Статті в журналах з теми "1996 l-635"

-Sandra L. Richards, Judy S.J. Stone, Theatre. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1994. xii + 268 pp.-Lowell Fiet, Errol Hill, The Jamaican stage, 1655-1900: profile of a colonial theatre. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. xiv + 346 pp.-Supriya Nair, Bruce King, V.S. Naipaul. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. viii + 170 pp.-Agnes Lugo-Ortiz, Donald E. Rice, The rhetorical uses of the authorizing figure: Fidel Castro and José Martí. Westport CT: Praeger, 1992. xviii + 163 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Juan A. Martínez, Cuban art and national identity: The Vanguardia painters, 1927-1950. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xiv + 189 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Luis Camnitzer, New art of Cuba. Austin; University of Texas Press, 1994. xxx + 400 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Richard Price ,On the mall: Presenting Maroon tradition-bearers at the 1992 festival of American folklife. Bloomington: Folklore Institute, Indiana University, 1994. xi + 123 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Erika Bourguignon, Stephan Palmié, Das Exil der Götter: Geschichte und Vorstellungswelt einer afrokubanischen Religion. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991. vii + 520 pp.-Carla Freeman, Daniel Miller, Modernity, an ethnographic approach: Dualism and mass consumption in Trinidad. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1994. 340 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Kelvin Singh, Race and class: Struggles in a colonial state: Trinidad 1917-1945. Kingston; The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxii + 284 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Patsy Lewis, Jamaica: Preparing for the twenty-first century. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1994. xvi + 272 pp.-Diane Vernon, Elisa Janine Sobo, One blood: The Jamaican body. Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. vii + 329 pp.-Robert Myers, Patrick L. Baker, Centring the periphery: Chaos. order and the ethnohistory of Dominica. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxviii + 251 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Debra Evenson, Revolution in the balance: Law and society in contemporary Cuba. Boulder CO: Westview, 1994. xiii + 235 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Mindie Lazarus-Black, Legitimate acts and illegal encounters: Law and society in Antigua and Barbuda. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. xxv + 357 pp.-Michiel Baud, Luis Martínez-Fernández, Torn between empires: Economy, society, and patterns of political thought in the Hispanic Caribbean, 1840-1878. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994. ix + 333 pp.-Stanley L. Engerman, Jorge F. Pérez-López, The economics of Cuban sugar. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991, xviii + 313 pp.-Rosario Espinal, Michiel Baud, Historia de un sueño: Los ferrocarriles públicos en la República Dominicana, 1880-1930. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1993. 145 pp.-Birgit Sonesson, Carlos Esteban Dieve, Las emigraciones canarias a Santo Domingo: Siglos XVII y XVIII. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1991. iii + 185 pp.-Erna Kerkhof, Juan Flores, Divided borders: Essays on Puerto Rican identity. Houston: Arte Público Press, 1993. 252 pp.-Cruz M. Nazario, Joan Koss-Chioino, Women as healers, women as patients: Mental health care and traditional healing in Puerto Rico. Boulder CO: Westview, 1992. xx + 237 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Andrés Serbin ,El Caribe y Cuba en la posguerra fría. Caracas: Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1994. 272 pp., Joseph Tulchin (eds)-Winthrop R. Wright, Nina S. de Friedemann, La saga del negro: Presencia africana en Colombia. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Centro Editorial Javeriano, 1993. 117 pp.-Rita Giacalone, Francois Taglioni, Géopolitique des Petites Antilles: Influences européenne et nordaméricaine. Paris: Karthala, 1994. vii + 321 pp.-Daniel J. Crowley, Salikoko S. Mufwene, Africanisms in Afro-American language varieties. With the assistance of Nancy Condon. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993. vii + 512 pp.-Peter Bakker, Joan D. Hall ,Old English and new: Studies in language and linguistics in honor of Frederic G. Cassidy. New York: Garland, 1992. xxxiii + 460 pp., Nick Doane, Dick Ringler (eds)-Peter Bakker, Francis Byrne ,Atlantic meets Pacific: A global view of Pidginization and Creolization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993. ix + 465 pp., John Holm (eds)-Jacques Arends, George L. Huttar ,Ndyuka. London: Routledge, 1994. 631 pp., Mary L. Huttar (eds)-P.C. Emmer, Henk den Heyer, De geschiedenis van de WIC. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1994. 208 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, A.F. Paula, 'Vrije' slaven: Een sociaal-historische studie over de dualistische slavenemancipatie op Nederlands Sint Maarten, 1816-1863. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1993. 191 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, Bea Brommer, Ik ben eigendom van ...: Slavenhandel en plantageleven. Wijk en Aalburg, Netherlands: Pictures Publishers, 1993. 144 pp.-Gert Oostindie, Ben Scholtens, Bosnegers en overheid in Suriname: De ontwikkeling van de politieke verhouding 1651-1992. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies/Minov, 1994. 237 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Marten Schalkwijk, Suriname: Het steentje in de Nederlandse schoen: Van onafhankelijkheid tot raamverdrag. Paramaribo: Firgos Suriname, 1994. 356 pp.

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, continues to be a consistent economic pest of field and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in the upper midwestem United States. In Minnesota alone, O. nubilalis control costs and losses to sweet corn (ca. 50 630 ha) exceed $5,000,000 annually (Noetzel et al. 1985). Despite recent efforts to implement alternatives (Lewis and Bing 1991; Prokrym et al. 1992; Bartels and Hutchison 1993; Bolin et al. 1993), insecticide control continues to play a central role in O. nubilalis management programs.

Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa L.) is extensively grown under furrow irrigation in the western United States. Wheel compaction of furrows increases water runoff and erosion, and can lead to poor lateral water movement and reduced yields. We studied the effects of 560 to 800 lb/acre (630 to 900 kg·ha-1) wheat straw mechanically applied to the bottom of irrigation furrows on yield and bulb size of sweet Spanish onions in commercial onion fields in 1988, 1990, and 1991, and at an experiment station in 1991 and 1995. Furrows in commercial fields were either compacted with tractor wheels or not. In the commercial fields, straw application increased onion yield in plots with compacted furrows in 1988 and in all plots (with or without compacted furrows) in 1990. At the experiment station, straw mulch increased onion yield 64% in 1991, and 74% in 1995. Straw application primarily increased yields of jumbo (3 to 4 inches; 76 to 102 mm) and colossal (>4 inches; 10 cm) onions, whereas there was no effect on medium (2.25 to 3 inches; 57 to 76 mm) onions. We attributed yield improvements to decreased water runoff and increased lateral water movement and soil moisture.

ABSTRACT The Ets-1 transcription factor plays a critical role in cell growth and development, but the means by which it activates transcription are still unclear (J. C. Bories, D. M. Willerford, D. Grevin, L. Davidson, A. Camus, P. Martin, D. Stehelin, F. W. Alt, and J. C. Borles, Nature 377:635–638, 1995; N. Muthusamy, K. Barton, and J. M. Leiden, Nature 377:639–642, 1995). Here we show that Ets-1 binds the transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and the related p300 protein (together referred to as CBP/p300) and that this interaction is required for specific Ets-1 transactivation functions. The Ets-1- and c-Myb-dependent aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) promoter and an Ets-1-dependent artificial promoter were repressed by adenovirus E1A, a CBP/p300-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, Ets-1 activity was potentiated by CBP and p300 overexpression. The transactivation function of Ets-1 correlated with its ability to bind an N-terminal cysteine- and histidine-rich region spanning CBP residues 313 to 452. Ets-1 also bound a second cysteine- and histidine-rich region of CBP, between residues 1449 and 1892. Both Ets-1 and CBP/p300 formed a stable immunoprecipitable nuclear complex, independent of DNA binding. This Ets-1–CBP/p300 immunocomplex possessed histone acetyltransferase activity, consistent with previous findings that CBP/p300 is associated with such enzyme activity. Our results indicate that CBP/p300 may mediate antagonistic and synergistic interactions between Ets-1 and other transcription factors that use CBP/p300 as a coactivator, including c-Myb and AP-1.

In Planned Parenthood Affiliates of Michigan v. Engler (73 F.3d 634 (6th Cir. 1996)), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that § 400.109(a) of the Social Welfare Act of Michigan (Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 400.109(a) (1994)) impermissibly conflicts with the Medicaid Act (Social Security Act tit. XIX, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396 et seq. (1988)) as modified by the 1994 Hyde Amendment (Pub. L. No. 103-112, § 509, 107 Stat. 1082-1113 (1994)), insofar as the § 400.109(a) only provides state funding for abortions necessary to save the life of a mother, and not for abortions resulting from rape or incest. The court held that the Hyde Amendment defines medically necessary abortions that must be funded by states participating in the federal Medicaid program, and that the amendment is not merely a federal appropriations bill.

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to examine the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a 23 year follow-up study. Methods We carried out a cohort study of 391 women with GDM diagnosed by an OGTT or the use of insulin treatment during pregnancy, and 391 age- and parity-matched control participants, who delivered in 1984–1994 at the Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Diagnostic cut-off levels for glucose were as follows: fasting, ≥4.8 mmol/l; 1 h, ≥10.0 mmol/l; and 2 h, ≥8.7 mmol/l. Two follow-up questionnaires were sent (in 1995–1996 and 2012–2013) to assess the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mean follow-up time was 23.1 (range 18.7–28.8) years. Results Type 1 diabetes developed (5.7%) during the first 7 years after GDM pregnancy and was predictable at a 2 h OGTT value of 11.9 mmol/l during pregnancy (receiver operating characteristic analysis: AUC 0.91, sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 96.0%). Type 2 diabetes increased linearly to 50.4% by the end of the follow-up period and was moderately predictable with fasting glucose (AUC 0.69, sensitivity 63.5%, specificity 68.2%) at a level of 5.1 mmol/l (identical to the fasting glucose cut-off recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG) and WHO]). Conclusions/interpretation All women with GDM should be intensively monitored for a decade, after which the risk for type 1 diabetes is minimal. However, the incidence of type 2 diabetes remains linear, and therefore individualised lifelong follow-up is recommended.

RESUMENLa historiografía sobre la muerte, desarrollada entre finales de los años setenta y noventa de la pasada centuria, tuvo especial interés y proyección a partir de las investigaciones trazadas por la tercera generación de Annales. Los planteamientos de esta corriente, en sintonía con los modelos de dicha escuela y avalados por la renovación del objeto histórico tras el estructuralismo, giraron alrededor del estudio de las condiciones materiales, actitudes, imágenes y gestualidad del hombre medieval ante la muerte. El cuerpo de esta fructífera reflexión, como parcela de la “historia de las mentalidades”, albergó novedades metodológicas, facilitando una visión y proyección heurística, debido al impacto que tuvo dentro del diálogo de la historia con las ciencias sociales y otras disciplinas del quehacer humanístico. A finales del siglo xx y comienzo del presente, el giro producido en el quehacer histórico ha otorgado un mayor protagonismo a lo social y cultural, colocando en el lugar protagonista ocupado durante décadas por la “historia de la muerte” otros intereses. Compete, por tanto, plantearse qué horizontes cabría dibujar, dentro de las coordenadas historiográficas de la actualidad, para las investigaciones sobre la muerte, cuyas paradojas siguen vigentes como recurso para conocer los fenómenos y manifestaciones propias de la civilización medieval.Palabras clave: Muerte medieval, historiografía de la muerte ABSTRACTThe historiography of death developed between the late 1970s and the 1990s was of special interest and projection. It was based on research carried out by the third generation of the Annales. The approaches developed in line with the models of this school of thought and underpinned by the renewal of the historical object following structuralism, revolved around the study of material conditions, attitudes, images and gestures of the medieval man in the face of death. The core of this prolific reflection as part of the “history of mentalities” contained methodological novelties facilitating a heuristic vision and projection due to the impact it had on the dialogue between History and Social Sciences and other humanistic disciplines. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the current the shift in historical endeavour has given greater prominence to what is social and cultural, placing other interests in the key role for decades occupied by the “history of death”. For researching into death, it is necessary therefore to consider what perceptions can be drawn within the historiographical coordinates of the present day whose paradoxes are still valid as a resource to understand the phenomena and manifestations of medieval civilisation.Keywords: mediaeval death, historiography of death REFERENCIASActas de las I Jornadas de Metodología Aplicada de las Ciencias Históricas. V. Paleografía y archivística, Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1975.Alexandre-Bidon, D., La mort au Moyen Âge: xiiie-xvie, París, Editorial Hachette, 1998.Alexandre-Bidon, D. y Treffort, C. (dirs.), A reveiller les morts. La mort au quotidien dans l’Occident médieval, Lyon, Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1993.Ariès, P., Essais sur l’histoire de la mort en Occident du Moyen Âge á nous jours, París, Éditions du Seuil, 1975 (trad. Historia de la muerte en Occidente. Desde la Edad Media hasta nuestros días, 2000).—“Mourir autrefois”, en A. Brien et M. Lienhart (dirs.), La Mort au coeur de la vie, Colmar, Éditions Alsatia; Strasbourg, Oberlin, 1976, pp. 23-35.—L’homme devant la mort, París, Éditions du Seuil, 1977.—En face de la mort, París, Éditions du Cerf, 1983.—Images de l´homme devant la mort, París, Seuil, 1983.Aurell, J., Balmaceda, C., Burke, P. y Soza, F., Comprender el pasado, Madrid, Akal, 2013.Azpeitia Martín, M., “Historiografía de la ‘historia de la muerte’”, Studia historica. Historia medieval, 26 (2008), pp. 113-132.Baloup. D., “La mort au Moyen Âge (France e Espagne). Un bilan historiographique”, en I. Bazán y C. González Mínguez, El discurso legal ante la muerte durante la Edad Media en el nordeste peninsular, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco, 2006, pp. 13-32.Binski, P., Medieval Death. Ritual and Representation, Londres, British Museum Press, 1996.Boase, T. S. R., Death in the Middle Ages: mortality, judgment and remembrance, London, Thames and Hudson, 1972.Borsari, E., Trujillo, J. R. (eds.), La muerte en las literaturas medievales europeas (dosier monográfico), Revista de Literatura Medieval, 36, 2002.Braet, H. y Verbeke, W. (eds.), Death in the Middle Ages, Lovaina, Leuven University Press, 1987.Burgess, C., “By Quick and by Dead»: Wills and Pious Provision in late Medieval Bristol”, English Historical Review, 405 (1987), pp. 837-858.Carlé, M.ª C., Una sociedad del siglo xiv: los castellanos en sus testamentos, Buenos Aires, Universidad Católica Argentina, 1993.Carozzi, C., “La géographie de l’au-delà et sa signification pendant le Haut Moyen Âge”, en XXIX Settimana di Studi Sull’Alto Medievo, Spoleto, Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, 1983, pp. 423-481.—Le voyage de l’âme dans l’au-delà, d’après la littérature latine (ve-xiiie siècle), Roma, École Française de Rome, 1994.Chaunu, P., “Mourir à Paris (xvie-xviie-xviiie siècles)”, Annales. Économies, sociétes, civilisations, 31.I (1976), pp. 29-50.—Histoire quantitative, histoire sérielle. París, Armand Colin, 1978.Chiffoleau, J., La compatibilité de l’Au-delà. Les hommes, la mort et la religion dans la region d’Avignon à la fin du Moyen Âge, Roma, École Française de Rome, 1980.Choron, J., Death and Modern Man, Nueva York, Collier Books, 1964.—La Mort dans la pensée occidentale, París, Editions Payot, 1969.Daniell, C., Death and dying in England, Oxford, Oxford Bibliographies, 2014. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396584/obo-9780195396584-0149.xml (recuperado 07.II.2023).Doudet, E. (textes recueillis), La mort écrite. Rites et rhétoriques du trépas au Moyen Âge, París, Presses de l’ Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2005.Eiras Roel, A. (coord.), Actas del II Coloquio de Metodología histórica aplicada. La documentación notarial y la historia, Santiago de Compostela, Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 1982.Erlande-Brandenburg, A., Le roi est mort. Étude sur les funérailles, les sépultures et les tombeaux des rois de France jusqu’á la fin du xiiie siècle, Ginebra, Société Française d’Archéologie, 1975.Español, F., “El encuentro de los tres vivos y los tres muertos y su repercusión en la Península Ibérica”, en J. Yarza Luaces (ed. lit.), Estudios de Iconografía Medieval Española, Bellaterra, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 1984, pp. 53-136—Lo macabro en el gótico hispano. Cuadernos de Arte Español, 70, Madrid, Historia 16, 1992. Favre, R., La mort au Siècle des Lumières dans la littérature et la pensée françaises, Lyon, Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1978.Febvre, L., “Comment reconstituer la vie affective d´autrefois? La sensibilité et l´histoire”, Annales d´Histoire Sociale, 3.1/2 (1941), pp. 5-20. García-Fernández, M., “Familia, poder y religiosidad de una aristócrata bajomedieval gallega. Las últimas voluntades de doña Xoana de Castro (1467)”, Madrygal: Revista de Estudios Gallegos, 21 (2018), pp. 133-156.García-Fernández, M., “Testamentos femeninos para el estudio de la realidad señorial gallega a finales de la Edad Media: una aproximación comparada a las últimas voluntades de Guiomar Méndez de Ambia (1484) y doña Isabel González Noguerol (1527-1533), en M. Cabrera Espinosa y J. A. López Cordero (coord.), XI Congreso Virtual sobre Historia de las Mujeres, Jaén, Archivo Histórico Diocesano de Jaén, 2019, pp. 279-330.Gaude-Ferragu, M., D´or et de cendres: la mort et les funérailles des princes dans le royaume de France au Bas Moyen Âge, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 2005.González Lopo, D. L., “Historia de las mentalidades. Evolución historiográfica de un concepto complejo y polémico”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 11 (2002), pp. 135-190.Guiance, A., Muertes medievales, mentalidades medievales: un estado de la cuestión sobre la historia de la muerte en la Edad Media, Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1989.—Los discursos sobre la muerte en la Castilla medieval (siglos vii-xv), Valladolid, Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, 1998.—“Introducción. Veinte años de historiografía sobre la muerte: un balance y un nuevo comienzo”, en F. Miranda García y M.ª T. López de Guereño Sanz (dir.), La muerte de los príncipes en la Edad Media, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2020, pp. 1-16.Hadley, D. M., Death in Medieval England, Stroud, Tempus, 2001.Hernández Sandoica, E., Los caminos de la historia. Cuestiones de historiografía y método, Madrid, Síntesis, 1994.Huizinga, J., El otoño de la Edad Media. Estudios sobre las formas de vida y el espíritu durante los siglos xiv y xv en Francia y los Países Bajos, Madrid-Buenos Aires, Alianza Editorial-Revista de Occidente Argentina, 1930 y reeds. de 1947 y 1985.Joyce, P., “The return of history: postmodernism and the politics of academic history in Britain”, Past and Present, 158 (1998), pp. 207-235.Ladero Quesada, M. A., “Trayectorias y generaciones. Un balance crítico: la Edad Media”, en Pellistrandi, B. (ed..), La historiografía francesa del siglo xx y su acogida en España, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2002, pp. 311-335.Lapesa, R., “El tema de la muerte en el Libro de Buen Amor”, en R. Lapesa, De la Edad Media a nuestros días, Madrid, Editorial Gredos, 1967, pp. 53-75.Lauwers, M., “Le sépulcre des pères et les ancêtres. Notes sur le culte des défunts à l’âge seigneurial”, Medievales. Langue. Textes. Histoire. La mort des grandes. Hommage à Jean Devisse, 31 (1996), pp. 67-78.—La Mémoire des ancêtres, le souci des morts. Morts, rites et société au Moyen Âge (Diocèse de Liège xie-xiiie siècle), París, Archives de sciences sociales des religions, 1997.Lavanchy, L., Écrire sa mort, décrire sa vie. Testaments de laics laussannois (1400-1450), Laussane, Université de Laussane, 2003.Lebrun, F., Les hommes et la mort en Anjou aux 17e et 18e siècles: essai de démographie et de psychologie historiques, Paris-La Haye, Mouton, 1971.Le Goff, J., La naissance du Purgatoire, París, Gallimard, 1981.Lemaître, J. L. (ed.), L’Église et la mémoire des morts dans la France Médiévale: communications présentées à la Table Ronde du CNRS, le 14 juin 1982, París, Études Augustiniennes, 1986.López de Guereño Sanz, M.ª T., Miranda García, F. y Cabrera, M. (eds.), Migravit a seculo. Muerte y poder de príncipes en la Europa medieval. Perspectivas comparadas, Madrid, Ed. Sílex, 2021.Lorcin, M. T., Vivre et mourir en Lyonnais à la fin du Moyen Âge, Paris, CNRS, 1981.Mâle, E., L´art religieux du xiiie siècle en France, París, Colin, 1898.—L´art religieux de la fin du Moyen Âge en France. Étude sur l´iconographie du Moyen Âge et sur ses sources d´inspiration, París, Librairie Armand Colin, 1908.Marandet, M. C., Le souci de l´au-delà: la pratique testamentaire dans la région toulosaine (1300-1450), Perpignan, Presses Universitaires, 1998.Mattoso, J., “O culto dos mortos na Península Ibérica (seculos vii a xi)”, Lusitania Sacra, 4 (1992), 2ª serie, pp. 13-37.—“A morte dos reis na Cronistica Pré-Alfonsina”, Estudos Medievais, 10 (1993), pp. 79-95.—“O poder e a morte”, Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 25/2 (1995), pp. 395-427.—(dir.), O Reino dos mortos na Idade Média peninsular, Lisboa, Edições João Sá da Costa, 1996.McManners, J., “Death and the French Historians”, en Whaley, J. (ed.), Mirrors of Mortality: Studies in the Social History of Death, London, Routledge, 1981, pp. 106-130.Miranda García, F. y López de Guereño Sanz, M.ª T., La muerte de los príncipes en la Edad Media: balance y perspectivas historiográficas, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2020.Mitre Fernández, E., “El sentido medieval de la muerte. Reflexiones desde el prisma del siglo xx”, Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 16 (1986), pp. 621-639.—La muerte vencida. Imágenes e historia en el Occidente medieval (1200-1348), Madrid: Ediciones Encuentro, 1988.—“La muerte del rey: La historiografía hispánica (1200-1348) y la muerte entre las élites”, En la España Medieval, 11 (1988), pp. 167-183.—“Muerte y memoria del rey en la Castilla bajomedieval”, en G. Duby, G. (et al.), La idea y el sentimiento de la muerte en la historia y en el arte de la Edad Media (II), Santiago de Compostela, Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 1992, pp. 17-26.—“Actitudes del hombre ante la muerte”, en González Mínguez, C. (ed.), La otra historia: Sociedad, cultura y mentalidades, Bilbao, Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco, 1993, pp. 25-36.—“La muerte y sus discursos dominantes entre los siglos xiii y xv (reflexiones sobre recientes aportes historiográficos)”, en Serrano Martín, E. (coord.), Muerte, religiosidad y cultura popular, Zaragoza: Institución Fernando el Católico, 1994, pp. 15-34.Morin, E., L’Homme et la Mort. París, Seuil, 1970 (ed. rev. et augm. de 1950).La mort au Moyen Âge (Colloque de l´Association des Historiens Médiévistes Français réunis à Strasbourg en juin 1975 au Palais Universitaire), Strasbourg, Libraire Istra, 1977.La morte et l´au-delà en France méridionale (xiie-xve siècle), Tolouse, Privat, 1998.Nieto Soria, J. M., Ceremonias de la realeza. Propaganda y legitimación en la Castilla Trastámara, Madrid, Nerea, 1993.Nora, P., Les lieux de mémoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1984.Otero Piñeyro Maseda, P. S. y García-Fernández, M., “Los testamentos como fuente para la historia social de la nobleza. Un ejemplo metodológico: tres mandas de los Valladares del siglo xv”, Cuadernos de estudios gallegos, 60 (2013), pp. 125-169.Pasamar Alzuria, G., “La influencia de Annales en la historiografía española durante el franquismo: un esbozo de explicación”, Historia Social, 48 (2004), pp. 149-172.Pasche, V., Pour le salut de mon âme. Les Lausannois face à la mort, xiv siècle, Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, 1989.Pavón Benito, J. y García de la Borbolla, A., Morir en la Edad Media. La muerte en la Navarra medieval, Valencia, Universitat de València, 2007.Platelle, H., Présence de l’au-delà: une vision médiévale du monde, Villeneuve-d´Ascq, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2004.Peiró Martín, I., “Historiadores en el purgatorio. Continuidades y rupturas en los años sesenta”, Cercles: revista d’història cultural, 16 (2013), pp. 53-81.—Historiadores en España: historia de la historia y memoria de la profesión, Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2013.La religion populaire. Colloque international du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris, 17-19 octobre 1977), Paris, CNRS, 1979.Royer de Cardinal, S., Morir en España. (Castilla Baja Edad Media), Buenos Aires, Universidad Católica Argentina, 1992.Sabatè i Curull, F., Lo senyor rei és mort: actitud i cerimònies dels municipis catalans baix-medievals davant la mort del monarca, Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, 1994.—Cerimònies fúnebres i poder municipal a la Catalunya baixmedieval, Barcelona, Dalmau, 2003.Serna Alonso, J., La historia cultural: autores, obras, lugares, Madrid, Akal, 2013.Sharpe, J., “Historia desde abajo”, en P. Burke (ed.), Formas de Hacer Historia, Madrid, Alianza, 1996 (1ª ed. inglesa, 1991), pp. 38-58.Schmitt, J. C., “Le suicide au Moyen Âge”, Annales. Économies. Sociétés. Civilisations, 31 (1976), pp. 3-28.Spiegel, G., “La historia de la práctica: nuevas tendencias en historia tras el giro lingüístico”, Ayer 62/2 (2006), pp. 19-50.Sutto, C. (ed.), Le sentiment de la mort au Moyen Âge, Quebec, L’ Aurore, 1979.Tenenti, A., La vie et la mort à travers l´art du xve siècle, Armand Colin, París, 1952.—Il senso della morte e l´amore della vita nel Rinascimento (Francia e Italia), Giulio Einaudi, Torino, 1957.—Piété baroque et déchristianisation en Provence au dix-huitième siècle: les attitudes devant la mort d´après les clauses des testaments, París, Seuil, 1973.—Mourir autrefois. Attitudes collectives devant la mort aux xviie et xviiie siècles, Paris, Gallimard, 1974.—“Les attitudes devant la mort: problèmes de méthode, approches et lectures différentes”, Annales Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 31. 1 (1976), pp. 120-132.—“Encore la mort: un peu plus qu’une mode? Annales Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 37 (1982), pp. 276-287.—La mort et l’Occident de 1300 à nos jours, París, Gallimard, 1983.Vovelle, M., “La mort et l’au-delà en Provence d’après les autels des âmes du Purgatoire xv-xx siècles”, Annales Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 24 (1969), pp. 1602-1634.Yarza Luaces, J., “Despesas que fazen los omnes de muchas guisas en soterrar los muertos”, en J. Yarza Luaces, Formas Artísticas de lo Imaginario, Barcelona, Anthropos, 1987, pp. 260-292—“La capilla funeraria hispana en torno a 1400”, en M. Núñez Rodríguez, M. y E. Portela (coords.), La idea y el sentimiento de la muerte, Santiago de Compostela, Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 1988, pp. 95-117.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes volumes de calda e tipo de bico no controle químico de Thrips tabaci em cebola. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na EPAGRI, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, SC, no período de agosto a dezembro de 1996 e 1997. Os tratamentos com bico leque e respectivos níveis de vazão foram XR 110 015 VS® - 236 L/ha, XR 110 02 VS® - 316 L/ha, XR 110 03 VS® - 472 L/ha, XR 110 04 VS® - 632 L/ha, XR 110 05 VS® - 788 L/ha, TJ 60 110 02 VS® - 316 L/ha, TJ 60 110 04 VS® - 632 L/ha; com bico cone foram Conejet TSVS® - 236 L/ha, Conejet TXVK 18® - 472 L/ha, Conejet TXVK 26® - 632 L/ha, D6 Difusor V5® - 600 L/ha, além da testemunha, sem tratamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O tamanho de parcela foi de 2,8 m x 3,0 m. O inseticida usado foi clorpirifós 0,72 g. i.a./ha. A amostragem de ninfas de T. tabaci foi realizada no campo em cinco plantas escolhidas ao acaso em cada parcela. A redução populacional de tripes foi semelhante entre os diferentes volumes de calda e tipos de bico utilizados. Portanto, os bicos cone e leque aplicando volumes de calda entre 236 a 788 L/ha, apresentaram a mesma eficiência no controle de T. tabaci em cebola.

The aim of this study was to develop stem taper equations for trees of Pinus taeda L. inside and outside bark with extensive applicability to several age classes. Data were obtained from 631 trees of P. taeda, ranging from 4 to 31 years of age, in different stands distributed in several counties of the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The taper models of Biging (1984), Schöpfer (1966), and Kozak et al. (1969) were tested. These models were fitted in their simplest formulation as well as by varying their coefficient linear functions of stand age with the procedure PROC NLIN in the software SAS® University Edition. There were no significant differences in accuracy and precision in the estimates between the simplest formulation of the Schöpfer (1966) model and the variation of its coefficient b linear function of age, and thus, the simplest formulation was chosen. Among all taper models tested, the Schöpfer (1966) model presented greater accuracy and precision to estimate diameters inside and outside bark, throughout the stem of Pinus taeda, in the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

This research is aimed to discover the interrelation between marital satisfaction, religiouscommitment and marital commitment globally and based on its types, personal, moral, andstructural. The sampling of the research is 315 persons, with age 20 until 58 years old. The resultof the research shows there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction and maritalcommitment, religious commitment and marital commitment, marital satisfaction together withreligious commitment and marital commitment. It is also discovers that marital commitmentinfluences personal commitment and moral commitment, while religious commitment influencespersonal commitment, moral commitment, and structural commitment.Keywords: marital satisfaction, religious commitment, marital commitment Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepuasan pernikahan, komitmen beragama, dan komitmen pernikahan secara global dan menurut tipenya, komitmen personal, moral, dan struktural. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah berjumlah 315 orang, berusia 20 hingga 58 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kepuasan pernikahan dan komitmen pernikahan, komitmen beragama dan komitmen pernikahan, kepuasan pernikahan bersama dengan komitmen beragama dan komitmen pernikahan. Juga diketahui bahwa kepuasan pernikahan memiliki pengaruh terhadap komitmen personal dan komitmen moral. Sementara komitmen beragama memiliki pengaruh terhadap komitmen personal, komitmen moral, dan komitmen struktural. Kata kunci: kepuasan pernikahan, komitmen beragama, komitmen pernikahan References Abbott, D., Berry, M. and Meredith, W. (1990). Religious Belief and Practice: A Potential Assetin Helping Families. Family Relations, 39(4), p.443.Adams, J. M. & Jones, W. H. (1999). Interpersonal commitment in historichal perspectives. InHandbook of Interpersonal Commitment and Relationship Stability. New York: SpringerScience+Business Media.Agnew, H. (2009). Commitment, Theories and Typologies. Department of PsychologicalSciences Faculty Publications. Diunduh dari: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/psychpubs/28Allgood, S. M., Harris, S.,Skogrand, L., & Lee, T.R. (2008). Marital commitment andreligiosity in a religiously homogenous population. Marriage & Family Review, 45(1),52-67. doi: 10.1080/01494920802537472.Amato, P. R. 2010. Research on divorce: continuing developments and newtrends. Journal ofMarriage and Family 72(3): 650-666. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723.xAmato, P. and Sobolewski, J. (2001). The Effects of Divorce and Marital Discordon AdultChildren's Psychological Well-Being. American SociologicalReview, 66(6), p.900.Andrea, S.G. (2014). Hubungan antara religiositas dan komitmen pernikahan pada individuyang menikah melalui ta’aruf. Skripsi. Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia.Argue, A., Johnson, D. and White, L. (1999). Age and Religiosity: Evidence froma Three-WavePanel Analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(3), p.423.Aron, A., Aron, E. and Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scaleand the structureof interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), pp.596- 612.Arriaga, X. and Agnew, C. (2001). Being Committed: Affective, Cognitive, and ConativeComponents of Relationship Commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), pp.1190-1203.Benokraitis, N. (1996). Marriages and families. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Beveridge, A., Campbell, A., Converse, P. and Rodgers, W. (1976). The Quality of AmericanLife: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Political Science Quarterly, 91(3),p.529.Bilqisthi, H. (2014). Hubungan antara komitmen pernikahan dengan kepuasanpernikahan padaindividu yang menikah melalui ta’aruf. Skripsi. Depok: Fakultas Psikologi UniversitasIndonesia.Bimas Islam Dalam Angka. (2012). Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.www.bimasislam.kemenag.go.idBKKBN (2011, Desember). Policy brief pusat penelitian dan pengembangan kependudukan.20 Februari 2015. http://www.bkkbn.go.id/ViewBerita.aspx?BeritaID=967Badan Pusat Statistik. (2010). Survey agama berdasarkan provinsi di Indonesia. www.bps.go.idBurpee, L. and Langer, E. (2005). Mindfulness and Marital Satisfaction. Journalof AdultDevelopment, 12(1), pp.43-51.Carp, F. and Carp, A. (1982). Test of a Model of Domain Satisfactions and WellBeing: EquityConsiderations. Research on Aging, 4(4), pp.503-522. Cho, D. W. (2014). The influence of religiosity and adult attachment style on maritalsatisfaction among Korean Christian couples living in South Korea. A Dissertation. Liberty University.Chomeya, R. (2010). Quality of psychology test between likert scale 5 and points. Journal ofSocial Sciences, 6 (3), 399-403.Chung, R. H. (2008). Religiosity as predictor of marital commitment andsatisfaction in KoreanAmerican couples. University of Southern CaliforniaClements, R. and Swensen, C. (2000). Commitment to one’s spouse as a predictorof maritalquality among older couples. Curr Psychol, 19(2), pp.110-119.DeGenova, M. and Rice, F. (2005). Intimate relationships, marriages, andfamilies. New York:McGraw-Hill.DeGenova, M. (2008). Intimate relationships, marriages & families. Boston, MA: McGrawHill.Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), pp.542575.Duvall, E. and Miller, B. (1985). Marriage and family development. New York: Harper & Row.Fowers, B. and Olson, D. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research andclinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), pp.176-185.Gravetter, F.J. & Forzano, L.B. (2009). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (Edisike-3). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Goltz, J.W. (1987). Correlates in marital commitment. Disertasi Doktoral.Kanada: UniversitasAlberta.Hansen, D., Kelley, H. and Thibaut, J. (1982). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory ofInterdependence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44(1), p.246.Hassan, R. (2007). On Being Religious: Patterns of Religious Commitment in MuslimSocieties. The Muslim World, 97(3), pp.437-478.Hatch, R., James, D. and Schumm, W. (1986). Spiritual Intimacy and MaritalSatisfaction. Family Relations, 35(4), p.539.Harris, S. S. (2005). Marital commitment and religiosity in a sample of adults in Utah. AllGraduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2851. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2851Haseley, J. and Riggs, S. (2006). Marital satisfaction among newly married couples. Denton:University of North Texas.Hawkins, M. (1981). Care of the dying. BMJ, 282(6280), pp.1969-1969.Heaton, T. and Albrecht, S. (1991). Stable Unhappy Marriages. Journal of Marriage and theFamily, 53(3), p.747.Heaton, T., Albrecht, S. and Martin, T. (1985). The Timing of Divorce. Journal of Marriageand the Family, 47(3), p.631.Hoge, D. and Hoge, J. (1984). Period Effects and Specific Age Effects Influencing Values ofAlumni in the Decade after College. Social Forces, 62(4), p.941Impett, E., Beals, K. and Peplau, L. (2001). Testing the investment model of relationshipcommitment and stability in a longitudinal study of married couples. Curr Psychol, 20(4),pp.312-326.Johnson, M. P. (1973). Commitment: A conceptual structure and empirical application. TheSociological Quarterly, 14(3), 395-406.

Field experiments were conducted from 1992 to 1994 in southern Manitoba to investigate the tolerance of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), canola (Brassica napus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sublethal dosages of 2,4-D; 2,4-D amine was applied at 0,9.5, 18.9, 37.8, 75.2 and 151.2 g a.i. ha−1 2 wk after crop emergence when buckwheat and canola were in the two- to three-leaf stage, lentil and field pea had a vine length of 10 cm, and sunflower was in the four- to six-leaf stage. Application rates corresponded to 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24% of the low recommended field rate of 2 4-D (630 g a.i. ha−1). Field pea yields were unaffected by 2,4-D dosages tested in any year. Increasing dosage of 2,4-D reduced lentil and canola yields in two of three years, while buckwheat yields were reduced in one year only. Sunflower yields were severely reduced in all three years by 2,4-D. At 151.2 g a.i. ha−1, predicted yield losses were 43% for buckwheat, 16–52% for canola, 20–57% for lentil, and 93–100% for sunflower. Key words: Buckwheat, canola, field pea, lentil, sunflower, crop injury, yield

Ключові слова: «Просвіта», Уманський повіт, Київська губернія, культурно-освітня політика, Центральна Рада. Анотація Події Української революції 1917-1921 рр. сприяли заснуванню просвітницьких організацій, які своїм основним завданням вбачали надання різної допомоги населенню на ниві культурно-освітніх справ. У статті досліджується процес утворення товариств «Просвіта» в Уманському повіті Київської губернії. З огляду на вагомість реалізованих проектів в статті увага присвячена добі Центральної Ради. Базуючись на архівних документах та матеріалах періодики, з’ясовано, що організаційні заходи з відродження просвітницького руху в Київській губернії були започатковані відразу після зміни політичного режиму. Головну увагу «Просвіти» краю приділяли праці в українських селах. У публікації встановлено, що просвітницькі організації в повіті почали виникати завдяки народній ініціативі, передусім проявам організаційних зусиль національно налаштованої місцевої інтелігенції та сільської молоді. Встановлено, що у більшості сіл Уманського повіту «Просвіти» виступали єдиними структурами, які проводили активну роботу серед населення, їх діяльність фокусувалася у культурницькій і освітній площині. Одним із головних завдань, що стояли перед просвітянами, було відкриття власних книгозбірень або бібліотек-читалень, придбання літератури і періодичних видань, організація курсів українознавства, поширення освітніх знань серед населення тобто все те, що могло сприяти пробудженню національної свідомості українців краю та їх об’єднанню. Фінансова допомога просвітянам краю надавалася органами місцевої влади, самоврядувань, окремими громадянами. Посилання 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu, 1917 – 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu…1917 [June 29 in Talne …1917]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 2 lypnia. [in Ukrainian]. Adamskyi, 2018 – Adamskyi V. R. «Prosvity» Podillia v dobu Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady (berezen 1917 – kviten 1918 rr.) [«Enlightenment» Podillya in the days of the Ukrainian Central Council (March 1917 - April 1918)] : Doslidzhennia. Dokumenty. Materialy. Khmelnytskyi: FOP Tsiupak A. A., 2018. 478 s. [in Ukrainian]. V Shukaivodi, 1917 – V Shukaivodi… 1917 [In Shukaivoda … 1917] – «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv).28 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Verstyuk, ta in., 2004 – Verstiuk V., Horobets V., Tolochko O. Ukraina i Rosiia v istorychnii retrospektyvi. Ukrainski proekty v Rosiiskii imperii [Ukraine and Russia in historical retrospective review. The Ukrainian projects in the Russian empire]. K., 2004. 504 s. [in Ukrainian]. Vynnychenko, 2007 – Vynnychenko V. Vidrodzhennia natsii. Reprynt. vidtvor. vyd. 1920 r. [Revival of the nation]: u 3 ch. K. : Vyd-vo polit. l-ry Ukrainy, 1990. Ch. III. 542 s. [in Ukrainian]. Herman, 1995 – Herman O. M. Diialnist tovarystva «Prosvita» na Podilli naprykintsi XIX I v pershii polovyni XX stolittia [Activities of the society «Enlightenment» in Podolia in the late XIX and early XX century]: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1995. 228 s. [in Ukrainian]. Hrytsak, 1996 – Hrytsak Ya. Narys istorii Ukrainy. Formuvannia modernoi ukrainskoi natsii u XIX-XX st. [Essays on the history of Ukraine: the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation of the XIX-XX centuries]. K.: Heneza, 1996. 358 s. [in Ukrainian]. DAKO – Derzhavnyi arkhiv Kyivskoi oblasti Doroshenko, 2007 – Doroshenko D. Moi spomyny pro nedavnie mynule (1914-1920 roky) [My memories of the recent past (1914-1920)]. K. : Tempora, 2007. 632 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kravchuk, 1996 – Kravchuk L. V. Kulturo-tvorcha diialnist ta prosvitnytskyi rukh v period Ukrainskoi derzhavnosti 1917–1920 rr. [Cultural activity and educational movement in the period of Ukrainian statehood 1917-1920]: avtoref. dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1996. 23 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok, 1918 – Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok…1918 [Cultural and educational circle…1918]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 25 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Lozovyi, 2006 – Lozovyi V. S. Poshyrennia prosvitnytskykh oseredkiv v ukrainskomu seli v period Tsentralnoi Rady (1917 r.) [Dissemination of educational centers in the Ukrainian countryside during the Central Rada (1917)]. Osvita, nauka i kultura na Podilli: zb. nauk. pr. / hol. red. kol.: P. T. Tronko. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Oiium, 2006. T. 7: mat. tretoho kruhloho stolu «Kultura, osvita i prosvitnytskyi rukh na Podilli u KhVIII – na pochatku KhKhI st.». S. 3-11. [in Ukrainian]. Ostashko,1997 – Ostashko T. Tovarystvo «Prosvita» – oseredky ukrainskoho natsionalno-osvitnoho rukhu za doby Tsentralnoi Rady [Society «Enlightenment» is a center of the Ukrainian national educational movement during the Central Rada] // Tsentralna Rada i ukrainskyi derzhavotvorchyi protses (do 80-richchia stvorennia Tsentralnoi Rady): Materialy nauk. konf., 20 bereznia 1997 r. NAN Ukrainy, In-t istorii Ukrainy. K., 1997. Ch. 2. S. 272-280. [in Ukrainian]. Reient, 2003 – Reient O. Ukraina v impersku dobu (XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Ukraine in the imperial era (XIX - early XX centuries)]. K., 2003. 338 s. [in Ukrainian]. Sarbei, 1999 – Sarbei V. Natsionalne vidrodzhennia Ukrainy [National revival of Ukraine]. K., 1999. 335 s. [in Ukrainian]. U mistechku Pokotylove, 1917 – U mistechku Pokotylove…1917 [In the town of Pokotylove…1917] – Chytalnia. Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 26 chervnia. [in Ukrainian]. U s. Tykhomu Khutori, 1917 – U s. Tykhomu Khutori…1917 [In the village of Tykhy Khutir] – «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 1 zhovtnia. [in Ukrainian]. Faryna, 1993 – Faryna S. Ya. Rol «Prosvit» v ukrainskomu natsionalno-kulturnomu rusi na pochatku KhKh stolittia [The role of «Enlightenment» in the Ukrainian national and cultural movement in the early XIX century].: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Kremenchuk, 1993. 233 s. [in Ukrainian]. TsDAVO Ukrainy – Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy.

Alsa, A. (2014). Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta kombinasinya dalam penelitian psikologi. Cetakan V. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.Badan Koordinasi Keluraga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN). (2011). Kajian profil penduduk remaja (10-24 tahun): Ada apa dengan remaja. Policy Brief Puslitbang Kependudukan. Retrieved fromhttp://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin%20reproduksi%20remaja-ed.pdfBadan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2012). Survei demografi dan kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Kesehatan Reproduksi remaja. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Jakarta. Retrieved from http://www.bkkbn.go.id/litbang/pusdu/Hasil%20Penelitian/SDKI%202012/Laporan%20Pendahuluan%20REMAJA%20SDKI%202012.pdfBadan Pusat Statistik Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta. (2015). Statistik politik dan keamanan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.Baumrind, D., Larzele, R. E., & Owens, E. B. (2010). Effect of preschool parents’ power assertive patterns ang practise on adolescent development. Parenting Science and Practice, 10(3), 157-201.Bonino, Cattelino, & Clairano,. (2005). Adolescents and risk, behavior, functions, and protective factors. Italia: Springer.Burt, S.A., McGue, M., Lacono, W.G., & Krueger, R.F. (2006). Differential parent–childrelationships and adolescent externalizing symptoms: Cross-lagged analyses within a monozygotic twin differences design. Devevelopmental Psychology, 42, 1289–1298.Chein, J., Albert, D., O’Brien, L., Uckert, K., & Steiberg, L. (2011). Peer increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain’s reward circuitry. Journal Development Science, 14(2), F1-F10.Choo, H., & Shek, D. (2013). Quality of parent-child relationship, family conflic, peer pressure, and drinking behaviours of adolescents in an Asian context: the case of Singapore. Social Indication Rescue, 110, 1141-1157.Clasen, D. R., & Brown, B. B. (1987). Understanding peer pressure in the middle school. Journal of Adolescence, 19(1), 21-23.Crawford, L. A., & Novak, K. B. (2002). Parental and peer influences on adolescent drinking: The relative impact of attachment and opportunity. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 12(1), 1-26.Crockett, L. J., Raffaelli, M., & Shen, Y. L. (2006). Linking self-regulation and risk proneness to risky sexual behavior: Pathways through peer pressure and early substance use. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(4), 503-525.Derek, K., & Smiler, A. P. (2013). Norms and peer pressure in adolescent boys and girls alcohol use, Substance Use Misuse, 48(5), 371-378.DiClemente, R. J., Santelli, J. S., & Crosby, R. A. (2009). Adolescent health. Understanding and preventing risk behaviour. San Franscisco: Jossey-Bass: A Wiley Imprint.Dixson, M., Bermes, E., & Fair, S. (2014). An Instrument to investigate expectations about and experiences of the parent-child relationship: The parent-child relationship schema scale. Social Science, 3, 84-114.Eaton, D. K., Kann, L. & Kinchen, S. (2006). Youth risk behavior surveillance. Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,55(5),1-108.Faska. (2015, April 5). Pernikahan dini di Jogja meningkat tajam. Pojoksatu. Retrieved fromhttp://pojoksatu.id/news/berita-nasional/2015/04/05/pernikahan-dini-di-jogja-meningkat-tajam/Fisher, L., & Feldman, S. S. (1998). Familial antecedents of young adulth health risk behavior: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family, 12(1), 68-80.Gardner, M. & Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 625–635.Garnefski, N., & Diekstra, R. F. W. (1996). Perceived social support from family, school, and peers: Relationship with emotional and behavioral problem among adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(12), 1657-1664.Gheorghiu, A., Delhomme, P., & Felonneau, M. L. (2015). Peer pressure and risk taking in young drivers’ speeding behavior. Transportation Research Part F, 35, 101–111.Ghozali, I. (2011). Aplikasi analisis multivariat dengan program IBM SPSS 19, Edisi kelima. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.Gullone, E. & Moore, S. (2000). Developing adolescents: A reference for professionals. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.Informasi Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga. (2009). Kementerian pemuda dan olahraga. Biro Perencanaan: Sekretariat Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga.Jahun, K. (2011). Patterns of parent-child relationship quality, parent depression and adolescent development outcomes (Disertasi tidak terpublikasi). University of Washington, School of Nursing. Jessor, R., & Jessor, T. (2009). Description versus explanation in cross-national research on adolescent. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(6), 527-528.Jessor, R., Turbin, M.S., Costa, F.M., Dong, Q., Zhang, H., & Wang, C. (2003). Adolescent problem behavior in China and the United States: A cross-national study of psychosocial protective factors. Journal of Adolescence Research,13, 329–360.Johnson, & Matthew, D. (2013). Parent-child relationship quality directly and indirectly influences hooking up behaviour reported in young adulthood through alcohol us in adolescence. Arch Sex Behaviour, 42, 1463-1472.Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Foshee, V. A., Ennett, S. T., & Suchindran, C., (2008). The development of aggression during adolescence: Sex differences intrajectories of physical and social aggression among youth in rural areas. Journal Abnormal.Child Psycholology, 36, 1227–1236.Kementerian Dalam Negeri (Kemendagri). (2014). Kode dan data wilayah administrasi pemerintahan. Jakarta: Ditjen Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kemendagri Per Semester I.Klahr, A.M., McGue, M., Lacono, W.G., & Burt, S.A. (2011). The association between parent–child conflict and adolescent conduct problems over time: Results from a longitudinal adoption study. Journal Abnormal Psychology, 120, 46–56.Masten, A. S. (2001) Resiliensi process in development. American Psichological Association, 56(3), 227-228.Mathijssen, J. P. J., Janssen, M. M., Bon-Martens, M., Oers, H. A., Boer, A. D., & Garretsen, H. F. (2014). Alcohol segment-specific associations between the quality of the parent-child relationship and adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Public Health, 872, 1471-2458.Leather, N. C. (2009). Risk-taking behaviour in adolescence: A literature review. Journal of Child Health Care,13(3), 295–304. Oni, A. A. (2010). Peer group pressure as a determinant of adolescent social adjustment in Nigerian schools. Asian Pasific Journal of Educators and Education, 25, 189-202.Peacock, A., & Bruno, R. (2015). Young adults who mix alcohol with energy drink: Typology of risk taking behaviour. Addictive Behaviours, 45, 252-258.Qu, Y., Fuligni, A. J., Galvan, A., & Telzer, E. H. (2015). Buffering effect of positive parent–child relationships on adolescent risk taking: A longitudinal neuro imaging investigation. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 26–34.Ritcher. (2010). Risk behavior in adolescence, patterns, determinants, and consequences. Germany: Springer Fachmedien.Sales, J. M., & Irwin, C. E., Jr. (2009). Theories of adolescent risk-taking: A biopsychosocial model. In R. DiClemente & R. Crosby (Eds.), Adolescent health:Understanding and preventing risk behaviors andadverse health outcomes (pp. 31–50). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Santrock, J. W. (2003). Adolescene: Perkembangan remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga.Savitri, A. R. (2015, Desember 11). Inilah organisasi paling nge-hits di Yogyakarta. Youth Forum. Retrieved from http://www.duniaremaja. jogjaprov.go.id/detilberita/14/1/Inilah-Organisasi-Paling-Nge-Hits-di-Yogyakarta,-YouthForum-DIYSkaar, N. R. (2009). Development of the adolescent exploratory and health risk behaviour rating scale(Unpublished dissertation). University of Minnesota, United Stated.Sofronoff, Dalgliesh, & Kosky. (2004). Out of options, a cognitive model of adolescent suicide and risk-taking. USA: Cambridge University Press.Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Developmental, 71, 1072-1085.Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia. (2013). Kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta: Indonesia.Tsai, K. M. (2013). Continuity and discontinuity in perceptions of family relationship from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Child Development, 84(2), 471-484.Turley, R. N. L., Desmond, M., & Bruch, S. K. (2010). Unanticipated educational consequences of a positive parent-child relationship. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1377-1390.

[1] R. C. Dugan, H. W. Beaty, y S. Santoso, Electrical Power Systems Quality, Third edition. Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2012.[2] J. Arrilaga y N. R. Watson, Power System Harmonics. Jhon Wiley and Sons, 2003.[3] H. Kim, F. Blaabjerg, B. Bak-Jensen, y J. Choi, «Instantaneous power compensation in three-phase systems by using p-q-r theory», en Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001. PESC. 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 478–485 vol.2.[4] J. G. Nielsen y F. Blaabjerg, «Comparison of system topologies for dynamic voltage restorers», en Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 2397–2403 vol.4.[5] M. Vilathgamuwa, A. A. . Ranjith Perera, S. S. Choi, y K. J. Tseng, «Control of energy optimized dynamic voltage restorer»,88presentado en The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON ’99 Proceedings, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 873-878 vol.2.[6] N. H. Woodley, L. Morgan, y A. Sundaram, «Experience with an inverter-based dynamic voltage restorer», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 14, n.o 3, pp. 1181-1186, jul. 1999.[7] M. D. Stump, G. J. Keane, y F. K. S. Leong, «The role of custom power products in enhancing power quality at industrial facilities», en 1998 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998. Proceedings of EMPD ’98, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 507–517 vol.2.[8] UNE, Características de la Tensión Suministrada Por Las Redes Generales de Distribución, UNE-EN 50160. UNE, 1996.[9] M. P. Kazmierkowski y L. Malesani, «Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 45, n.o 5, pp. 691–703, 1998.[10] G. A. de Almeida Carlos, E. C. dos Santos, C. B. Jacobina, y J. P. R. A. Mello, «Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Three-Phase Inverters Cascaded Through an Open-End Winding Transformer», IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 31, n.o 1, pp. 188-199, ene. 2016.[11] S. Andrews y S. Joshi, «Performance Improvement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer using Proportional - Resonant Controller», en Renewable Energy and Energy Management; Proceedings of PCIM Europe 2015; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, 2015, pp. 1-8.[12] A. M. Rauf y V. Khadkikar, «An Enhanced Voltage Sag Compensation Scheme for Dynamic Voltage Restorer», IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, n.o 5, pp. 2683-2692, may 2015.[13] Craig Muller, User’s Guide on the Use of PSCAD. Manitoba, Canada: Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 2010.[14] Rohitha Jayasinghe, User’s Guide. A Comprehensive Resourse for EMTDC. Manitoba, Canada: Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 2010.[15] L. A. Moran, J. W. Dixon, y R. R. Wallace, «A Three-Phase Active Power Filter Operating with Fixed Switching Frequency for Reactive Power and Current Harmonic Compensation», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 42, n.o 4, pp. 402 -408, ago. 1995.[16] S. Bhattacharya y D. Divian, «Synchronous frame based controller implementation for hybrid series active filters system», Proceeding 1995 IEEEIAS Annu. Meet., pp. 2531-2540, 1995.[17] J. G. Nielsen y F. Blaabjerg, «A detailed comparison of system topologies for dynamic voltage restorers», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, n.o 5, pp. 1272- 1280, oct. 2005.[18] J. Arrillaga, N. R. Watson, y S. Chen, Power System Quality Assessment. Jhon Wiley and Sons, 2000.[19] V. B. Bhavaraju y P. Enjeti, «A Fast Active Power Filter to Correct Line Voltage Sag», IEEE Trans, vol. IE-41, n.o 3, pp. 333-338, 1994.[20] G. Blajszczak, «Direct Method for Voltage Distortion Compensation in Power Network Bay Series Converter Filter», IEE Proc Electr Power Appl, vol. 142, n.o 5, pp. 308-312, 1995.[21] H. Akagi, «New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning», Ind. Appl. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 32, n.o 6, pp. 1312 -1322, nov. 1996.[22] A. Ghosh y G. Ledwich, «Compensation of distribution system voltage using DVR», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 17, n.o 4, pp. 1030- 1036, oct. 2002.89[23] C. J. Melhorn, T. D. Davis, y G. E. Beam, «Voltage sags: their impact on the utility and industrial customers», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, n.o 3, p. 549, 1998.[24] W. E. Brumsickle, G. A. Luckjiff, R. S. Schneider, D. M. Divan, y M. F. McGranaghan, «Dynamic sag correctors: cost effective industrial power line conditioning», en Proceedings of 34th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry Applications, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1999, vol. vol.2, p. 1339.[25] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, y A. 9 Chandra, «A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 46, n.o 5, pp. 960-971, oct. 1999.[26] C. Zhan, C. Fitzer, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, A. Arulampalam, M. Barnes, y N. Jenkins, «Software phase-locked loop applied to dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)», en IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001, 2001, vol. 3, pp. 1033-1038 vol.3.[27] V. Kaura y V. Blasko, «Operation of a phase locked loop system under distorted utility conditions», en Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1996. APEC ’96. Conference Proceedings 1996., Eleventh Annual, 1996, vol. 2, pp. 703–708 vol.2.[28] A. C. Parsons, W. M. Grady, y E. J. Powers, «A wavelet-based procedure for automatically determining the beginning and end of transmission system voltage sags», en IEEE Power Engineering Society 1999 Winter Meeting, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1310–1315 vol.2.[29] D. Gregory, C. Fitzer, y M. Barnes, «The static transfer switch operational considerations», en Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002. International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 487), 2002, pp. 620–625.[30] C. Zhan, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, A. Arulampalam, C. Fitzer, S. Kromlidis, M. Bames, y N. Jenkins, «Dynamic voltage restorer based on voltage-space-vector PWM control», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, n.o 6, pp. 1855-1863, nov. 2001.[31] C. Fitzer, A. Arulampalam, M. Barnes, y R. Zurowski, «Mitigation of saturation in dynamic voltage restorer connection transformers», IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 17, n.o 6, pp. 1058- 1066, nov. 2002.[32] S. Gao, X. Lin, Y. Kang, Y. Duan, y J. Qiu, «Mitigation of inrush current in dynamic voltage restorer injection transformers», en 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, pp. 4093-4098.[33] Y. W. Li, «Control and Resonance Damping of Voltage-Source and Current-Source Converters With Filters», IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, n.o 5, pp. 1511-1521, may 2009.[34] H. Akagi, «Control strategy and site selection of shunt active filter for damping of harmonic propagation in power distribution systems», Present. 1996 IEEEPES Winter Meet., 1996.[35] M. El-Habrouk, M. K. Darwish, y P. Mehta, «Active Power Filters: A Review», Electr. Power Appl. IEE Proc., vol. 147, n.o 5, pp. 403 -413, sep. 2000.[36] S. Buso, L. Malesani, y P. Mattavelli, «Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 45, n.o 5, pp. 722–729, 1998.[37] W. M. Grady, M. J. Samotyj, y A. H. Noyola, «Survey of active power line conditioning metodologies», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 5, pp. 1536-1542, 1990.[38] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, y A. Nabae, «Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storange components», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20, pp. 625-630, 1984.[39] A. Garcia-Cerrada, P. Garcia-Gonzalez, R. Collantes, T. Gomez, y J. Anzola, «Comparison of thyristor-controlled reactors and voltage-source inverters for compensation of flicker caused by arc furnaces», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 15, n.o 4, p. 1225, 2000.[40] P. C. Krause, Analysis of Electric Machinery. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1986.[41] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, y A. Nabae, «Generalised theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits», Proceeding 1983 Int. Power Electron. Conf. Tokyo Jpn. 1983, pp. 1375-1386, 1983.[42] G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, y M. L. Workman, Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley, 1997.[43] K. J. Astrom y B. Wittenmark, Computer-Controlled Systems: Theory and Design, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall Inc., 1997.[44] J. Svensson, «Grid-connected voltage source converter», PhD Thesis, Chalmers university of Technology, 1998.[45] J. Svensson y R. Ottersted, «Shunt Active Filtering of Vector Current-Controlled VSC at a Moderate Swiching Frequency», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 35, pp. 1083-1090, 1999.[46] J. Holtz, «Pulsewith modulation for electronic power convertion», Proceeding IEEE, vol. 82, n.o 8, pp. 1194-1214, ago. 1994.[47] Mathworks, Using Matlab vesion 8.4. Natick,MA: The Mathworks, Inc, 2014.[48] Mathworks, Using Simulink vesion 8.4. Natick,MA: The Mathworks, Inc, 2014.[49] G. Goodwin, S. Graebe, y M. Salgado, Control Systems Design. London: Prentice Hall, 2001.

The amount and localization of boron-10 atoms delivered into tumor cells determines the therapeutic effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and, consequently, efforts have been directed to develop fluorescence sensors to detect intracellular boronic acid compounds. Currently, these sensors are blue-emitting and hence are impracticable for co-staining with nucleus staining reagents, such as DAPI and Hoechst 33342. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel fluorescence boron sensor, BS-631, that emits fluorescence with a maximum emission wavelength of 631 nm after reaction with the clinically available boronic acid agent, 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA). BS-631 quantitatively detected BPA with sufficiently high sensitivity (detection limit = 19.6 µM) for evaluating BNCT agents. Furthermore, BS-631 did not emit fluorescence after incubation with metal cations. Notably, red-emitting BS-631 could easily and clearly visualize the localization of BPA within cells with nuclei co-stained using Hoechst 33342. This study highlights the promising properties of BS-631 as a versatile boron sensor for evaluating and analyzing boronic acid agents in cancer therapy.

RESUMENLa pretensión de este artículo es ofrecer una serie de reflexiones y valoraciones metodológicas sobre la historia medieval de la Iglesia y la religiosidad partiendo de algunos aspectos destacados de la producción historiográfica reciente y esbozar ciertas propuestas en la misma clave metodológica. Este ensayo reflexiona sobre temas, enfoques y perspectivas, sobre los niveles de estudio de lo religioso y sobre la integración de la historia de la Iglesia y la historia social, y aboga por una historiasocial de la Iglesia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Historia Medieval, Historia de la Iglesia y la vida religiosa en la Edad Media, Metodología histórica, Liturgia y sociedad, Tendencias historiográficas.ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to offer a series of reflections and methodological evaluations on the medieval history of the Church and religiosity based on some outstanding aspects of recent historiographical production, and to outline certain proposals in the same methodological vein. This essay reflects on themes, approaches and perspectives, on the levels of study of the religious and on the integration of the history of the Church and social history, and advocates a social history of the Church.KEY WORDS: Medieval History, History of the Church and religious life in the Middle Ages, historical methodology, liturgy and society, historiographical trends. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAbad Ibáñez, J. A., La celebración del misterio cristiano, Pamplona, Eunsa, 1996.Andrés-Gallego, J., “Historia religiosa en España”, Anuario de historia de la Iglesia, 4 (1995), pp. 259-270.Araus Ballesteros, L. y Prieto Sayagüés, J. A. (coords.), Las tres religiones en la Baja Edad Media peninsular. Espacios, percepciones y manifestaciones, Madrid, La Ergástula, 2018.Arranz Guzmán, A., “Amores desordenados y otros pecadillos del clero”, en Carrasco Manchado, A. I. y Rábade Obradó, M. del P. (coords.), Pecar en la Edad Media, Madrid, Sílex, 2008, pp. 227-262.Asensio Palacios, J. C., “Neuma, espacio y liturgia. La ordenación sonora en Compostela según el Codex Calixtinus”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 131-152.Asociación de historia religiosa contemporánea, http://www.aehrc.es/ (consulta: 2-1-2019).Associaçâo Nacional de História, Brasil, http://www.snh2013.anpuh.org/ (consulta: 28-12-2018).Aurell, J. y Pavón Benito, J. (eds.), Ante la muerte: actitudes, espacios y formas en la España medieval, Pamplona, Universidad de Navarra, 2002.Bartolomé Herrero, B., Iglesia y vida religiosa en la Segovia medieval (1072-1406), Tesis Doctoral, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 2000.Bartolomé Herrero, B., “Los obispos de Segovia en la Edad Media. Siglos XII, XIII y XIV”, Anthologica annua, 63 (2016), pp. 11-561.Bazán Díaz, I., Los herejes de Durango y la búsqueda de la Edad del Espíritu Santo en el siglo XV, Durango, Museo de historia y arte de Durango, 2007.Beceiro Pita. I. (dir.): La espiritualidad y la configuración de los reinos ibéricos (siglos XII-XV), Madrid, Dykinson, 2018.Bricourt, H. Hélène y Klöckener, M. (eds.), Liturgie, pensée théologique et mentalités religieuses au haut Moyen Âge. Le témoignage des sources liturgiques, Munster, Aschendorff Verlag, 2016.Burke, P., ¿Qué es la historia cultural? Barcelona, Paidós Ibérica, 2006.Bynum, C., Christian Materiality: An Essay on Religion in Late Medieval Europe, Brooklyn, Zone Books, 2011.Carrasco Manchado, A. I. y Rábade Obradó, M. del P. (coords.), Pecar en la Edad Media, Madrid, Sílex, 2008.Carrero Santamaría, E. y Rico Camps, D., “La organización del espacio litúrgico hispánico entre los siglos VI y XI”, Antiquité tardive: revue internationale d’histoire et d’archéologie (Ejemplar dedicado a Isidore de Séville et son temps), 23 (2015), pp. 239-248.Cavero Domínguez, G., Martín Fernández, un obispo leonés del siglo XIII. Poder y gobierno, Madrid, La Ergástula, 2018.Clío & Crimen (2004), 1, “Las herejías medievales”; (2010), 7, dedicado a “Pecado-Crimen y Penitencia-Castigo en la Edad Media a través de la literatura y el arte”. http://www.durango-udala.net/portalDurango/p_86_final_Contenedor_5.jsp?seccion=s_ldes_d1_v1.jsp&codbusqueda=196&codMenuPN=265&codMenu=145&tmn=1&language=es (consulta: 2-1-2019).Cueva Merino, J. de la, Montero, F. y Louzao, J. (eds.), La historia religiosa de la España contemporánea. Balance y perspectivas, Alcalá, Universidad de Alcalá, 2017.Christian, Jr., W. A., Apariciones en Castilla y Cataluña (siglos XIV-XVI), Madrid, Nerea, 1990.Díaz Ibáñez, J., La Iglesia de Cuenca en la Edad Media (siglos XII-XV): estructura institucional y relaciones de poder, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 2001.Domínguez Sánchez, S., Documentos de Gregorio IX (1227-1241) referentes a España, León, Universidad de León, 2004.Domínguez Sánchez, S., Documentos de Nicolás IV (1288-1292) referentes a España, León, Universidad de León, 2009.Domínguez Sánchez, S., Documentos pontificios medievales del Monasterio de Santa María de Poblet (1132-1499), León, Universidad de León, 2017.Donado Vara, J., Echevarría Arsuaga, A. y Barquero Goñi, C., La Edad Media: siglos V-XII. Madrid, Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces – UNED, 2009;Donado Vara, J., Echevarría Arsuaga, A. y Barquero Goñi, C., La Edad Media: siglos XIII-XV. Madrid, Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces – UNED, 2009.Esteban, A. y Étienvre, J.-P. (eds.), Fêtes et liturgie, fiestas y liturgia, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez-Universidad Complutense, 1988.Fasti ecclesiae gallicanae. https://fasti.huma-num.fr/feg/%3Cfront%3E (consulta: 4-12-2018).Fernández Conde, F. J., “La transmisión del saber en una sociedad predominantemente analfabeta: Una catequesis permanente”, en Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, XVI, Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1994, pp. 863-890.Fernández Gallardo, L., Alonso de Cartagena: iglesia, política y cultura en la Castilla del siglo XV, Tesis Doctoral, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 2003.García de Cortázar, J. Á. y Sesma Muñoz, J. Á., Historia de la Edad Media. Una síntesis interpretativa, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1988, con sucesivas reediciones.García de Cortázar, J. Á., “La Civitas Dei: la ciudad como centro de vida religiosa en el siglo XIII”, en González Jiménez, M. (ed.), El mundo urbano en la Castilla del siglo XIII, Sevilla, Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real, Fundación El Monte, 2006, pp. 275-301.García Guzmán, M. del M., La sociedad de El Puerto de Santa María a finales de la Edad Media a través de sus testamentos, El Puerto de Santa María, Ayuntamiento de El Puerto de Santa María, 2007.García Hernán, E., “Visión acerca del estado actual en España de la Historia de la Iglesia”, Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia, 16 (2007), pp. 281-308.García Oro, J., Cisneros: el cardenal de España, Barcelona, Ariel, 2002.García y García, A., “Religiosidad popular y festividades en el Occidente peninsular”, en A. Esteban y J.-P. Étienvre (eds.), Fêtes et liturgie, fiestas y liturgia, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez-Universidad Complutense, 1988, pp. 45-51.García y García, A., Alonso Rodríguez, B. y Cantelar Rodríguez, F., El “Libro de las confesiones” de Martín Pérez. Una radiografía de la sociedad medieval española, Salamanca, Instituto de Historia de la Teología Española, 1992.Gerbet, M. C., “La vida religiosa de los laicos”, en B. Benassar (dir.), Historia de los españoles, I, siglos VI-XVI, Barcelona, Crítica, 1989.González Novalín, J. L., “Infiltraciones de la devoción popular a Jesús y a María en la liturgia romana de la baja Edad Media”, Studium Ovetense, 3 (1975), pp. 259-285;González Novalín, J. L., “Misas supersticiosas y misas votivas en la piedad popular del tiempo de la Reforma”, Miscelánea José Zunzunegui (1911-1974), II (1975), pp. 1-40.Guerreau, A., El futuro de un pasado. La Edad Media en el siglo XXI, Barcelona, Crítica, 2002.Guijarro González, S., Maestros, Escuelas y Libros: El Universo Cultural de las Catedrales en la Castilla Medieval, Madrid, Universidad Carlos III-Dykinson, 2004.Hamburger, J. F., Schlotheuber, E., Marti, S. and Fassler, M., Liturgical life and Latin Learning at Paradies bei Soest, 1300-1425, Inscription and Illumination in the Choir Books of a North German Dominican Convent, Aschendorff Verlag, Munster, 2016, 2 v.Historia de las diócesis españolas, http://bac-editorial.es/17-historia-de-las-diocesis (consulta: 6-12-2018).Iogna-Prat, D., Palazzo, É. et Russo, D. (eds.), Marie. Le culte de la Vierge dans la société médievale, París, Beauchesne, 1996.Jiménez López de Eguileta, J. E., “Expresiones de la religiosidad medieval en la región gaditana (siglos XIII-XIV)”, Alcanate, 10 (2016-2017), pp. 139-195.Jungmann, S. I., J. A., El sacrificio de la misa. Tratado histórico-litúrgico, Madrid, Editorial Católica, 1953, 2ª ed. (trad. de la 3ª ed. alemana Missarum Solemnia, Wien, 1949).Kroesen, J., “The Altar and its Decorations in Medieval Churches”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 153-183.Ladero Quesada, M. Á. y Nieto Soria, J. M., “Iglesia y sociedad en los siglos XIII al XV (ámbito castellano-leonés)”, En la España medieval, 11 (1998), pp. 125-151.Ladero Quesada, M. Á. y Sánchez Herrero, J., “Iglesia y ciudades”, Las ciudades andaluzas (siglos XIII-XVI). VI Coloquio Internacional de Historia Medieval de Andalucía. Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 1991, pp. 227-264.Ladero Quesada, M. Á., “Tinieblas y claridades de la Edad Media”, en E. Benito Ruano (coord.), Tópicos y realidades de la Edad Media, I, Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, 2000, pp. 78-81.Ladero Quesada, M. Á., “Historia de la Iglesia de España medieval”, en J. Andrés Gallego (ed.), La historia de la Iglesia en España y el mundo hispano, Murcia, Universidad Católica San Antonio, 2001, pp. 121-190.Ladero Quesada, M. Á., Las fiestas en la cultura medieval, Barcelona, Areté, 2004.Lop Otín, M. J., El cabildo catedralicio de Toledo en el siglo XV. Aspectos institucionales y sociológicos, Madrid, Fundación Ramón Areces, 2003.Lop Otín, M. J., “Las catedrales y los cabildos catedralicios de la Corona de Castilla durante la Edad Media. Un balance historiográfico”, En la España medieval, 26 (2003), pp. 371-404.Lop Otín, M. J., “Un grupo de poder a fines de la Edad Media: los canónigos de la catedral de Toledo”, Anuario de estudios medievales, 35, 2 (2005), Ejemplar dedicado a “El clero secular en la Baja Edad Media”, pp. 635-670.Lop Otín, M. J., “El esplendor litúrgico de la Catedral primada de Toledo durante el Medievo”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 185-213.Lop Otín, M. J., “La devoción como factor de jerarquización urbana en el arzobispado de Toledo (ss. XIV-XV): Apuntes para su estudio”, Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 48/1 (2018), pp. 361-389.Lop Otín, M. J., “De catedrales, escuelas y niños: el ejemplo del Toledo bajomedieval”. Studia Historica. Edad Media, 36/2 (2018), pp. 39-60.Maldonado, L., Religiosidad popular. Nostalgia de lo mágico, Madrid, Cristiandad, 1975.Martimort, G.-A., (dir.), La Iglesia en oración. Introducción a la liturgia, Herder, Barcelona, 1992 (4ª ed. actualizada y aumentada).Martín Rodríguez, J. L., “Iglesia y vida religiosa”, en La historia medieval en España. Un balance historiográfico (1968-1998). Pamplona, Gobierno de Navarra, 1999, pp. 431-456Martínez García, L. (coord.), El Camino de Santiago: Historia y patrimonio, Burgos, Universidad de Burgos, 2011.Memoria Ecclesiae, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=8483 (consulta: 2-1-2019).Mitre Fernández, E., Fantasmas de la sociedad medieval: enfermedad, peste, muerte, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2004.Mitre Fernández, E., “Historia Eclesiástica e Historia de la Iglesia”, en Martínez San Pedro, M. D. y Segura del Pino, M. D. (coords.), La iglesia en el mundo medieval y moderno, Almería, Instituto de Estudios Almerienses, 2004, pp. 13-28.Mitre Fernández, E., Iglesia, herejía y vida política en la Europa medieval, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2007.Mitre Fernández, E., “El enclave hereje en la sociedad: el ‘otro’ cristiano entre la teología y la moral”, en López Ojeda, E. (ed.), Los caminos de la exclusión en la sociedad medieval: pecado, delito y represión. XXII Semana de Estudios Medievales. Nájera, 1-5 de agosto de 2011, Logroño, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 2012.Mitre Fernández, E., “Los ‘sacramentos sociales’. La óptica del medievalismo”, ‘Ilu. Revista de ciencias de las religiones, 19 (2014), pp. 147-171.Miura Andrades, J. M., Fundaciones religiosas y milagros en la Écija de fines de la Edad Media, Écija, Gráficas Sol, 1992.Miura Andrades, J. M. y Pérez González, S. M. (dirs.), Religiosidad sevillana: homenaje al profesor José Sánchez Herrero, Sevilla, Aconcagua Libros, 2012.Nagy, P., “L’historien de l’émotion de l’autre côté du miroir? Expérience affective dans la vita de Lukarde d’Oberweimar”, Vínculos de historia, 4 (2015), pp. 91-105.Narbona Vizcaíno, R., La ciudad y las fiestas: cultura de la representación en la sociedad medieval, Madrid, Síntesis, 2017.Nieto Soria, J. M., Iglesia y poder real en Castilla: el episcopado, 1250-1350, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 1988.Nieto Soria, J. M., “Los obispos y la catedral de León en el contexto de las relaciones monarquía-iglesia, de Fernando III a Alfonso XI”, en Yarza Luaces, J., Victoria Herráez, M. V. y Boto Varela, G., La catedral de León en la Edad Media. Congreso internacional. Actas, León, Universidad de León, Ayuntamiento de León, 2004, pp. 99-112.Ornamenta sacra, https://uclouvain.be/fr/instituts-recherche/incal/ornamenta-sacra.html (consulta: 4-12-2018).Ory, P., L’histoire culturelle, París, Presses Universitaires de France, 2004.Pablo Maroto, D. de, Espiritualidad de la Alta Edad Media (siglos VI-XII), Madrid, Editorial de Espiritualidad, 1998.Pagès Poyatos, A., “El Queenship como modelo teórico de poder formal e informal aplicado a la nobleza: apuntes para una propuesta metodológica”, Journal of Feminist, Gender and Women Studies, 5 (Marzo 2017), pp. 47-56.Palazzo, É., Liturgie et société au Moyen Âge, Paris, Aubier, 2000.J. Pérez, Cisneros, el cardenal de España, Madrid, Taurus, 2014.Pérez González, S. M., Los laicos en la Sevilla bajomedieval. Sus devociones y cofradías, Huelva, Universidad de Huelva, 2005.Pérez Vidal, M., “Algunas consideraciones sobre el estudio de la liturgia procesional y paraliturgias a través del arte en la Orden de Predicadores en Castilla”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 215-242.Pérez-Embid Wamba, J., Santos y milagros, la hagiografía medieval, Madrid, Síntesis, 2017.Resines, L., La catequesis en España. Historia y textos, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1997.Righetti, M., Historia de la liturgia, Madrid, Editorial Católica, 1955, 2 v.Rodríguez Molina, J., El obispado de Baeza-Jaén (siglos XIII-XVI): organización y economía diocesanas, Jaén, Diputación Provincial, 1986.Rubin, M., Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991.Ruiz Jiménez, J., “Música y ritual en la procesión del día de difuntos en la catedral de Sevilla (siglos XIV-XVII)”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 243-277.Ruiz de Loizaga, S., Camino de Santiago. Fuentes documentales vaticanas referentes al noroeste peninsular (siglos XIV-XV), Burgos, ed. Saturnino Ruiz de Loizaga, 2017.Sáinz Ripa, E., La documentación pontificia de Gregorio IX: 1227-1241, Roma, Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 2001.Sánchez Herrero, J. et al., Las cofradías de Sevilla historia, antropología, arte, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 1999.Sánchez Herrero, J. et al., Synodicon Baeticum. Constituciones conciliares y sinodales del arzobispado de Sevilla. Años 590 al 1604, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2007.Sánchez Herrero, J., “Unas reflexiones sobre la historia de la Iglesia de los siglos V al XV”, en Iglesia de la historia, Iglesia de la fe. Homenaje a Juan María Laboa Gallego, Madrid, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 2005, pp. 41-66.Sánchez Herrero, J., Concilios provinciales y sínodos toledanos de los siglos XIV y XV. La religiosidad del clero y pueblo, La Laguna, Universidad de La Laguna, 1976Sánchez Herrero, J., Las diócesis del Reino de León, siglos XIV y XV, León, Centro de Estudios e Investigación San Isidoro, 1978.Sanz Sancho, I., “Para el estudio de la Iglesia medieval castellana”, Estudios eclesiásticos. Revista teológica de investigación e información, 73 (1998), pp. 61-77.Sanz Sancho, I., “Notas sobre la casa de los obispos de Córdoba en la Edad Media”, Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie III, Historia medieval, 18 (2005), pp. 245-264.Sanz Sancho, I., La iglesia de Córdoba (1236–1454): Una diócesis de la provincia eclesiástica de Toledo en la baja Edad Media, Madrid, Fundación Ramón Areces, 2006.Simón Valencia, M. E., El cabildo de la iglesia catedral de Burgos en la Baja Edad Media (1352-1407). Tesis doctoral. Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, 2017.Sociedad española de ciencias de las religiones, http://secr.es/ (consulta: 29-12-2018).Soto Rábanos, J. M., “Visión y tratamiento del pecado en los manuales de confesión de la baja edad media hispana”, Hispania Sacra, 58, 118 (2006), pp. 411-447.Sureda i Jubany, M., “Clero, espacios y liturgia en la catedral de Vic. La iglesia de sant Pere en los siglos XII y XIII”, Medievalia, 17 (2014), pp. 279-320.Teja, R. y García de Cortázar, J. Á., (coords.), Cristianismo marginado: rebeldes, excluidos, perseguidos. II. Del año 1000 al año 1500: actas del XII Seminario sobre Historia del Monacato, Aguilar de Campoo, Fundación Santa María La Real, 1998.Torres Jiménez, R., “Liturgia y espiritualidad en las parroquias calatravas (siglos XV-XVI)”, en Izquierdo Benito, R. y Ruiz Gómez, F. (coords.), Las Órdenes Militares en la Península Ibérica, I, Edad Media, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, 2000, pp. 1087-1116.Torres Jiménez, R., “Devoción eucarística en el Campo de Calatrava al final de la Edad Media. Consagración y elevación”, en Hevia Ballina. A. (ed.), Memoria Ecclesiae, XX. Religiosidad popular y Archivos de la Iglesia. Oviedo, Asociación de Archiveros de la Iglesia en España, 2001, I, pp. 293-328.Torres Jiménez, R., “Pecado, confesión y sociedad bajo dominio calatravo al final del Medievo”, en Adao da Fonseca, L., Amaral, L. L. C. y Ferreira, M. C. F. (coords.), Os Reinos Ibéricos na Idade Média. Livro de Homenagem ao Professor Doutor Humberto Carlos Baquero Moreno, Porto, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto / Livraria Civilizaçao Editora, 2003, vol. III, pp. 1267-1274.Torres Jiménez, R., Formas de organización y práctica religiosa en Castilla-La Nueva. Siglos XIII-XVI. Señoríos de la Orden de Calatrava. Madrid, Universidad Complutense, Col. Tesis Doctorales, 2005.Torres Jiménez, R., “Notas para una reflexión sobre el cristocentrismo y la devoción medieval a la Pasión y para su estudio en el medio rural castellano”, Hispania Sacra, 58, 118 (2006), pp. 449-487.Torres Jiménez, R., “El castigo del pecado: excomunión, purgatorio, infierno”, en López Ojeda, E. (ed.), Los caminos de la exclusión en la sociedad medieval: pecado, delito y represión. XXII Semana de Estudios Medievales de Nájera. 1 al 5 de agosto de 2011, Logroño, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 2012, pp. 245-307.Torres Jiménez, R., “Ecce Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi. Sobre los símbolos de Jesucristo en la Edad Media”, Hispania Sacra, 65, Extra I (enero-junio 2013), pp. 49-93.Torres Jiménez, R., “La devoción mariana en el marco de la religiosidad del siglo XIII”, Alcanate, 10 (2016-2017), pp. 23-59.Torres Jiménez, J., “El ‘templo vestido’. Espacios, liturgia y ornamentación textil en las iglesias del Campo de Calatrava (1471-1539)”, en Araus Ballesteros, L. y Prieto Sayagués, J. A. (coords.), Las tres religiones en la Baja Edad Media peninsular. Espacios, percepciones y manifestaciones, Madrid, La Ergástula, 2018, pp. 145-160.C. Vagaggini, El sentido teológico de la liturgia. Ensayo de liturgia teológica general, Editorial Católica, Madrid, 1959.Vauchez, A., “Les nouvelles orientations de l’histoire religieuse de la France médiévale », en Tendances, perspectives et méthodes de l’Histoire Médiévale. Actes du 100e Congrès Nacional des Sociétés Savantes, I, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 1977, pp. 95-135.Vauchez, A. (ed.), La religion civique à l’époque médiévale et moderne (Chrétienté et Islam). Actes du colloque de Nanterre (21-23 juin 1993), Roma, École française de Rome, 1995.Vauchez, A., La espiritualidad del Occidente medieval (siglos VIII-XII), Madrid, Cátedra, 1985.Vilar, H. y Branco, M. J. (eds.), Ecclesiastics and Political State Building in the Iberian Monarchies, 13th-15th centuries, Évora, Publicações do CIDEHUS-Universidade de Évora, 2016.Villarroel González, Ó., Las relaciones monarquía-Iglesia en época de Juan II de Castilla (1406-1454). Tesis doctoral. Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 2006.Villarroel González, Ó., “Álvaro Núñez de Isorna: un prelado y el poder”, Edad Media: revista de historia, 18 (2017), pp. 263-292.

Seeds of a pink flesh test line of guava (Psidium guajava L.) from India, were germinated in a greenhouse. In April 1988, 6-month-old guava seedlings were set 3 m apart in a field row while an equal number of plants in 15 liter containers, were held in the greenhouse. The field plants were more vigorous than those held in the greenhouse. However, the field plants could not survive severe winter conditions outdoors and were totally destroyed by winter freezes of 1989-90. In spring 1990, the plants held in greenhouse were transplanted in the field under a 6-mil polyethylene protective cover where they flowered during February-April 1991. Trees were productive with 52 fruits per tree, most of which reached maturity without a drop or pest problems. Fruit ripening on trees began in late August 1991. Values for such parameters as fruit weight, height from blossom end to stem end, circumference and volume were 269.3 g (±10.6), 7.3 cm (±0.1), (25.6 cm (±0.3), and 279.7 ml (±11.4), respectively. Actual values ranged from 117 to 597 g, 5.5 to 10.1 cm, 19.3 to 33.2 cm, and 131 to 639 ml, respectively. Tree-ripe fruits had pink tinge on yellow-green skin and pink colored thick flesh had mild aroma and good flavor. Guava can be successful in Middle Georgia with proper care for cold protection.

UDK 639.111.7:630*45(497.6) Medvjed mrki (Ursus arctos L.) je najkrupnija vrsta karnivora u Bosni i Hercegovini. Usljed kompeticije za resurse sa ljudima, ova vrsta je nestala iz najvećeg broja evropskih zemalja prije više stotina godina. U Bosni i Hercegovini, intenzivno gazdovanje medvjdom provodi se od 1955. godine. Dopunsko prihranjivanje je bilo glavna karakteristika ovakvog načina gazdovanja, u pokušaju da se reduciraju štete koje medvjedi čine na stoci, usjevima, voćnjacima i pčelinjacima. Prve značajne štete, uzrokovane guljenjem kore na stablima od medvjeda, zabilježene su 1983. godine. Neki radovi i studije iz tog vremena navodili su na zaključak da je primarni uzrok guljenja kore na stablima nedostatak mineralnih sastojaka u ishrani medvjeda. Drugi navode visoku koncentraciju medvjeda na lokalitetima oko hranilišta kao mogući uzrok guljenja kore na stablima. Drastična regulacija brojnosti medvjeda u periodu 1992.-1995. godine, i nedostatak bilo kakvog gazdovanja (dopunsko prihranjiivanje), sve do 1998. godine, uzrokovalo je odsustvo šteta na sastojinama ili iste nisu bile registrovane. Nove, značajne štete registrovane su 2006. godine u području Vlašića i 2008. godine na području Koprivnice. U ovom radu, prikupili smo i obradili podatke o intenzitetu, vremenu i mjestu nastanka štete od medvjeda na dva lokaliteta u Srednjobosanskom kantonu. Uporedili smo prethodne podatke o štetama (do 1992. godine) sa sadašnjim. Takođe, komentarisani su mogući uzroci, mjere prevencije i zaštite, njihova efikasnost i posljedice po šumske sastojine.

Langlands [On the classification of irreducible representations of real algebraic groups, Math. Surveys Monogr., vol. 31, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1989, pp. 101–170] defined L L -packets for real reductive groups. In order to refine the local Langlands correspondence, Adams-Barbasch-Vogan [The Langlands classification and irreducible characters for real reductive groups, Progress in Mathematics, vol. 104, Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 1992] combined L-packets over all real forms belonging to an inner class. In the tempered setting, using different methods, Kaletha [Ann. of Math. (2) 184 (2016), pp. 559–632] also defines such combined L-packets with a refinement to the local Langlands correspondence. We prove that the tempered L-packets of Adams-Barbasch-Vogan and Kaletha are the same and are parameterized identically.

Lokananta varieties are one of the best vegetables in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of Giberlin on the formation of red onion buds for superfruit in vitro. The research was carried out in the Laboratory and Garden Experiments of Panca Budi Development University, Medan, which began in March until January 2019. The research was using a non-factorial Complete Design (RAL) non-factorial analysis, which was analyzed using the analysis of the data obtained, with the analysis of the data obtained. germination (%), number of leaves (cm), number of roots (fruit). and root length (cm) have no effect. References Ariani, E., F.Y. Wicaksono, A.W. Irwan, T. Nurmala, and Y. Yuwariah. 2015. Pengaruh berbagai pengaturan jarak tanam dan konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) kultivar dewata di dataran medium Jatinangor. Agric. Sci. J., 2(1):31–52. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014. Produksi Bawang Merah Sumatera Utara. Biro Statistik Sumatera Utara, Medan. Elfianis, R, S. Hartina, I. Permanasari dan J. Handoko. Pengaruh Skarifikasi dan Hormaon Giberelin (GA3) Terhadap Daya Kecambah dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Palem Putri (Veitchia meerilli). Harahap, F. 2011. Kultur Jaringan Tanaman. Penerbit Unimed, Medan. Heddy, S. 1986. Hormon Tumbuhan. CV Rajawali. Jakarta. Iriani Enndang. 2013. Prospek Pengenbangan Inovasi Teknologi Bawang Merah di Lahan Sub Optimal (Lahan Pasir) Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi (BPTP) Jawa Tengah. Lakitan, B. 1996. Fisiologi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta. Luta, D.A., Siregar, M., Sabrina, T. and Harahap, F.S., 2020. Peran Aplikasi Pembenah Tanah Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(1), pp.121-125. Pavlista, A.D., K. Santra, and D.D. Baltensperger. 2013. Bioassay of winter wheat for gibberellic acid sensitivity. Am. J. of Plant Sci., 4:2015-2022. Salisbury, F.B. dan C.W. Ross. 1995. Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Biokimia Tumbuhan, Jilid 2. Penerjemah: Lukman D.R dan Sumaryono. Penerbit ITB. Bandung. Sari, H. P., C. Hanum, dan Charlog. 2014. Daya Kecambah dan Pertumbuhan Mucuna bracteata Melalui Pematahan Dormansi dan Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Giberelin (Ga3). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2 (2) : 630- 644. Surajudin As’ad., R. Yusuf, dan H. Mas’ud. 2015. Respon Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Varietas Lembah Palu Terhadap Pemberian Jenis Mulsa Dan Pupuk Organik Cair. Wattimena. 1988. Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Tanaman. PAU Bioteknologi IPB. Bogor.

Tax reform is, as it should be, a major issue on the political agenda. Wealth taxation should form part of the basis of that agenda if any of the goals, particularly that of equality of opportunity, which we cherish as a civilized and democratic society, are to be realized.Maureen A. Maloney,“Distributive Justice: That is the Wealth Tax Issue,”(1988) 20 Ottawa L. Rev. 601 at 635.After two decades of decline and indifference in the Anglo-American world, the subject of taxing inherited wealth has recently begun to resurface. In the past five years, the number of books and articles on the topic has shown a noticeable increase. And in Ontario, Canada’s most populous and industrialized province, the unexpected election of the New Democratic Party in September 1991, promising to reintroduce a provincial succession duty, has put the issue back on the political agenda.

ABSTRACT An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for the measurement of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) in human plasma has been developed, optimized and evaluated clinically in normal subjects and patients with disorders of the GH/IGF-I axis. Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to recombinant human IGF-II (rhIGF-II) were produced, all of which had low cross-reactivity with rhIGF-I (< 0·01%) and insulin (< 0·01%). Compatibility of pairs of MAbs was tested in two-site IRMAs using three radioiodinated MAbs and three MAbs linked to Sephacryl S-300 (with separation of bound and free radiolabelled MAb by sucrose layering). Seven pairs of MAbs bound rhIGF-II and the combination of 125I-labelled W3D9 and W2H1 linked to solid phase was selected. The optimized assay had a completion time of 4 h, a minimum detection limit of 30 ng/ml (2·5 standard deviations from the zero standard) and detected a single peak of endogenous IGF-II in normal plasma which co-eluted with rhIGF-II after acid gel chromatography. IGF-II was measured in formic acid/acetone extracts of plasma from 16 normal subjects (mean 685, range 516–1008 μg/l), four acromegalic patients (mean 637, range 553–700 μg/l), fourteen patients with type-1 diabetes (mean 635, range 247–753 μg/l), nine patients with uraemia (mean 423, range 78–850 μg/l), and three patients with Laron-type GH insensitivity (75, 35 and 36 μg/l). No significant fluctuations were detected between samples obtained hourly from 08.00 to 19.00 h in normal subjects. Low levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) remaining in plasma extracts may interfere with the measurement of IGF-II and give rise to falsely elevated IGF-II levels in radioimmunoassays or falsely suppressed levels in IRMAs. Such interference did not occur with the IRMA when used to measure IGF-II in extracts from normal subjects, acromegalic patients and patients with type-1 diabetes, and the addition of excess rhIGF-I in order to displace IGF-II from residual IGFBPs had no effect on IGF-II measurements in these samples. However, levels of IGF-II measured in extracts from patients with Laron-type GH insensitivity and patients with uraemia increased markedly after preincubation with excess rhIGF-I. The accurate measurement of IGF-II by IRMA in extracts from these subjects therefore requires the displacement of IGF-II from IGFBPs prior to assay. We conclude that, in contrast to radioimmunoassays, the two-site IRMA developed here provides a practical, rapid and specific method for the measurement of IGF-II in human plasma. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 141–150

Background Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis which can occur after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is a public health problem in VL endemic areas. We conducted a systematic scoping review to assess the characteristics of published PKDL clinical studies, understand the scope of research and explore the feasibility and value of developing a PKDL individual patient data (IPD) platform. Methods A systematic review of published literature was conducted to identify PKDL clinical studies by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, WHO Global Index Medicus, PASCAL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid Global Health, Cochrane Database and CENTRAL, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Only prospective studies in humans with PKDL diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up measurements between January 1973 and March 2023 were included. Extracted data includes variables on patient characteristics, treatment regimens, diagnostic methods, geographical locations, efficacy endpoints, adverse events and statistical methodology. Results A total of 3,418 records were screened, of which 56 unique studies (n = 2,486 patients) were included in this review. Out of the 56 studies, 36 (64.3%) were from India (1983–2022), 12 (21.4%) from Sudan (1992–2021), 6 (10.7%) were from Bangladesh (1991–2019), and 2 (3.6%) from Nepal (2001–2007). Five (8.9%) studies were published between 1981–1990 (n = 193 patients), 10 (17.9%) between 1991–2000 (n = 230 patients), 10 (17.9%) between 2001–2010 (n = 198 patients), and 31 (55.4%) from 2011 onwards (n = 1,865 patients). Eight (14.3%) were randomised clinical trials, and 48 (85.7%) were non-randomised studies. The median post-treatment follow-up duration was 365 days (range: 90–540 days) in 8 RCTs and 360 days (range: 28–2,373 days) in 48 non-randomised studies. Disease diagnosis was based on clinical criterion in 3 (5.4%) studies, a mixture of clinical and parasitological methods in 47 (83.9%) and was unclear in 6 (10.7%) studies. Major drugs used for treatment were miltefosine (n = 636 patients), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) (n = 508 patients), and antinomy regimens (n = 454 patients). Ten other drug regimens were tested in 270 patients with less than 60 patients per regimen. Conclusions Our review identified studies with very limited sample size for the three major drugs (miltefosine, L-AmB, and pentavalent antimony), while the number of patients combined across studies suggest that the IPD platform would be valuable. With the support of relevant stakeholders, the global PKDL community and sufficient financing, a PKDL IPD platform can be realised. This will allow for exploration of different aspects of treatment safety and efficacy, which can potentially guide future healthcare decisions and clinical practices.

Adjacent but separate trials of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold', both triploid pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] × grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) hybrids, were established on nine rootstocks in the Indian River citrus region of Florida in 1993. The trees on the citrandarin rootstock ×639 [Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) × trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.)] were significantly more productive than trees on any other rootstock tested for `Oroblanco' and all rootstocks except Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin for `Melogold'. Cumulative production of `Oroblanco' on ×639, through year 9, was 50% higher than for Swingle or Volkamer lemon [C. limon (L.)], which were the next highest in yield. `Melogold' displayed extremely low yield, with 45% of trees producing fewer than 50 fruit total in the 9 years of this study. Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis Osbeck × P. trifoliata) produced the smallest trees with both scion varieties, reflecting poor adaptation of this rootstock to the calcareous soil at the trial site. As expected, acidity of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold' was much lower than would be observed for grapefruit when fall harvested, with similar total soluble solids (TSS), and much higher TSS: titratable acidity ratio. Some rootstock effects on internal quality were observed.

Cytochrome P450eryF (CYP107A) from Saccaropolyspora ertherea catalyzes the hydroxylation of 6-deoxyerythronolide B, one of the early steps in the biosynthesis of erythromycin. P450eryF has an alanine rather than the conserved threonine that participates in the activation of dioxygen (O2) in most other P450s. The initial structure of P450eryF (Cupp-Vickery, J. R., Han, O., Hutchinson, C. R., and Poulos, T. L. (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 632–637) suggests that the substrate 5-OH replaces the missing threonine OH group and holds a key active site water molecule in position to donate protons to the iron-linked dioxygen, a critical step for the monooxygenase reaction. To probe the proton delivery system in P450eryF, we have solved crystal structures of ferrous wild-type and mutant (Fe2+) dioxygen-bound complexes. The catalytic water molecule that was postulated to provide protons to dioxygen is absent, although the substrate 5-OH group donates a hydrogen bond to the iron-linked dioxygen. The hydrogen bond network observed in the wild-type ferrous dioxygen complex, water 63-Glu360-Ser246-water 53-Ala241 carbonyl in the I-helix cleft, is proposed as the proton transfer pathway. Consistent with this view, the hydrogen bond network in the O2·A245S and O2 ·A245T mutants, which have decreased or no enzyme activity, was perturbed or disrupted, respectively. The mutant Thr245 side chain also perturbs the hydrogen bond between the substrate 5-OH and dioxygen ligand. Contrary to the previously proposed mechanism, these results support the direct involvement of the substrate in O2 activation but raise questions on the role water plays as a direct proton donor to the iron-linked dioxygen.

The objective of this research is to present a proposal of the production function of the circular economy to contribute to the conceptual development of local productive systems. A systematic review of the literature and a critical discourse analysis were used, allowing to adjust the production functions within the LPS. The results describe how LPSs can be within into a circular productive dynamic allowing a change in the focus of the production function, which in the dominanteconomic discourse ignores possible resources and only assumes linear management models, within these systems. In conclusion, by adjusting the production function for SPLs in a dynamic circular economy, it allows the incorporation of waste as a type of secondary capital in production processes. Keywords: local productive systems, linear economy, circular economy. References [1]M. Scalone, "Introducción al enfoque de sistemas en agricultura y su aplicación para el desarrollo de sistemas de producción sostenibles". 2007. [2]M. Astudillo, "Fundamentos de Economia 1", Primera edición. México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas. 2012. [3]R. Tansini, "Economía para no economistas" Uruguay: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2000, 198. [4]M. A. Sánchez, "La clasificación de los factores de producción fue retomada de: Parkin, Michael. Economía. Octava edición. México: Pearson Educación, 2009, 3.[5]P. Triunfo, M. Torello, N. Berretta, L. Vicente, U. Della-Mea, M. Bergara, … and M. González, "Economía para no economistas". Montevideo: Departamento deSociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2003. [6]C. Massad, "Economía para todos". Chile: Banco Central de Chile, 2010, 59. [7]R. Pindyck, D. Rubinfeld, "Microeconomía" Prentice Hall. 1995. [8]C.L Garcia, "Economía circular y su papel en el diseño e innovación sustentable", Libros Editorial UNIMAR, 2017. [9]V. Prieto-Sandoval, C. Jaca and M. Ormazabal. "Economía circular: Relación con la evolución del concepto de sostenibilidad y estrategias para su implementación", Memoria de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Universidad de Montevideo: Facultad de Ingeniería, 2017. [10]P. Samuelson, W. Nordhaus, "Microeconomia", 19a edición. México: Mc Graw Hill, 2017. [11]T. Winpenny, "El valor del medio ambiente. Métodos de valoración económica", Varsovia, 1995. [12]E. Neumayer, "Preserving Natural Capital in a World of Uncertainty and Scarce Financial Resources", International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 5 (1), 1998, 27-42. [13]D. Kiełczewski, "Sustainable development - the essence, interpretations, relationship with the knowledge society", Economics of sustainable development. Study materials: Szkoła Ekonomiczna, Białystok, 2010, 10-29. [14]F. Aguilera, V. Alcántara, "De la economía ambiental a la economía ecológica". Barcelona: ICARIA: FUHEM, 1994. [15]Ellen MacArthur Foundation, "Towards The Circular Economy, Economic and Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition", Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013. [16]D. Pieńkowski, Kapitał naturalny w teoretycznych analizach czynników produkcji. Ekonomia i Środowisko, No. 1(21), 2002. [17]D. Pieńkowski, "Czasopismo Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych", Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i ZasobówNaturalnych Białystok. No. 2 (57), 2016. [18]D. Audretsch, "Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production" American Economic Review 86, 1996, 630–640. [19]F. Morales, "Desarrollo: los retos de los municipios mexicanos", Centro de Estudios Municipales Heriberto Jara, 2000. [Online]. Available: www.cedemun.org.mx. [20]Ramírez, N., Mungaray, A., Ramírez, M., and Texis, M. "Economías de escala y rendimientos crecientes: Una aplicación en microempresas mexicanas. Economía mexicana". Nueva época, 19(2), 2010, 213-230. [Online]. Available: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S166520452010000200001&lng=es&tlng=es. 2010. [21]P. Krugman, "Urban Concentration: The Role of Increasing Returns, and Transport Costs", International Regional Science Review, 19, 1996, 5-30. [22]G. Perry, W.F. Maloney, O.S. Arias, P. Fajnzylber, A.D. Mason and J. Saavedra-Chanduvi. Informalidad: Escape y exclusión. Washington, Banco Mundial, 2007. [23]G. Garófoli, "The Italian Model of Spatial Development in the 1970s and 1980s", Industrial Change & Regional Development. Belhaven Press, London, 1991. [24]G. Garofoli, "Las experiencias de desarrollo económico local en Europa: las enseñanzas para América Latina". San José, Costa Rica: URB-AL III, 2009.

Проведено исследование фазовых равновесий в тройной системе Sn–As–P в области высокой концентрации летучих компонентов. Методами рентгенофазового и дифференциального термического анализа изучены сплавы политермического разреза SnAs–P. Показано, что растворимость фосфора в моноарсениде олова в направлении этого разреза менее 0.05 мол.д. фосфора. Построена Т-х диаграмма политермического сечения SnAs–Р. Наличие на Т-х диаграмме горизонтали при температуре 827±2 К соответствует реализации в системе Sn–As–P нонвариантного перитектического равновесия L + (d) ↔ b + g , где (d), b и g – трехкомпонентные твердые растворы на основе As1-xPx, SnAs и SnP3 соответственно REFERENCES Zhang W., Mao J., Li S., Chen Z., Guo Z. Phosphorus-Based Alloy Materials for Advanced Potassium-Ion Battery Anode // Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, v. 139(9), pp. 3316–3319. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b12185 Liu S., Zhang H., Xu L., Ma L., Chen X. Solvothermal preparation of tin phosphide as a long-life anode for advanced lithium and sodium ion batteries // of Power Sources, 2016, v. 304, pp. 346–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.056 Zhang W., Pang W., Sencadas V., Guo Z. Understanding High-Energy-Density Sn4P3 Anodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries // Joule, 2018, v. 2(8), pp. 1534–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04022 Lan D., Wang W., Shi L., Huang Y., Hu L., Li Q. Phase pure Sn4P3 nanotops by solution-liquid-solid growth for anode application in sodium ion batteries // Mater. Chem. A, 2017, v. 5, pp. 5791–5796. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA10685D Mogensen R., Maibach J., Naylor A. J., Younesi R. Capacity fading mechanism of tin phosphide anodes in sodium-ion batteries // Dalton Trans., 2018, v. 47, pp. 10752–10758. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01068d Kamali A. R., Fray D. J. Tin-based materials as advanced anode materials for lithium ion batteries: a review // Adv. Mater. Sci., 2011, v. 27, pp. 14–24. URL: http://194.226.210.10/e-journals/RAMS/no12711/kamali.pdf Kovnir K. A., Kolen’ko Y. V., Baranov A. I., Neira I. S., Sobolev A. V., Yoshimura M., Presniakov I. A., Shevelkov A. V. Sn4As3 revisited: Solvothermal synthesis and crystal and electronic structure // Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2009, v. 182(5), pp. 630–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2008.12.007 Semenova G. V., Kononova E. Yu., Sushkova T. P. Polythermal section Sn4P3 – Sn4As3 // Russian J. of Inorganic Chemistry, 2013, v. 58 (9), pp. 1242–1245. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044457X13090201 Sushkova T. P, Semenova G. V., Naumov A. V., Proskurina E. Yu. Solid solutions in the system Sn-As-P // Bulletin of VSU. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2017, v. 3, pp. 30–36. URL: http://www. vestnik.vsu.ru/pdf/chembio/2017/03/2017-03-05.pdf Semenova G. V., Sushkova T. P, Tarasova L. A., Proskurina E. Yu. Phase equilibria in a Sn-As-P system with a tin concentration less than 50 mol. % // Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2017, v. 19(3), pp. 408–416. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2017.19/218 Semenova G. V., Sushkova T. P., Zinchenko E. N., Yakunin S. V. Solubility of phosphorus in tin monoarsenide // Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2018, v. 20(4), pp. 644-649. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/639 Semenova G. V., Goncharov E. G. Solid Solutions Involving Elements of the Fifth Group. – Мoscow, MFTI Publ., 2000, 160 p. (in Russ.) Okamoto H. Phase diagrams for binary alloys, Second Edition. Materials Park, OH.: ASM International, 2010, 810 р. URL: https://www.asminternational. org/...pdf/c36eeb4e-d6ec-4804-b319-e5b0600ea65d Shirotani , Shiba S., Takemura K., Shimomura О., Yagi Т. Pressure-induced phase transitions of phosphorus-arsenic alloys // Physica B: Condensed Matter, 1993, v. 190, pp. 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(93)90462-F Arita M., Kamo K. Measurement of vapor pressure of phosphorus over Sn-P alloys by dew point method // Jpn. Inst. Met., 1985, v. 26(4), pp. 242–250. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.26.242 Zavrazhnov A. Yu., Semenova G. V., Proskurina E. Yu., Sushkova T. P. Phase diagram of the Sn–P system // Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018, v. 134(1), pp. 475–481. https://doi.orgh/10.1007/s10973-018-7123-0 Gokcen N. A. The As-Sn (Arsenic-Tin) system // Bulletin of alloy phase diagrams, 1990, v. 11(3), pp. 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03029298

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted in which the digestibility of alfalfa pellets and methane and heat productions were measured in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer in February/March 1995 and in April/May 1995. Voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) while animals were individually fed averaged 70, 87 and 68 g kg−0.75 d−1, respectively (P = 0.05), and was generally higher in April/May than in February/March. Corresponding organic digestibilities were 52.9, 54.1 and 49.1% (P = 0.10). There was also a trend (P < 0.1) for fiber digestibilities to be lowest for deer. Methane production (L kg−1 DMI), was 30.1, 23.5, and 15.0 L kg−1 for bison, wapiti and deer, respectively (P = 0.01), with more (P < 0.01) methane being produced in February/March than in April/May (28 vs. 18 L kg−1 DMI). No differences in heat production (kJ kg−0.75) or estimated energy requirements for maintenance could be detected between species, although animals numerically produced 40% more heat (881 vs. 632 kJ kg−0.75, P = 0.13) in April/May when feed intakes were higher than in February/March. It was concluded that DMI of native ungulates is higher in spring than winter and that methane emissions per unit feed consumed were the highest with bison and the least with white-tailed deer. Key words: Bison, deer, wapiti, digestibility, methane, calorimetry

In mature neurons, tau is abundant in axons, whereas microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and MAP2C are specifically localized in dendrites. Known mechanisms involved in the compartmentalization of these cytoskeletal proteins include the differential localization of mRNA (MAP2 mRNA in dendrites, MAP2C mRNA in cell body, and Tau mRNA in proximal axon revealed by in situ hybridization) (Garner, C.C., R.P. Tucker, and A. Matus. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 336:674-677; Litman, P., J. Barg, L. Rindzooski, and I. Ginzburg. 1993. Neuron. 10:627-638), suppressed transit of MAP2 into axons (revealed by cDNA transfection into neurons) (Kanai, Y., and N. Hirokawa. 1995. Neuron. 14:421-432), and differential turnover of MAP2 in axons vs dendrites (Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:4127-4131). To investigate whether differential turnover of MAPs contributes to localization of other major MAPs in general, we microinjected biotinylated tau, MAP2C, or MAP2 into mature spinal cord neurons in culture (approximately 3 wk) and then analyzed their fates by antibiotin immunocytochemistry. Initially, each was detected in axons and dendrites, although tau persisted only in axons, whereas MAP2C and MAP2 were restricted to cell bodies and dendrites. Injected MAP2C and MAP2 bound to dendritic microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in axons, while injected tau bound to axonal microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in dendrites. Thus, beyond contributions from mRNA localization and selective axonal transport, compartmentalization of each of the three major MAPs occurs through local differential turnover.

RESUMENEl culto a los muertos es una práctica documentada en el ser humano desde tiempos prehistóricos. Uno de los fenómenos funerarios que revisten mayor popularidad dentro de la Prehistoria Reciente es el megalitismo, desarrollado en amplios territorios de Europa desde mediados del v milenio cal BC, y caracterizado por la construcción de grandes tumbas colectivas cuyo imaginario permanece en el folclore popular hasta nuestros días. En este trabajo se ofrece una interpretación de las prácticas funerarias que engloban dicho fenómeno a partir del estudio regional del conjunto megalítico de la Lora burgalesa, en el noreste de la Submeseta Norte española. Tras décadas de estudio, que en los últimos años se ha focalizado en el análisis de las colecciones esqueléticas, ha sido posible profundizar en el conocimiento de las sociedades que enterraban a sus muertos en estas tumbas. Palabras clave: megalitismo, prácticas funerarias, enterramientos colectivosTopónimos: Lora burgalesa, Submeseta Norte españolaPeriodo: Neolítico Final, Calcolítico ABSTRACTThe cult of the death has been a well-documented human activity since prehistoric times. A popular funerary phenomenon of Neolithic period is megalithism, developed in large areas of Europe from the mid-5th millennium BC. It is characterised by the construction of large collective tombs that have remained in popular folklore to the present day. This paper offers an interpretative approach to the funerary practices involved in this phenomenon from the regional study of the megalithic complex of la Lora burgalesa, in the northeast of the Spanish North Plateau. Decades of study, which in recent years focus on the analysis of skeletal collections, have provided us with a better knowledge of the societies that buried their ancestors in these tombs. Keywords: megalithism, funerary practices, collective tombsPlace names: Lora burgalesa, Spanish North PlateauPeriod: Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic REFERENCIASAcsádi, G. y Nemeskéri, J. (1970): History of Human Life, Span and Mortality. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó.Alesan, A., Malgosa, A. y Simó, C. (1999): “Looking into the demography of an Iron Age population in the Western Mediterranean. I. Mortality”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 110(3): 285-301.AlQahtani, S. J., Hector, M. P. y Liversidge, H. M. (2010): “Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142(3): 481-490. —(2014): “Accuracy of dental age estimation charts: Schour and Massler, Ubelaker and the London Atlas”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 154(1): 70-78.Alt, K. W., Zesch, S., Garrido-Pena, R., Knipper, C., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Roth, C., … y Rojo-Guerra, M. A. (2016): “A community in life and death: The late neolithic megalithic tomb at Alto de Reinoso (Burgos, Spain)”. PLoS ONE, 11(1). Álvarez-Vidaurre, E. (2006): “Percepción y reutilización de monumentos durante la prehistoria reciente: El caso de Navarra”. Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra, 14: 117-150.Andrés-Rupérez, M. T. (2000): “El espacio funerario dolménico: abandono y clausura”. Saldvie, 1: 59-76.Aranda, G., Díaz-Zorita, M., Hamilton, D., Milesi, L. y Sánchez, M. (2020): “The radiocarbon chronology and temporality of the megalithic cemetery of Los Millares (Almería, Spain)”. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12(5): 1-17.Balzeau, A., Turq, A., Talamo, S. et al. (2020): “Pluridisciplinary evidence for burial for the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child”. Scientific Reports, 10, 21230. Barrett, J. C. (1988): “The living, the dead and the ancestors: Neolithic and Early Bronze Age mortuary practices”. En J. C. Barrett y A. Kinnes (eds.): The Archaeology of Context in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Sheffield: Department of Prehistory Beckett, J. y Robb, J., (2006): “Neolithic Burial Taphonomy, Ritual and Interpretation in Britain and Ireland: A Review”. En R. Gowland y C. Knüsel, C. (Eds.): The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxbow, Oxford. Bellido, A. y Gómez, J. L. (1996): “Megalitismo y rituales funerarios”. Complutum extra, 6(1): 141-152.Bello, S. y Andrews, P. (2006): “The intrinsic pattern of preservation of human skeletons and its influence on the interpretation of funerary behaviours”. En R. Gowland y C. Knüsel (Eds.): Social archaeology of funerary remains. Oxford, Oxbow: 1-13.Benet, N., Pérez, R. y Santonja M. (1997): “Evidencias campaniformes en el valle medio del Tormes.” En II Congreso de Arqueología Peninsular: Zamora 24-27 de septiembre de 1996. Fundación Afonso Henriques: 449-470.Binford, L. R. (1971): “Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Their Potential”. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, 25: 6-29.Bocquet-Appel, J.P. y Masset, C. (1977) : “Estimateurs en paléodémographie”. L´Homme, 4: 65-90. Boz, B. y Hager, L. (2014): “Making sense of social behavior from disturbed and commingled skeletons: A case study from Çatalhöyük, Turkey”. En A. Osterholtz, K. Baustian y D. Martin (Eds.): Commingled and Disarticulated Human Remains. New York, Springer: 17-33.Bronk Ramsey, C. (2009): “Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates”. Radiocarbon, 51(1), 337-360.Brown, D. (1991): Human universals. New York, McGraw-Hill.Bueno, P., Barroso, R., y de Balbín, R. (2010): “Entre lo visible y lo invisible: registros funerarios de la Prehistoria reciente de la Meseta Sur”. En P. Bueno et al. (Eds.): Arqueología, Sociedad, Territorio y Paisaje. Estudios sobre Prehistoria Reciente, Protohistoria y transición al mundo romano en Homenaje a Mª. Dolores Fernández Posse. Madrid, CSIC: 53-74.—(2016): “Between east and west: megaliths in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula”. En Laporte L. y Scarre Ch. Eds.: The megalithic architectures of Europe. Oxford Oxbow books: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dpw8.19Carbonell, E. y Mosquera, M. (2006): “The emergence of a symbolic behaviour: the sepulchral pit of Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain”. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 5: 155-160.Carmona, E., Arnaiz, M. Á. y Alameda, M. C. (2014): “El dolmen de Arroyal I: usos y modificaciones durante el iii milenio cal A.C.”. En J. Honrado et al. (Eds.): II Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores del Valle del Duero. Del Neolítico a la Antigüedad Tardía (León 2012), 2. Valladolid, Glyphos: 41-54.Cauwe, N. (1997): “Les morts en mouvement. Essai sur l´origine des rites funeraires mégalithiques”. En A. Rodrígez Casal, (ed.): O Neolítico atlántico e as orixes do megalitismo. Santiago de Campostela, Universidad de Santiago: 719-737.Chamberlain, A. (2006): Demography in Archaeology. New York, Cambridge University Press.—(2009): “Archaeological Demography”. Human Biology, 81 (3): 275-286. Childe, V. G. (1958): Los orígenes de la sociedad europea. Madrid, Ciencia Nueva.Cintas-Peña, M. y Herrero-Corral, A. M. (2020). “Missing prehistoric women? Sex ratio as an indicator for analyzing the population of Iberia from the 8th to the 3rd millennia BC”. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12(11): 1-13.Clarke, D. L. (1978): Analytical archaeology (Second edition-original 1968). London, Methuen.Delibes, G. (1995): “Ritos funerarios, demografía y estructura social entre las comunidades neolíticas de la submeseta norte”. En R. Fábregas, F. Pérez y C. Fernández (coords.): Arqueoloxia da Morte na Peninsula Iberica desde as orixes ata o Medievo, Xinzo de Limia, Biblioteca Limiá: 61-94. —(2000): “Itinerario arqueológico de los dólmenes de Sedano (Burgos)”. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 57 (2): 89-103.—(2010): “La investigación de las sepulturas colectivas monumentales del iv milenio A.C. en la Submeseta Norte española. Horizonte 2007”. En J. Fernández-Eraso, J. y J. Mujika (Eds.): Actas del Congreso Internacional sobre Megalitismo y otras manifestaciones funerarias contemporáneas en su contexto social, económico y cultural. Munibe. Suplemento 32. Donostia, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi: 12-56.Delibes, G. y Rojo, M. (1997): “C14 y secuencia megalítica en la Lora burgalesa: acotaciones a la problemática de las dataciones absolutas referentes a yacimientos dolménicos”. En A. Rodríguez Casal (ed.): O Neolítico atlántico e as orixes do megalitismo. Santiago de Campostela, Universidad de Santiago: 391–414.—(2002): “Reflexiones sobre el trasfondo cultural del polimorfismo megalítico en la Lora burgalesa”. Archivo Español de Arqueología, 75 (185-186): 21-35. Delibes, G., Rodríguez-Marcos, J. A., Sanz, C. y del Val, J. M. (1982): “Dólmenes de Sedano I. El sepulcro de corredor de Ciella”. Noticiario Arqueológico Hispanico, 14: 149–196.Delibes, G., Rojo, M. A. y Sanz, C. (1986): “Dólmenes de Sedano II. El sepulcro de corredor de Las Arnillas (Moradillo de Sedano, Burgos)”. Noticiario Arqueológico Hispanico, 27: 7–41.Delibes, G., Moreno, M. y Valle, A. del (2011): “Dólmenes de Sedano (Burgos) y criadero cuprífero de Huidobro: Una relación todavía posible”. En P. Bueno et al. (eds.): Arqueología, sociedad, territorio y paisaje. Estudios sobre Prehistoria Reciente, Protohistoria y transición al mundo romano en homenaje a M.ª Dolores Fernández Posse. Madrid, CSIC: 35-52. Delibes, G., Rojo, M. y Represa, I. (1993): Dólmenes de la Lora. Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León.Delibes, G. y Santonja, M. (1987): “Anotaciones en torno al megalitismo del occidente de la Meseta (Salamanca y Zamora)”. En Megalitismo en la Península Ibérica, Madrid, Asociación de Amigos de la Arqueología: 200-210.Díaz-Zorita, M. (2013): The Copper Age in south-west Spain: A bioarchaeological approach to prehistoric social organisation. Doctoral dissertation, Durham University.Díaz-Zorita, M., Aranda, G., Escudero, J., Robles, S., Lozano, Á., Sánchez, M. y Alarcón, E. (2016): “Estudio bioarqueológico de la necrópolis megalítica de El Barranquete (Níjar, Almería)”. Menga, 7: 71-98.Díaz-Zorita, M., Aranda, G., Robles, S., Escudero, J., Sánchez, M. y Lozano, Á. (2017): “Estudio bioarqueológico de la necrópolis megalítica de Panoría (Darro, Granada)”. Menga, 8: 91-114.Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç, Notroff, J. y Schmidt, K. (2013): “Establishing a Radiocarbon Sequence for Göbekli Tepe. State of Research and New Data”. Neo-Lithics, 1/13: 36-41.Duday, H. (1987): “Organisation et fonctionnement d’une sépulture collective néolithique. L’aven de la Boucle à Corconne (Gard)”. En Anthropologie physique et archéologie: méthodes d’étude des sépultures. Paris, CNRS: 89-104.—(2006): « L’Archéothanatologie ou l’archéologie de la mort. Translated by Knüsel”. En Gowland R.L. and Knüsel, C.J. (Eds.) Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxford, Oxbow Books: 30-56.Duday, H., Courtaud, P., Crubezy, É., Sellier, P. y Tillier, A. M. (1990): «L’Anthropologie «de terrain»: reconnaissance et interprétation des gestes funéraires”. Bulletins et Mémoires de La Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 2(3): 29–49. Fabián, J. F. (1995): El aspecto funerario durante el Calcolítico y los inicios de la Edad del Bronce en la Meseta Norte. Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca.Ferembach, D., Schwidetzky, I. y Stloukal, M. (1980). “Recommendations for Age and Sex Diagnoses of Skeletons”. Journal of Human Evolution, 9: 517–549.Fernández-Crespo, T. (2015): “Aportación de la Arqueoantropología a la interpretación de la dinámica sepulcral de las tumbas megalíticas de Cameros (La Rioja, España)”. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 72(2): 218–237. Fernández-Crespo, T. y de la Rúa, C. (2015): “Demographic evidence of selective burial in megalithic graves of northern Spain”. Journal of Archaeological Science, 53: 604-617. —(2016): “Demographic differences between funerary caves and megalithic graves of northern Spanish Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 160(2): 284-297. Fernández-Eraso, J. y Mujica, J. A. (2013): “The megalithic station of the Rioja Alavesa: chronology, origins and utilisation cycles”. Zephyrus, 71: 89-106.Furholt, M. y Müller, J. (2011): “The earliest monuments in Europe: architecture and social structures (5000-3000 cal BC)”. En M. Furholt, F. Lüth y J. Müller (eds.): Megaliths and Identities. Early Monuments and Neolithic Societies from the Atlantic to the Baltic. Bonn: R. Habelt: 15-32.Gallay, A. (2006): Les sociétés megalithiques. Pouvoir des hommes, memoires des morts. Lausanne, Le savoir suisse.Garrido-Pena, R. (2000): El Campaniforme en la Meseta Central de la Península Ibérica (c. 2500-2000 AC.) (Vol. 892). BAR International Series, Oxford.Gil-Merino, R., Moreno, M., Delibes, G., Villalobos, R. (2018): “Luz para ver y ser vista: los efectos de la iluminación solar durante el solsticio de invierno en los dólmenes de corredor de la provincia de Burgos”. Munibe, 69: 157-175.Guerra, E., Delibes, G., Zapatero, P. y Villalobos, R. (2009): “Primus Inter Pares: Estrategias de diferenciación social en los sepulcros megalíticos de la Submeseta Norte española”. BSAA Arqueología, 75: 41-65.Hertz, R. (1990): La muerte y la mano derecha. Alianza Universidad n.º 637, Madrid.Huidobro, L. (1957): “Descubrimiento megalítico en Nocedo (Sedano)”. En Actas del IV Congreso Nacional de Arqueología. Zaragoza, Institución Fernando El Católico: 125-126.Larsen, C. (1995): “Biological Changes in Human Populations with Agriculture”. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24(1): 185-213. Leclerc, J. (1990) : « La notion de sépulture”. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 2(3): 13-18.Ledermann, S. (1969): Nouvelles tables-types de mortalité. Paris, PUF (Travaux et Documents, 53).Livi-Bacci, M. (1990): Historia mínima de la población mundial. Ariel, Barcelona.Lyman, R. L. (1994): “Quantitative units and terminology”. Zooarchaeology, 59(1): 36-71.Maluquer de Motes, J. (1960): “Nuevos hallazgos de la cultura del vaso campaniforme en la Meseta”. Zephyrus, 11: 119-130.Martín-Vela, R., Delibes, G. y Municio, L. (2021): “Megalitos al norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama: primicias de la excavación del dolmen de Santa Inés en Bernardos (Segovia)”. CuPAUAM, 47(2): 11-38. Martinón-Torres, M., d’Errico, F., Santos, E. et al. (2021): “Earliest known human burial in Africa”. Nature, 593: 95–100. Masset, C. (1971): «Erreurs systématiques dans la détermination de l’âge par les sutures crâniennes”. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d›anthropologie de Paris, 7(1): 85-105.—(1972): “The megalithic tomb of la Chaussée-Tirancourt.” Antiquity, 46(184): 297-300.Masset, C. (1987): «Le recrutement d’un ensemble funéraire”. En H. Duday, H. y C. Masset (eds.): Anthropologie physique et archéologie: méthodes d’études des sépultures. Bordeaux, CNRS: 111-134.Moreno, M. (2004): Megalitismo y Geografía. Análisis de los factores de localización espacial de los dólmenes de la provincia de Burgos. Studia Archaeologica, n.º 93. Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid. Moreno, M., Delibes, G., López-Sáez, J. A., Manzano, S., Villalobos, R., Fraile, A. y Basconcillos, J. (2010-2012): “Nuevos datos sobre una alineación de menhires en el norte de Burgos: el yacimiento de Las Atalayas, en Avellanosa del Páramo (Burgos)”. Sautuola, 16-17: 71-93.Moreno, M., Delibes, G. Villalobos, R. y Basconcillos, J. (2020): Tumbas de Gigantes. Dólmenes y túmulos en la provincia de Burgos. Diputación Provincial de Burgos.—(2021): Territorio Megalítico. Burgos, Agrupación de Municipios Territorio Megalítico. Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E., Bard, E. y Talamo, S. (2020): “The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP)”. Radiocarbon, 62(4): 725-757.Renfrew, C. (1972): The Emergence of Civilisation. The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C. London, Methuen.—(1976): “Megaliths, territories and populations”. En S. J. Laet (Ed.): Acculturation and continuity in Atlantic Europe Mainly during the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age. Papers presented at the IV Atlantic Colloquium. Brugge, De Tempel: 198-220.—(1983): “The social archaeology of megalithic monuments”. Scientific American, 249(5): 152-163.Robb, J. (2016): “What can we really say about skeletal part representation, MNI and funerary ritual? A simulation approach”. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 10: 684-692. Rojo Guerra, M. Á. (1990): “Monumentos megalíticos de la Lora Burgalesa: Exégesis del emplazamiento”. Boletín Del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y arqueología: BSAA, 52: 53-63.—(1993): El fenómeno megalítico en la Lora burgalesa. Tesis doctoral mecanografiada. Universidad de Valladolid.Rojo, M.A., Delibes, G., Edo, M. y Fernández, J.L. (1995): “Adornos de calaíta en los ajuares dolménicos de la Provincia de Burgos: Apuntes sobre su composición y procedencia”. Rubricatum, 1: 239-250.Rojo, M., Kunst, M., Garrido, R., García, I. y Morán, G. (2005): Un desafío a la eternidad: tumbas monumentales en el valle de Ambrona. Arqueología en Castilla y León (Vol. 14). Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León.Roksandic, M. (2002): “Position of skeletal remains as a key to understanding mortuary behavior”. En Haglund, W. D. y Sorg, M. H. (Eds.): Advances in forensic taphonomy: method, theory, and archaeological perspectives: 99-117.Sánchez-Quinto, F., Malmstrom, H., Fraser, M. y Jakobsson, M. (2019): “Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society”, PNAS, 116 (19): 9469-9474. Santa Cruz, A. (2022): Caracterización antropológica y temporalidad de los sepulcros megalíticos de la Lora (Burgos). Tesis doctoral (inédita). Universidad de Valladolid. Santa Cruz, A., Delibes, G. y Villalobos, R. (2020a): “Sobre la impronta campaniforme en los dólmenes de la Lora (Burgos): dataciones de C-14 y naturaleza funeraria”. En Estudios In memoriam Prof. Emilio Illarregui. Segovia, IE Universidad: 23-39.—(2020b): “Nueva serie de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre hueso humano para el dolmen de Los Zumacales (Simancas, Valladolid)”. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 77(1): 130-147.Schulting, R. J. (2015): “Mesolithic skull cults?”. En K. von Hackwitz y R. Peyroteo-Stjerna (eds.): Ancient Death Ways. Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala: 19-46.Schulz Paulsson, B. (2019): “Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling supportmaritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe”. PNAS, 116, 9: 3460-3465.Séguy, I. y Buchet, L. (2013): Handbook of Palaeodemography. London: Springer.Sellier, P. (1996): “La mise en évidence d’anomalies demographiques et leur interprétatión: population, recrutement et práctiques funéraires de tumulus de Courtesoult”. En J. F. Piningre (ed.): Nécrópoles et société au première Âge du Fer: le tumulus de Courtesoult (Haute-Saône). Paris: Maison des Sciences d l’Homme, 54: 188-202.Sherratt, A. (1990): “The genesis of megaliths: Monumentality, ethnicity and social complexity in Neolithic north-west Europe”. World Archaeology, 22(2), 147-166.Silva, A. M. (2003): “Portuguese populations of late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods exhumed from collective burials: an overview”. Anthropologie, 41(1-2): 55-64.Smith, M. y Brickley, M. (2009): People of the long barrows: life, death and burial in the earlier Neolithic. Stroud, History Press.Stloukal, M. (1974): “Recherches paléodémographiques en Tchécoslovaquie”. Historická demografie, 7: 5-28.Tejedor Rodríguez, C. (2014): “Reconstruyendo ‘biografías megalíticas’: algunos ejemplos de alteraciones estructurales en monumentos megalíticos del valle del Duero”. En Actas de Las II Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores del Valle del Duero. Glyphos: 67-86.Thomas, J. (1991): Rethinking the Neolithic. London, Cambridge University Press.Tilley, C. (1984): “Ideology and the legitimation of power in the middle neolithic of southern Sweden”. En D. Miller y C. Tilley (Eds.): Ideology, power and prehistory. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge university press, Nueva York: 111-146.Ucko, P. J. (1969): “Ethnography and archaeological interpretation of funerary remains”. World archaeology, 1(2): 262-280.Villalobos García, R. (2014): “The megalithic tombs of the Spanish Northern Meseta. Material, political and ideological ties between the Neolithic people and their territory”. Préhistoires Méditerranéennes, (Colloque), 1-17. http:// pm.revues.org/1047—(2015): Análisis de las transformaciones sociales en la Prehistoria Reciente de la Meseta Norte Española (milenios vi-iii cal a. C.) a través del empleo de la variscita y otros minerales verdes como artefactos sociotécnicos. [Universidad de Valladolid]. http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/16693—(2016): Análisis de las transformaciones sociales en la Prehistoria Reciente de la Meseta Norte Española (milenios vi-iii cal a.C.). Studia Archaeologica, 101. Universidad de Valladolid.—(2016): Una aproximación cuantitativa al trabajo destinado a la arquitectura monumental en la Prehistoria Reciente de la Meseta Norte Española. SPAL-Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología, (25), 43-66.Zapatero, P. (2012): “El sepulcro de La Velilla, en Osorno (Palencia), dentro del marco del fenómeno megalítico de la Meseta Norte”. Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla y León, 46: 51-58.—(2015): El Neolítico en el Noroeste de la Cuenca del Duero: el yacimiento de La Velilla en el Valle del Valdivida (Palencia). Tesis doctoral mecanografiada: Universidad de Valladolid.

Mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones subsp. mertensianae Hawksw. & Nickrent, Viscaceae) commonly parasitizes mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) from the central Sierra Nevada Mountains to the southern Cascades in Oregon (1,3). It has also been reported to commonly parasitize whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and occasionally western white pine (P. monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) (1,4). In September of 2008, we found mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe infecting two sugar pines (P. lambertiana Dougl.) 4.5 km north of Windigo Pass, Oregon (42°24′40″N, 123°35′26″W, elevation 2,710 m). One of the sugar pines was 63.5 cm (25 inches) in diameter and had three infections. The other tree was 22.4 cm (9 inches) in diameter, but had 17 infections, many with mistletoe plants that allowed identification of the mistletoe using published descriptions (1,2). Mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from sugar pine dwarf mistletoe (A. californicum Hawksw. & Wiens) by its smaller plant size (mean height 5 cm versus 8 cm) and plant color (green-brown versus green to yellow) (1,2). An area (site) of approximately 1 ha around the infected sugar pines was examined and none of the other sugar pines we observed (33 trees) were found to be infected. Because mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe also occurs in the principal range of sugar pine in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, it may also parasitize this tree there. However, our observations in several mountain hemlock stands infested with mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe in California have failed to uncover infection of sugar pine by this mistletoe. Therefore, we would tentatively classify sugar pine as a rare host of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe (1). Specimens of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe on sugar pine were collected and deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 87122). To our knowledge, this is the first report of mountain hemlock dwarf mistletoe parasitizing sugar pine. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (2) F. G. Hawksworth et al. Novon 2:204, 1992. (3) R. L. Mathiasen and C. M. Daugherty. Novon 17:222, 2007. (4) R. L. Mathiasen and F. G. Hawksworth. For. Sci. 34:429, 1988.

Tremblay, G. J., Boisvert, J., Fréchette, G. É., Saulnier, M., Alexandre, R. and Vanasse, A. 2011. Mid term evaluation of mineral fertilizer requirements (N, P, K) of a field crop rotation on a clay soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 637–646. In Quebec, the recommended fertilizer requirements have been lowered since 1994. A study was undertaken from 1998 to 2005 in a 4-yr rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain corn (Zea mays L.) to verify the mid-term mineral fertilizer requirements (N, P, K) for these field crops. Four levels of nitrogen (N) and three levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were compared on a clay soil of the Saint-Lawrence Lowlands. Nitrogen requirements based on this study corresponded to the recommended levels of each field crop tested. Recommended phosphorus rates did not maintain initial PM-III soil level (1998). However, crop yields were not affected by this decrease in soil PM-III level. To improve fertilizer recommendation tables, it should be relevant to determine with more accuracy the critical phosphorus and potassium values for field crops on other typical Quebec soils.

The fate of the mercury which caused the tragedy of Minamata disease has been monitored for a period of 12 years determining mercury contents in the surface sediment of Yatsushiro Sea. Twenty-four sampling stations were selected over an area of 636 km2. Mercury concentrations, both organic and inorganic, in water were also determined within the Bay and the Sea in 1985. Mercury has been dispersing from the Bay to the Sea. From 1975 to 1986 there was a considerable increase of mercury contents in the surface sediments. However, there is no alarming level of mercury in the sediments of Yatsushiro Sea and the level is mostly less than 1 ppm. Mercury concentrations in the water of Minamata Bay were as much as 6 times higher compared to those of Yatsushiro Sea. The highest level in the Bay was 125.3 ng/l (total mercury) whereas the highest level in the Sea was 25.8 ng/l. The proportion of organic mercury in the total mercury ranged from 0.9% to 13.7 % in the Sea. The proportion was lower than those found in river waters.

Abstract In this study, a combined process was developed that included micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation and coagulation to treat oilfield fracturing wastewater. Micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation were applied to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic load and to enhance organic components gradability, respectively. Orthogonal experiment were employed to investigate the influence factors of micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation on COD removal efficiency. For micro-electrolysis, the optimum conditions were: pH, 3; iron-carbon dosage, 50 mg/L; mass ratio of iron-carbon, 2:3; reaction time, 60 min. For Fenton oxidation, a total reaction time of 90 min, a H2O2 dosage of 12 mg/L, with a H2O2/Fe2+ mole ratio of 30, pH of 3 were selected to achieve optimum oxidation. The optimum conditions in coagulation process: pH, cationic polyacrylamide dosage, mixing speed and time is 4.3, 2 mg/L, 150 rpm and 30 s, respectively. In the continuous treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater fell 56.95%, 46.23%, 30.67%, respectively, from last stage and the total COD removal efficiency reached 83.94% (from 4,314 to 693 mg/L). In the overall treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater was reduced from 4,314 to 637 mg/L, and the COD removal efficiency reached 85.23%. The contribution of each stage is 68.45% (micro-electrolysis), 24.07% (Fenton oxidation), 7.48% (coagulation), respectively. Micro-electrolysis is the uppermost influencing process on COD removal. Compared with the COD removal efficiency of three processes on raw wastewater under optimized conditions: the COD removal efficiency of single micro-electrolysis, single Fenton oxidation, single coagulation is 58.34%, 44.88% and 39.72%, respectively. Experiments proved the effect of combined process is marvelous and the overall water quality of the final effluent could meet the class III national wastewater discharge standard of petrochemical industry of China (GB8978-1996).

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are considered to be safe. Only few cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia or immune hemolysis have been reported so far. Evans syndrome (ES) is a very rare syndrome characterized mainly by warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Case presentation: We present a case of a 47‐year‐old male with a history of wAIHA, diagnosed in 1995 and successfully treated with glucocorticoids, with sustained remission. ITP was diagnosed in May 2016. Due to refractoriness to glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), azathioprine and vinblastine, he was splenectomised in April 2017, resulting in complete remission. In May 2021, eight days after the second dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine, he experienced mucocutaneous bleeding. Blood tests showed platelet count (PC) of 8×109/L, while his hemoglobin (Hb) was normal (153 g/L). He was treated with prednisone and azathioprine, without response. On day 28 after vaccine administration, weakness, jaundice and dark brown urine occurred. His laboratory tests: PC 27×109/L, Hb 45 g/L, reticulocytes 10.4%, total bilirubin 106.6 μmol/L, direct bilirubin 19.8 μmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase 633 U/L, haptoglobin ˂0.08 g/L, and positive Coombs test were consistent with ES relapse. After treatment with glucocorticoids, azathioprine and IVIGs, his blood count finally improved (PC 490×109/L, Hb 109 g/L) and remained stable on day 40 of hospitalization. Conclusions: Although it is unclear whether the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and relapse of ES in our patient is coincidental or causal, it highlights the need for monitoring of serious outcomes following vaccination.

Paclobutrazol (PB) was sprayed on hedged `Riesling' (Vitis vinifera L.) vines at one of five concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 4000 mg·liter-1) as single annual applications over 3 years (1987-89). Observations were made on growth, yield, and fruit composition during the years of application and 1 year thereafter (1990) to test carryover effects. PB had no effect on vine vigor, expressed as weight of cane prunings, during the three application years, but reduced vine vigor linearly with concentration in 1990. Yield was reduced by PB in the first 2 years of the trial, while in one season cluster weight and berries per cluster were also reduced. °Brix was increased by PB during all 3 years of application; titratable acidity was reduced and pH increased in the first year of application. PB sprays significantly reduced lateral shoot length, mean leaf size on both main and lateral shoots, and total leaf area on main and lateral shoots. Winter injury to buds, cordons, and trunks was also reduced with increasing PB level. Residues of PB in fruit in the first year of application ranged from 9 μg·kg-1 at the 0-m·gliter-1 level to 638 μg·kg-1 at the 4000-mg·liter-1 level. PB shows promise as a viticultural tool for advancement of fruit maturity, with possible additional benefits such as improved vine winter hardiness. Chemical name used β -[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α -dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB).

AbstractSuppose C is a bounded chain complex of finitely generated free modules over the Laurent polynomial ring L = R[x,x−1]. Then C is R-finitely dominated, i.e. homotopy equivalent over R to a bounded chain complex of finitely generated projective R-modules if and only if the two chain complexes C ⊗LR((x)) and C ⊗LR((x−1)) are acyclic, as has been proved by Ranicki (A. Ranicki, Finite domination and Novikov rings, Topology34(3) (1995), 619–632). Here R((x)) = R[[x]][x−1] and R((x−1)) = R[[x−1]][x] are rings of the formal Laurent series, also known as Novikov rings. In this paper, we prove a generalisation of this criterion which allows us to detect finite domination of bounded below chain complexes of projective modules over Laurent rings in several indeterminates.

Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучено анодное поведение Mn5Si3-электрода в растворах (0.5–3.0) М NaОН в области от E коррозии до E выделения кислорода включительно. Сделан вывод, что поверхность силицида марганца в щелочном электролите обогащена металлическим компонентом сплава и продуктами его окисления. Установлены кинетические закономерности анодного поведения Mn5Si3, выяснены механизмы растворения и пассивации силицида, определены кинетические параметры реакции выделения кислорода. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Samsonov G. V., Dvorina L. A., Rud' B. M. Silitsidy [Silicides]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979, 272 p. (in Russ.) Agladze G. R., Kveselava V. M., Koiava N. Sh. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa [In: Manganese Electrochemistry], Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 118–126. (in Russ.) Shein A. B., Zubova E. N. Protection of Metals, 2005, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11124-005-0034-z Nikolaichuk P. A., Shalyapina T. I., Tyurin A. G. Vestnik YuUrGU, 2010, no. 31, pp. 72–80. (in Russ.) Okuneva T. G., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 383–393. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_3_2016_009.pdf (in Russ.) Polkovnikov S., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Khimiya, 2017, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 250–259. (in Russ.) Sukhotin A. M., Osipenkova I. G. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii, 1978, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 830–832. (in Russ.) Agladze R. I., Domanskaya G. M. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa, Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1957, vol. 1, pp. 503–514. (in Russ.) Agladze I., Domanskaya G.M. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii, 1951, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 917–514. (in Russ.) Petriashvili L. D. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa [In: Manganese Electrochemistry], Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 127–137. (in Russ.) Poirbaix M. Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous solutions. Oxford, Perqamon Press, 1966, p. 664. Sukhotin A. M. Spravochnik po elektrokhimii [Handbook of Electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 488 p. (in Russ.) Remi G. Kurs neorganicheskoi khimii [Course of Inorganic Chemistry]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1972, 824 p. (in Russ.) Myamlin V. A., Pleskov Yu. V. Elektrokhimiya poluprovodnikov [Electrochemistry of Semiconductors]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965, 338 p. (in Russ.) Gel'd P. V., Sidorenko F. A. Silitsidy perekhodnykh metallov chetvertogo perioda [Transition Metal Silicides of the Fourth Period]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1981, 632 p. (in Russ.) Keddam M., Lizee J.-F., Pallotta C., Takenouti H. Electrochem. Soc., 1984, vol. 131, no. 9, p. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2116010 Hepel M., Tomkiewicz M. Electrochem. Soc., 1985, vol. 132, no. 1, p. 32. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2113786 Rabinovich V. A., Khavin Z. Ya. Kratkii khimicheskii spravochnik [Brief Chemical Hand Book]. Leningrad, Khimiya, Publ., 1978, 392 p. (in Russ.) Polkovnikov I. S., Shaidullina A. R., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Khimiya, 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 325–341. DOI: 17072/2223-1838-2018-3-325-341 (in Russ.) Odynets L. L., Orlov V. M. Anodnye oksidnye plenki [Anodic Oxide Films]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1990, 200 p. (in Russ.) Popov Yu. A. Teoriya vzaimodeistviya metallov i splavov s korrozionno-aktivnoi sredoi [Theory of Interaction of Metals and Alloys with a Corrosive-active Medium]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1995, 200 p. (in Russ.)

<p>During the years 1976-1983 predators killed a total of 8900 reindeer in Finland. The highest numbers of reindeer killed by predators were found in the marked areas of Inari, Kuusamo and Sodankyla and in the reindeer herding areas of Kasivarsi (a total of 873 reindeer), Kemi-Sompio (731), Lappi (658) and northern Salla (632). With the exception of the Kasivarsi reindeer herding area, predator damage was more or less concentrated on the reindeer herding areas on the eastern border. During 1977- 1982 the majority of reindeer killed by predators were hinds (49,6%) and calves (41,0%). Predators killed most reindeer in April-June. In May and June the majority of reindeer killed by predators were calves. During 1977-83 most reindeer were killed by wolves (27,6%). wolverine (25,4%), bear (24,8%) and eagles (14,5%). Wolves killed reindeer mainly in the autumn and early winter during the soft snow period. Wolverine and lynx killed reindeer in February-April in crusted snow conditions. Bears killed most reindeer during the calving period in May-June and reindeer killed by eagles were found in plenty in spring and summer.</p><p>Petovahingot Suomen poronhoitoalueella vuosina 1976-83.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Vuosina 1976-83 pedot tappoivat Suomessa yhteens&aring; 8 900 poroa. Eniten petojen tappamia poroja l&ocirc;ytyin Inarin, Kuusamon ja Sodankyl&aring;n merkkipiireiss&aring; sek&aring; K&aring;sivarren (yhteens&aring; 873 poroa), Kemin-Sompion (731), Lapin (685), ja Sallan pohjoisen (632) paliskunnissa. K&aring;sivarren paliskuntaa lukuunottamatta petovahingot keskittyiv&aring;t l&aring;hinn&aring; it&aring;rajan paliskuntiin. Vuosina 1977-82 petojen tappamista poroista suurin osa oli vaatimia (49,6%) ja vasoja (41,0%). Eniten pedot tappoivat poroja huhti - kes&aring;kuun aikana. Tuoko - ja kes&aring;kuussa suurin osa petojen tappamista poroista oli vasoja. Vuosina 1977-83 eniten poroja tappoivat susi (27,6%), ahma (25,4%), karhu (24,8%) ja kokta (14,5%). Sudet tappoivat poroja p&aring;&aring;asiassa syksyll&aring; ja alkutalvella pehme&aring;n lumen aikana. Ahma ja ilves tappoivat poroja helmi - huhtikuun hankikeleill&aring;. Karhu tappoi eniten poroja vasonta-aikana touko - kes&aring;kuussa, ja kotkan tappamia poroja l&ocirc;ytyi runsaasti kev&aring;&aring;ll&aring; ja kes&aring;ll&aring;.</p><p>Rovdjurskadorna inom Finlands rensk&ouml;tselomr&aring;de under &aring;ren 1976-83.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Under &aring;ren 1976-83 d&ocirc;dades i Finland 8900 renar av rovdjur. Flest rovdjursrivna renar p&aring;tr&aring;ffades inom Enares, Kuusamos och Sodankyl&aring;s m&agrave;rkesdistrikt samt inom K&agrave;sivarsis (sammanlagt 873 renar), Kemin-Sompios (731), Lappis (685) och Salla pohjoinens (632) renbeteslag. F&ocirc;rutom til K&agrave;sivarsis renbeteslag koncentrerades rovdjursskadorna, framst till renbeteslagen vid ostgr&aring;nsen. Under &aring;ren 1977-82 var st&ocirc;rsta delen av de rovdjursrivna renarna vajor (49,6%) och kalvar (41,0%). Flest renar d&ocirc;dades av rovdjur under april-juni. Under maj-juni var st&ocirc;rsta delen av de rovdjursrivna renar kalvar. Under &aring;ren 1977-83 d&ocirc;dades flest renar av varg (27,6%), jarv (25,4%) bj&ocirc;rn (24,8%) och orn (14,5%). Vargar d&ocirc;dade renar huvudsakligen p&aring; hosten och i b&ocirc;rjan av vintern, d&aring; sn&ocirc;n var som losast. Skadorna v&aring;llade av jarv och lo koncentrade sig framst till skarf&ocirc;ret i februari-april. Bj&ocirc;rnen d&ocirc;dade flest renar under kalvningstiden i maj-juni, medan ganska stort antal av &ocirc;rn d&ocirc;dade renar p&aring;tr&aring;ffades under v&aring;ren och sommaren.</p>