necessary conditions for a more dynamic andvivid organization that can deliver what the client demands.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-uppsHylla: Upps. ChP 03-05
4
Kyriakopoulos, Christodoulos <1978>. "Finite element models of coseismic deformation due to the 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) and 2008 Wenchuan(China) earthquakes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3685/1/Kyriakopoulos_Christodoulos_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topic of my Ph.D. thesis is the finite element modeling of coseismic deformation imaged by DInSAR and GPS data. I developed a method to calculate synthetic Green functions with finite element models (FEMs) and then use linear inversion methods to determine the slip distribution on the fault plane. The method is applied to the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake (Italy) and to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (China). I focus on the influence of rheological features of the earth's crust by implementing seismic tomographic data and the influence of topography by implementing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) layers on the FEMs. Results for the L’Aquila earthquake highlight the non-negligible influence of the medium structure: homogeneous and heterogeneous models show discrepancies up to 20% in the fault slip distribution values. Furthermore, in the heterogeneous models a new area of slip appears above the hypocenter. Regarding the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the very steep topographic relief of Longmen Shan Range is implemented in my FE model. A large number of DEM layers corresponding to East China is used to achieve the complete coverage of the FE model. My objective was to explore the influence of the topography on the retrieved coseismic slip distribution. The inversion results reveals significant differences between the flat and topographic model. Thus, the flat models frequently adopted are inappropriate to represent the earth surface topographic features and especially in the case of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
5
Kyriakopoulos, Christodoulos <1978>. "Finite element models of coseismic deformation due to the 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) and 2008 Wenchuan(China) earthquakes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3685/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topic of my Ph.D. thesis is the finite element modeling of coseismic deformation imaged by DInSAR and GPS data. I developed a method to calculate synthetic Green functions with finite element models (FEMs) and then use linear inversion methods to determine the slip distribution on the fault plane. The method is applied to the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake (Italy) and to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (China). I focus on the influence of rheological features of the earth's crust by implementing seismic tomographic data and the influence of topography by implementing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) layers on the FEMs. Results for the L’Aquila earthquake highlight the non-negligible influence of the medium structure: homogeneous and heterogeneous models show discrepancies up to 20% in the fault slip distribution values. Furthermore, in the heterogeneous models a new area of slip appears above the hypocenter. Regarding the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the very steep topographic relief of Longmen Shan Range is implemented in my FE model. A large number of DEM layers corresponding to East China is used to achieve the complete coverage of the FE model. My objective was to explore the influence of the topography on the retrieved coseismic slip distribution. The inversion results reveals significant differences between the flat and topographic model. Thus, the flat models frequently adopted are inappropriate to represent the earth surface topographic features and especially in the case of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
6
Heidemann, Lutz, and Sylvi Mauermeister. "Fakultät Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften 2005." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1183457294400-26702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Dresdner Absolventenstudie beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Befragung von Absolvent/innen der Fakultät Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften der TU Dresden des im Untertitel angegebenen Abschlusszeitraums zu den Themen Berufseinmündung, Tätigkeitsverlauf, Studienverlauf, retrospektive Studienbewertung und Zukunftsorientierungen. Darüber hinaus werden Kohorten- und Panelvergleiche zu befragten Absolvent/innen früherer Jahrgänge realisiert. Gegenstand sind auch Aspekte im Studium, die mit dem beruflichen Erfolg in Zusammenhang stehen.
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Harman, Cates Michael Cates-Harman. "p0-Hadron Jet Correlations in He + Au Collisions at 200 GeV." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1462295771.
Повний текст джерела
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Enke, Michael. "Untersuchung des Spallationsprozesses mit 1,2 und 1,8 GeV Protonen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2000/18/index.html.
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Vale, Carla Manuel 1973. "Elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-142).
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has provided its experiments with the most energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions ever achieved in a laboratory. These collisions allow for the study of the properties of nuclear matter at very high temperature and energy density, and may uncover new forms of matter created under such conditions. This thesis presents measurements of the elliptic flow amplitude, v₂, in Au+Au collisions at RHIC's top center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair. Elliptic flow is interesting as a probe of the dynamical evolution of the system formed in the collision. The elliptic flow dependences on transverse momentum, centrality, and pseudorapidity were measured using data collected by the PHOBOS detector during the 2001 RHIC run. The reaction plane of the collision was determined using the multiplicity detector, and the azimuthal angles of tracks reconstructed in the spectrometer were then correlated with the found reaction plane. The v₂ values grow almost linearly with transverse momentum, up to P[sub]T of approximately 1.5 GeV, saturating at about 14%. As a function of centrality, v₂ is minimum for central events, as expected from geometry, and increases up to near 7% (for 0 < [eta] < 1) at (N[sub]part) = 83. The v2 dependence on pseudorapidity was measured over the range 0 < [eta] < 1.8 for three centrality rangess: 3-15%, 15-25% and 25-50%. For all but the most central of the three centrality ranges, v₂ is seen to decrease with increasing starting already near mid-rapidity. The results, their comparison to models and interpretation are discussed.
by Carla Manuel Vale.
Ph.D.
10
Parker, William Chesluk. "CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE OF BULK FIREBALL PROPERTIES IN /Snn=62.4 and 200 GeV." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192559.
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Quintero, Amilkar. "MEASUREMENT OF CHARM MESON PRODUCTION IN Au+Au COLLISIONS ATsqrt(SNN) =200 GeV." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1460734511.
Повний текст джерела
12
Vanfossen, Joseph A. Jr. "CHARM MESON PRODUCTION IN AU-AU COLLISIONS ATsqrt(s_NN) = 200 GEV AT RHIC." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149216990883006.
Повний текст джерела
13
Atetalla, Fareha G. A. "THE FIRST HARMONIC ANISOTROPY OF CHARMED MESONS IN 200 GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626789976616713.
Повний текст джерела
14
Guertin, Steven Michael. "Mid-rapidity [pi]⁰ production in d+Au collions [sic] at [formula] = 200 GeV." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679830621&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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15
Volken, Werner. "Strangelet search in S - W collisions at 200 · A GeV/c per nucleon /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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16
Sato, Hiroki. "J/ψ production in p+p collisions at [square root]{s}=200 GeV". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149057.
Повний текст джерела
17
Leclère, Anne-Sophie T. "An evaluation of bremsstrahlung cross-sections for keV to GeV electrons." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/anp4086/thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 56 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55).
18
ASTRUC, JULIEN. "Production de mesons , et dans les collisions d-c, d-u, s-u a 200 gev/nucleon et pb-pb a 158 gev/nucleon." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les experiences na38 et na50, etudient aupres du sps du cern la production de dimuons dans des collisions d'ions lourds ultrarelativistes, donnant acces a celle des mesons vecteurs , , et j/. L'evolution de ces productions par rapport a celles observees dans les collisions impliquant des projectiles legers permettrait de mettre en evidence les effets de la formation du plasma de quarks et de gluons qui pourrait etre produit sous l'effet des hautes temperatures atteintes dans ces collisions. Une forte augmentation de la production d'etrangete a ete predite comme pouvant etre une signature de cette nouvelle phase de la matiere hadronique. Dans cette these nous avons etudie la production des mesons etranges , et des mesons et dans les collisions d-c, d-u et s-u a 200 gev/nucleon et pb-pb a 158 gev/nucleon, dans differentes regions de masse transverse de la paire de muons. Les comparaisons des productions de , avec celles de et ainsi qu'avec le continumm de masse montrent une augmentation de la production du par rapport au + , en fonction de la taille du systeme et pour les collisions s-u et pb-pb, de la centralite de la collision. L'etude des sections efficaces de production pour les differents systemes met en evidence un changement de comportement entre les collisions deuton-noyau et noyau-noyau. En dehors d'une evolution generale de la production, pour le + et le continuum, le montre une augmentation nettement plus elevee et qui est coherente entre les collisions s-u et pb-pb. De plus les pentes inverses des spectres en masses transverses montrent une importante augmentation entre d-c et s-u. L'ensemble de ces resultats confirme donc l'importante augmentation de la production du qui avait ete observee pour le systeme s-u et qui se poursuit dans les collisions pb-pb. Mots-cles : plasma de quarks et de gluons - dimuons - na38 et na50 - ions lourds ultrarelativistes - resonances , , - masse transverse - pente inverse.
19
Sarin, Pradeep 1975. "Measurement of charged particle multiplicity distribution in Au + Au collisions up to 200 GeV." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2003.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-165).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Au+Au collisions in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) herald a new era of opportunities for studying hadronic matter under conditions of high energy density and nucleon density. The theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), tells us very little about the dynamics of a strongly interacting many-body system in this non-perturbative regime. Therefore, characterizing the collisions using global extrinsic observables becomes important. The distribution of charged particles produced in an ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision, being proportional to the initial energy density in the collision volume, is one such global observable. An anomalous change in particle multiplicity from lower energy collisions and/or peripheral to central collisions could indicate the onset of non-perturbative effects like deconfinement of quarks and gluons, or non-linear dynamics such as parton saturation. We determine the pseudo-rapidity distribution of charged particles from hits recorded in pixels of the PHOBOS silicon multiplicity detector, after applying corrections for detector acceptance, occupancy and background particles. The collision centrality is estimated by measuring the energy deposited in scintillator trigger detectors and comparing it to Monte Carlo simulations for events with different impact parameters. We find the total number of charged particles produced in central Au+Au collisions at [the square root of] sNN = 130 GeV and [the square root of] sNN = 200 GeV to be 4160+/-210 and 5050+/-250 respectively. The pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged particles show two remarkable features. In the fragmentation region, the distribution follows a limiting curve independent of the collision energy, similar to the limiting fragmentation behaviour seen earlier in p + p and p + A collisions.
(cont.) In the mid-rapidity region, the yield of charged particles evolves smoothly as a function of [the square root of] sNN and collision centrality. We compare our results with a compilation of data from lower energy p + p, p + A and A + A collisions and discuss their implications for various phenomenological models of particle production.
by Pradeep Sarin.
Ph.D.
20
Mikocki, Stanislaw. "Inclusive resonance production in single-vee events in [pi]- nucleon interactions at 200 GeV." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present results from Fermilab MPS experiment E580 on the reactions π⁻N->V°X where V° is K°S, A or A̅ and X are charged particles. Transverse and longitudinal momentum distributions for the V° and for K*±(892), Σ±(1385), Ξ⁻(1321) and Ξ⁺(1321) are presented. A comparison is made with the prediction of QCD quark counting rules. Evidence for A⁺C; is presented.Ph. D.
21
Trout, John William. "Waton Kumpul ("as long as we get together") : cultural preservation of the community Uyon-Uyonand Latihan Karawitan tradition in Sleman, Yogyakarta, 2004-2006 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1181933777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Dr. Bruce D. McClung. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Nov. 27, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: cultural preservation; Karawitan; Sleman; Yogyakarta; Javanese; Gamelan; Java; Sanggar. Includes bibliographical references.
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Finnas, Lena Granberg Lovisa. "Tidningar är som tveeggade svärd : en jämförelse hur den indiska tidningen the Hindu skrev om ämnet hiv/aids och hiv-positiva personer under 16 dagar år 2005 och 16 dagar år 2007 /." Kalmar : University of Kalmar. School of Communication and Design, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1185/FULLTEXT01.
Повний текст джерела
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Walker, Matthew (Matthew Hsing Hung). "Dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at [the square root of sigma] = 200 GeV." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2011.In title on title page, "the square root of sigma" appears as the mathematical symbol, and "sigma" appears as the lower-case Greek letter. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-169).
Polarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments indicate that quarks only carry approximately 30% of the proton spin, which led to interest in measuring the contributions of other components. Through polarized proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the world's only polarized proton collider, it is possible to make an extraction of the polarized gluon distribution function [delta]g(x). This function describes the contribution of the gluon polarization to the proton spin. This thesis presents a measurement of the p + p ---> Jet + Jet + X (dijet) cross section from the 2005 RHIC running period and a measurement of the longitudinal double spin asymmetry ALL from the 2009 RHIC running period, both made using the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR). The cross section is measured over the invariant mass range 20 < M < 116 GeV/c 2 with systematic uncertainties between 20 and 50%, driven by the jet energy scale uncertainty. The asymmetry is measured over the invariant mass range 20 < M < 80 GeV/c 2 in three different detector acceptances. The asymmetry measurement is compared to several theory scenarios in each of the detector acceptances, which allows extraction of the shape of the polarized gluon distribution function [delta]g(x). The results are consistent with a small, but positive, total gluon polarization.
by Matthew Walker.
Ph.D.
24
Oliveira, Renato Aparecido Negrão de. "Estudo da energia transversal em colisões Au+Au para energias entre 7.7 e 200 GeV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-20012015-112105/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo de investigar colisões de íons pesados no regime relativístico é de estudar os quarks e glúons em condições extremas de pressão, densidade e temperatura, reproduzindo as condições da matéria nos instantes iniciais da formação do universo. Nesse trabalho, a energia transversal ET foi investigada para colisões Au+Au no experimento STAR no RHIC a energias de feixe no intervalo de 7.7 à 200 GeV. A dependência do ET normalizado pelo número de participantes em função da centralidade e energia de colisão foi medida, bem como a dependência do ET dividido pela densidade de partículas carregadas em função da energia de colisão para colisões centrais. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que para energias menores do que 7.7 GeV, a energia transversal média por unidade de carga produzida varia significativamente com o aumento da energia de colisão, atingindo o limite de saturação para o intervalo de energias maiores do que 7.7 GeV, onde essa razão passa a ser praticamente constante em função da energia de colisão. Por fim, a componente eletromagnética da energia transversal também foi medida, e os resultados indicam que para as energias mais baixas o estado final é dominado por bárions, ao passo que para altas energias o mesmo é dominado por mésons.The goal of relativistic heavy-ion collisions is to study the behavior of quarks and gluons under extreme conditions of pressure, density and temperature, such as those expected to have existed in the the beginning of the universe. In this work, the transverse energy ET was investigated for Au+Au collisions measured with the STAR experiment at RHIC with beam energies from 7.7 to 200 GeV. The centrality and collision energy dependence of ET per number of participants was measured, as well as the energy dependence for the ET per charged particles in central collisions. The results indicate that for collision energies less than 7.7 GeV the average transverse energy per unit charge varies significantly with increasing collision energy, reaching the saturation limit for energies higher than 7.7 GeV, where this ratio becomes almost constant. The electromagnetic fraction of the total ET was estimated, and the results are in agreement with a final state dominated by baryons, for lower energies, and a meson dominated state for higher energies.
25
Reed, Corey (Corey James). "Studies of nucleon-gold collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair using tagged d+Au interactions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-212).
The spectra of charged hadrons produced near mid-rapidity in d+Au, p+Au and n+Au collisions at - = 200 GeV are presented as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. These measurements were performed using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Nucleon-nucleus interactions were extracted from the d+Au data by identifying the deuteron spectators. The deuteron spectators were measured using two calorimeters; one that detected forward-going single neutrons and a newly installed calorimeter that detected forward-going single protons. The large suppression of high-pr hadron production in central Au+Au interactions relative to a naive superposition of p+p collisions has been interpreted as evidence of partonic energy loss in a dense medium. This interpretation is founded upon the absence of such suppression in the yield of d+Au collisions. The validity of using d+Au interactions in place of a nucleon-nucleus reference is tested. It is shown that hadron production in d+Au agrees with a simple binary collision scaling of hadron production in p+Au. An ideal reference for Au+Au collisions is constructed using a weighted combination of p+Au and n+Au yields and is found to be similar to the d+Au reference.
(cont.) Further, hadron production in p+Au interactions is compared to that of n+Au interactions. The single charge difference between a p+Au and a n+Au collision allows for a unique study of the ability of the interaction to transport the proton from the initial deuteron to mid-rapidity. However, no asymmetry between the positively and negatively charged hadron spectra of p+Au and n+Au interactions is observed at (qr) = 0.8. Collision centrality was determined using several different observables, including those based on the multiplicity in different regions of pseudorapidity and those based on the amount of nuclear spectator material. It is shown that measurements made on small collision systems in the mid-rapidity region are biased by centrality variables based on the mid-rapidity multiplicity. Despite this bias, a smooth evolution with centrality is observed in the Cronin enhancement of hadrons produced in d+Au collisions. It is shown that this smooth progression is independent of the choice of centrality variable when centrality is parametrized by the multiplicity measured near mid-rapidity.
by Corey Reed.
Ph.D.
26
FELGEYROLLES, XAVIER. "Etude de la calorimetrie dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra relativistes a 200 gev par nucleon." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21163.
Повний текст джерела
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Sinquin, Anne. "Production de J-ψ et de dimuons dans les collisions oxygène-cuivre à 200 Gev-nucléon". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La chromodynamique quantique prédit qu'à suffisamment haute densité, la matière en interaction forte subit une transition d'une phase hadronique, avec des mésons et des baryons comme constituants de base, vers un plasma de quarks et de gluons déconfinés. Au CERN, grâce aux faisceaux d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes d'oxygène à 200 GeV/N de très haut flux, on espère atteindre une densité d'énergie suffisante pour permettre cette transition. L'expérience NA38 étudie les dimuons et le J/psi produits en corrélation avec l'énergie transverse déposée lors de la collision. On s'attend en effet à une diminution du nombre de J/psi produits par rapport aux dimuons du continuum s'il y a plasma Expérimentalement, il a été observé une décroissance de ce rapport R avec l'énergie transverse pour le système oxygène-uranium. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le système oxygène-cuivre afin d'analyser plus en détailla production de J/psi à plus basse densité d'énergie. Nous n'observons aucune variation discontinue du rapport R , et celui-ci présente un même comportement que pour l'autre système pourvu que la densité d'énergie soit la même. Cet effet ne peut être aujourd'hui expliqué par aucun modèle plus classique (absorption du J/psi dans le noyau ou dans le nuage de pions produits dans la collision)Quantum chromodynamics predicts that at sufficiently high density, strongly interacting matter will undergo a phase transition from a hadronic phase, with mesons and baryons as basic constituents, to a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons. A CERN, ultrarelativistic oxygen beams at 200 GeV/N and very intensity are expected to provide high enough energy densities to allow this transition. The NA38 experiment studies the production of dimuons and J/psi correlated to the transverse energy of the collision. Indeed, it has been predicted that the number of produced J/psi schould be decreased as compared to the dimuons of the continuum if the plasma phase has been formed. Experimentally, for oxygen-uranium collisions, it has been observed a decrease of the ratio R of the number of J/psi to the number of continuum dimuons with transverse energy. In this thesis, we study the oxygen on copper collisions with the aim of analyzing with more details the J/psi production at lower energy densities. It has been observed no disconlinuity in the decrease of the ratio R. And the R value is the same than for oxygen-uranium collisions, provided the energy density is the same. This effect is not explained, up to now, by more classical models (J/psi absorption in the nucleus it self or in the pion cloud produced in the collision)
28
López, Noriega Mercedes. "Pion interferometry in AuAu collisions at a center of mass energy per nucleon of 200 GeV." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092077196.
Повний текст джерела
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Sinquin, Anne. "Production de J/psi et de dimuons dans les collisions oxygène-cuivre à 200 GeV/nucléon." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618581q.
Повний текст джерела
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López, Noriega Mercedes. "Pion interferometry in AuAu collisions at a center of mass energy per nucleon of 200 GeV." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092077196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 126 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
31
Aaby, Jovanna. "Entreprenörskap i Sverige och Japan : En komparativ studie utifrån GEM 2007." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra entreprenörskap i Sverige och Japan och att få en förståelse för varför så olika länder båda har så lågt entreprenörskap. Jag har valt att avgränsa mig till data hämtade från GEM 2007. Metod: I detta arbete gör jag en jämförelse av entreprenörskap i Sverige och i Japan som jag gjort genom att införskaffa sekundär data från en rapport från GEM 2007. I detta arbete har mitt förhållningssätt främst varit abduktivt. Teoretiska Perspektiv: Wennekers (2006) har undersökt den U-kurva som uppstår när man studerar entreprenörskap i relation till ekonomisk utveckling. Länder tenderar att gå från en hög nivå av entreprenörskap till en låg nivå när man går från bondeekonomi till industriell ekonomi för att sedan öka igen när länder nått en avancerad nivå av ekonomisk utveckling. Trots dessa samband så skiljer sig länder fortfarande mycket åt när det kommer till entreprenörskap och förändringarna verkar vara ihållande. Wennekers (a.a.) menar att detta snarare beror på kulturella skillnader än ekonomiska skillnader eftersom kulturella skillnader är relativt oföränderliga över tiden. Empiri: GEM står för Global Entrepreneurship Monitor och är ett not-for-profit akademiskt forsknings konsortium. Deras mål är att göra internationell forskning av hög kvalité om entreprenöriska aktiviteter i världen som kan nå en så bred publik som möjligt. GEMs studie är den största enskilda studie av entreprenörisk aktivitet i världen och startade 1999. I detta arbete har jag använt mig av data från GEMs rapport från 2007 som är det år då både Japan och Sverige var med senast. Resultat: I en jämförelse av Japan och Sverige så hittar jag en del likheter, men främst skillnader. Detta antyder att det inte finns några enkla svar på varför entreprenörskap är lågt i ett land. Resultatet av studien indikerar att de nationella experterna hade rätt när de gav statlig politik som främsta problemområde för Sverige och kultur och sociala normer för Japan.Purpose: The purpose with this thesis has been to compare entrepreneurship in Sweden and in Japan. It has also been to get a wider understanding why two so different countries both have a low level of entrepreneurship compared to other countries. Since the subject is wide I have chosen to delimitate to data from GEM 2007. Methodology: In this thesis I have compared entrepreneurship in Sweden and in Japan. This I have done by obtaining secondary data from GEM’s report from 2007. My approach in this thesis has foremost been abductive. Theoretical perspectives: Wennekers (2006) have studied the U-shape curve that occurs when you put entrepreneurship in relation to economic growth. Countries tend to go from a high level of entrepreneurship to a low level when they go from agricultural economy to an industrial economy. Then they tend to go up again when they reach a advanced level of economic development. However countries seem to differ when it comes to entrepreneurship despite this relation and the differences seems to be lasting. Wennekers (a.a.) believe that these differences has to do with cultural differences rather than economics differences since cultural differences are relatively immutable over time. Empirical foundation: GEM stands for Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and is a not-for-profit academic research consortium. Their goal is to make international research of high quality about entrepreneurial activity in the world that is able to reach a wide public. GEM’s study is the biggest study in the world about entrepreneurial activity and started 1999. In this thesis I have used data from GEM’s report from 2007, which is the latest report with both Sweden and Japan. Conclusions: In a comparison between Japan and Sweden I have found some similarities but mostly differences. This suggests that there are no simple answers to a low level of entrepreneurship in a country. However, in my opinion, I think that the national experts were right to put government policies as the biggest problem for Sweden and Cultural, Social norms as Japan’s biggest problem.
32
Neset, Tina-Simone Schmid. "Environmental imprint of human food consumption Linköping, Sweden 1870-2000 /." Linköping : Linköping Universitet, 2005. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:20414/FULLTEXT01.
Повний текст джерела
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Pilote, Jean-Luc. "Fonctionnalisation métallique de nanofibres de gel de silice." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25318/25318.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
34
Zoller, Ian J. "The Paintings of Jeff Koons: 1994 - 2008." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/70251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Art HistoryM.A.
"The Paintings of Jeff Koons: 1994 - 2008" is an in depth look at the painting of an artist who is still primarily known for his sculptural work of the 1980's. This thesis examines Koons' paintings in light of his previous work and looks at his studio practices, sources, connection to Photorealism, Surrealism, and Duchamp, etc. The thesis contends that a greater understanding and appreciation for Koons' paintings is necessary in order to grasp the importance of his entire oeuvre.
Temple University--Theses
35
Marques, Marta Sofia Magalhães. "Evolução das emissões de GEE na economia portuguesa de 1996 a 2006." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteAs alterações climáticas são o problema ambiental que maior projecção tem merecido. O impacto global das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) levou a que se criasse no âmbito da política internacional mecanismos de controlo e responsabilização como nunca antes se havia verificado. Em Portugal, no quadro da União Europeia, esta temática também provocou reacções, não só ao nível político, mas também junto dos agentes económicos e privados. Esta tese pretende pois estudar estas reacções, quantificá-las quando possível, e dar os primeiros passos para a compreensão das suas causas específicas, de forma a capacitar futuras medidas políticas, aumentando a sua eficácia. Foi esse o objectivo deste trabalho: estudar o comportamento dos diversos agentes económicos no que concerne as emissões de GEE, ao longo do período entre 1996 e 2006. Optou-se pela metodologia input-output, por permitir a identificação, não só do efeito directo de cada sector económico, mas também dos efeitos indirectos da globalidade do ciclo produtivo e dos efeitos induzidos pelo consumo privado. Verificou-se que existe uma diminuição da intensidade carbónica transversal a todos os sectores analisados mas que, ao nível dos efeitos multiplicadores, se assistiu a um acréscimo em 1999 que se pensa traduzir aumentos da complexidade das cadeias produtivas e variações no impacto directo do sector energético. O papel das famílias ficou mais uma vez provado como grande força motriz do sector económico, sendo essencial a sua inclusão nos modelos de avaliação de impactos. Pensa-se que os instrumentos de apoio à tomada de decisão deverão incluir os efeitos totais e os multiplicadores de emissões como parâmetros na avaliação de impactos das medidas de mitigação das emissões de GEE. ABSTRACT: Climate change has been the most discussed environmental subject. The global impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) has lead to the creation of control and liability mechanisms unprecedented in the scope of international affairs. This issue has also got an impact in Portugal, not only at the political level but on economical and private players as well. This thesis intended to assess those impacts, quantifying them whenever possible, launching the understanding of their specific causes in order to set a framework for future political measures, increasing their efficiency. Thus the goal of this work was to study the behaviour of various economical players concerning the emission of GHG between 1996 and 2006. An input-output methodology was applied allowing not only the identification of the direct effect on each economical sector, but also of the indirect effects on the global productive cycle and the effects induced by private consumption. In all sectors, a reduction of the carbon intensity was verified. However, a slight enhancement in 1999 of the emissions multipliers was observed, probably connected to the increasing complexity of the production chain and to the changes in the carbon intensity (direct effect) of the energy sector. The importance of the family sector was once more proven as the main driver of the economic system, being therefore essential to include it in impact assessment models. The inclusion of the emissions total effects and multipliers as evaluation parameters of GHG emissions mitigation measures is believed to be relevant for any decision support tool.
36
Ahlbrecht, Gerhard. "Preußenbäume und Bagdadbahn : Deutschland im Blick der französischen Geo-Disziplinen, 1821-2004 /." Passau : K. Stutz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41132511x.
Повний текст джерела
37
Woolridge, Robert E. "CONFRONTING MASCULINITY: THE GEN X NOVEL (1984-2000) AND THE SENTIMENTAL MAN." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experimental novels written from 1984-2000 by authors associated with Generation X collectively struggle with common sense notions of masculinity in their various decades at the end of the twentieth century. Relying on confessional, first-person narration, first novels written by white men stage a critical engagement of outdated patriarchal norms in an effort to produce a more progressive masculinity based on sentimentality. In the 1980s, McInerney and Ellis novels, Bright Lights, Big City and Less Than Zero chronicle the struggles of empty, yuppie men who cannot make connections with their peers due to their emotionally devoid lives. By the 1990s, Douglas Coupland proposes a new, sentimental masculinity with his protagonist Andy who narrates Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. Andy creates sympathetic connections with his peers through the act of confessional storytelling. Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club does similar cultural work as Coupland’s novel by creating an anti-sentimental, nameless narrator so bereft of emotion that he creates a hypermasculine alter-ego and violent groups to avoid the emotional emptiness of his life. Finally, Dave Eggers’s A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000) produces the most progressive, evolved masculine narrator, Dave, who spends the entire novel coming to terms with the death of his parents while raising his brother as a son. The novels, in both content and form, become more complex and richer reflecting the development of their protagonists and their philosophical arguments for progressing into sentimental men.
38
Asano, Hidemitsu. "Nuclear modification of electron yields from charm and bottom hadrons in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215299.
Повний текст джерела
39
DeWolf, R. S. "Charged and neutral particle production in proton-antiproton interactions at 200 and 900 GeV centre of mass energies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481568.
Повний текст джерела
40
Gulbrandsen, Kristján Herlache 1975. "Relative yields of antiparticles to particles in Au+Au collisions at 130 and 200 GeV per nucleon pair." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-123).
Au+Au collisions at [square root of] [superscript]s nn = 130 and 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have opened a new energy regime for studying nucleus-nucleus collisions. A search for the formation of a phase of matter in which quarks and gluons interact strongly over an extended deconfined volume is of primary importance. The PHOBOS detector was constructed to measure many observables at RHIC. The primary subsystem used in this analysis is the PHOBOS spectrometer. The spectrometer is a multiplane silicon pad detector which detects particles traversing its pads as they propagate through a strong magnetic field. The hit positions are used along with energy loss information in the silicon pads to determine both the momentum and velocity of the particles, allowing for the identification of the particle species. One of the most basic pieces of information to be determined is the baryochemical potential of the system. This information has been determined through the measurement of the relative yields of antiparticles to particles in RHIC collisions ... These values are compared to model predictions and are used to evaluate the contribution of baryon transport relative to particle production in determining the yields of baryon at midrapidity in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies.
by Kristján Herlache Gulbrandsen.
Ph.D.
41
Mott, Alexander (Alexander Robert). "Search for rare events in [the square root of sigma nu nu] = 200 GeV Au+Au PHOBOS data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2009.In title on title-page, "[the square root of sigma nu nu]" appears as a mathematical equation; "sigma" appears superscript.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 66).
In this analysis, we set an upper bound on the rate of rare events: events whose dN/dn distribution deviates more than statistically from the ensemble average dN/dn distribution for s [the square root of sigma nu nu] = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions in PHOBOS data. We carefully remove events that may exhibit non-statistical fluctuations due to other effects, such as event pileup and detector pathology. We also use very fine binning in the z and y vertex positions to eliminate fluctuations due to different event vertices. We eliminate global correlations within the dN/dn distributions by using a covariance matrix in the analysis, which is used to scale out correlations between difference pseduorapidity (n) regions. In the end we produce a value of x2 per degree of freedom (X2v ) for each event, which reflects how well the event agrees with the ensemble average. We compare this distribution with the distribution we would expect for a model using uncorrelated random variables with the same degrees of freedom of our system, and find remarkable agreement between our data and this random distribution. This allows us to conclude that most events in our data set are statistical fluctuations about the ensemble average. We are further able to determine that there is a signal of non-statistical events with X2V > 2.22, and that the rate of these events in the PHOBOS data is less than (1.97 ± 0.4(stat) O0.1(sys)) x 10-5 rare events/events.
by Alexander Mott.
S.B.
42
Vaurynovich, Siarhei (Siarhei S. ). "Measurement of [phi] meson production in Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV using the PHOBOS detector at RHIC." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2012.In title on title-page "[phi]" appears as the lower-case Greek letter. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-271).
Strong enhancement of production of strange particles, and in particular of [phi] mesons, in heavy ion collisions of sufficiently high energies has been predicted to be an indication of a formation of a new state of matter, composed of deconfined quarks and gluons and having a property of chiral symmetry, called Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Studying production of [phi] mesons is of special interest due to their small cross-section of interaction with non-strange hadrons and due to their long lifetime, which should allow [phi] mesons to decouple from the strongly interacting medium produced in heavy ion collisions early in time and to escape the medium before decaying, thereby preserving information about the conditions in which the mesons were produced. In addition, the decay properties of [phi] mesons have been predicted to be modified in a hadronic gas medium. The [phi] -> K+K~ decay is of particular interest since the mass of a [phi] meson in vacuum is very close to the mass of two charged kaons, and consequently, even a small change in the mass or the width of [phi] mesons or in the mass of kaons would have a strong effect on the decay properties. Measurement of [phi] meson production using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has proven to be especially challenging due to a small acceptance of the PHOBOS spectrometer and due to a much lower than predicted yield of [phi] mesons in heavy ion collisions at the highest RHIC energy. The measurement required a development of a new tracking algorithm, specifically tailored to reconstruct charged kaons with a high efficiency in a high hit density environment, keeping at the same time the necessary computing time within feasible limits. Results of a measurement of [phi] meson invariant yield in the rapidity interval 0 < y <1 as a function of transverse momentum in Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV are presented in various ranges of centrality. The results were used to determine the dN/dy values, the inverse slope parameters T (corresponding to mT-scaling fits of the invariant yields), and average transverse momentum of [phi] mesons as a function of collision centrality. The PHOBOS results on [phi]5 meson invariant yield were compared to the corresponding measurements performed by the STAR and the PHENIX collaborations and were found to be compatible with both within the estimated measurement uncertainties. The centrality dependence of the yield of [phi] mesons at mid-rapidity was studied for all of the available data on [phi] meson production in heavy ion collisions at /N,=200 GeV, and it was found that the data are not sufficient to distinguish between the Npan and Ncou scaling laws of the yield, thereby making it impossible to tell apart two mechanisms of q5 meson production: 1) disintegration of a thermalized QGP, and 2) production in the primordial hard scatterings of partons of the collided nuclei. The V/7 dependence of the inverse slope parameter T was studied for various particle species, showing an evidence of a change in the mechanism of particle production at temperatures and energy densities corresponding to , ~4-9 GeV, however no indication of a plateau was found in any of the dependencies in contrast to theoretical predictions. The T versus V dependence of [phi] mesons was found to have a local maximum at f %20 GeV. Invariant yield of [phi] mesons with p, < 130 MeV/c was measured in the 0-60% Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV showing a strong suppression of the yield (by about a factor of ~6 in comparison to an extrapolation to pt = 0 of the PHOBOS results at pt > 390 MeV/c), however, since a full analysis of the systematic errors was not performed for the measurement, the results cannot be considered conclusive. The V dependence of the yield of [phi] mesons at mid-rapidity was studied separately and with respect to the charged particle multiplicity, showing no indication of any special interval of js values which could be associated with such a transition (of a QCD matter into a new state) that would produce a noticeable sudden increase in the number of produced [phi] mesons. No evidence of any change in the mean or the width of the [phi] meson invariant mass peak with respect to the vacuum values was observed.
by Siarhei Vaurynovich.
Ph.D.
43
Kane, Jay Lawrence. "Charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-235).
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) collides Au ions at a center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair, which produces the most energetic collisions yet seen in the laboratory. RHIC has also collided proton beams and deuteron+gold beams. By studying these collisions important information about hadronic matter under extreme conditions and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) can be collected. One of the predictions of QCD is that at very high energy densities the quarks and gluons within hadrons will become deconfined and form a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). These densities are thought to be achievable with Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies. Another prediction theorizes that before the collision, the very high energies of the nuclei will create a condensate of the low momentum gluons within the nuclei before any collisions occur. This condensate is termed the Color Glass Condensate (CGC). Both of these predictions can be tested by studying the transverse momentum, ..., spectra of charged hadrons produced in the heavy ion collisions. This thesis presents data on ... spectra collected using the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. PHOBOS is capable of measuring a wide range of momenta using a silicon based double armed spectrometer located in a strong magnetic field. The results show a strong suppression of a factor of 4 - 5 in the nuclear modification factor, ... at high ... as predicted in a QGP. This suppression is absent in d+Au collisions, where ... has a value consistent with unity from mid to high ... . A QGP is not expected to form from d+Au collisions, so no suppression would be expected.
(cont.) When ... is calculated for different rapidities, a suppression is seen as the rapidity in the deuteron fragmentation region increases. This has been predicted to be seen if a CGC does form in the colliding nuclei.
by Jay Lawrence Kane.
Ph.D.
44
Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio. "Medidas de J/psi e Upsilon em colisões p+p a raiz{s} =200 GeV no experimento STAR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14052008-132543/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neste trabalho obteve-se, com o experimento STAR, medidas de produção de J/ψ e ϒ em rapidez central (η=0), em colisões p+p com √s = 200 GeV no RHIC. A medida de ϒ foi a primeira medida de bottomonium em rapidez central no RHIC. Essas medidas servem como linha de base para a investigação experimental sistemática da supressão de heavy-quarkonium, tida como uma evidência observacional do Plasma de Quarks e Glúons (QGP). Para a realização dessas medidas foi desenvolvido um sistema específico de gatilho de eventos para heavy-quarkonium, envolvendo, em sua configuração, os subsistemas do calorímetro eletromagnético (BEMC) e do cilindro de gatilho central (CTB, apenas para J/ψ). Os resultados obtidos foram a seção de choque de produção de J/ψ, BRee×σJ/ψincl = 122(23)estat(27)sist. (nb), e de ϒ, BRee×dσϒ/dy|y=0 = 114 (29)estat(24)sist. (pb), além do espectro em momento transversal de J/ψ, cujo momento quadrático médio observado foi ‹ pT2›=3,43(68) (GeV/c)2. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com previões teóricas de 3 modelos, o de singleto de cor (CSM), QCD não-relativística (NRQCD) e de evaporação de cor (CEM), além de diversos outros dados experimentais. Com excessão do CSM, todos os modelos concordam razoavelmente bem com os dados experimentais.This work presents mid-rapidity (η=0) J/ψ and ϒ measurements for p+p collisions at √s = 200 GeV from the STAR experiment at RHIC. ϒ results correspond to the first mid-rapidity bottomonium measurement at RHIC. These measurements can be used as the baseline of the systematic experimental investigation on heavy-quarkonium suppression, believed to be one important observational evidence of the existence of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). In order to acquire the data for these analyses, it was necessary to develop a new heavy-quarkonium trigger system, based on the Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter (BEMC) and the Central Trigger Barrel (CTB, J/ψ only) detectors. The inclusive J/ψ cross section at mid-rapidity is BRee×σJ/ψincl = 122(23)estat(27)sist. (nb) and for the ϒ, BRee×dσϒ/dy|y=0 = 114 (29)estat(24)sist.(pb). In the case of the J/ψ measurement, we acquired enough statistics to obtain a transverse momentum spectrum and the mean squared transverse momentum is ‹ pT2›=3,43(68) (GeV/c)2. These results were compared to theoretical predictions of 3 different models, the Color Singlet Model (CSM), the Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD) and the Color Evaporation Model (CEM), as well as to other experimental data. Except for the CSM, all the predictions agree reasonably well with the data.
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Chambon, Thierry. "Etude de la production de j/ψ dans les collisions soufre-uranium a 200 gev/c par nucleon". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les collisions #1#6o-u et #3#2s-u enregistrees en 1986-87 par l'experience na38 ont mis en evidence une baisse relative de la production de la resonance j/ par rapport a la production du continuum de dimuons entre les collisions peripheriques et les collisions centrales. Cette suppression de la resonance j/ pourrait etre le signe de la production d'un plasma de quarks et de gluons mais peut aussi s'expliquer par l'absorption nucleaire. Cette these etudie la suppression de la resonance j/ en fonction de la centralite de la collision mesuree par l'energie transverse des particules neutres, sur les donnees enregistrees en 1990. Cette analyse est effectuee en comparant la production de la resonance j/ a la production du continuum de dimuons (rapport (/c) ou des evenements minimum bias relatifs a l'ensemble des processus physiques (rapport /mb). La determination de l'energie transverse neutre a partir des informations calorimetriques est exposee en detail ainsi que le calcul de la precision sur cette energie. Les resultats obtenus avec les deux rapports /c et /mb sont compatibles avec les precedents resultats de l'experience na38 et avec l'interpretation de la suppression par le phenomene d'absorption. Cependant une legere augmentation de la suppression semble presente aux tres hautes energies (>100 gev). Il est possible que cette deviation par rapport aux modeles d'absorption nucleaire faible et contenue dans les barres d'erreur pour cette prise de donnees reflete l'apparition d'un etat deconfine de la matiere dans les collisions fortement centrales
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Bekele, Selemon. "Neutral kaon correlations in Au-Au collisions at center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086177649.
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Hamad, Ayman I. A. "ELLIPTIC FLOW STUDY OF CHARMED MESONS IN 200 GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS AT THE RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149905276313972.
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Charlot, Claude. "Etude de la production du j/psi dans les interactions oxygene-uranium a 200 gev/c par nucleon." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13113.
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Charlot, Claude. "Etude de la production du J/PSI dans les interactions oxygène-uranium à 200 GeV/c par nucléon." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612536f.
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Bredström, Anna. "Safe sex, unsafe identities : intersections of 'race', gender and sexuality in swedish HIV/AIDS policy /." Linköping : Department of social and welfare studies, Linköping university, 2008. http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:17781/FULLTEXT01.
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