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1
Otto, Christian F. "Adolf K. Placzek, 9 March 1913-20 March 2000." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59, no. 3 (September 2000): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991671.
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Karlický, M., and S. Šimberová. "The EIT coil-like structure in the March 20, 2000 eruptive prominence." Astronomy & Astrophysics 388, no. 3 (June 2002): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020345.
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Carn, S. A., R. B. Watts, G. Thompson, and G. E. Norton. "Anatomy of a lava dome collapse: the 20 March 2000 event at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 131, no. 3-4 (March 2004): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00364-0.
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Rhee, Myung-Hyun, Aeree Chung, Marc Verheijen, and Min S. Yun. "CO Mapping of Spiral Galaxies in the Ursa Major Cluster: An Atlas." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 205 (2001): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090022144x.
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Konopka, P., J. U. Grooß, S. Bausch, R. Müller, D. S. McKenna, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Orsolini. "Dynamics and chemistry of vortex remnants in late Arctic spring 1997 and 2000: Simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2003): 1051–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-1051-2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. High resolution simulations of the chemical composition of the Arctic stratosphere during late spring 1997 and 2000 have been conducted with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The simulations were performed for the entire northern hemisphere on two isentropic levels 450 K (~18 km) and 585 K (~24 km). The spatial distribution and the lifetime of the vortex remnants formed after the vortex breakup in May 1997 show a completely different behavior above and below 20 km. Above 20 km, vortex remnants effectively propagate southward (up to 40° N) and are "frozen'' in the summer circulation without significant mixing. Below 20 km the southward propagation of the remnants is bounded by the subtropical jet near 55° N. Their lifetime is shorter by a factor of 2 than above 20 km, owing to significant stirring below this altitude. The behavior of vortex remnants formed in March 2000 is similar but, due to an earlier vortex breakup, dominated until mid of May by westerly winds, even above 20 km. Vortex remnants formed in May 1997 are characterized by large mixing ratios of HCl indicating a negligible contribution of the halogen-induced ozone loss. In contrast, mid-latitude ozone loss in late boreal spring 2000 is dominated by an irreversible transport of the ozone-depleted polar air masses (dilution) and, until mid of April, by halogen-induced ozone destruction within the vortex remnants. By varying the effective diffusivity of CLaMS, the impact of mixing on the formation of ClONO2 and ozone depletion is considered. In particular, the photochemical decomposition of HNO3 and not mixing with NOx-rich mid-latitude air is the main source of NOx within the vortex remnants in March and April 2000. Ozone depletion in the remnants is driven by ClOx photolytically formed from ClONO2 and can be properly resolved for CLaMS spatial resolution better then 100\\,km. At 450 K, ozone loss in the vortex remnants contributes by ~2% to the ozone deficit poleward of 30° N.
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Konopka, P., J. U. Grooß, S. Bausch, R. Müller, D. S. McKenna, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Orsolini. "Dynamics and chemistry of vortex remnants in late Arctic spring 1997 and 2000: Simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 3 (June 23, 2003): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-839-2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. High-resolution simulations of the chemical composition of the Arctic stratosphere during late spring 1997 and 2000 were performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The simulations were performed for the entire northern hemisphere on two isentropic levels 450 K (~18 km) and 585 K (~24 km). The spatial distribution and the lifetime of the vortex remnants formed after the vortex breakup in May 1997 display different behavior above and below 20 km. Above 20 km, vortex remnants propagate southward (up to 40°N) and are "frozen in'' in the summer circulation without significant mixing. Below 20 km the southward propagation of the remnants is bounded by the subtropical jet. Their lifetime is shorter by a factor of 2 than that above 20 km, owing to significant stirring below this altitude. The behavior of vortex remnants formed in March 2000 is similar but, due to an earlier vortex breakup, dominated during the first 6 weeks after the vortex breakup by westerly winds, even above 20 km. Vortex remnants formed in May 1997 are characterized by large mixing ratios of HCl indicating negligible, halogen-induced ozone loss. In contrast, mid-latitude ozone loss in late boreal spring 2000 is dominated, until mid-April, by halogen-induced ozone destruction within the vortex remnants, and subsequent transport of the ozone-depleted polar air masses (dilution) into the mid-latitudes. By varying the intensity of mixing in CLaMS, the impact of mixing on the formation of ClONO2 and ozone depletion is investigated. We find that the photochemical decomposition of HNO3 and not mixing with NOx-rich mid-latitude air is the main source of NOx within the vortex remnants in March and April 2000. Ozone depletion in the remnants is driven by ClOx photolytically formed from ClONO2. At the end of May 1997, the halogen-induced ozone deficit at 450 K poleward of 30°N amounts to ~12% with ~10% in the polar vortex and ~2% in well-isolated vortex remnants after the vortex breakup.
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Plaschkes, Jack. "Proceedings of an international research workshop on pediatric liver tumours, 18-20 March 1999, Berne, SwitzerlandInto the year 2000." Medical and Pediatric Oncology 36, no. 3 (2001): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpo.1089.
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Lee, Ching Kwan. "Global China at 20: Why, How and So What?" China Quarterly 250 (June 2022): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741022000686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent two-decade-long march of “global China” – manifested as outward flows of investment, loans, infrastructure, migrants, media, cultural programmes and international and civil society engagement – has left sweeping but variegated footprints in many parts of the world. From “going out,” officially announced in the year 2000, to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Made in China 2025, and from the developing world to advanced industrialized democracies, state-endorsed campaigns are but tips of a much more momentous iceberg. Numerous Chinese citizens and private corporations have also participated in a global search for employment, business, investment and educational and emigration opportunities. International reactions to the increasingly ubiquitous presence of China and the Chinese people in almost every corner of the world have evolved from a mixture of anxiety and hope to a more explicitly critical backlash. Terms such as “sharp power,” “debt-trap diplomacy” and the “new Cold War” bespeak the West's dominant perception today of China as a threat to be contained.
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Arnaud, Jean, Joe Dellinger, Luc Ikelle, Heloise Lynn, Colin MacBeth, Leon Thomsen, and Ilya Tsvankin. "The Ninth International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (91WSA)." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 4 (July 2001): 1294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ninth International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (91WSA) was held on March 26–31, 2000, at Camp Allen Conference Center, about 20 miles from Houston, Texas. The 91WSA organization committee is listed above and was chaired by Leon Thomsen. Below are the abstracts of the 58 papers presented at 91WSA. Please see http://www.seg.org/9iwsa for expanded abstracts and proceedings of 91WSA.
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Zayratyants, Oleg V., Maria V. Samsonova, Andrey L. Cherniaev, Oleko D. Mishnev, Liudmila M. Mikhaleva, Nikolai M. Krupnov, and Dmitry V. Kalinin. "COVID-19 pathology: experience of 2000 autopsies." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/fm340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Pathological anatomy, patogenesis and the morphogenesis of manifestations and complications of COVID-19 remain insufficiently studied. The fullest information on structural bases of organs and tissues alterations by new coronavirus disease can be obtained as a result of autopsies.
Aims: The aim of the study was to study the morphological changes of lungs and other organs of the autopsies of COVID-19 deceased persons. Results of 2000 autopsies of people who died of a severe form of COVID-19 in Moscow, consisting of 1212 men and 788 women, from March 20 to May 22, 2020 (a ratio 1.54:1) aged from 20 to 99 years (on average 68.515.63 years) were presented. This experience was previously generalized in the Atlas COVID-19 pathology. Autopsies were made in the converted interstationary pathoanatomical offices at strict observance of rules of biosafety according to standard and legal documents of WHO, Russian Ministry of Health and Rospotrebnadzor.
Results: Morphological changes of lungs with varying severity and extent were detected in all examined cases; however, damage to other organs was also common, which in some cases prevailed over pulmonary changes and was the cause of death. The main morphological changes in lungs were diffuse alveolar damage and microangiopathy, alveolar hemorrhage syndrome, thrombosis, and thromboembolism.
Conclusion: The involvement of the lungs, other organs, and vascular system in the pathological process is a result of multiple factors. It is advisable to implement clinical and morphological masks of COVID-19.
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Aun, Margit, Kaisa Lakkala, Ricardo Sanchez, Eija Asmi, Fernando Nollas, Outi Meinander, Larisa Sogacheva, et al. "Solar UV radiation measurements in Marambio, Antarctica, during years 2017–2019." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 6037–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6037-2020.
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Abstract. In March 2017, measurements of downward global irradiance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation were started with a multichannel GUV-2511 radiometer in Marambio, Antarctica (64.23∘ S; 56.62∘ W), by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) in collaboration with the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). These measurements were analysed and the results were compared to previous measurements performed at the same site with the radiometer of the Antarctic NILU-UV network during 2000–2008 and to data from five stations across Antarctica. In 2017/2018 the monthly-average erythemal daily doses from October to January were lower than those averaged over 2000–2008 with differences from 2.3 % to 25.5 %. In 2017/2018 the average daily erythemal dose from September to March was 1.88 kJ m−2, while in 2018/2019 it was 23 % larger (2.37 kJ m−2). Also at several other stations in Antarctica the UV radiation levels in 2017/2018 were below average. The maximum UV indices (UVI) in Marambio were 6.2 and 9.5 in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, respectively, whereas during years 2000–2008 the maximum was 12. Cloud cover, the strength of the polar vortex and the stratospheric ozone depletion are the primary factors that influence the surface UV radiation levels in Marambio. The lower UV irradiance values in 2017/2018 are explained by the high ozone concentrations in November, February and for a large part of October. The role of cloud cover was clearly seen in December, and to a lesser extent in October and November, when cloud cover qualitatively explains changes which could not be ascribed to changes in total ozone column (TOC). In this study, the roles of aerosols and albedo are of minor influence because the variation of these factors in Marambio was small from one year to the other. The largest variations of UV irradiance occur during spring and early summer when noon solar zenith angle (SZA) is low and the stratospheric ozone concentration is at a minimum (the so-called ozone hole). In 2017/2018, coincident low total ozone column and low cloudiness near solar noon did not occur, and no extreme UV indices were measured.
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Pancheva, D., N. Mitchell, R. R. Clark, J. Drobjeva, and J. Lastovicka. "Variability in the maximum height of the ionospheric F2-layer over Millstone Hill (September 1998–March 2000); influence from below and above." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 11 (November 30, 2002): 1807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1807-2002.
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Abstract. The basic aim of this ‘case study’ is to investigate the variability in the maximum height of the ionospheric F2-layer, hmF2, with periods of planetary waves (2–30 days), and to make an attempt to determine their origin. The hourly data of hmF2 above Millstone Hill (42.6° N, 71.5° W) during 01 September 1998 - 31 March 2000 were used for analysis. Three types of disturbances are studied in detail: (i) the 27- day oscillations observed in the hmF2 above Millstone Hill are generated by the geomagnetic activity and by the global-scale 27-day wave present in the zonal mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) neutral wind. The time delay between the 27-day oscillation in the zonal wind and that in the hmF2 is found to be 5–6 days, while between the 27-day oscillation in the geomagnetic activity and that in the hmF2 is found to be 0.8–1 day; (ii) the 16-day oscillation in the hmF2 observed during summer 1999 is probably generated by the global scale 16-day modulation of the semidiurnal tide observed in the MLT region during PSMOS campaign in June–August. We found that if the modulated semidiurnal tide mediates the planetary wave signature in the ionosphere, this planetary wave oscillation has to be best expressed in the amplitude and in the phase of the 12-h periodicity of the ionosphere; and (iii) the third type of disturbances studied is the quasi-2- day activity in the hmF2 that increases during geomagnetic disturbances. The strong pseudo diurnal periodicities generated during the geomagnetic storms can interact between each other and produce the quasi-2-day oscillations in the ionosphere.Key words. Ionosphere (ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; ionosphere-magnetoshpere interactions; wave propagation)
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Mikhalev, Aleksandr. "MID-LATITUDE AURORA IN SOLAR CYCLES 23–24 FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF EASTERN SIBERIA." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-54201909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents observations of mid-latitude aurora (MA) in the south of Eastern Siberia in solar cycles 23–24. Spectral composition and dominant emissions of MA, daily distribution of MA detection probability, dependence on the level of geomagnetic activity, and classification according to types of aurora are discussed. A close relationship is shown between the intensity of dominant emission at 630.0 nm and the Dst index during magnetic storms (MSs). It is pointed out that the most intense MA are recorded during MS main phases. The MA detected on November 20, 2003 can enlarge the list of great aurora. For the severe MSs (Dstmin< –200 nT) of March 24, 1991, April 6, 2000, October 30 and November 20, 2003, March 17, 2015, the observed dynamics of 557.7 and 630.0 nm auroral emissions is presented. Mechanisms of emission excitation during geomagnetic storms and a possible connection with magnetospheric structures are discussed.
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Mikhalev, Aleksandr. "MID-LATITUDE AURORA IN SOLAR CYCLES 23–24 FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF EASTERN SIBERIA." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-54201909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents observations of mid-latitude aurora (MA) in the south of Eastern Siberia in solar cycles 23–24. Spectral composition and dominant emissions of MA, daily distribution of MA detection probability, dependence on the level of geomagnetic activity, and classification according to types of aurora are discussed. A close relationship is shown between the intensity of dominant emission at 630.0 nm and the Dst index during magnetic storms (MSs). It is pointed out that the most intense MA are recorded during MS main phases. The MA detected on November 20, 2003 can enlarge the list of great aurora. For the severe MSs (Dstmin< –200 nT) of March 24, 1991, April 6, 2000, October 30 and November 20, 2003, March 17, 2015, the observed dynamics of 557.7 and 630.0 nm auroral emissions is presented. Mechanisms of emission excitation during geomagnetic storms and a possible connection with magnetospheric structures are discussed.
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Blumenstock, T., G. Kopp, F. Hase, G. Hochschild, S. Mikuteit, U. Raffalski, and R. Ruhnke. "Observation of unusual chlorine activation by ground-based infrared and microwave spectroscopy in the late Arctic winter 2000/01." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 5 (October 14, 2005): 9993–10017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-9993-2005.
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Abstract. During the Arctic winter of 2000/01, ground-based FTIR and millimetre-wave measurements revealed significant amounts of ClO over Kiruna after the final warming in February 2001. In fact, column amounts of ClO were still increased in March 2001 when temperatures were about 20 K above the PSC (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) threshold. At these temperatures, chlorine activation due to heterogeneous processes on PSCs is not possible even in the presence of strong lee wave effects. In order to discuss possible reasons of this feature, time series of other chemical species will be presented and discussed, too. Measurements of HF and COF2 indicated that vortex air was still observed in mid-March 2001. Since the time series of HNO3 column amounts do not give any evidence of a denitrification later than 11 February, chlorine activation persisting for several weeks after the presence of PSCs due to denitrification is rather unlikely. The photolysis of ClONO2-rich air which had been formed at the end of February and beginning of March 2001 as well as chlorine activation due to the presence of an unusual aerosol layer are discussed as possible causes of the increased ClO column amounts after the final warming.
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Asano, Shoji, Akihiro Uchiyama, Akihiro Yamazaki, and Katsuyuki Kuchiki. "Solar Radiation Budget from the MRI Radiometers for Clear and Cloudy Air Columns within ARESE II." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 24 (December 1, 2004): 3082–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3288.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As an international collaborative research activity within the Japanese Cloud-Climate Study (JACCS) program, the authors participated in the second Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE II) using the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) radiometers. This paper describes results of ARESE II, as well as specifications and calibration of the MRI radiometers. The solar radiation budget for 2 days of typical clear sky (27 February and 20 March 2000) and overcast sky (3 and 21 March 2000) has been analyzed using spatially collocated, total-band solar irradiances measured by the MRI pyranometers (Kipp & Zonen CM21). These were installed on a Twin Otter aircraft, and deployed at the ARM Southern Great Planes Central Facility site. On average, the clear-sky and overcast-sky air columns between the surface and the Twin Otter flight level of 7 km absorbed about 13% ± 2% and 20% ± 3%, respectively, of the total-band solar radiation incident on the column top. The measured solar radiation budgets agree well with those computed for models of clear and cloudy atmospheres. The present results indicate no evidence of anomalous solar absorption for either the clear- or cloudy-sky cases. It is suggested that about half of the observed absorption enhancement of 7% for the overcast-sky cases could be caused by the presence of larger water vapor, compared with the clear-sky cases, and that the other half could be caused by increased absorption within and above the rather low cloud layers.
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Gerasopoulos, E., P. Zanis, C. Papastefanou, C. S. Zerefos, A. Ioannidou, and H. Wernli. "Deep stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) over SE Europe: a complex case study captured by enhanced <sup>7</sup>Be concentrations at the surface of a low topography region." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2005): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-101-2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this study we present a complex case study of a Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport (STT) event down to the surface of a low topography region in Northern Greece, during the second fortnight of March 2000. During this event our surface station at Livadi (23°15 E/40°32 N, 850 m a.s.l.), was influenced by very different synoptic systems developing over Eastern Europe, N. America and the N. Atlantic, the last one evolving to a cut-off low over France/Spain. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that presents a down to the surface STT event in the eastern Mediterranean. The intrusion is primarily captured with the use of the cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be, which increased to 9.07 mBq m-3 and 9.37 mBq m-3 on 30 and 31 March 2000, respectively. A 7Be concentration of around 8 mBq m-3 recorded during parallel measurements at Thessaloniki (20 m a.s.l.) gives strong evidence that air of stratospheric origins has even gone down to sea level. A rapid increase of 10–15 ppb is also observed in the surface ozone concentration on 31 March 2000. The relative increase of both tracers is consistent with a volume fraction of stratospheric air at the surface of about 5%, but the substantial increase in 7Be flags more clearly the event. Trajectory analyses, in conjunction with the evolution of the synoptic situation described by potential vorticity maps, are used for the exact identification of the different intrusions and the attribution of each intruding parcel of stratospheric air to a certain filament of high PV. Finally, the persistency of the stratospheric layers in the troposphere is another interesting point of this case study. The vast majority of the trajectories spent 7–10 days in the troposphere before reaching the surface at Livadi station.
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Krishnan, Sudha, and Steven M. Mintz. "Using Case Materials to Research Professional Standards on Revenue Recognition Issues." Issues in Accounting Education 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2007.22.1.89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
MicroStrategy, Inc. is a software company listed on NASDAQ. Since the company came out with an initial public offering (IPO) in June 1998, it has always been identified as a successful, growing company with positive net income. On March 20, 2000, the company announced that it would restate its financial statements for all years since its IPO. This announcement caused its share price to fall 60 percent in one day. The case summarizes management's actions and asks you to identify issues relating to revenue recognition policies under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
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Fraser, Alexander D., Robert A. Massom, Kelvin J. Michael, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, and Jan L. Lieser. "East Antarctic Landfast Sea Ice Distribution and Variability, 2000–08." Journal of Climate 25, no. 4 (February 8, 2012): 1137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-10-05032.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study presents the first continuous, high spatiotemporal resolution time series of landfast sea ice extent along the East Antarctic coast for the period March 2000–December 2008. The time series was derived from consecutive 20-day cloud-free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) composite images. Fast ice extent across the East Antarctic coast shows a statistically significant (1.43% ±0.30% yr−1) increase. Regionally, there is a strong increase in the Indian Ocean sector (20°–90°E, 4.07% ±0.42% yr−1), and a nonsignificant decrease in the western Pacific Ocean sector (90°–160°E, −0.40% ±0.37% yr−1). An apparent shift from a negative to a positive extent trend is observed in the Indian Ocean sector from 2004. This shift also coincides with a greater amount of interannual variability. No such shift in apparent trend is observed in the western Pacific Ocean sector, where fast ice extent is typically higher and variability lower than the Indian Ocean sector. The limit to the maximum fast ice areal extent imposed by the location of grounded icebergs modulates the shape of the mean annual fast ice extent cycle to give a broad maximum and an abrupt, relatively transient minimum. Ten distinct fast ice regimes are identified, related to variations in bathymetry and coastal configuration. Fast ice is observed to form in bays, on the windward side of large grounded icebergs, between groups of smaller grounded icebergs, between promontories, and upwind of coastal features (e.g., glacier tongues). Analysis of the timing of fast ice maxima and minima is also presented and compared with overall sea ice maxima/minima timing.
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Maynard, Ian. "Sport psychology delivery to British sailing: The first 20 years." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 7, no. 2 (September 2011): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2011.7.2.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to outline the nature and content of the sport psychology support programme delivered to the British Olympic and Paralympic sailing team from May 1989 to March 2009. Specifically, I will outline the key objectives that were identified at the beginning of each Olympic cycle. These objectives were used to enhance the relevance of the sport psychology input into the development of the sailors, coaches and indeed the organisational governance of the ‘competition wing’ of the Royal Yachting Association (RYA). The RYA had a poor Olympics in Barcelona in 1992, and the extensive review that followed revealed a number of problems, some of which were obviously underpinned by psychological issues. The two objectives pursued between 1992 and 1996 were ‘mental toughness’ and ‘building the British bubble’. Post Atlanta the focus was on using different types of goals (process, performance and outcome) and the integration of a multi-disciplinary sport science programme into a more inter-disciplinary approach. One of the psychology objectives between 2000 and 2004 was about the development and maintenance of confidence, whilst after Athens it was decided that a more ‘corporate approach’ to the identity and culture of the British sailing team was desired. Between 2004 and 2008 prior to Beijing, ‘succession planning’ for sport psychology was a central objective.
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Zimmerman, E. M., L. G. Jull, and A. M. Shirazi. "Effects of Salinity and Freezing on Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, and Viburnum lantana." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.3.138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl and freezing temperatures on dormant lateral buds of Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple), Tilia cordata Mill. (littleleaf linden), and Viburnum lantana L. (wayfaringtree viburnum). The role of bud morphology was also examined. Buds were exposed to three NaCl concentrations [0, 2000, or 16,000 mg/liter (0, 2000, 16,000 ppm)] and eleven freezing temperatures [4, −4, −8, −12, −16, −20, −24, −28, −32, −36, and −40C (39, 25, 18, 10, 3, −4, −11, −18, −26, −33, −40F)] in November 2001 and January and March 2002. Electrolyte leakage and visual ratings of outer and inner bud tissue browning were used to assess injury. Bud injury generally increased as NaCl concentrations increased and temperatures decreased. Buds exposed to NaCl and freezing temperatures had greater electrolyte leakage than buds exposed to freezing temperatures alone. Norway maple buds had the highest electrolyte leakage, followed by wayfaringtree viburnum, and littleleaf linden in response to freezing temperatures and NaCl. The naked buds of viburnum had significantly more inner tissue browning than the scaled buds of maple and linden in response to freezing temperatures and NaCl in January 2002. Wayfaringtree viburnum exhibited increased tissue injury in response to NaCl and low temperature treatments in March 2002.
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Muckenhuber, S., F. Nilsen, A. Korosov, and S. Sandven. "Sea ice cover in Isfjorden and Hornsund 2000–2014 by using remote sensing." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 4043–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-4043-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A satellite database including 16 555 satellite images and ice charts displaying the area of Isfjorden, Hornsund and the Svalbard region has been established with focus on the time period 2000–2014. 3319 manual interpretations of sea ice conditions have been conducted, resulting in two time series dividing the area of Isfjorden and Hornsund into "Fast ice", "Drift ice" and open "Water". The maximum fast ice coverage of Isfjorden is > 40 % in the periods 2000–2005 and 2009–2011 and stays < 30 % in 2006–2008 and 2012–2014. Fast ice cover in Hornsund reaches > 40 % in all considered years, except for 2012 and 2014, where the maximum stays < 20 %. The mean seasonal cycles of fast ice in Isfjorden and Hornsund show monthly averaged values of less than 1 % between July and November and maxima in March (Isfjorden, 35.7 %) and April (Hornsund, 42.1 %) respectively. A significant reduction of the monthly averaged fast ice coverage is found when comparing the time periods 2000–2005 and 2006–2014. The seasonal maximum decreases from 57.5 to 23.2 % in Isfjorden and from 52.6 to 35.2 % in Hornsund. A new concept, called "days of fast ice coverage" (DFI), is introduced for quantification of the interannual variation of fast ice cover, allowing for comparison between different fjords and winter seasons. Considering the time period from 1 March until end of sea ice season, the mean DFI values for 2000–2014 are 33.1 ± 18.2 DFI (Isfjorden) and 42.9 ± 18.2 DFI (Hornsund). A distinct shift to lower DFI values is observed in 2006. Calculating a mean before and after 2006 yields a decrease from 50 to 22 DFI for Isfjorden and from 56 to 34 DFI for Hornsund.
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Sodemann, H., A. S. Palmer, C. Schwierz, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wernli. "The transport history of two Saharan dust events archived in an Alpine ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 26, 2005): 7497–545. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7497-2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Mineral dust from the Saharan desert can be transported across the Mediterranean towards the Alpine region several times a year. Occasionally, the dust is deposited with snowfall on Alpine glaciers and appears then as yellow or red layers in ice cores. Two such significant dust events were identified in an ice core drilled at the high-accumulation site Piz Zupó in the Swiss Alps (46°22' N, 9°55' E, 3850 m a.s.l.). From stable oxygen isotopes and major ion concentrations, the events were approximately dated as October and March 2000. In order to link the dust record in the ice core to the meteorological situation that led to the dust events, a novel methodology based on back-trajectory analysis was developed. It allowed for the identification of source regions, the atmospheric transport pathways, and wet deposition periods for both dust events. Furthermore, differences in the chemical signature of the two dust events could be interpreted with respect to contributions from the dust sources and aerosol scavenging during the transport. The dust deposition during the October event took place during 13–16 October 2000. Mobilisation areas of dust were mainly identified in the Algerian and Libyan deserts. A combination of an upper-level potential vorticity streamer and a midlevel jet across Algeria first brought moist Atlantic air and later mixed air from the tropics and Saharan desert across the Mediterranean towards the Alps. The March event consisted of two different deposition phases which took place during 18–20 and 23–26 March 2000. The first phase was associated with an exceptional transport pattern past Iceland and towards the Alps from northerly directions. The second phase was similar to the October event. A significant peak of methanesulphonic acid associated with the March dust event was most likely caused by incorporation of biogenic aerosol while passing through the marine boundary layer of the western Mediterranean during a local phytoplankton bloom. From this study, we conclude that the whole sequence of mobilisation, transport, and deposition of mineral aerosol should be considered for a detailed understanding of the chemical signal recorded in the ice core at Piz Zupó.
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Chung, Bok Yae, and Youn Lan Hong. "Effect of Comunication with Mother and Depression to Headache in Children." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2000): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2000.6.3.341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the variables such as communication with mother and depression with regard to headache in headache-suffering children.The study subjects consisted of 315 in 5th&6th grade elementary school children in T city. headache-suffering children mean children experiencing twice or more march. 2. 2000 - July, 20. 2000.The data were analyzed by SAS computer program.The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for communication with mother was 73.74 in headache-free group and 70.42 in headache-suffering group and difference had statistical significance.2. The mean score for depression was 39.43 in headache-free group and 43.03 in headachesuffering group and difference had statistical significance.This study in relation to nursing implies that there is a need to teach mothers to encourage positive communication with children and that to develop depression-reducing program to prevent headache attack in children.
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Gibbins, Goodwin, and Joanna D. Haigh. "Comments on “Global and Regional Entropy Production by Radiation Estimated from Satellite Observations”." Journal of Climate 34, no. 9 (May 2021): 3721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0685.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA recent paper by Kato and Rose reports a negative correlation between the annual mean entropy production rate of the climate and the absorption of solar radiation in the CERES SYN1deg dataset, using the simplifying assumption that the system is steady in time. It is shown here, however, that when the nonsteady interannual storage of entropy is accounted for, the dataset instead implies a positive correlation; that is, global entropy production rates increase with solar absorption. Furthermore, this increase is consistent with the response demonstrated by an energy balance model and a radiative–convective model. To motivate this updated analysis, a detailed discussion of the conceptual relationship between entropy production, entropy storage, and entropy flows is provided. The storage-corrected estimate for the mean global rate of entropy production in the CERES dataset from all irreversible transfer processes is 81.9 mW m−2 K−1 and from only nonradiative processes is 55.2 mW m−2 K−1 (observations from March 2000 to February 2018).
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Chudnovsky, Alexandra, and Alexander Kostinski. "Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examine satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) data during the period 2000–2018 over the Middle East to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollution. We focus on Iraq, where US troops were present for nearly nine years. We begin with a plausibility argument linking anthropogenic influence and AOD signature. We then calculate the percent change in AOD every two years. To pinpoint the causes for changes in AOD on a spatial basis, we distinguish between synoptically “calm” periods and those with vigorous synoptic activity. This was done on high-resolution 10 km AOD retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor (Terra satellite). We found spatiotemporal variability in the intensity of the AOD and its standard deviation along the dust-storm corridor during three studied periods: before Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) (1 March 2000–19 March 2003), during OIF (20 March 2003–1 September 2010), and Operation New Dawn (OND; 1 September 2010–18 December 2011), and after the US troops’ withdrawal (19 December 2011–31 December 2018). Pixels of military camps and bases, major roads and areas of conflict, and their corresponding AOD values, were selected to study possible effects. We found that winter, with its higher frequency of days with synoptically “calm” conditions compared to spring and summer, was the best season to quantitatively estimate the impact of these ground-based sources. Surprisingly, an anthropogenic impact on the AOD signature was also visible during vigorous synoptic activity. Meteorological conditions that favor detection of these effects using space imagery are discussed, where the effects are more salient than in surrounding regions with similar meteorological conditions. This exceeds expectations when considering synoptic variations alone.
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Maguskin, М. А., N. А. Zharinov, and Yu V. Demyanchuk. "Geodesic monitoring of ground deformations at Klyuchevskoy Volcano in 1978–2014, Kamchatka." Вулканология и сейсмология, no. 5 (August 15, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203-0306201953-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Measured values are given - slant distances and elevations between geodetic marks on the northeast slope of Klyuchevskaya volcano for 1978–2014. As a rule, a rise was observed before the secondary and summit eruptions, and the end of the eruptions was accompanied by the lowering of the volcano slope. According to the longest series of observations of vertical displacements from 1979 to 2014. on the “Kirgurich” radial profile, the rise of the volcano slope is determined to increase as it approaches its crater. The maximum displacements occurred two years before the start of the “Predskazannuy” side breakthrough in 1983, and before the summit eruptions of 2003–2004 and 2007. At a distance of 27 km from the crater of the volcano, the vertical displacements become insignificant. It is shown that points located at altitudes from 2000 meters to 3000 meters are subject to deep creep, i.e. sliding down. The displacement rates of such points reached 5–20 cm/year. Significant horizontal displacements of geodetic points occurred near incidental breaks on March 6, 1980 and March 8, 1983. From 1989–1993. until 2014, reductions of all lengths of lines from 5 to 20 mm were observed, which indicated compression of the northeast slope of Klyuchevskaya volcano.
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Kohnemann, Svenja H. E., Günther Heinemann, David H. Bromwich, and Oliver Gutjahr. "Extreme Warming in the Kara Sea and Barents Sea during the Winter Period 2000–16." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (November 2017): 8913–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0693.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The regional climate model COSMO in Climate Limited-Area Mode (COSMO-CLM or CCLM) is used with a high resolution of 15 km for the entire Arctic for all winters 2002/03–2014/15. The simulations show a high spatial and temporal variability of the recent 2-m air temperature increase in the Arctic. The maximum warming occurs north of Novaya Zemlya in the Kara Sea and Barents Sea between March 2003 and 2012 and is responsible for up to a 20°C increase. Land-based observations confirm the increase but do not cover the maximum regions that are located over the ocean and sea ice. Also, the 30-km version of the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) is used to verify the CCLM for the overlapping time period 2002/03–2011/12. The differences between CCLM and ASR 2-m air temperatures vary slightly within 1°C for the ocean and sea ice area. Thus, ASR captures the extreme warming as well. The monthly 2-m air temperatures of observations and ERA-Interim data show a large variability for the winters 1979–2016. Nevertheless, the air temperature rise since the beginning of the twenty-first century is up to 8 times higher than in the decades before. The sea ice decrease is identified as the likely reason for the warming. The vertical temperature profiles show that the warming has a maximum near the surface, but a 0.5°C yr−1 increase is found up to 2 km. CCLM, ASR, and also the coarser resolved ERA-Interim data show that February and March are the months with the highest 2-m air temperature increases, averaged over the ocean and sea ice area north of 70°N; for CCLM the warming amounts to an average of almost 5°C for 2002/03–2011/12.
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Wang, Feng, Minghui Qi, Shuxin Ren, Mengjie Zhu, Qianlong Xing, Mengqiang Wang, Hongquan Song, Qianfeng Wang, and Pengfei Liu. "Effects of Spring Dust Aerosols on Direct Radiative Forcing in China from 2000 to 2020." Remote Sensing 15, no. 18 (September 16, 2023): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to understand the mechanism of dust aerosol influence on regional climate change, it is crucial to quantify the radiative forcing effect of dust aerosols. However, studies on the direct radiative forcing of dust aerosols over long time series in China are still lacking. The direct radiative forcing effect of dust aerosols in China over the past 20 years was simulated and evaluated based on the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry) model in conjunction with remote sensing satellites and ground-based observations. The results showed that dust aerosols exhibited an obvious inter-annual positive radiative forcing effect (about 0.38 W m−2) on net radiation at the top of the atmosphere, mainly in northwest China and the North China Plain, while at the atmosphere dust aerosols presented negative radiative forcing effects on shortwave radiation and positive effects on longwave radiation, with a value of 1.54 W m−2 of net radiative forcing, showing a warming effect. Dust aerosols have a net radiative forcing value of −1.16 W m−2 at the surface, indicating a cooling effect, with a positive forcing effect on longwave radiation and a negative forcing effect on shortwave radiation, both of which coincide with the geographical distribution of dust aerosol concentrations. In terms of inter-monthly variations, at both the atmosphere and top of the atmosphere, the dust aerosols net radiative forcing values showed an increasing trend, with March (−0.20 W m−2 and 0.68 W m−2) < April (0.48 W m−2 and 1.44 W m−2) < May (0.94 W m−2 and 2.42 W m−2). Meanwhile, at the surface, the dust aerosols net radiative forcing values displayed a decreasing trend, with March (−0.88 W m−2) > April (−0.96 W m−2) > May (−1.48 W m−2).
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H. A-Ardi, Musafer. "Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 20–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/09.01.2022/20-44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Toxoplasma infection during childhood may cause severe effects for children and their offspring. Here, we initiated a systematic review to estimate the global prevalence of toxoplasmosis. All databases were searched for publications published between January 2000 and March 2021, including studies on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in children (1 day-15 years). The overall prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis was evaluated with a 95% CI in global and WHO regions. Toxoplasmosis prevalence and the population size were analysed using linear regression to arrive at this conclusion. As a result, 63 articles included 29342 children from 18 countries in the systematic analysis. The total prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis in children was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.195 – 0.204%). The African region had the highest prevalence rate of 0.28% (95% CI: 0.5-0.55%), while the South American and US regions had the lowest at 0.166% (95% CI: 0.01-0.33%). The prevalence rate among children is very high. Further examination and investigation of the parasite among children is required to reduce the occurrence of new infections or prevent complications of the disease.
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Park, R. F., H. S. Bariana, C. R. Wellings, and H. Wallwork. "Detection and occurrence of a new pathotype of Puccinia triticina with virulence for Lr24 in Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 9 (2002): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 remained effective in Australia from at least 1983, when the first wheat cultivar with this gene was released, until 2000, when a virulent isolate of Puccinia triticina was detected. Results of comparative greenhouse studies were consistent with the hypothesis that the new virulent isolate developed from pathotype 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11 by mutation to virulence for Lr24. The new pathotype was first detected in South Australia (October 2000), and was subsequently detected in southern New South Wales (November 2000), Victoria (March 2001), and Queensland (March 2001), suggesting that it originated in South Australia and then spread to other parts of the eastern Australian wheatbelt. Greenhouse tests of 28 Australian wheat cultivars possessing Lr24 revealed that all except Dennis, Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were seedling susceptible to the new pathotype. Cultivars Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were postulated to carry Lr13, whereas cv. Dennis carries either Lr17b or Lr13. Adult plant field tests of 20 cultivars with Lr24 conducted during 2001 confirmed the resistance of Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98, whereas all other cultivars tested were either moderately resistant to moderately susceptible or susceptible to the new pathotype. Given that some of these cultivars appear to possess Lr34, and that the expression of this gene is influenced by temperature and other environmental factors, further field testing under different seasonal conditions will provide a more accurate indication of their response. Cultivars with Lr37 or Lr13 in combination with Lr1 or Lr2a remain effective to all known pathotypes of P. triticina in Australia. Several new sources of resistance to P. triticina that are effective to Australian pathotypes are currently being evaluated, along with additive adult plant resistances. These sources should provide a greater diversity of resistance to this pathogen in future Australian wheat cultivars.
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Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, JULIANA TORRES, and Lisia Monica de Souza Gestinari. "Composition and Distribution of Deep Water Macroalgae Species from the Continental Shelf of Sergipe State, Brazil." Phytotaxa 190, no. 1 (December 24, 2014): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.190.1.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the deep-water flora of the continental shelf in Sergipe State, Brazil located between 10º36’08’’ – 11º21’07’’S and 36º28’10’’ – 37º13’47’’W. The samples were collected by dragging at 18 sampling sites, between 10 to 30 m depth, from May 1999 to March 2000. A total of 91 taxa of marine benthic macroalgae were identified (56 Rhodophyta, 20 Heterokontophyta and 15 Chlorophyta). Forty-seven (47) of these are new occurrences for Sergipe flora. Rhodophyta dominated, accounting for 61% of the total species collected, with the order Ceramiales having the highest number of species present (39.55%), followed by Heterokontophyta (23%), mostly represented by Dictyotales (65%). Finally, 15 Chlorophyta taxa were found (16%), mainly composed of Bryopsidales (53%).
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Lin, Jih-wen. "Institutionalized Uncertainty and Governance Crisis in Posthegemonic Taiwan." Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 3 (December 2003): 433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800001594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
March 20, 2000, constituted a milestone in Taiwan's modern political history. That day its electorate chose as president Chen Shui-bian, the candidate of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) who had been defamed as an antistate rebel only a decade before. The election also marked the end of the forty-year-plus hegemony of the Kuomintang (KMT, or Nationalists). That the DPP ascended to the island's supreme political office in spite of its rival's powerful organizational and economic arsenal suggested that the rules of the democratic electoral game finally took root in society, respected by all major political players to produce a peaceful and orderly regime change. Taiwan joined the club of consolidated democracies, so declared many observers.
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Noh, Ilseok, Hae-Won Doh, Soo-Ock Kim, Su-Hyun Kim, Seoleun Shin, and Seung-Jae Lee. "Machine Learning-Based Hourly Frost-Prediction System Optimized for Orchards Using Automatic Weather Station and Digital Camera Image Data." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spring frosts damage crops that have weakened freezing resistance after germination. We developed a machine learning (ML)-based frost-classification model and optimized it for orchard farming environments. First, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine models were trained using balanced Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) frost observation data for March from the last 10 years (2008–2017). Random forest and support vector machine models showed good classification performance and were selected as the main techniques, which were optimized for orchard fields based on initial frost occurrence times. The training period was then extended to March–April for 20 years (2000–2019). Finally, the model was applied to the KMA ASOS frost observation data from March to April 2020, which were not used in the previous steps, and RGB data were extracted by digital cameras installed in an orchard in Gyeonggi-do. The developed model successfully classified 117 of 139 frost observation cases from the domestic ASOS data and 35 of 37 orchard camera observations. The assumption of the initial frost occurrence time for training helped the most in improving the frost-classification model. These results clearly indicate that the frost-classification model using ML has applicable accuracy in orchard farming.
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Ishaya, S., and Farida Musa. "Impact of Local Climate Variability on Cholera Outbreaks in Bida Metropolis of Niger State, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 4a (January 12, 2024): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study assessed local climate variability effects on cholera outbreaks in Bida Metropolis and the environs of Niger State. Bida Metropolis and Environs were purposively sampled. Climatic data (Rainfall and Temperature) of Bida and Environs between the years 2000 to 2020 were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), while cases of reported cholera were collected from Umaru Saad General Hospital and Federal Medical Center Bida. Regression analysis of the collected data reveals that there is positive relationship between rainfall and cholera cases with an Fvalue of 0.637. This implies that, more cholera cases were reported during the period of high rainfall. However, there is no positive relationship between temperature and cholera cases with a t-value of 0.987. A two-factor regression analysis of the data reveals there is no significant relationship between the climatic elements combined (rainfall and temperature) and cholera cases. Most of the cases of cholera were reported at the beginning of the rainy season between March and April while the cases of cholera were low during the dry season. The study recommended that the government needs to enlighten the people on the need for adequate environmental sanitation with a high level of consciousness at the beginning of the rainy season of the relationship between climatic elements and cholera incidences. There is a need for the people to be enlightened about climate variability, its effects and the means of mitigating or moderating its impact in order to reduce the influence of climate on cholera outbreak.
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Merz, C., and J. Steidl. "Long-term geochemical and hydraulic measurements in a characteristic confined/unconfined aquifer system of the younger Pleistocene in northeast Germany." Earth System Science Data Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-113-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The paper presents a data base of hydrochemical and hydraulic groundwater measurements of a younger Pleistocene multilayered, unconfined/confined aquifer system in NE Germany. The Institute of Landscape Hydrology of the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e. V. operates seven groundwater monitoring wells in the Quillow catchment located in the Uckermark region (Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany). From July 2000 to March 2014, water samples were collected periodically on different days of the year and at depths between 3 and 5 m (shallow wells) and 20 and 25 m (deeper wells) below the surface. The parameters pH value, redox potential, electric conductivity, water temperature, oxygen content, spectral absorption coefficient and concentration of hydrogen carbonate, ammonium, phosphate, chloride, bromite, nitrite, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcite, dissolved organic carbon, iron(II) and manganese were determined for each sample (doi:10.4228/ZALF.2000.266). The measurements, taken over a period of 14 years, include a high variation of hydraulic situations represented by a corresponding database of detected groundwater heads. The hydraulic head was measured between 2000 and 2014 (doi:10.4228/ZALF.2000.272).
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Armanda, Armanda, Mubarak Mubarak, and Elizal Elizal. "ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER CHANGES IN MANGROVE VEGETATION USING LANDSAT IMAGE DATA IN COASTAL, SUNGAI APIT DISTRICT, SIAK REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.4.2.154-162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was conducted in March-April 2021 in the Coastal District of Sungai Apit, Siak Regency, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the land cover area of mangrove vegetation and mangrove vegetation index in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. The method used in this study is a survey method with the interpretation of Landsat image data recorded in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020. The results of the study obtained that mangrove forests with the highest area were in 2000 with an area of mangrove vegetation reaching 7990,586 ha and there was a decline with the lowest number in 2015 with a vegetation area of 486,43 ha and in 2020 the mangrove vegetation area of 497,511 ha. Overall as much as 79% of the mangrove forest area has been damaged and changed its function within a period of 20 years. The NDVI value in Sungai Apit District is moderate with a value of 0,3-0,5, the category of meeting with a value of 0,5-0,6, and the very dense category of 0,6-0,8
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Thomas, W. John. "The Vioxx Story: Would it Have Ended Differently in the European Union?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 32, no. 2-3 (June 2006): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880603200210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rise and fall of the pain-killer Vioxx is one of the most remarkable marketing stories in pharmaceutical history. A true riches to rags tale, its events unfolded with lightning speed in an industry defined by lethargy.On May 20, 1999, the Merck Company secured FDA approval of Vioxx for the management of acute pain in adults and for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis. From that date through August 2004, 105 million Vioxx prescriptions were filled in the US and an undetermined number were filled outside the US. In 2003 alone, Merck's worldwide Vioxx sales totaled $2.5 billion.The fall happened even more quickly than the rise. In March 2000, Merck published a study raising the specter of cardiovascular problems associated with taking Vioxx. In November 2000, The New England Journal of Medicine published a study raising similar concerns. In February 2001, an FDA advisory panel became sufficiently concerned about the association of Vioxx and cardiovascular events that it advised the FDA to require a label warning about the possible link.
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Muckenhuber, S., F. Nilsen, A. Korosov, and S. Sandven. "Sea ice cover in Isfjorden and Hornsund, Svalbard (2000–2014) from remote sensing data." Cryosphere 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-149-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A satellite database including 16 555 satellite images and ice charts displaying the area of Isfjorden, Hornsund, and the Svalbard region has been established with focus on the time period 2000–2014. 3319 manual interpretations of sea ice conditions have been conducted, resulting in two time series dividing the area of Isfjorden and Hornsund into "fast ice" (sea ice attached to the coastline), "drift ice", and "open water". The maximum fast ice coverage of Isfjorden is > 40 % in the periods 2000–2005 and 2009–2011 and stays < 30 % in 2006–2008 and 2012–2014. Fast ice cover in Hornsund reaches > 40 % in all considered years, except for 2012 and 2014, where the maximum stays < 20 %. The mean seasonal cycles of fast ice in Isfjorden and Hornsund show monthly averaged values of less than 1 % between July and November and maxima in March (Isfjorden, 35.7 %) and April (Hornsund, 42.1 %), respectively. A significant reduction of the monthly averaged fast ice coverage is found when comparing the time periods 2000–2005 and 2006–2014. The seasonal maximum decreases from 57.5 to 23.2 % in Isfjorden and from 52.6 to 35.2 % in Hornsund. A new index, called "days of fast ice" (DFI), is introduced for quantification of the interannual variation of fast ice cover, allowing for comparison between different fjords and winter seasons. Considering the time period from 1 March until end of the sea ice season, the mean DFI values for 2000–2014 are 33.1 ± 18.2 DFI (Isfjorden) and 42.9 ± 18.2 DFI (Hornsund). A distinct shift to lower DFI values is observed in 2006. Calculating a mean before and after 2006 yields a decrease from 50 to 22 DFI for Isfjorden and from 56 to 34 DFI for Hornsund. Fast ice coverage generally correlates well with remote-sensing sea surface temperature and in situ air temperature. An increase of autumn ocean heat content is observed during the last few years when the DFI values decrease. The presented sea ice time series can be utilized for various climate effect studies linked to, e.g. glacier dynamics, ocean chemistry, and marine biology.
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Whelan, T. J., I. Olivotto, I. Ackerman, J. W. Chapman, B. Chua, A. Nabid, K. A. Vallis, et al. "NCIC-CTG MA.20: An intergroup trial of regional nodal irradiation in early breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2011): LBA1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.18_suppl.lba1003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
LBA1003 Background: Randomized trials have demonstrated that locoregional radiation after mastectomy reduces locoregional recurrence and improves overall survival (OS) in women with node positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant systemic therapy. MA.20 evaluated the addition of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) to whole breast irradiation (WBI) following breast conserving surgery (BCS). Methods: Women with high risk node-negative or node-positive breast cancer treated with BCS and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy were stratified by positive nodes, axillary nodes removed, chemo- and endocrine therapy and randomized to WBI (50Gy in 25 fractions +/- boost irradiation) or WBI plus RNI (45Gy in 25 fractions) to the internal mammary, supraclavicular, and high axillary lymph nodes. The primary outcome was OS. The Data Safety Monitoring Committee approved the analysis plan for the protocol specified interim analysis of relapse patterns, survival and toxicity at 5 years. Upon review of the data, they recommended release of the results. Results: Between March 2000 to March 2007, 1,832 women were randomly assigned to WBI+RNI (916) or WBI (916). Median follow-up was 62 months. Characteristics of the study population were: mean age, 53.3 years; node negative, 10%; 1-3 positive nodes, 85%; > 4 positive nodes, 5%; adjuvant chemotherapy, 91%; and adjuvant endocrine therapy, 71%. WBI+RNI in comparison to WBI alone was associated with an improvement in isolated locoregional disease free survival (DFS; HR=.59, p=.02, 5 year risk: 96.8% and 94.5% respectively), distant DFS (HR=.64, p=.002, 5 year risk: 92.4% and 87.0% respectively), DFS (HR=.68, p=.003, 5 year risk: 89.7% and 84.0% respectively) and OS (HR=.76, p=.07, 5 year risk: 92.3% and 90.7% respectively). WBI+RNI in comparison to WBI was associated with an increase in grade 2 or greater pneumonitis (1.3% and 0.2% respectively, p=.01), and lymphedema (7.3% and 4.1% respectively, p=.004). Conclusions: The majority of women with node positive breast cancer are now managed by BCS followed by WBI and adjuvant systemic therapy. Results from MA.20 demonstrate that additional RNI reduces the risk of locoregional and distant recurrence, and improves DFS with a trend in improved OS.
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Cramer, Richard. "Abandoning the Spouse, Abandoning the House? Abandonment of Co-Ownership Shares in Immovable Property [Discussion of M V M (10751/2000) [2020] ZAGPPHC 155 (20 March 2020)]." Stellenbosch Law Review 2022, no. 3 (2022): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/2022/i3a10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The case of M v M (10751/2000) [2020] ZAGPPHC 155 (20 March 2020) (“M v M”) is novel in its finding that the abandonment of immovable property is possible in South African law. It is also novel in finding that the requisite intention to abandon a co-ownership share in immovable property could be inferred from the facts of the case. Past case law concerning the abandonment of immovable property always failed to make a finding of abandonment as the requisite intention could never be established. This approach was consistent with our courts’ unwillingness to infer an intention to abandon valuable property in the absence of clear intention to do so. This case note seeks to critique the decision of the court in M v M in light of a legal framework in which the abandonment of landownership does not appear possible given the principle of publicity. It further seeks to ask if there were other avenues available to the court to reach what was an undeniably just outcome on the set of facts before the court.
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Pate, M. C., J. K. Pataky, W. C. Houghton, and R. H. Teyker. "First Report of Puccinia sorghi Virulent on Sweet Corn with the Rp1-D Gene in Florida and Texas." Plant Disease 84, no. 10 (October 2000): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.10.1154a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the past 15 years, the Rp1-D gene has controlled common rust on sweet corn in North America. In August and September 1999, isolates of Puccinia sorghi were collected from Rp1-D sweet corn hybrids in Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and New York. This was the first widespread occurrence in the continental United States of P. sorghi virulent on the Rp1-D gene (1). Isolates of P. sorghi collected from Los Mochis, Mexico, in March 2000 had a pattern of virulence similar to the pattern for the isolates collected in the Midwest in 1999 (2). In April and May 2000, small uredinia were observed on Rp1-D sweet corn in Florida and Texas. In Florida, isolates were collected from six different locations within a 13-km radius near Belle Glade. Three isolates were collected each from Rp1-D and non-Rp sweet corn hybrids. Isolates also were collected from two Rp1-D sweet corn hybrids and a non-Rp sweet corn hybrid near Hondo, TX. Inocula of isolates were increased through one uredinial generation in the greenhouse. Several 1-cm2 pieces of leaf tissue with sporulating uredinia were placed in 15 ml of a solution of water and Tween 20. This inoculum was placed in whorls of five two-leaved seedlings of a susceptible hybrid, ‘Primetime.’ Urediniospores from newly formed uredinia were collected 10 days later and used as inocula to assay each isolate. Two isolates from Florida (one each from an Rp1-D and a non-Rp hybrid) were assayed on a non-Rp susceptible check, 20 different single Rp genes, and nine compound Rp genes. Other isolates were assayed on two replicates of a non-Rp susceptible check, a source of Rp1-D, and five single Rp genes that were effective against the isolates collected from the Midwest in 1999 and from Mexico in 2000. Each experimental unit consisted of five plants grown in 10-cm-diameter pots. Plants at the two-leaf stage were inoculated three times within 5 days by filling whorls with a urediniospore suspension. Rust reactions were rated 10 days after the final inoculation. Isolates collected in Florida from non-Rp hybrids were avirulent on Rp1-D but those collected in Texas from non-Rp hybrids were virulent on Rp1-D. Isolates collected in Florida and Texas from Rp1-D hybrids had a similar pattern of virulence as isolates collected from the Midwest in 1999 and from Mexico in March 2000; that is, effective single Rp genes included Rp1-E, Rp-G, Rp1-I, and Rp1-K. A source that we previously believed was Rp1-L now appears to be Rp-G. These are the first reports from Florida and Texas of P. sorghi virulent on Rp1-D, and they are the first occurrences of virulence against Rp1-D in the continental U.S. in 2000. Apparently, P. sorghi with virulence against Rp1-D has become established in an area where common rust inocula for North America overwinters. References: (1) J. K. Pataky and W. F. Tracy. Plant Dis. 83:1177, 1999. (2) J. K. Pataky et al. Plant Dis. 84:810, 2000.
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Khalid, Ayesha, Lisa A. Clough, R. C. Andrew Symons, Jonathan D. Mahnken, Lei Dong, and Albert J. Eid. "Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Ocular Candidiasis in Patients withCandidaFungemia." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and the predictors of ocular candidiasis among patient withCandidafungemia.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients diagnosed with candidemia at the University of Kansas Medical Center during February 2000–March 2010. Data regarding patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and ophthalmology examination findings were collected.Results. A total of 283 patients with candidemia were enrolled. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 55 ± 18 years; 66% were male. The most commonly isolatedCandidaspecies wereC. albicans(54%),C. parapsilosis(20%),C. glabrata(13%), andC. tropicalis(8%). Only 144 (51%) patients were evaluated by ophthalmology; however, the proportion of patients who were formally evaluated by an ophthalmologist increased during the study period (9%in 2000 up to 73%in 2010;P<0.0001). Evidence of ocular candidiasis was present in 18 (12.5%) patients. Visual symptoms were reported by 5 of 18 (28%) patients. In multivariable analysis, no predictors of ocular candidiasis were identified.Conclusions. The incidence of ocular candidiasis among patients with fungemia remains elevated. Most patients are asymptomatic and therefore all patients with candidemia should undergo fundoscopic examination to rule out ocular involvement.
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Kusunoki, Shoji, and Osamu Arakawa. "Are CMIP5 Models Better than CMIP3 Models in Simulating Precipitation over East Asia?" Journal of Climate 28, no. 14 (July 13, 2015): 5601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00585.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The performance of climate models participating in phases 5 and 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP3, respectively) is evaluated and compared with respect to precipitation over East Asia (20°–50°N, 110°–150°E). The target period covers the 20 years from 1981 through 2000. The CMIP5 and CMIP3 models underestimate precipitation amounts over East Asia in the warmer season (May–September), while they overestimate precipitation amounts in the colder season (October–April). Both sets of models have some difficulty in simulating the seasonal march of the rainy season over China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and they also underestimate the precipitation intensity over East Asia. Nevertheless, the CMIP5 models show a higher reproducibility of precipitation over East Asia than the CMIP3 models with respect to the geographical distribution of precipitation throughout the year, seasonal march of the rainy season, and extreme precipitation events. Models with a higher reproducibility of annual precipitation tend to show a higher reproducibility of precipitation intensity for both the CMIP5 and CMIP3 models. Correlation analysis using all of the CMIP5 and CMIP3 models reveals that models with higher horizontal resolution tend to perform better than those with a lower resolution. The advantage of the CMIP5 models over the CMIP3 models in the simulation of the East Asian climate can be partly attributed to the improved representation of the west Pacific subtropical high in the CMIP5 models, especially during the summer.
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Lee, Sung Hee. "Effect of Aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2000): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2000.6.3.372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the differences in the effect of aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution.The subjects were fifty-three nursing students experiencing clinical practice from March 10th, 2000 to April 22th, 2000.For experiment, researcher used inhalation of 2% grapeseed oil mixed with Rosemary oil for 2 minutes and massage with same oil for 20 minutes on the back of subjects in the speed of 20 strokes per minutes.The instruments used for this study were Questionaire of Sasang Constitution Class II program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al., (1996), and Mood Questionaire developed by Ryman, Biersner, & Larocco (1974). The concentration of IgA within saliva was analyzed by immunoturbidimeter assay.The data were analyzed using SPSS and hypotheses were examined with paired t-test and ANCOVA.The results were as follows: 1) The mean score of mood was increased significantly after aromatherapy.2) The mean concentration of salivary IgA was increased significantly after aroma therapy.3) There was no significant difference in the mean score of mood after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution.4) There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of salivary IgA after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution.In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy with Rosemary oil have effect on the improvement of mood and IgA within saliva in the nursing students under stress caused by clinical practice regardless of the type of Sasang constitution.
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Lee, Jia-De, Tsyr-Huei Chiou, Hong-Jie Zhang, How-Ran Chao, Kuang-Yu Chen, Yan-You Gou, Chien-Er Huang, Sheng-Lun Lin, and Lin-Chi Wang. "Persistent Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Deep-Water-Deposited Particulates from South China Sea." Toxics 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120968.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
POP data are limited in the marine environment; thus, this study aimed to investigate background persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particulates in the South China Sea (SCS). Six POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), were investigated in eight pooled samples from the SCS from 20 September 2013 to 23 March 2014 and 15 April 2014 to 24 October 2014 at depths of 2000 m and 3500 m. PBDEs were the most predominant compounds, with the highest mean Σ14PBDE of 125 ± 114 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), followed by Σ17PCDD/F, Σ12PBDD/F, and Σ12DL-PCB (275 ± 1930, 253 ± 216, and 116 ± 166 pg/g d.w., respectively). Most PBDD/F, PBB, and PCDE congeners were below the detection limits. PCDDs had the highest toxic equivalency (TEQ), followed by PBDDs and DL-PCBs. Among the six POPs, PBDEs were the major components of the marine-deposited particles, regarding both concentrations and mass fluxes. Compared to 3500 m, PBDE levels were higher at a depth of 2000 m. PBDE mass fluxes were 20.9 and 14.2 ng/m2/day or 68.2 and 75.9 ng/m2/year at deep-water 2000 and 3500 m, respectively. This study first investigated POP levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particles from existing global data.
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Chen, Xiaona, Yaping Yang, and Cong Yin. "Contribution of Changes in Snow Cover Extent to Shortwave Radiation Perturbations at the Top of the Atmosphere over the Northern Hemisphere during 2000–2019." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 4938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Snow-induced radiative forcing (SnRF), defined as the instantaneous perturbation of the Earth’s shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), results from variations in the terrestrial snow cover extent (SCE), and is critical for the regulation of the Earth’s energy budget. However, with the growing seasonal divergence of SCE over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in the past two decades, novel insights pertaining to SnRF are lacking. Consequently, the contribution of SnRF to TOA shortwave radiation anomalies still remains unclear. Utilizing the latest datasets of snow cover, surface albedo, and albedo radiative kernels, this study investigated the distribution of SnRF over the NH and explored its changes from 2000 to 2019. The 20-year averaged annual mean SnRF in the NH was −1.13 ± 0.05 W m−2, with a weakening trend of 0.0047 Wm−2 yr−1 (p < 0.01) during 2000–2019, indicating that an extra 0.094 W m−2 of shortwave radiation was absorbed by the Earth climate system. Moreover, changes in SnRF were highly correlated with satellite-observed TOA shortwave flux anomalies (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) during 2000–2019. Additionally, a detailed contribution analysis revealed that the SnRF in snow accumulation months, from March to May, accounted for 58.10% of the annual mean SnRF variability across the NH. These results can assist in providing a better understanding of the role of snow cover in Earth’s climate system in the context of climate change. Although the rapid SCE decline over the NH has a hiatus for the period during 2000–2019, SnRF continues to follow a weakening trend. Therefore, this should be taken into consideration in current climate change models and future climate projections.
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Hernández-Trujillo, Sergio, Gabriela Esqueda-Escárcega, and Ricardo Palomares-García. "Zooplankton abundance variability in Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico (1997-2001)." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 38, no. 3 (November 17, 2011): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol38-issue3-fulltext-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zooplankton were studied from 16 oceanographic surveys carried out in Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, between August 1997 and March 2001. Twenty-six taxonomic groups were identified, the most abundant and frequent of which were copepods and chaetognaths. In 2000-2001, the number of zooplankton groups tended to decrease by 10 to 20. Both zooplankton biomass and copepod abundance declined, unlike chaetognaths, which increased slightly. Fluctuations in zooplankton abundance were independent of the chlorophyll-a concentration, whereas the maximum zooplankton abundances were associated with changes in the sea surface temperature. The seasonal zooplankton abundance cycle in Magdalena Bay indicated that, in winter, the averaged was than 65,000 ind 100 m-3, a value that increased to more than 99,000 ind 100 m-3 in spring, remained around 100,000 ind 100 m-3 in summer, and decreased rapidly to nearly 40,000 ind 100 m-3 in autumn.
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.
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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minister Hun Sen hailed the first extraction as “a new achievement for Cambodia’s economy” and “a huge gift for our nation.” Ironbark Australian Exploration Well Declared Dry; Co-Owner Stocks Plummet BP has come up dry at its Ironbark-1 exploration well, the anticipated multi-trillion-scf prospect off the west Australian Pilbara coast. The disappointing prospect was once seen as a potential gas supplier to the emptying North West Shelf (NWS) LNG plant, where BP is a co-owner, within 5 to 10 years. After 2 months of drilling to a total depth of 5618 m, “no significant hydrocarbon shows were encountered in any of the target sands,” according to co-owner New Zealand Oil and Gas (NZOG). Petrorecôncavo Buys Petrobras’ Onshore Bahian Stake for $30 Million Brazilian operator Petrobras on 23 December signed a contract with independent producer Petrorecôncavo to sell its entire stake in 12 onshore E&P fields, the Remanso Cluster, in the state of Bahia. The sale value for the fields was $30 million; $4 million was paid on signing, $21 million at the closing of the transaction, and $5 million will be paid 1 year after that. The Remanso Cluster comprises the onshore fields of Brejinho, Canabrava, Cassarongongo, Fazenda Belém, Gomo, Mata de São João, Norte Fazenda Caruaçu, Remanso, Rio dos Ovos, Rio Subaúma, São Pedro, and Sesmaria. Zion Spuds the Israeli Megiddo-Jezreel #2 Well On 6 January, Zion Oil and Gas officially spudded the MegiddoJezreel #2 on its 99,000acre MegiddoJezreel license area in Israel. “With unique operating conditions in the COVID19 environment, our crews have performed an amazing task,” Zion CEO Robert Dunn said. “Mobilizing a rig into a new country during a pandemic and rigging up is the most challenging part of the drilling operation,” Zion’s vice president of operations, Monty Kness, added. Exxon Declares a Dud at Second Guyana Well Exxon Mobil said on 15 January that its exploration well in the prolific Stabroek Block off Guyana’s coast did not find oil in its target area. Exxon, which operates the Stabroek Block in a consortium with Hess and China’s CNOOC, has made 18 discoveries in the area in 5 years, totaling more than 8 billion BOE, for a combined potential for producing up to 750,000 B/D of crude. The Hassa1 exploration well was the giant’s second setback to its drilling campaign in recent months. Heirs Holdings Buys 45% of Shell Nigeria’s OML 17 Field Shell Nigeria announced on 15 January it had completed a $533 million sale of its stakes in an onshore OML 17 oil field in Nigeria to African strategic investor Heirs Holdings, Nigeria’s largest publicly listed conglomerate. The deal is one of the largest oil and gas financings in Africa in more than a decade, with a financing component of $1.1 billion provided by a consortium of global and regional banks and investors. Heirs Holdings, in partnership with Transcorp, one of the largest power producers in Nigeria with 2000 MW of installed capacity, purchased 45% stake in the field. It acquired the stakes of Shell, Total, and Eni to further its expansion into the oil and gas industry. Apex Discovers Oil in Egypt’s Western Desert Privately held independent E&P firm Apex International Energy, backed in part by UK energy investment firm Blue Water Energy, on 18 January announced a discovery in the Southeast Meleiha Concession (SEM) in the western desert of Egypt. The discovery was made at the SEMZ-11X well located 10 km west of Zarif field, the nearest producing field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 5,700 ft and encountered 65 ft of oil pay in the Cretaceous sandstones of the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations. Testing of the Bahariya resulted in a peak rate of 2,100 B/D with no water. Additional uphole pay exists in the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations that can be added to the production stream in the future. Kosmos Announces Oil at Winterfell Well Dallas-based E&P independent Kosmos Energy announced on 19 January an oil discovery in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The Winterfell discovery well, the product of infrastructure-led exploration (ILX), was drilled to a total depth of approximately 23,000 ft and is located in approximately 5,300 ft of water. This subsalt Upper Miocene prospect in off-shore Louisiana encountered approximately 85 ft of net oil pay in two intervals. ILX exploration, which has featured prominently in upstream operators’ portfolios in recent years of relatively low oil prices, is exploration around producing hubs that can be hooked up to those facilities easily and cheaply. The development sidesteps the need for costly and time-consuming individual hub construction. Equinor Gets Permit To Drill North Sea Wildcat Well The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted Equinor a drilling permit for wildcat well 31/11-1 S in the North Sea offshore Norway, 62 km south of the Troll field. The drilling program is the first exploration well to be drilled in production license 785 S, awarded on 6 February 2015 (APA 2014). Operator Equinor and Total E&P Norge are 50/50 partners in the license, which consists of parts of Blocks 26/2 and 31/11. Petrobras, ExxonMobil Hit Hydrocarbons at Urissanê Well, Offshore Brazil Brazilian state-owned Petrobras announced on 29 January it had discovered hydrocarbons in a well located in the Campos Basin presalt off Brazil’s coast of Campos dos Gotyacaze in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Well 1-BRSA-1377-RJS (informally called Urissanê) is located in Block C-M-411, at a depth of 2950 m approximately 200 km offshore. Petrobras, which operates the block in a 50/50 partnership with Exxon Mobil, said it would analyze the well data to better target exploratory activities and assess the potential of the discovery. BP Offloads 20% Share of Oman’s Block 61 To PTTEP Marking another significant step in its divestment program, BP will sell a 20% participating interest in Oman’s 3950 km2 Block 61 in central Oman to Thailand’s national PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) for $2.59 billion. BP will remain operator of the block, holding a 40% interest. The sale comprises $2.45 billion payable on completion and $140 million payable contingent on preagreed conditions. After the sale, BP will hold 40% interest in Block 61, while OQ holds 30%, PTTEP 20%, and Petronas 10%. Block 61 contains the largest tight gas development in the Middle East.
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Pigniczki, Csaba, Tamás Nagy, János Oláh, Gergő Gábor Nagy, Zsolt Karcza, and András Schmidt. "Breeding, dispersal, migration and conservation of the Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) in Hungary." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Black-winged Stilt was the bird of the year in Hungary in 2019. The population of the species increased from 20–25 breeding pairs to 550–680 pairs from 1980s to the present. 75–85% of the Hungarian population bred on effluent pools for pigs and settling pools at sugar beet factories in the first half of 1990s. There were significantly more breeding pairs in Hungary in 1999 compared to previous years, and finally 871 breeding pairs of Black-winged Stilts were documented in 2000 and the Hungarian population was estimated at 940–960 pairs. There were 550–680 breeding pairs in Hungary between 2015 and 2017. Significantly more clutches had more than five eggs in the sampled colonies during the influx in 2000 than in the egg collections before 1971 or in the sampled colony in 2008 as well. First arrivals reached Hungary between 5 and 20 March (median: 15 March) between 2005 and 2019. These arrival dates fall approximately a month earlier than the former arrival dates in mid-April during the 1980s. 470 Black-winged Stilts were observed in a single flock during post-breeding dispersal, this flock was the largest ever documented in Hungary. Stilts left Hungary by the first half of September in the 1980s, and in contrast, they left Hungary between 27 August and 4 January (median: 19 October) between 2005 and 2019. Recently, the most departure dates fall one and a half to three months later compared to the departure dates in the 1980s. Black-winged Stilts marked in Hungary disperse in the Carpathian Basin during their post-fledging/post-breeding dispersal. Based on ring readings of two individuals, they start to migrate southwest with stopover sites in Italy, but their wintering areas are unknown. Stilts hatched in Portugal (one individual) and France (two individuals) bred in Hungary during the large influxes in 1999 and 2000. Five Black-winged Stilts hatched in Italy were observed later in Hungary and are supposed to be breeders in Hungary in most cases. Furthermore, one individual captured as an adult in Spain and two trapped in Italy were observed in Hungary. The Hungarian population of Black-winged Stilt is threatened by predation on eggs and chicks, drainage of wetlands, and also by human-induced flooding of artificial wetlands (e.g. fishponds). Stilts regularly occupy artificial breeding islands the first years after habitat restoration. The Hungarian population of Black-winged Stilts is increasing due to habitat management with grazing animals, especially with Mangalica ‘Woolly’ Pigs and Water Buffalos.