Статті в журналах з теми "1868-1890"

RESUMENEl propósito del artículo es presentar la evolución de la producción triguera de España en la última década del siglo xix. Para ello, se evalúan varias informaciones del período, y en particular dos de ellas: los avances estadísticos realizados por los ingenieros agrónomos provinciales en la década de los ochenta, y la estadística sobre consumo de cereales del Ministerio de Fomento de 1868. La principal conclusión que se deriva de esa investigación es que el consumo y la producción de trigo entre 1868 y 1890 fueron similares a los del período 1890–1896, lo que asemeja el caso español al italiano. Probablemente, el Arancel Cánovas tuvo un poderoso efecto en el incremento del auto-consumo de los campesinos cerealícolas.

Sticta wiegelii (Ach.) Vain., a cyanobacterial lichen characterized by mainly marginal isidia, occurs in montane rainforest in both tropical and cool-temperate forest biomes, being known from East Africa (Stizenberger 1895; Swinscow & Krog 1988; Krog 2000), Réunion and Madagascar (Nylander 1868; Hue 1890, 1901a), India (Joshi & Awasthi 1982); Japan (Yoshimura 1974; Kurokawa 2003; Takahashi et al. 2004), Central America and the West Indies (Nylander 1865; Hue 1890, 1901a; Imshaug 1956, 1957; Harris 1984; McDonald et al. 2003), Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (Martius 1833; Vainio 1890; Hue 1901a; Malme 1934; McDonald et al. 2003), Argentina, Chile (Galloway 1994a), Java (Nylander 1868; Stizenberger 1895; Hue 1901b; Zahlbruckner & Mattick 1956); New Guinea (Szatala 1956; Streimann 1986), north-eastern Australia (Galloway 1998, 2001; McDonald et al. 2003), and several Pacific island groups including Hawaii, Fiji, the Galapagos, Tahiti, New Caledonia and the Kermadecs (for references see Elix & McCarthy 1998: 269; McDonald et al. 2003).

Abstract. Fifteen key species of Recent Ostracoda (all but one from Indo-Pacific waters), selected from the collections of G. S. Brady and deposited in the Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and The Natural History Museum, London, are reviewed. Holotypes and lectotypes have been formally designated and illustrated (by SEM) in the case of seven of these species: Neonesidea crosskeiana (Brady, 1866), Macrocyprina decora (Brady, 1866), Macrocyprina maculata (Brady, 1866), Pontocypris attenuata (Brady, 1868), Neocyprideis spinulosa (Brady, 1868), Keijia demissa (Brady 1868), Cytherella semitalis (Brady 1868). Other taxa reviewed and re-illustrated are five species erected by Brady in 1880: Neonesidea woodwardiana, Paranesidea globulus, Loxoconcha pumicosa, Kotaracythere inconspicua, Cletocythereis rastromarginata and Cytherelloidea venusta, and one species described by Brady in 1890: Neomonoceratina entomon. Lectotypes of these have been designated previously, elsewhere. The final species, Neocyprideis timorensis which, although found by Brady in 1880, was first formally described by Fyan in 1916.

Se realizaron los siguientes cambios nomenclatoriales en la taxonomía de Passalidae: Veturius laevior (Kaup 1868) n.stat., bona sp.; V. lineatosulcatus Luederwaldt 1941, n. syn. de V. laevior; Ogyges championi (Bates 1886) n. stat., bona sp.; y O. laevior (Kaup 1868) sensu auct., n. syn.de O. championi. Se presentan nuevos registros de distribución de V. sinuatocollis Kuwert 1890 (Honduras), O. crassulus (Casey) (Guatemala, Honduras), O. championi, O. cakchiqueli Schuster & Reyes-Castillo 1990, O. tzutuhili Schuster & Reyes-Castillo 1990, O. hondurensis Schuster & Reyes-Castillo 1990, O. quichensis Schuster & Reyes-Castillo 1990 y O. politus (Hincks 1953) (Guatemala). Se redescribe O. crassulus y se describen O. coxchicopi n. sp., O. monzoni n. sp., O. aluxi n .sp. y O. nahuali n. sp., todas especies de bosques nubosos o mesófilos de montaña, entre 900 y 2064msnm de Guatemala y Honduras. Se presenta una clave para las especies de Ogyges.

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of C. S. Peirce’s notion of abduction and proposes an interpretation of this evolution in light of the philosopher’s own theory of categories. It shows the shift from the inferential and propositional model developed in On a New List of Categories in 1867 and Some Consequences of Four Incapacities in 1868, focused on the category of Firstness (quality) to the post-1890 evenemential model. In this post-1890 model, Firstnesses, events expressed by the verb of the proposition, are generated in their opposition to other Firstnesses (the relation of Secondnesses) from a tendency to action or general habit, Thirdness. Parallel to this, the article also shows the shift from the first formulation of the notion of abduction, which replaced the multiplicity of qualities with a comprehensive predicate that implied all of them to the discovery of the diagrammatic reasoning and Logic of Relatives, which confers greater importance to the category of Thirdness and transforms the abductive movement into a transductive one.

This paper offers an alternative historical account of debate in Japan during the Meiji, Taishō, and early Shōwa eras (1868-1936). Most previous studies on the modern history of debate in Japan have focused on Yukichi Fukuzawa (the alleged founding father of Western debate) or political advocacy by voluntary associations in the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement (1874-1890). Contrary to the prevailing view that debate had largely dissipated by 1890 due to the government’s strict regulations and crackdowns, this paper demonstrates that debate continued to be an important activity of youth clubs across the nation. Emerging around the late 1880s, those youth clubs regularly held intra-group debates on various topics in order to advance knowledge in academic and practical matters. This paper concludes by suggesting that far from suppressing debates altogether, political authorities tolerated, and even promoted, certain forms of debate which they deemed fit for producing active yet subservient citizens.

ZusammenfassungAm 14. Juni 1868 wurde Karl Landsteiner (1868 – 1943) in Baden bei Wien geboren. Nach dem Studium der Medizin in Wien und der Chemie in München, Zürich und Würzburg arbeitete Landsteiner zwischen 1897 und 1908 am Pathologisch-Anatomischen Institut der Universität Wien, an der er sich 1903 auch habilitierte. Im Rahmen seiner Forschungen auf den Gebieten der Bakteriologie und der Serologie entdeckte er 1900/1901 das später unter der Bezeichnung AB0 bekannt gewordene System der menschlichen Blutgruppen. Der schon 1890 vom Judentum zum katholischen Glauben konvertierte Landsteiner war von 1908 – 1919 Prosektor am Wiener Wilhelminenspital, von 1919 – 1922 Prosektor am katholischen Krankenhaus in Den Haag. 1922 berief ihn Simon Flexner (1863 – 1946) an das Rockefeller Institute in New York, wo er bis zu seinem Tod als Forscher tätig war. 1930 erhielt Landsteiner den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin für die Entdeckung der Blutgruppen. 1940 beschrieb er zusammen mit seinem Schüler Alexander Wiener (1907 – 1976) den Rhesusfaktor. Als Folge des in Österreich herrschenden Antisemitismus vor und während der NS-Zeit litt Landsteiner zeitlebens darunter, dass er nie nach Wien zurückberufen wurde. Erst 1961 wurde für ihn posthum eine Gedenktafel im Arkadenhof der Universität Wien aufgestellt.

Between 1860 and 1920, a staggering number of collections of Indian folklore was published by British administrators, missionaries, wives and daughters of officials, and Indian scholars. Rich in local detail, these collections of folklore contain copious prefaces, notes and explanatory appendixes. I examine the prefatory material of two folktale collections - Mary Frere's Old Deccan Days (1868), and Georgiana A. Kingscote and S.M. Natea Sastri's Tales of the Sun (1890) - for their display of multiple levels of engagement between co-authors, informants, and representatives of colonial authority, calling into question the concept of a stable authorial center. I argue that these collections comment on how collectors of folklore delineated alterity and subjectivity while themselves experiencing shifting subaltern positions.

ABSTRACTCaptain William Adams (1837–1890) was one of the exceptional whaling masters who sailed from Dundee in Scotland. This paper uses primary sources to confirm his reputation not only as a whaler but also as an adventurous explorer and wealthy businessman. He became outstandingly successful with Alexander Stephen & Sons, the Dundee shipping company that pioneered the use of auxiliary powered vessels for use in sealing in Labrador and fishing for whales in the Davis Strait and beyond. His first command was the Arctic in 1868, and his reputation was such that he was chosen by Albert Hastings Markham as his mentor in gaining experience for polar exploration. The unfortunate loss of the Arctic in Regent Sound in 1875 did no damage to this reputation and Adams was made Master of the newly built flagship of the company's fleet, the Arctic II. In 1883, by then a rich man, Adams became his own Master with the purchase of the Maud. In 1890, the vessel was returning to Dundee from Arctic waters when Captain Adams, who was accompanied by his son also William Adams (1869–1942) acting as Mate, was taken fatally ill, dying at Thurso in Caithness.

The early career of the African American singer Matilda Sissieretta Jones (1868-1933), known as the "Black Patti," was unique in nineteenth-century America. Reviewers gave high praise to her singing, and she attracted large mixed-race audiences to her concerts across the country. Her fame was such that, during the early 1890s, she appeared as the star of several companies in which she was the only black performer. This article documents her early life in Portsmouth, Virginia, and Providence, Rhode Island; her two tours, in 1888 and 1890, to the Caribbean and South America; and her varied concert appearances in the United States and Europe up to the formation of the Black Patti Troubadours in the fall of 1896.

Australian Cecidomyiidae described by Schiner (1868), Skuse (1888, 1890), Koebele (1893), Felt (1915), Edwards (1916) and Rübsaamen (1916), totalling 111 species and three subgenera, are revised. Chastomera Skuse, 1888 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of Haplusia Karsch, 1878 and Gonioclema Skuse, 1888 and Necrophlebia Skuse, 1888 are declared nomina dubia. Twenty-two species are placed to genus, an additional four species are placed to supertribe or subfamily, all of them redescribed. The remaining species are declared junior synonyms or nomina dubia. Diadiplosis koebelei (Koebele, 1893) is a new junior synonym of Diadiplosis plumbea (Skuse, 1888). Dasineura tomentosa Dorchin, 2011 is a new junior synonym of Dasineura frauenfeldi (Schiner, 1868). Sphenolasioptera Kolesik & Gagné gen. nov. (Cecidomyiinae: Lasiopterini) is erected to contain Sphenolasioptera vastatrix (Skuse, 1888) n. comb. The following genera are recorded from Australia for the first time: Ledomyia Kieffer (Cecidomyiinae: Ledomyiini), represented by L. vitulans (Skuse), n. comb.; Bremia Rondani (Cecidomyiinae: Aphidoletini), represented by B. actiosa (Skuse) n. comb. and B. oreas (Skuse) n. comb.; Divellepidosis Fedotova & Sidorenko (Porricondylinae: Porricondylini), represented by D. pallidina (Skuse) n. comb. and D. indubitata (Skuse) n. comb. Additions are made to the key to genera of Cecidomyiinae of Australia and Papua New Guinea (Kolesik 2014) to accomodate Bremia, Ledomyia and Sphenolasioptera.

Marguerite Genès (1868-1955) est née à Marseille mais avait des origines maternelles en Limousin. Elle a vécu dès les années 1890 à Brive où elle a activement participé à la renaissance des Lettres d’Oc. Disciple de Joseph Roux, elle a écrit dans la revue Lemouzi de l’Escolo Bertran de Born, dans l’Echo de la Corrèze de la Ruche corrézienne parisienne et dans quelques revues en français… Elle a été lauréate des Jeux de l’Églantine et Reine du Félibrige limousin, elle a rédigé un journal en français durant la Première Guerre mondiale mais aussi des poèmes, contes, pièces théâtrales, chroniques musicales et correspondances, en grande majorité en français mais aussi en occitan… Des archives nombreuses ont été déposées par une de ses disciples aux Archives Départementales de la Corrèze à Tulle. Elles laissent entrevoir une femme engagée dans les études et controverses linguistiques et folkloristes et dans la transmission de ses connaissances.

Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian primitive cladid crinoid generaAtelestocrinus, Barycrinus, Cestocrinus, Costalocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Meniscocrinusn. gen.,Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, andSaccosomopsisfrom Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee are reviewed, redescribed, and redefined from study of type material, museum collections, and field collections. Nomenclatural and systematic acts include the following: 1)Barycrinus spurius(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofCyathocrinus tumidusHall, 1858,C. protuberansHall, 1858, andB. mammatusMeek and Worthen, 1873; 2)B. rhombiferus(Owen and Shumard, 1852a) is a senior synonym ofC. sculptilisHall, 1860,C. thomaeHall, 1860,C. hoveyiHall, 1861a,C. wachsmuthiMeek and Worthen, 1861,B. herculeusMeek and Worthen, 1868,B. pentagonusMeek and Worthen, 1873,B. striatusWorthen, 1875,B. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,B. formosusMiller and Gurley, 1894,B. washingtonensisMiller and Gurley, 1895, andB. elrodiMiller and Gurley, 1896a; 3)B. magister(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. solidusHall, 1861a andB. magnificusMeek and Worthen, 1868; 4)B. stellatus(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. bullatusHall, 1858,C. angulatusMeek and Worthen, 1860,C. quinquelobusMeek and Worthen, 1865, andB. astericusVan Sant, 1964; 5)B. crassibrachiatus(Hall, 1860) is a senior synonym ofB. princepsMiller and Gurley, 1890a; 6)B. geometricusMeek and Worthen, 1873, is considered a nomen dubium; 7)B. benedicti(Miller, 1891a) is considered a nomen dubium; 8)Cyathocrinus signatusMiller and Gurley, 1894, is assigned toCestocrinusand is a senior synonym ofCestocrinus striatusKirk, 1940; 9)Cyathocrinites iowensis(Owen and Shumard, 1850) is a senior synonym ofC. malvaceusHall, 1858,C. divaricatusHall, 1858,C. rotundatusHall, 1858,C. viminalisHall, 1861a,C. parvibrachiatusHall, 1861a,C. hamiltonensisWorthen, 1882,C. nodosusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. brevisacculusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. opimusMiller and Gurley, 1890a, andC. gurleyiMiller, 1891a; 10)C. kelloggi(White, 1862) is a senior synonym ofC. subtumidusMeek and Worthen, 1865; 11)C. farleyi(Meek and Worthen, 1866b) is a senior synonym ofC. andersoniMiller and Gurley, 1894,C. granulosusRowley, 1902, andC. snivelyiRowley, 1902; 12)C. harrodi(Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880) is a senior synonym ofC. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,C. gorbyiMiller, 1892b, andC. astralusKammer, 1984; 13)Meniscocrinusn. gen. is described andM. magnitubusn. sp. is assigned to this new genus; 14)C. labyrinthicusMiller, 1891a, is assigned toParisocrinus; 15)C. intermediusHall, 1858, is assigned toPellecrinus; and 16)C. insperatusLyon, 1869, is assigned toSaccosomopsisand is a senior synonym ofC.?poteriumMeek and Worthen, 1870.

Peromyia Kieffer, 1894, eine artenreiche, kosmopolitisch verbreitete Gattung der Unterfamilie Micromyinae (Cecidomyiidae), wird aus Tasmanien gemeldet und damit erstmals für Australien nachgewiesen. Es ist dies der erste Beitrag zur Taxonomie australischer Micromyinae seit 120 Jahren. Neun der 12 gefundenen Arten sind neu für die Wissenschaft: Peromyia grovei sp. n., P. nitoda sp. n., P. indecorata sp. n., P. warraensis sp. n., P. bashfordi sp. n., P. despecta sp. n., P. debilis sp. n., P. cinalata sp. n. und P. tasmanica sp. n. Vier der neuen Arten werden der Peromyia dissona Jaschhof-Gruppe zugeordnet, die für eine vorrangig westpazifische Artenradiation aufgestellt wird. Andere tasmanische Peromyia gehören Artengruppen an, die nach jetzigem Kenntnisstand in der Holarktischen Region und gelegentlich darüber hinaus weit verbreitet sind. Die Typen der von Ignaz R. Schiner und Frederick A. A. Skuse beschriebenen Arten australischer Micromyinae werden revidiert. Keine der 11 Arten gehört zur Gattung Campylomyza Meigen, 1818, der sie urspünglich angeschlossen waren. Campylomyza grandiuscula Skuse, 1890 ist tatsächlich eine Art der Gattung Pteridomyia Jaschhof, 2003. Die übrigen Arten gehören der Gattung Peromyia an oder ihre Gattungszugehörigkeit konnte nicht sicher ermittelt werden. Peromyia aeratipennis (Skuse, 1888) comb. n. hat Priorität über Peromyia muscorum (Kieffer, 1895) syn. n. und Peromyia impexa (Skuse, 1888) comb. n. hat Priorität über Peromyia palustris (Kieffer, 1895) syn. n. Peromyia pellax (Skuse, 1888) comb. n., syn. n. und Peromyia subtilis (Skuse, 1888) comb. n., syn. n. sind identisch mit Peromyia impexa. Campylomyza sidneyensis Schiner, 1868, Campylomyza amplipennis Skuse, 1888, Campylomyza crocea Skuse, 1888, Campylomyza perpallida Skuse, 1888, Campylomyza persimilis Skuse, 1888 und Campylomyza vicina Skuse, 1888 werden den nomina dubia zugewiesen.StichwörterDiptera, Cecidomyiidae, Micromyinae, Australasian Region, Australia, Tasmania, Peromyia, new species, new synonyms, new combinations.Nomenklatorische Handlungenamplipennis Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumcrocea Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumpellax Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), syn. nov. of Peromyia impexa (Skuse, 1888)perpallida Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumpersimilis Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumsidneyensis Schiner, 1868 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumsubtilis Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), syn. nov. of Peromyia impexa (Skuse, 1888)vicina Skuse, 1888 (Campylomyza), nomen dubiumaeratipennis (Skuse, 1888) (Peromyia), comb. nov. hitherto Campylomyza aeratipennis Skuse, 1888bashfordi Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.cinalata Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.debilis Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.despecta Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.grovei Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.impexa (Skuse, 1888) (Peromyia), comb. nov. hitherto Campylomyza impexa Skuse, 1888indecorata Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.muscorum (Kieffer, 1895) (Peromyia), syn. nov. of Peromyia aeratipennis (Skuse, 1888)nitoda Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.palustris (Kieffer, 1895) (Peromyia), syn. nov. of Peromyia impexa (Skuse, 1888)pellax (Skuse, 1888) (Peromyia), comb. nov. hitherto Campylomyza pellax Skuse, 1888subtilis (Skuse, 1888) (Peromyia), comb. nov. hitherto Campylomyza subtilis Skuse, 1888tasmanica Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.warraensis Jaschhof, 2010 (Peromyia), spec. nov.grandiuscula (Skuse, 1890) (Pteridomyia), comb. nov. hitherto Campylomyza grandiuscula Skuse, 1890

A revisão taxonômica do gênero Roeboides grupo-affinis é apresentada. Sete espécies são reconhecidas: R. affinis (Günther, 1868) das drenagens dos rios Amazonas, Orinoco e Paraná-Paraguai, rios da Guiana, Suriname e sistema Tocantins-Araguaia; R. biserialis Garman, 1890 da drenagem do rio Amazonas; R. descalvadensis Fowler, 1932 das drenagens dos rios Amazonas e Paraná-Paraguai; R. oligistos Lucena, 2000 da bacia do rio Amazonas; R. numerosus Lucena, 2000 da bacia do rio Orinoco; R. xenodon (Reinhardt, 1851) da bacia do rio São Francisco e R. sazimai sp. nov., conhecida dos rios Parnaíba and Pindaré-Mearim, nordeste do Brasil. Roeboides paranensis Pignalberi, 1975 é considerado sinônimo de R. descalvadensis; Roeboides prognathus e R. thurni Eigenmann, 1912 sinônimos de R. affinis. Lectótipos são designados para R. affinis, R. biserialis e R. francisci Steindachner, 1908. Uma chave de identificação das espécies de Roeboides grupo-affinis é fornecida.

Le photographe français Paul Cardon (1858‑1941) réalise, entre 1887 et 1917, sous le pseudonyme de Dornac, une collection de photographies intitulée « Nos contemporains chez eux », représentant des personnalités célèbres de l’époque dans leurs espaces privés. Certains de ces clichés sont publiés dans des périodiques illustrés comme Le Monde illustré ou La Nature. À la fin des années 1890 le journal ottoman Servet-i Fünun [Le Trésor des sciences], publié par l’éditeur Ahmed İhsan (1868-1942), fait paraître, de son côté, une série de photographies de ses contemporains ottomans chez eux. Servet-i Fünun reprend explicitement le titre « Nos contemporains chez eux » en légende des portraits qu’il publie, en révélant ainsi la source de son inspiration. Cet article se propose de discuter les moyens et modes de transmission de ce modèle photographique, entre Paris et Istanbul, à la fin du xixe siècle. L’intérêt est autant porté sur les clichés que sur leur médiatisation dans les journaux illustrés.

W tradycji Kościoła katolickiego muzyka stanowi nieodzowną i integralną część jego uroczystej liturgii. To stwierdzenie przypomina o trwającym od wieków przekonaniu o jedności tych dwóch rzeczywistości. Na przestrzeni wieków różne przyczyny powodowały okresy lepszej lub gorszej kondycji muzyki liturgicznej. Drugą połowię XVIII i początek XIX wieku przyjęło się uważać za czas kryzysu. Przejawiał się on przede wszystkim w niskim poziomie wykształcenia, niedbalstwie i swawoli muzyków kościelnych, a także braku odpowiedniej literatury muzycznej i czerpaniu ze świeckich wzorców. W odpowiedzi na te zjawiska w 1868 roku powstało towarzystwo Allgemeiner Cäcilienverein. Ruch ten zrzeszał duchownych i świeckich zaniepokojonych stanem ówczesnej muzyki kościelnej. Szczególny nacisk położono na edukację. W tym celu zaczęto opracowywać zbiory literatury muzycznej, podręczniki, czasopisma. Jedną z takich pozycji jest wydany w 1890 roku słownik Musikalisch-liturgisches Wörterbuch Bernharda Kothego. Jest to uporządkowany zbiór wiadomości ujętych w formie podstawowych haseł wraz z ich opisami, co nadaje mu formę leksykonu. Zawiera on nie tylko ogólną wiedzę muzyczno-liturgiczną, ale także przemyślenia autora na temat posługi muzyka kościelnego.

Very little is known about Domenico De Vivo (1839-1897). He was a disciple of the Italian linguist Giacomo Lignana and worked as a professor of Russian and English language at the Asiatic College in Naples from 1868 to 1870, and then as an Italian language lecturer at the universities of Dorpat and Odessa in the Russian Empire from 1879 until his death in 1897. De Vivo championed his ideas on language teaching and learning in his books Grammatica della lingua russa [Russian Grammar for Italians] (Dorpat, 1882) and Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlya izucheniya ital’yanskogo yazyka [A Practical Guide to Learning Italian] (Odessa, 1886; Odessa, 1890), and in his Dizionario Italiano-Russo. Slovar’ ital’yansko-russkiy [Italian-Russian Dictionary] (Odessa 1894). The purpose of this article is to examine De Vivo’s life and works, which represent the first recorded attempt – in De Vivo’s own words – “to promote Russian language learning in Italy and Italian language learning in Russia.”

En el presente artículo, los autores trazan un estudio pionero sobre la remuneración de los parlamentarios españoles en la época contemporánea (1808-1933). Este trabajo de largo análisis permite recorrer la evolución de la legislación y analizar los debates principalmente centrados en la cuestión de las incompatibilidades. Partiendo de una situación inicial en que los diputados de las Cortes de Cádiz y el Trienio Liberal (1808-1823) cobraban unas dietas por representación, se pasó a la adopción del sistema político liberal censitario, que, exceptuando el Sexenio Democrático (1868-1874), duró hasta 1890, en que solo participaban los mayores contribuyentes y el cargo de diputado se consideró un honor que debía ser ejercido de forma gratuita. Esta concepción cambió con la llegada de la II República y la adopción de un sistema democrático universal, que garantizaba los derechos políticos de todos los ciudadanos y la necesaria retribución de los diputados. Fecha de envío / Submission date: 4/05/2020 Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 17/07/2020

Государственная ветеринарная служба Ярославской области прошла сложный путь развития и в настоящее время является самостоятельной структурой, обеспеченной высококвалифицированными кадрами. В дореволюционный период в Ярославской области отмечалась высокая заболеваемость и падёж сельскохозяйственных животных, что было связано с недостаточным количеством ветеринарных специалистов. Первые упоминания о ветеринарной службе Ярославской области датируются началом XIX века. Структура ветеринарной службы России начала складываться во второй половине XIX века: 2 декабря 1868 года было организовано Центральное ветеринарное управление при Министерстве внутренних дел с подчинёнными ему губернскими и уездными ветеринарными врачами. В Ярославской губернии до 1890 года было всего 2 земских ветеринарных врача и 10 фельдшеров. С 1903 года в Ярославской губернии начинают открываться ветеринарные лаборатории, а с 1906 года бактериологические кабинеты. В этот период наблюдаются изменения и в структуре государственной ветеринарной службы России. В Ярославской области ветеринарная служба с 2012 года стала самостоятельным органом исполнительной власти департаментом ветеринарии Ярославской области. В настоящее время ветеринарную деятельность в Ярославской области осуществляет областная ветеринарная лаборатория, а также станция по борьбе с болезнями животных.The State Veterinary Service of the Yaroslavl Region has passed a difficult path of development and is currently an independent structure provided with skilled workforce. In the prerevolutionary period in the Yaroslavl region there was a high incidence of disease and death loss of farm animals which was associated with an insufficient number of veterinary specialists. The first mention of the veterinary service of the Yaroslavl region dates back to the beginning of the 20 century. The structure of the veterinary service of Russia began to take shape in the second half of the 20 century: the Central Veterinary Administration under the Ministry of the Interior was organized on the 2nd of December, 1868 with its subordinate provincial and district veterinarians. In the Yaroslavl province until 1890 there were only 2 Zemsky veterinarians and 10 Veterinary Technicians. From 1903 veterinary laboratories began to open in the Yaroslavl province and from 1906 bacteriological rooms. During this period changes in the structure of the state veterinary service of Russia are observed. Since 2012 the veterinary service in the Yaroslavl region has become an independent executive body the veterinary department of the Yaroslavl region. Currently veterinary activities in the Yaroslavl region are carried out by the regional veterinary laboratory as well as the station of animal disease control.

The fifth labour of Hercules required that he clean out, in one day, the thirty years of accumulated mess that the thousands of cattle owned by King Augeus had created. The Augean Stable of St Paul’s Cathedral had taken much longer to accumulate its liturgical mess, and would take much longer to clean out!

Other than a few remarkable exceptions, and because of their lack of social, educational, and political rights, women of the early Meiji period (1868–1890) have often been regarded as powerless actors in the formation and expansion of the bourgeoning Japanese public sphere. Following the research that feminist scholars have developed over the past twenty years on the redefinition of Jürgen Habermas' concepts of “public” and “private” in relation to Western women's lives, I would like to demonstrate how, even when lacking the possibility of changing their lives, some groups of Japanese women during the 1880s were nevertheless able to gather together, bring forth demands in public settings, and make public topics of discussion that had hither to been considered unworthy of public debate and pertaining only to the private lives of Japanese male citizens. In order to do so, I will take into consideration some of the activities organized by the women belonging to the Tōkyō Fujin Kyōfūkai, the Japanese branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W.C.T.U.).

The literature on nationalism ascribes a pivotal role to schools in creating what Benedict Anderson calls an “imagined community,” through the formation and dissemination of a common national identity and a shared national consciousness where none existed before (e.g., Anderson 1983; Gellner 1983; Hobsbawm 1990; Smith 1991). It is not unusual to find Japan cited as a prime example of this process, not only among theorists of nationalism, but among Japan specialists, as well (e.g., Beauchamp 1988, 226–29; Cummings 1980, 17–25; Hunter 1989, 192–97; Ienaga 1978; Pyle 1996, 125–30; Rohlen 1983, 46–57; Schoppa 1991, 29–31; Thomas 1996, 254–62). In general, they portray the first two decades of the Meiji period, between 1868 and 1890, as the era when a modern national consciousness merged with a revivified nativist identity to form an “emperor-centered nationalism” that was institutionalized and propagated by the state, chiefly through a newly established compulsory, centralized school system. Frequently, this assertion is supported by citing the Imperial Rescript on Education (1890), which begins, “Our Imperial Ancestors have founded Our Empire on a basis broad and everlasting and have deeply and firmly implanted virtue; Our subjects, ever united in loyalty and filial piety, have from generation to generation illustrated the beauty thereof.” This distinctive brand of Japanese nationalism is also regarded as a factor contributing to the subsequent development of Japanese imperialism and the country's pursuit of a colonial empire abroad, which began with its victory in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), and concluded fifty years later with its defeat in the Pacific War.

Este artigo aborda a samuraização, ou seja, a valorização e instrumentalização da tradição samurai, ocorridas durante o processo de modernização e consolidação do Estado japonês durante a Era Meiji (1868-1912). Buscamos discutir aqui como se deu essa samuraização, ou, em outras palavras, responder à questão de como e porque a samuraização ocorreu. Para isso se busca identificar os métodos e as razões que nortearam esse processo, trabalhando com a hipótese, que resulta confirmada na conclusão, de que este foi um processo de imaginação, ou invenção, do Japão moderno como uma comunidade. Para isso as fontes analisadas serão tanto documentos oficiais do governo Meiji, notadamente o Rescrito Imperial dos Soldados e Marinheiros de 1882, a Constituição do Império do Japão de 1889, o Rescrito Imperial para a Educação de 1890, o Código Civil de 1898, e o relatório do general Yamagata Aritomo sobre o exército japonês, escrito em 1908, assim como textos de época, escritos por autores independentes como Inazo Nitobe, Dairoku Kikuchi e Lafcadio Hearn. Como referenciais teóricos serão trabalhados conceitos como “Comunidade Imaginada”, cunhado por Benedict Anderson, “tradição”, principalmente na concepção de Edward Shils e “tradição inventada”, segundo Eric Hobsbawm.

Мета. Розкрити особливості функціонування фізичної культури в школах Галичини (1868–1918 рр.). Методи. Джерельною базою дослідження були архівні матеріали міст Перемишля, Львова,Іван-Франківська, Тернополя, пов’язаних з діяльністю закладів середньої освіти в Галичині за часівАвстро-Угорської імперії. Результати. Розвиток організованої української фізичної культури в школахГаличини бере свій початок з другої половини ХІХ століття. Офіційно це розпочалося з публікації в 1868р. Радою національної школи циркуляру, який зобов’язував шкільну владу вводити в навчальні програминародних шкіл фізичну культуру та організовувати семінари для підготовки вчителів цього профілю.Починаючи з 1890 р. усі вчителі були зобов’язані залучати шкільну молодь до участі в оздо-ровчо-рекреаційних заходах з використанням фізичних вправ. З іншого боку, директори шкіл мали нада-вати щорічні окремі звіти про діяльність школи з фізичної культури. Важливим кроком щодо покра-щення фізичної підготовки учнів було запровадження у 1901 р. двох уроків з фізичної культури протягомтижня. Проте через брак кваліфікованих вчителів фізичної культури в народних школах та гімназіяхфізична підготовка учнів не завжди здійснювалася в необхідному обсязі. Для покращення рівня фізичноїпідготовленості школярів велике значення мало проведення методичних конференції з директорами тавчителями фізичної культури. Це підтверджується шкільними звітами, які містять дані, як про фізич-ний розвиток, так і фізичну підготовленість учнів, починаючи з 1896 р. Під час проведення уроків фі-зичної культури використовувалися гімнастичні й легкоатлетичні вправи (біг, стрибки, метання), рух-ливі та спортивні ігри, їзда на велосипеді, плавання у відкритих водоймах, а в зимовий період катання налижах, санах і навіть крикет. Із позаурочних форм фізичної підготовки популярними були ігри і забавипід час перерв, а з позашкільних – піші туристичні мандрівки. Висновок. Отже, у період 1968-1918 рр вшколах Галичини (українських і польських) були закладені основи сучасної фізичної підготовки шкільноїмолоді, а відтак й ефективного контролю за станом цього процесу в школах, що може бути вико-ристано й на сучасному етапі формування компетентностей учнів з фізичної культури й здоровогоспособу життя.Ключові слова: школа, учні, фізична культура.

The article analyzes money flows associated with agricultural products exports from Orlovskaya Guberniya which help the authors to trace the geography of incomes from interregional trade and conclude about the economic changes in this agrarian region. The source base is statistics of interregional bank transfers, loans against goods transported by railways and bills of exchange with the payment outside the guberniya. These statistics refer to the Oryol Commercial Bank and the Oryol and Yelets branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in 1868, 1878, 1888 and 1898. Network and spatial analysis are applied to these data. To interpret the results the authors use narrative sources telling about the economical state of Orlovskaya Gubernia. The study concludes that the Riga-Oryol railway that assigned the gubeniya the interregional trade status partially lost its importance in 1890 as far as exports from the Black Earth Region are concerned. This led to more diversified form of profits based on agricultural products trade. Big money flows from St. Petersburg and Moscow can be explained not only by payment for goods but also by broader ties of the guberniya with the capitals. The latter fact requires further study. Exports to the southern regions of European Russia were less important and those to the east were negligible. In the 1890s many new interregional railways stimulated sharp trade increase within the Central Black Earth Region, but this phenomenon of regional development has also been poorly studied.

Se determinó la fluctuación poblacional de escarabajos descortezadores de pino del género Dendroctonus, en el municipio de San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. La investigación se realizo durante un periodo anual que comprendió de noviembre de 2016 a noviembre de 2017, Se determinaron dos sitios de muestreo, usando trampas multiembudo tipo Lindgren cebadas con semioquímicos. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis descriptivo realizando graficas de fluctuación poblacional por especie y género, para determinar la relación entre la temperatura (mínima, media y máxima) y la fluctuación poblacional por especie del género Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836, se aplicó el análisis de correlación de Pearson. Se capturaron en total 1,981 ejemplares del género Dendroctonus, distribuidas en seis especies: D. frontalis Zimmermann, 1868, D. adjunctus Blandford, 1897, D. approximatus Dietz, 1890, D. valens LeConte, 1860, D. parallelocollis Chapuis, 1869 y D. mesoamericanus Armendáriz-Toledano y Sullivan, 2015, las mayores capturas se registraron durante la temporada calurosa en las estaciones de primavera y verano, con excepción de D. frontalis que se capturó en mayor abundancia durante la temporada fría en el mes de diciembre de 2016. La relación entre la temperatura y la variación poblacional es mejor correlacionada con la temperatura máxima, en comparación con la temperatura mínima y media, además, la población del género Dendroctonus presento mayor abundancia en el período caluroso con temperaturas entre los 24 y 28.8 °C, en las estaciones de primavera y verano.

This article shows how discourse on Beethoven's late works has been underpinned by material fascination with the composer's body, most apparent in the cult veneration of his dying face, which was commodified in the form of his mask. From 1890 to 1920 in Germany and Austria, Beethoven's mask became a ubiquitous item of decor for the music room, a devotional object linked with the face of Christ in the popular imagination. This mislabeled “death” mask was cast during Beethoven's lifetime, a stoic visage that put a face to the legend: that is, to the legendary 1868 account by Anselm Hüttenbrenner that recounted Beethoven's death as a heroic battle with the storm clouds. Two conflicting physiognomies—the stubborn Napoleonic commander and the suffering Christ-like redeemer—led to a critical divide that saw late works as either transcendent of, or marred by, suffering. When we unmask a prehistory of late style, we see how modern discourse on lateness still orbits around this tension between the spiritual and material, between transcendence and decay, and how this critical tradition crystallized around Theodor W. Adorno's stark resistance to the transcendent deathbed that was epitomized by the writings of Ludwig Nohl. Lateness, then, has a hidden backbone in a popular fascination with the artist's body. This same fascination led many to imagine Beethoven's final compositions as almost tangible traces of his person, hearing his late Adagios as “grave-songs,” as the composer's dying voice.

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a biological control agent are a group of beetles with a considerable diversity and adaptation in different habitats. Among aphids, <em>Aphis punicae</em> Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of pomegranate orchards in Iran. This pest reduces plant vigor, facilitate the growth of mold on leaves, and consequently influences crop quality and yield. Study on the fauna of predatory ladybugs associated with pomegranate orchards was conducted that were feeding on <em>Aphis punicae</em> in the Najafabad region (Isfahan province, Iran). Twelve species of 8 genera were collected Sampled specimens were identified according to their morphological, male and female genitalia characters using identification keys. The identified species were as follow: <em>Adalia bipunctata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> Linnaeus, 1758, <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> Linnaeus, 1758, <em>Exochomus undulates</em> Weise, 1878, <em>Hippodamia variegate</em> (Goeze, 1777), <em>Hippodamia tredecimpunctata</em><em> (</em>Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Oenopia conglobata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Oenopia oncina</em> (Olivier, 1808), <em>Propylea quatuordecimpuctata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Scymnus syriacus</em> (Marseul, 1868), <em>Scymnus mongolicus </em>(Weise, 1890).

This paper, dedicated to search for identification methods of genera of Salticidae (Araneae), presents prototype of a “Handbook of Jumping Spiders Identification”, based on morphology of palps, spermathecae and ducts, as well as some other easily noticeable characters. It includes diagnostic drawings of representative species of each genus, additional survey of diversity of these characters in 4800 recognizable species is available instantly, by hyperlinks provided to parallel Internet "Monograph of the Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2016".Part I "Introduction to alternative classification of Salticidae" by Prószyński (2016a), accessible at: http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/Subfamilies/ [too large to be published whole as a PDF]. The work contains methodological suggestions on how the proposed system could be improved and further developed. Partial revision of the present taxonomic system of Salticidae is included.The paper provides diagnoses and diagnostic drawings to genera of Salticidae, grouped to facilitate identification into morphologically coherent, informal groups of genera. There are following provisional groups proposed: AEURILLINES, AMYCINES, AMYCOIDA VARIA, ASTIAINES, BELIPPINES, CHRYSILLINES, COCALODINES, COLONINES [= former Thiodininae], DENDRYPHANTINES, DIOLENINES, EUODENINES, EUOPHRYINES, EUPOAINES, EVARCHINES, HABRONATTINES, HARMOCHIRINES, HELIOPHANINES, HISPONINES, HYLLINES, ICIINES, LAPSIINES, LIGONIPEINES, LYSSOMANINES, MENEMERINES, MYRMARACHNINES, NOTICIINES, PELLENINES, PSEUDICIINES, SIMAETHINES, SITTICINES, SPARTAEINES, THIRATOSCIRTINAE, YAGINUMAELLINES, YLLENINES. There is also temporary UNCLASSIFIED group and display of exemplary FOSSILS. The proposals of grouping and delimitation have working character, pending further research and tests.The following synonyms and combinations (new, corrected or reinstated) are listed in the paper together with their documentation and/or discussions. They have been accumulated during 22 years of work on database, but are printed for the first time only now (location of their documentation in the text below can be quickly found using computer searching facility).Aelurillus stanislawi (Prószyński, 1999) (male from Israel) = Rafalus stanislawi Prószyński, 1999, Aelurillus stanislawi Azarkina, (2006) (nec Prószyński, 1999) = Aelurillus minutus Azarkina, 2002, Amphidraus manni (Bryant 1943) = Nebridia manni Bryant 1943, Amphidraus mendica (Bryant 1943) = Nebridia mendica Bryant 1943, Amphidraus semicanus (Simon, 1902) = Nebridia semicana Simon, 1902, Bianor incitatus Thorell, 1890 (in part) = Stichius albomaculatus Thorell, 1890, Bryantella smaragdus (Crane, 1945) = Bryantella smaragda (Crane, 1945), Chinattus undulatus (Song & Chai, 1992) (in part, male) = Chinattus szechwanensis (Prószyński, 1992), Colyttus kerinci (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Donoessus kerinci Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Colyttus nigriceps (Simon, 1899) = Donoessus nigriceps (Simon, 1899), Colyttus striatus (Simon, 1902) = Donoessus striatus (Simon, 1902), Cytaea severa (Thorell, 1881) (in part) = Cytaea alburna Keyserling, 1882, Euophrys minuta Prószynski, 1992 ) = Lechia minuta (Prószynski, 1992 ), Laufeia daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Junxattus daiqini Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Laufeia kuloni (Prószynski & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Orcevia kuloni Prószynski & Deeleman-Reinhold 2012, Laufeia keyserlingi (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia keyserlingi (Thorell, 1890), Laufeia eucola (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia eucola (Thorell, 1890), Laufeia perakensis (Simon, 1901) = Orcevia perakensis (Simon, 1901), Laufeia proszynskii Song, Gu & Chen, 1988 = Orcevia proszynskii (Song, Gu & Chen, 1988), Laufeia squamata ( Żabka, 1985 ) = Lechia squamata Żabka, 1985, Maevia C. L. Koch, 1846 (in part) = Paramaevia Barnes, 1955, Maevia hobbsae Barnes, 1958 = Paramaevia hobbsae Barnes, 1958, Maevia michelsoni Barnes, 1958 = Paramaevia michelsoni (Barnes, 1958), Maevia poultoni Peckham & Peckham, 1909 = Paramaevia poultoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1901),Maratus anomaliformis (Żabka, 1987) = "Lycidas" anomaliformis Żabka, 1987, Metaphidippus felix (Peckham & Peckham, 1901) = Messua felix (Peckham & Peckham, 1901), Monomotapa principalis Wesolowska, 2000 = Iranattus principalis (Wesolowska, 2000), Myrmarachne exasperans (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) = Emertonius exasperans Peckham & Peckham, 1892, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne ramosa Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne contracta (Karsch, 1880), Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne albicrurata Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne lateralis Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne providens Simon, 1901, Myrmavola globosa (Wanless, 1978) = Toxeus globosus (Wanless, 1978) (self-correction), Omoedus albertisi (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus albertisi (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus arcipluvii (Peckham, Peckham, 1901) = Zenodorus arcipluvii (Peckham, Peckham, 1901), Omoedus asper (Karsch, 1878) = Ascyltus asper (Karsch, 1878), Omoedus bernsteini (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus bernsteini (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus brevis Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus brevis (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus cyanothorax (Thorell, 1881) = Pystira cyanothorax (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus durvillei (Walckenaer, 1837) = Zenodorus durvillei (Walckenaer, 1837)- Omoedus danae (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus danae Hogg, 1915, - Omoedus darleyorum Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus darleyorum (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012),Omoedus ephippigerus (Simon, 1885) = Pystira ephippigera (Simon, 1885), Omoedus karschi (Thorell, 1881) = Pystira karschi (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus lepidus (Guerin, 1834) = Zenodorus lepidus (Guerin, 1834), Omoedus metallescens (Koch L., 1879) = Zenodorus metallescens (Koch L., 1879), Omoedus meyeri Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus meyeri (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus microphthalmus (Koch L., 1881) = Zenodorus microphthalmus (Koch L., 1881), Omoedus nigripalpis (Thorell, 1877) = Pystira nigripalpis (Thorell, 1877)]. Omoedus obscurofemoratus (Keyserling, 1883) = Zenodorus obscurofemoratus (Keyserling, 1883), Omoedus omundseni Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus omundseni (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus orbiculatus (Keyserling, 1881) = Zenodorus orbiculatus (Keyserling, 1881), Omoedus papuanus Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus papuanus (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus ponapensis (Berry, Beatty, Prószyński, 1996) = Zenodorus ponapensis Berry, Beatty, Prószynski, 1996, Omoedus semirasus (Keyserling, 1882) = Zenodorus semirasus (Keyserling, 1882), Omoedus swiftorum Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus swiftorum (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus tortuosus Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus tortuosus (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus versicolor (Dyal, 1935) = Pystira versicolor Dyal, 1935, [Unrecognizable species of Zenodorus: Omoedus jucundus (Rainbow, 1912) = Zenodorus jucundus (Rainbow, 1912), Omoedus juliae (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus juliae (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus marginatus (Simon, 1902) = Zenodorus marginatus (Simon, 1902), Omoedus niger (Karsch, 1878) = Zenodorus niger (Karsch, 1878), - Omoedus pupulus (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus pupulus (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus pusillus (Strand, 1913) = Zenodorus pusillus (Strand, 1913), Omoedus rhodopae (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus rhodopae (Hogg, 1915), Omoedus syrinx (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus syrinx Hogg, 1915, Omoedus variatus (Pocock, 1899) = Zenodorus variatus (Pocock, 1899), Omoedus varicans (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus varicans Thorell, 1881, Omoedus wangillus (Strand, 1911) = Zenodorus wangillus Strand, 1911], Pellenes ostrinus (Simon, 1884) (in part) = Pellenes diagonalis Simon, 1868, Pseudicius alter Wesolowska, 1999 = Afraflacilla altera (Wesolowska, 1999), Pseudicius arabicus (Wesolowska, van Harten, 1994) = Afraflacilla arabica Wesolowska, van Harten, 1994, Pseudicius bipunctatus Peckham, Peckham, 1903 = Afraflacilla bipunctata (Peckham, Peckham, 1903), Pseudicius braunsi Peckham, Peckham, 1903 = Afraflacilla braunsi (Peckham, Peckham, 1903), Pseudicius datuntatus Logunov, Zamanpoore, 2005= Afraflacilla datuntata (Logunov, Zamanpoore, 2005), Pseudicius elegans (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008) = Afraflacilla elegans (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008), Pseudicius eximius Wesolowska, Russel-Smith, 2000 = Afraflacilla eximia (Wesolowska, Russel-Smith, 2000), Pseudicius fayda Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010 = Afraflacilla fayda (Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010), Pseudicius flavipes Caporiacco, 1935 = Afraflacilla flavipes (Caporiacco, 1935), Pseudicius histrionicus Simon, 1902 = Afraflacilla histrionica (Simon, 1902), Pseudicius imitator Wesolowska, Haddad, 2013 = Afraflacilla imitator (Wesolowska, Haddad, 2013), Pseudicius javanicus Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 = Afraflacilla javanica (Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012), Pseudicius karinae (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2011) = Afraflacilla karinae (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2011), Pseudicius kraussi Marples, 1964 = Afraflacilla kraussi (Marples, 1964), Pseudicius mikhailovi Prószynski, 1999 = Afraflacilla mikhailovi (Prószynski, 1999), Pseudicius mushrif Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010 = Afraflacilla mushrif (Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010), Pseudicius philippinensis Prószynski, 1992 = Afraflacilla philippinensis (Prószynski, 1992), Pseudicius punctatus Marples, 1957 = Afraflacilla punctata (Marples, 1957), Pseudicius refulgens Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008 = Afraflacilla refulgens (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008), Pseudicius reiskindi Prószynski, 1992 = Afraflacilla reiskindi (Prószynski, 1992), Pseudicius roberti Wesolowska, 2011 = Afraflacilla roberti (Wesolowska, 2011), Pseudicius spiniger (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1872) = Afraflacilla spiniger (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1872), Pseudicius tamaricis Simon, 1885 = Afraflacilla tamaricis (Simon, 1885), Pseudicius tripunctatus Prószynski, 1989 = Afraflacilla tripunctata (Prószynski, 1989), Pseudicius venustulus Wesolowska, Haddad, 2009 = Afraflacilla venustula (Wesolowska, Haddad, 2009), Pseudicius wadis Prószynski, 1989 = Afraflacilla wadis (Prószynski, 1989), Pseudicius zuluensis Haddad, Wesolowska, 2013 = Afraflacilla zuluensis (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2013), Servaea incana (Karsch, 1878) (in part) = Servaea vestita ( L. Koch, 1879), Sidusa extensa (Peckham & Peckham, 1896) = Cobanus extensus (Peckham & Peckham, 1896), Sidusa Peckham & Peckham, 1895 (in part) = Cobanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1900, Sidusa Peckham & Peckham, 1895 (in part) = Wallaba Mello-Leitão, 1940, Stagetillus elegans (Reimoser, 1927) = "Padillothorax" elegans Reimoser, 1927, Stagetillus taprobanicus (Simon, 1902) = "Padillothorax" taprobanicus Simon, 1902, Telamonia besanconi (Berland & Millot, 1941) = Brancus besanconi (Berland & Millot, 1941), Telamonia fuscimana (Simon, 1903) = Brancus fuscimanus (Simon, 1903), Telamonia longiuscula (Thorell, 1899) = Hyllus longiusculus (Thorell, 1899), Telamonia thoracica (Thorell, 1899) [="Viciria"thoracica: Prószyński, 1984 = Hyllus thoracicus (Thorell, 1899), - Thiania sundevalli (Thorell, 1890) = Nicylla sundevalli Thorell, 1890, Thiania spectrum (Simon, 1903) = Thianitara spectrum Simon, 1903, Thiania thailandica (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Thianitara thailandica Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Viciria albocincta Thorell, 1899 = Hyllus albocinctus (Thorell, 1899), Yaginumaella striatipes (Grube, 1861) (in part) = Yaginumaella ususudi Yaginuma, 1972.

Omissions from and corrections to Alonso Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) are given. The following 19 valid taxa described before 2000 were absent and are now included: Brarus Kuschel, 1997 in Nemonychidae, Brachycorynus, Habroxenus, Neoxenus, Sicanthus and Trigonorhinini (all of Valentine, 1999 in Anthribidae), Gobicar Gratshev & Zherikhin, 1999 in Eccoptarthridae, Neoicaris Hoffmann, 1968 in Erirhinidae, Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & García, 1999, Ecezius Thompson, 1982, Hirtegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Kyklioacalles Stueben, 1999, Neasphalmus Nakane, 1963, Neomroczkowskiella Kania, 1999, Notegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Onyxacalles Stueben, 1999, Oreochorus Zaslavskij & Korotyaev, 1998, Perigasteromimus Colonnelli, 1999, Pseudoglyptobaris Thompson, 1982 and Strophocodes Pelletier, 1999 in Curculionidae. A new replacement name is proposed in Attelabidae: Riedeliops Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (subgenus of Euops Schoenherr, 1839) nom. nov. for Charops Riedel, 1998 (non Holmgren, 1858). New synonymies are: Basitropini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Eugonini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Anthribidae; Haplorhynchites (Haplorhynchites) Voss, 1924 (= Aphlorhynchites Sawada, 1993, syn. nov., removed from synonymy with Teretriorhynchites) in Rhynchitidae; Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 (= Belopherus Schoenherr, 1833, syn. nov.) and Arrhenodini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Belorhynchini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Brentidae; Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) Seidlitz, 1890 (= Otiorhynchus (Normotionus) Reitter, 1912, syn. nov.), Pseudomeira Stierlin, 1881 (= Neoperitelinus O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982, syn. nov.), Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823 (= Liophloeidae Gistel, 1848, syn. nov.), Leptomias (Leptomias) Faust, 1886 (= Formanekia Fleischer, 1923, syn. nov.) and Trachodini Gistel, 1848 (= Acicnemidini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Curculionidae. New type species designations are: Hypera arvernica Capiomont, 1868 for Pachypera Capiomont, 1868 (Curculionidae) and Orthosinus velatus Motschulsky, 1863 for Orthosinus Motschulsky, 1863 (Dryophthoridae). Two taxa are described as new in Curculionidae: Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, subgen. nov. (type species Otiorhynchus kollari Gyllenhal, 1834, in Entiminae Otiorhynchini), and PajnisoodesAlonso-Zarazaga & Lyal gen. nov. (type species: Dirodes flavomaculatus Pajni & Sood, 1982 in Lixinae Cleonini). New combinations are: Pajnisoodes flavomaculatus (Pajni & Sood, 1982) and P. chandigarhensis (Pajni & Sood, 1982), both from Dirodes. New placements are: Teretriorhynchites Voss, 1938 to subgenus of Haplorhynchites (from Involvulus) (Rhynchitidae). Hypodeporaus Voss, 1922 to subgenus of Deporaus (from synonymy under Caenorhinus) (Rhynchitidae). Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 to genus in Arrhenodini (from synonymy under Nemorhinus) (Brentidae). Tychaeini Schönfeldt, 1910 to tribe in Trachelizinae (from synonymy under Belorhynchini) (Brentidae). Afghanocryptus Voss, 1961 to Erirhininae Arthrostenini (Erirhinidae) from Ocladiinae (Brachyceridae). Myocalandra Faust, 1894 to Diocalandrini (from Litosomini) (Dryophthoridae). Hydronomidius Faust, 1898 to Erirhininae Erirhinini (Erirhinidae) from Bagoinae (Curculionidae). Picia Tournier, 1895 to Erirhinini from Stenopelmini (Erirhinidae). Hypsomus Schoenherr, 1836, Sidomenia Laporte, 1840 and Stenotypus Marshall, 1957 to Curculioninae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Meripherellus Lea, 1915 to Tychiini i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Opsittis Pascoe, 1870 to Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Praolepra Broun, 1880 to Storeini (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Herpes Bedel, 1874 to Hyperinae Hyperini (from Entiminae Thecesternini) (Curculionidae). Oropterus White, 1846 to Eugnomini from Anthonomini (Curculionidae). Pachytrichus Schoenherr, 1836 to Curculioninae i. sed. from Rhythirrhinini (Curculionidae). Oreoscotus Aurivillius, 1910 to Aminyopini from Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae). Dirodes Pascoe, 1887 to Sternechini from Cleonini (Curculionidae). Rhinospineus Hoffmann, 1961 to genus in Cyphicerina (from synonymy under Taurostomus) (Curculionidae). Epicthonius Schoenherr, 1823 to genus in Cyclomini (from synonymy under Cyclomus) (Curculionidae). Caulostrophilus Desbrochers, 1905 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Caulostrophus) and Pelletierius Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Strophosoma) (Curculionidae). Meconemus Labram & Imhoff, [1838] is reinstated as the valid name for Ischnocerus Schoenherr, 1839 (Anthribidae).

The book collection of the famous Russian statesman of the XIX century Count Peter Alexandrovich Valuev (1815–1890) was acquired by the Ministry of Public Education in 1885 for a university under construction in Tomsk. This article is dedicated to the content study of this book collection, stored in the Scientific Library of TSU. The subject of the study is a collection of educational books and publications on the reform of the public education system in Russia in the 1860s. The main task is to study them in the context of state activities and personal characteristics of P.A. Valuev. The methodological basis of the research is bibliological and cultural-historical methods. The article presents the results of studying textbooks and publications of a legislative nature on education in Russia, included in this collection. In studying the collection, the entries in Valuev’s diary, made in the period from 1861 to 1868, when he headed the Ministry of Internal Affairs, were of a great help. The article provides brief information about the state activities of Valuev in the period from 1860 to 1880. On the eve of the Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia, the Ministry of Public Education, realizing the unsatisfactory state of educational institutions in the country, made a decision about their transformation. In 1856, they began with a revision of the university charter and the charter of gymnasiums and schools, adopted during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. Only in the 1860s a consideration of the drafts of these charters prepared by this time had began. The first part considers publications related to the development of the new charters for educational institutions in Russia in the 1860s, which give an idea of the specific documents which Valuev worked with. “The Draft of the General Charter of Imperial Russian Universities” is presented in the collection in three different editions, published in 1862. The last draft of the charter, developed by members of scientific committee of the Ministry, was taken as the basis for the new university charter, which was published in 1863. The collection also contains “The Draft of the Charter of general education institutions”, as well as the “Charter of gymnasiums and pro-gymnasiums”, published in 1864. Numerous notes in copies belonging to Valuev, indicating his work on these projects, were analyzed. Another part of the collection – textbooks – gives an unusual touch to the owner's personality. The features of textbooks stored in the library are identified and the publication histories of some of them are revealed. Among those are copies of textbooks on trigonometry, chemistry, zoology, botany, etc., which contain the notes of his youngest son Nikolai. Being a highly educated person, Valuev appreciated good textbooks: not only he acquired them for his son, but also stored them in his library, despite the remaining traces of Nikolai's diligent work with these books during his studies. The content of the collection, somewhat unusual for Count Valuev, which is considered in this article, emphasizes the cultural and historical significance of his library.

During the editing of the paper “In memory of Pietro Doderlein” (Massa et al. 2018), consulting Doderlein’s bibliography, and highlighting some interesting documents and the material preserved in the Museum of Zoology of the University of Palermo (MZPA) (today named after Doderlein), a taxonomic anomaly was noticed about a grouper collected more than one hundred years ago. The aim of the present statement is to prove that the name Cerna sicana Doderlein, 1882 (presently as Epinephelus sicanus [Doderlein, 1882]) should be considered a valid species unless it is demonstrated that it is a synonym of another valid species. In 1882 Doderlein described Cerna sicana from a single specimen (Fig. 1). The holotype is a female, composed of three parts: MZPA-P/46 comprising the stuffed specimen bearing the external anatomical features (Fig. 1), MZPA-AN/440 comprising the dry gill arches and the heart (Fig. 2), and MZPA-AN/1233 comprising the vertebral column (Fig. 3). The eyes and the digestive and reproductive organs, originally stored in liquid, are lost. The specimen was collected in the central Mediterranean Sea along the coast of northern Sicily (Palermo), southern Italy, in December 1882 and deposited at the Museum of Zoology “P. Doderlein” of the University of Palermo. Later Doderlein (1889) moved the species to the genus Epinephelus Bloch, 1793. About his new species, Doderlein (1882) wrote (translated from Italian): “Serranus Cernioides, Brito Capello, and Serranus Caninus, Val., are those most related to this … It should be established if its characters could allow it to be described as a new species or if they could be anomalies of one of the previously cited species. In order to highlight the peculiar characters, I tentatively decide to name it Serranus or Cerna Sicana, after the locality where it was caught”. Doderlein (1889) wrote about the new species to D.S. Jordan[1] then at the Indiana University of Bloomington (USA), who replied that he considered E. sicanus as a valid species, and that Jordan noted two other adults and a third young specimen collected in Brazil, in 1865, in the Louis Agassiz collection, preserved in the Museum of Cambridge (presently Museum of Comparative Zoology—MCZ, Harvard University, USA) that he considered as possibly conspecific with E. sicanus. According to A. Williston (MCZ curator, pers. comm.) two likely candidates for these Jordan-Doderlein specimens are still present in the museum (voucher codes MCZ 9787 and MCZ 9788), identified as “Epinephelus (allied to nigritus, perhaps new)”. Soon after, Jordan & Eigenmann (1890) synonymized Cerna sicana with Epinephelus merus (Poey, 1868). Subsequently, Boulenger (1895) synonymized Epinephelus merus and E. sicanus with Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook, 1855), apparently without observing the holotype of C. sicana as argued by Tortonese (1956). [1] Jordan (1891) described Symphodus doderleini with the following etymology: “We have given to it the new name of Symphodus doderleini, in honor of our excellent friend Prof. Pietro Doderlein of the University of Palermo”; this is a proof of the esteem that he had for him.

The Diptera genus-group names of Camillo Rondani are reviewed and annotated. A total of 601 nomenclaturally available genus-group names in 82 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically. For each name the following are given: author, year and page of original publication, originally included species [and first included species if none were originally included], type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. In addition, an index is provided to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Rondani (1,236, of which 1,183 are available) with bibliographic reference to each original citation. Appended to this study is a full bibliography of Rondani’s works and a list with explanations for all new synonymies arising from revised emendations. Corrected or clarified type-species and/or corrected or clarified type-species designations are given for the following genus-group names: Anoplomerus Rondani, 1856 [Dolichopodidae]; Biomya Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Bremia Rondani, 1861 [Cecidomyiidae]; Deximorpha Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Elasmocera Rondani, 1845 [Asilidae]; Enteromyza Rondani, 1857 [Oestridae]; Exogaster Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Istocheta Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Istoglossa Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Lejogaster Rondani, 1857 [Syrphidae]; Lignodesia Rondani, 1868 [Phaeomyiidae]; Medorilla Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Meroplius Rondani, 1874 [Sepsidae]; Nodicornis Rondani, 1843 [Dolichopodidae]; Omalostoma Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Opegiocera Rondani, 1845 [Asilidae]; Petagnia Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Phaniosoma Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Proboscina Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Pyragrura Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]; Stemonocera Rondani, 1870 [Tephritidae]; Telejoneura Rondani, 1863 [Asilidae]; Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]. The following genus-group names previously treated as available were found to be unavailable: Bombyliosoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Bombyliidae]; Bombylosoma Marschall, 1873, n. stat. [Bombyliidae]; Brachynevra Agassiz, 1846, n. stat. [Cecidomyiidae]; Calliprobola Rondani, 1856, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Camponeura Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Chlorosoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Engyzops Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Calliphoridae]; Exodonta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Histochaeta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Histoglossa Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Homalostoma Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Hoplacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Hoplodonta Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]; Liota Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Lomatacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Machaera Mik, 1890, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Machaira Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Myiatropa Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Syrphidae]; Oplacantha Verrall, 1882, n. stat. [Stratiomyidae]. Previous First Reviser actions for multiple original spellings missed by previous authors include: Genus-group names—Achanthipodus Rondani, 1856 [Dolichopodidae]; Argyrospila Rondani, 1856 [Bombyliidae]; Botria Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Chetoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Chrysoclamys Rondani, 1856 [Syrphidae]; Cyrtophloeba Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Istocheta Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Macherea Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Macronychia Rondani, 1859 [Sarcophagidae]; Pachylomera Rondani, 1856 [Psilidae]; Peratochetus Rondani, 1856 [Clusiidae]; Phytophaga Rondani, 1840 [Cecidomyiidae]; Spylosia Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Thlipsogaster Rondani, 1863 [Bombyliidae]; Tricogena Rondani, 1856 [Rhinophoridae]; Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 [Tachinidae]; Viviania Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]. Species-group name—Sphixapata albifrons Rondani, 1859 [Sarcophagidae]. Acting as First Reviser, the following correct original spellings for multiple original spellings are selected by us: Bellardia Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Chetoptilia Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Chetylia Rondani, 1861 [Tachinidae]; Clytiomyia Rondani, 1862 [Tachinidae]; Cryptopalpus Rondani, 1850 [Tachinidae]; Diatomineura Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Enteromyza Rondani, 1857 [Oestridae]; Esenbeckia Rondani, 1863 [Tabanidae]; Hammomyia Rondani, 1877 [Anthomyiidae]; Hydrothaea Rondani, 1856 [Muscidae]; Hyrmophlaeba Rondani, 1863 [Nemestrinidae]; Limnomya Rondani, 1861 [Limoniidae]; Lyoneura Rondani, 1856 [Psychodidae]; Micetoica Rondani, 1861 [Anisopodidae]; Miennis Rondani, 1869 [Ulidiidae]; Mycetomiza Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Mycosia Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Mycozetaea Rondani, 1861 [Mycetophilidae]; Piotepalpus Rondani, 1856 [Mycetophilidae]; Prothechus Rondani, 1856 [Pipunculidae]; Spyloptera Rondani, 1856 [Limoniidae]; Teremya Rondani, 1875 [Lonchaeidae]; Thricogena Rondani, 1859 [Tachinidae]; Trichopalpus Rondani, 1856 [Scathophagidae]; Trichopeza Rondani, 1856 [Brachystomatidae]; Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 [Muscidae]; Triphleba Rondani, 1856 [Phoridae]; Xiloteja Rondani, 1863 [Syrphidae]. The following names are new synonymies of their respective senior synonyms: Genus-group names—Acanthipodus Bigot, 1890 of Poecilobothrus Mik, 1878, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Acanthiptera Rondani, 1877 of Achanthiptera Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Achantiptera Schiner, 1864 of Achanthiptera Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Acydia Rondani, 1870 of Acidia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Acyura Rondani, 1863 of Aciura Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Agaromyia Marschall, 1873 of Agaromya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Ammomyia Mik, 1883 of Leucophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Anomoja Rondani, 1871 of Anomoia Walker, 1835, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Anthracomyia Rondani, 1868 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Antracomya Lioy, 1864 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Anthoeca Bezzi, 1906 of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Antomyza Rondani, 1866 of Anthomyza Fallén, 1810, n. syn. [Anthomyzidae]; Antracia Rondani, 1862 of Nyctia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Aporomyia Schiner, 1861 of Lypha Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Asphondilia Rondani, 1861 of Asphondylia Loew, 1850, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Asteja Rondani, 1856 of Asteia Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Asteiidae]; Astenia Rondani, 1856 of Blepharicera Macquart, 1843, n. syn. [Blephariceridae]; Astilium Costa, 1866 of Senobasis Macquart, 1838, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Ateleneura Agassiz, 1846 of Atelenevra Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Pipunculidae]; Athomogaster Rondani, 1866 of Azelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Axista Rondani, 1856 of Axysta Haliday, 1839, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Bigonichaeta Schiner, 1864 of Triarthria Stephens, 1829, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Billea Rondani, 1862 of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Biomyia Schiner, 1868 of Biomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Bombilius Dufour, 1833 of Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Bombylosoma Loew, 1862 of Bombylisoma Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Brachipalpus Rondani, 1845 of Brachypalpus Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Brachipalpus Rondani, 1863 of Palpibracus Rondani, 1863, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Brachistoma Rondani, 1856 of Brachystoma Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Brachystomatidae]; Brachychaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Brachicheta Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Brachyglossum Bigot, 1858 of Leopoldius Rondani, 1843, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Brachyneura Oken, 1844 of Brachineura Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Caelomya Rondani, 1866 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Caelomyia Rondani, 1877 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Caenosia Westwood, 1840 of Coenosia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Campilomiza Rondani, 1840 of Campylomyza Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Campylochaeta Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Caricoea Rondani, 1856 of Coenosia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Carpomyia Loew, 1862 of Carpomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Cassidemya Rondani, 1861 of Cassidaemyia Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Ceratoxia Costa, 1866 of Otites Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Ceratoxys Rondani, 1861 of Otites Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Chaetogena Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Chetogena Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chamemyia Rondani, 1875 of Chamaemyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Chamaemyiidae]; Chaetoptilia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Chetoptilia Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chatolyga Bigot, 1892 of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chersodromya Rondani, 1856 of Chersodromia Haliday, 1851, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Chetilya Rondani, 1861 of Chetina Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chilopogon Bezzi, 1902 of Dasypogon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Chiromya Agassiz, 1846 of Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Chyromyidae]; Chlorisoma Rondani, 1861 of Microchrysa Loew, 1855, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Chorthophila Rondani, 1856 of Phorbia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Chortofila Rondani, 1843 of Phorbia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Chriorhyna Rondani, 1845 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrisogaster Rondani, 1868 of Chrysogaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chryorhina Rondani, 1856 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chryorhyna Rondani, 1857 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrysoclamys Rondani, 1856 of Ferdinandea Rondani, 1844, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Chrysomya Rondani, 1856 of Microchrysa Loew, 1855, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Chrysopila Rondani, 1844 of Chrysopilus Macquart, 1826, n. syn. [Rhagionidae]; Chyrosia Rondani, 1866 of Chirosia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Clytiomyia Rondani, 1862 of Clytiomya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Conopoejus Bigot, 1892 of Conops Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Criorhyna Rondani, 1865 of Criorhina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Criptopalpus Rondani, 1863 of Cryptopalpus Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Crysogaster Rondani, 1865 of Chrysogaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Crysops Rondani, 1844 of Chrysops Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Cyrthoneura Rondani, 1863 of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Cyrthoplaeba Rondani, 1857 of Cyrtophloeba Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Cyrthosia Rondani, 1863 of Cyrtosia Perris, 1839, n. syn. [Mythicomyiidae]; Cystogaster Walker, 1856 of Cistogaster Latreille, 1829, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Cyterea Rondani, 1856 of Cytherea Fabricius, 1794, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Dactyliscus Bigot, 1857 of Habropogon Loew, 1847, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Dasiphora Rondani, 1856 of Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Dasipogon Dufour, 1833 of Dasypogon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Dasyneura Oken, 1844 of Dasineura Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Dexiomorpha Mik, 1887 of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Dichaetophora Becker, 1905 of Dichetophora Rondani, 1868, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Dicheta Rondani, 1856 of Dichaeta Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Dictia Rondani, 1856 of Dictya Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Dionea Rondani, 1861 of Dionaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ditricha Rondani, 1871 of Dithryca Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Dolicopeza Rondani, 1856 of Dolichopeza Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Doricera Rondani, 1856 of Dorycera Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Drimeia Rondani, 1877 of Drymeia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Drimeja Rondani, 1856 of Drymeia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Driomyza Rondani, 1844 of Dryomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Driope Rondani, 1868 of Dryope Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Dryomiza Rondani, 1869 of Dryomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Dryomyzidae]; Dynera Rondani, 1861 of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Dytricha Rondani, 1870 of Dithryca Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Elachysoma Rye, 1881 of Elachisoma Rondani, 1880, n. syn. [Sphaeroceridae]; Elaeophila Marschall, 1873 of Eloeophila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Emerodromya Rondani, 1856 of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Engyzops Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Eggisops Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Entomybia Rondani, 1879 of Braula Nitzsch, 1818, n. syn. [Braulidae]; Epidesmya Rondani, 1861 of Acidia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Erinnia Rondani, 1856 of Erynnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Eristalomyia Kittel & Kreichbaumer, 1872 of Eristalomya Rondani, 1857, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Esteria Rondani, 1862 of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Exatoma Rondani, 1856 of Hexatoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Exochila Mik, 1885 of Hammerschmidtia Schummel, 1834, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Fisceria Rondani, 1856 of Fischeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gedia Rondani, 1856 of Gaedia Meigen, 1838, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gimnocheta Rondani, 1859 of Gymnocheta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gimnosoma Rondani, 1862 of Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Gonirhinchus Lioy, 1864 of Myopa Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Gonirhynchus Marschall, 1873 of Myopa Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Gononeura Oldenberg, 1904 of Gonioneura Rondani, 1880, n. syn. [Sphaeroceridae]; Graphomia Rondani, 1862 of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Gymnopha Rondani, 1856 of Mosillus Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Hammobates Rondani, 1857 of Tachytrechus Haliday, 1851, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Harrysia Rondani, 1865 of Lydina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hemathobia Rondani, 1862 of Haematobia Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Hemerodromya Rondani, 1856 of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Heryngia Rondani, 1857 of Heringia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Hidropota Lioy, 1864 of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Hipostena Rondani, 1861 of Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hirmophloeba Marschall, 1873 of Hyrmophlaeba Rondani, 1863, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Histricia Rondani, 1863 of Hystricia Macquart, 1843, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hoemotobia Rondani, 1856 of Haematobia Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Homalomya Rondani, 1866 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Homalostoma Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Hoplisa Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Oplisa Rondani, 1862, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Hydrothaea Rondani, 1856 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Hylara Rondani, 1856 of Hilara Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Hyrmoneura Rondani, 1863 of Hirmoneura Meigen, 1820, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Ilisomyia Osten Sacken, 1869 of Ormosia Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Istochaeta Marschall, 1873 of Istocheta Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lamnea Rondani, 1861 of Erioptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Lasiophthicus Rondani, 1856 of Scaeva Fabricius, 1805, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Lestremya Rondani, 1856 of Lestremia Macquart, 1826, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Lidella De Galdo, 1856 of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lomacantha Lioy, 1864 of Lomachantha Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Lomachanta Schiner, 1864 of Lomachantha Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Loncoptera Rondani, 1856 of Lonchoptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Lonchopteridae]; Lymnophora Blanchard, 1845 of Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Macherium Rondani, 1856 of Machaerium Haliday, 1832, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Macrochaetum Bezzi, 1894 of Elachiptera Macquart, 1825, n. syn. [Chloropidae]; Macrochoetum Bezzi, 1892 of Elachiptera Macquart, 1825, n. syn. [Chloropidae]; Macroneura Rondani, 1856 of Diadocidia Ruthe, 1831, n. syn. [Diadocidiidae]; Marshamya Rondani, 1850 of Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Marsilia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Megachetum Rondani, 1856 of Dasyna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Psilidae]; Megaloglossa Bezzi, 1907 of Platystoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Platystomatidae]; Megera Rondani, 1859 of Senotainia Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Melanomyia Rondani, 1868 of Melanomya Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Melizoneura Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Melisoneura Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Mesomelaena Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Mesomelena Rondani, 1859, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Micetina Rondani, 1861 of Mycetophila Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Micetobia Rondani, 1861 of Mycetobia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Anisopodidae]; Micromyia Oken, 1844 of Micromya Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Miennis Rondani, 1869 of Myennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Miopina Rondani, 1866 of Myopina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Anthomyiidae]; Morjnia Rondani, 1862 of Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Morphomyia Rondani, 1862 of Stomina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myatropa Rondani, 1857 of Myathropa Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Mycetomiza Rondani, 1861 of Mycosia Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Myiantha Rondani, 1877 of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Fanniidae]; Myiathropa Rondani, 1868 of Myathropa Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Myiocera Rondani, 1868 of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myiolepta Rondani, 1868 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Myiospila Rondani, 1868 of Myospila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Myltogramma Rondani, 1868 of Miltogramma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Myntho Rondani, 1845 of Mintho Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Myospyla Rondani, 1862 of Myospila Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Napoea Rondani, 1856 of Parydra Stenhammar, 1844, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Neera Rondani, 1861 of Neaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Nemestrina Blanchard, 1845 of Nemestrinus Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Nemorea Macquart, 1834 of Nemoraea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Nevrolyga Agassiz, 1846 of Neurolyga Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Nictia Rondani, 1862 of Nyctia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Noteromyia Marschall, 1873 of Camilla Haliday, 1838, n. syn. [Camillidae]; Ociptera Rondani, 1862 of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Onodonta Rondani, 1866 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Opegiocera Rondani, 1845 of Ancylorhynchus Berthold, 1827, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Ophira Rondani, 1844 of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Ornithoeca Kirby, 1880 of Ornithoica Rondani, 1878, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Ornithomyia Macquart, 1835 of Ornithomya Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Orthochile Blanchard, 1845 of Ortochile Latreille, 1809, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Oxicera Rondani, 1856 of Oxycera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Oxina Rondani, 1856 of Oxyna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Ozyrhinchus Rondani, 1861 of Ozirhincus Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Oxyrhyncus Rondani, 1856 of Ozirhincus Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Pachigaster Rondani, 1856 of Pachygaster Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Pachimeria Rondani, 1856 of Pachymeria Stephens, 1829, n. syn. [Empididae]; Pachipalpus Rondani, 1856 of Cordyla Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Pachirhyna Rondani, 1845 of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Pachirina Rondani, 1840 of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Pachistomus Rondani, 1856 of Xylophagus Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Xylophagidae]; Pangonia Macquart, 1834 of Pangonius Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Pentetria Rondani, 1856 of Penthetria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bibionidae]; Perichaeta Herting, 1984 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Perichoeta Bezzi, 1894 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phalacromyia Costa, 1866 of Copestylum Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Phicodromia Rondani, 1866 of Malacomyia Westwood, 1840, n. syn. [Coelopidae]; Phillophaga Lioy, 1864 of Asphondylia Loew, 1850, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phito Rondani, 1861 of Phyto Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Phitomyptera Lioy, 1864 of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phitophaga Lioy, 1864 of Cecidomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phloebotomus Rondani, 1856 of Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté, 1840, n. syn. [Psychodidae]; Phorichaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phrino Rondani, 1861 of Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phrixe Rondani, 1862 of Phryxe Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Phthyria Rondani, 1856 of Phthiria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Phtyria Rondani, 1863 of Phthiria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Phyllodromya Rondani, 1856 of Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837, n. syn. [Empididae]; Phytofaga Rondani, 1843 of Cecidomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Phytomyzoptera Bezzi, 1906 of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Platiparea Rondani, 1870 of Platyparea Loew, 1862, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Platistoma Lioy, 1864 of Platystoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Platystomatidae]; Platychyra Rondani, 1859 of Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Platynochetus Rondani, 1845 of Platynochaetus Wiedemann, 1830, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Polychaeta Schiner, 1868 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Polycheta Schiner, 1861 of Policheta Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Porrhocondyla Agassiz, 1846 of Porricondyla Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Porrycondyla Walker, 1874 of Porricondyla Rondani, 1840, n. syn. [Cecidomyiidae]; Prosopaea Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 of Prosopea Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Psicoda Rondani, 1840 of Psychoda Latreille, 1797, n. syn. [Psychodidae]; Psylopus Rondani, 1850 of Sciapus Zeller, 1842, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Pteropectria Rondani, 1869 of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Pterospylus Bigot, 1857 of Syneches Walker, 1852, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Pticoptera Rondani, 1856 of Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Ptychopteridae]; Ptilocheta Rondani, 1857 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptilochoeta Bezzi, 1894 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptylocera Rondani, 1861 of Zeuxia Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ptylops Rondani, 1859 of Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Pyragrura Rondani, 1861 of Labigastera Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Pyrrhosia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ragio Scopoli, 1777 of Rhagio Fabricius, 1775, n. syn. [Rhagionidae]; Raimondia Rondani, 1879 of Raymondia Frauenfeld, 1855, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Ramphina Rondani, 1856 of Rhamphina Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ramphomya Rondani, 1845 of Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Empididae]; Raphium Latreille, 1829 of Rhaphium Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Rhynchomyia Macquart, 1835 of Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Rhyncosia Rondani, 1861 of Aphria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Rhynophora Rondani, 1861 of Rhinophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae]; Riphus Rondani, 1845 of Rhyphus Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Anisopodidae]; Ripidia Rondani, 1856 of Rhipidia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Sarcopaga Rondani, 1856 of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Scatomiza Rondani, 1866 of Scathophaga Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Scathophagidae]; Schaenomyza Rondani, 1866 of Schoenomyza Haliday, 1833, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Sciomiza Rondani, 1856 of Sciomyza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Sciopila Rondani, 1856 of Sciophila Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Serromya Rondani, 1856 of Serromyia Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Ceratopogonidae]; Seseromyia Costa, 1866 of Cosmina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Sibistroma Rondani, 1856 of Sybistroma Meigen, 1824, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Simplecta Rondani, 1856 of Symplecta Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Sinapha Rondani, 1856 of Synapha Meigen, 1818, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Siritta Rondani, 1844 of Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Somatolia Bezzi & Stein, 1907 of Lydina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Somomia Rondani, 1862 of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Somomyia Rondani, 1868 of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Sphixaea Rondani, 1856 of Milesia Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Sphyxaea Rondani, 1856 of Milesia Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Sphyxapata Bigot, 1881 of Senotainia Macquart, 1846, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Sphyximorpha Rondani, 1856 of Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spilomya Rondani, 1857 of Spilomyia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spiximorpha Rondani, 1857 of Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Spixosoma Rondani, 1857 of Conops Linnaeus, 1758, n. syn. [Conopidae]; Spylographa Rondani, 1871 of Trypeta Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Stenopterix Millet de la Turtaudière, 1849 of Craterina Olfers, 1816, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Stomorhyna Rondani, 1862 of Stomorhina Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Stomoxis Latreille, 1797 of Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Syphona Rondani, 1844 of Siphona Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Tachidromya Rondani, 1856 of Tachydromia Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Tachipeza Rondani, 1856 of Tachypeza Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Tanipeza Rondani, 1850 of Tanypeza Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Tanypezidae]; Teicomyza Rondani, 1856 of Teichomyza Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Ephydridae]; Telaira Rondani, 1862 of Thelaira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Teremya Rondani, 1875 of Lonchaea Fallén, 1820, n. syn. [Lonchaeidae]; Thecomya Rondani, 1848 of Thecomyia Perty, 1833, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Thlypsigaster Marschall, 1873 of Amictus Wiedemann, 1817, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Thlypsomyza Rondani, 1863 of Amictus Wiedemann, 1817, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Thrichogena Bezzi, 1894 of Loewia Egger, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Thricogena Rondani, 1859 of Loewia Egger, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Thricophticus Rondani, 1866 of Thricops Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Thriptocheta Lioy, 1864 of Campichoeta Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Diastatidae]; Thryptochoeta Bezzi, 1891 of Campichoeta Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Diastatidae]; Thyreodonta Marschall, 1873 of Stratiomys Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Stratiomyidae]; Toxopora Rondani, 1856 of Toxophora Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bombyliidae]; Tricholiga Rondani, 1873 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Trichophticus Rondani, 1871 of Thricops Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Tricocera Rondani, 1856 of Trichocera Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Trichoceridae]; Tricolyga Schiner, 1861 of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Trigliphus Rondani, 1856 of Triglyphus Loew, 1840, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Tripeta Rondani, 1856 of Trypeta Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tephritidae]; Triphera Rondani, 1861 of Tryphera Meigen, 1838, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Triptocera Lioy, 1864 of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Tryptocera Macquart, 1844 of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Uromya Rondani, 1856 of Phania Meigen, 1824, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Winthemya Rondani, 1859 of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Xiloteja Rondani, 1863 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Xylomyia Marschall, 1873 of Xylomya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Xylomyidae]; Xyloteja Rondani, 1856 of Myolepta Newman, 1838, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Xyphidicera Rondani, 1845 of Xiphidicera Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Hybotidae]; Xyphocera Rondani, 1845 of Ancylorhynchus Berthold, 1827, n. syn. [Asilidae]; Zigoneura Rondani, 1840 of Zygoneura Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Sciaridae]; Zophomya Rondani, 1859 of Zophomyia Macquart, 1835, n. syn. [Tachinidae]. Species-group name—Psalida leucostoma Rondani, 1856 of Ocyptera simplex Fallén, 1815, n. syn. [Tachinidae]. Mycosia Rondani, 1861 is treated here as nomen dubium [Mycetophilidae]; Habropogon heteroneurus Timon-David, 1951 is resurrected from junior synonymy with Asilus striatus Fabricius, 1794, new stat. [Asilidae]. Reversal of precedence is invoked for three cases of subjective synonymy to promote stability in nomenclature: Macquartia monticola Egger, 1856, nomen protectum and Proboscina longipes Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Tachinidae]; Loewia Egger, 1856, nomen protectum and Thrychogena Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Tachinidae]; Zygomyia Winnertz, 1863, nomen protectum and Bolithomyza Rondani, 1856, nomen oblitum [in Mycetophilidae].

Among the twenty-one preserved letters from Janáček to Beran, written during 1890 and 1928 in Czech, eight of Janáček’s letters and eight of Janáček’s postcards have been preserved, in addition to five official letters written during Beran’s pedagogical work at the Organ School in Brno. Among twenty-one of Beran’s letters to Janáček, written during 1914 and 1928 also in Czech, we can find eight of Beran’s letters and thirteen of Beran’s postcards, where in three of them, the place or time are not exactly given.

Izabela Maria z Lubomirskich Sanguszkowa była córką Henryka Lubomirskiego (1777–1850) i Teresy z Czartoryskich (1785–1868). Jej ojciec – wychowany przez daleką zamożną krewną Elżbietę z Czartoryskich Lubomirską (1736–1816), jedną z największych patronek sztuki na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku – znany był za swojego szczególnego zamiłowania do muzyki. Zainteresowanie sprawami muzycznymi, a szczególnie operą, Henryk przekazał córce. Izabela świetnie śpiewała (w Wiedniu pobierała nauk u włoskich mistrzów – słynnego barytona Antonio Tamburiniego (1800–76), a następnie u kompozytora Stefano Pavesi (1779–1850)) i grała na fortepianie. W listach do ojca często komentowała bieżące wydarzenia muzyczne, a w oficynach wydawniczych Wiednia, Paryża, Mediolanu kupowała fragmenty wysłuchanych dzieł (głównie) operowych w opracowaniu na głos i fortepian czy też na cztery ręce. Ślady tych nabytków widać w zachowanych do dziś muzykaliach należących ongiś do Izabeli – w zbiorach Narodowego Zakładu im. Ossolińskich (zbiory sprzed zamążpójścia) i, nieznane do tej pory badaczom, Miejskiej Bibliotece Publicznej w Tarnowie (zbiory Izabeli, jej męża i dzieci). W Przeworsku, w którym Izabela dorastała, miała do dyspozycji przebogatą bibliotekę muzyczną, liczącą blisko 1400 pozycji, inwentarzem której obecnie dysponujemy. Po zamążpójściu nie zaprzestała muzykowania, prowadząc, zachowany do dziś, dzienniczek, zawierający w znacznej części nieznane 32 kompozycje, gromadząc muzykalia, dbając o wykształcenie muzyczne dzieci, wspierając twórczość kompozytorów. Kreowana przez Izabelę aktywność muzyczno-artystyczna w Krakowie i Gumniskach jest istotnym uzupełnieniem obrazu kultury muzycznej XIX-wiecznej Rzeczpospolitej.

"“Maestri muratori” and Transylvanian builders, within the architectural program of the “Greek Catholic Episcopate Gherla” between 1853 and 1918. In the second half of the 19th century, in Transylvania there was a demand for specialized labor, on construction sites such as the construction of railways, the construction of roads and bridges for which Italians came from areas with a recognized constructive tradition, such as those in the Trentino area, are encouraged and supported by the Austrian administration to emigrate. The Italian emigrants in Transylvania, mostly working in the field of construction, were a community poor in resources, but rich in human resources and entrepreneurship. In the alternative, these Italian builders, “master builders”, permanently established in Transylvania will contract smaller construction sites, proposals of wealthier rural parish communities, the case of former border villages able to financially support more elaborate constructions, morpho-stylistically and decoratively, regulated under the umbrella of the same imperial restrictions under which it was built in all Austrian provinces of the period. In the absence of relevant archival data on the paternity of the buildings discussed here, the priority tool of this study to identify the collaboration of Italian “master builders” is the stylistic investigation based on the certainty of their presence in the context of three church buildings related to the reference period: from Cășeiu, built by Antonio Baizero from Udine, the Roman Catholic church from Ileanda, built by Italian emigrants to serve their religious service and the church from Livada (Dengeleag), built by Lorenzo Zottich, possibly belonging to a second generation of emigrant builders Italians in Transylvania. All these constructions have common stylistic features, integrated into one of the three representative categories, identified within the “Greek Catholic Episcopate of Gherla”, namely the most elaborate architectural model agreed by the Austrian authorities: rural churches with a single tower on the facade, tower with a neoclassical baroque-inspired profiling that also involves the most complex local level of labor of the moment. In the context of the lack of relevant archival data on the constructive paternity in most of these buildings, the identification of the presence and participation of Italian builders on construction sites within the “Greek Catholic Diocese of Gherla” uses as main study tool, stylistic analysis of monuments, which results in the launch of hypotheses meant to be validated in the future through applied studies by the archive. Morpho-constructive characteristics similar to the churches in Cășeiu, Ileanda, Livada (Dengeleag) crowned by the presence of the neo-baroque tower, the corrugated cornice that integrates decorative clocks, with a high level of difficulty in terms of construction, indicate a possible presence of Italian emigrant builders: Orman, Cluj County (1865-1867), Livada - Dindeleag, Cluj County (1868), Buciumi, Sălaj County (1872), Rus, Sălaj County (1890-1894), Poieni, Cluj County (1892), Apahida (1892), Borșa (1900), Dobricul Mare, Bistrița Năsăud county (1902), Sâncraiu Almașului, Sălaj county (1902), Agrieș, Bistrița Năsăud county (1905-1906), Șieu Cristur (1906), Bistrița Năsăud county, Lunca Ilvei (1906-1910), Bistrița Năsăud county, Chizeni (1910), Bistrița Năsăud county, Urișor (inc. 1910), Cluj county, Rohia, Maramureș county (1911), Church from Sașa (1907-1911), Alba county, Diviciorii Mici, Cluj county, (1912), Surduc, Sălaj county (1913), Câțcău, Cluj county (1914). However, the final demonstration remains to be validated following documented related archival studies. Keywords: Italian emigrants, Greek catholic architecture, “Greek Catholic Episcopate Gherla”, Greek catholic church from Cășeiu, Italian Roman catholic church in Ileanda, Greek catholic church from Livada (Dengeleag), Lorenzo Zottich, Antonio Baizero da Udine "

The classification of Microhoriini Bonadona, 1974 is revised. Five genera are recognized: Aulacoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Falsophilus Kejval, 2015, Liparoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877, and Neocrohoria Telnov, 2019. (i) New species: Microhoria almukalla Kejval, sp. nov. (Yemen), M. anahita Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. antalya Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. bacillisternum Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. cervi Kejval, sp. nov. (Oman), M. fergana Kejval, sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan), M. garavuti Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. gibbipennis Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. halophila Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. hazara Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. heracleana Kejval, sp. nov. (Greece), M. impavida Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. kabulensis Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. kermanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. pahlavi Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. persica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. strejceki Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. sawda Kejval, sp. nov. (Saudi Arabia), and M. sulaimanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Pakistan, Uzbekistan). (ii) New synonymies: Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 = Clavicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov. = Tenuicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov.; Microhoria depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus mollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1875 syn. nov.; Microhoria edmondi (Pic, 1893) = Anthicus spinosus Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Microhoria globipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus globipennis quercicola Sahlberg, 1913 syn. nov.; Microhoria luristanica (Pic, 1911) = Anthicus pietschmi Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Microhoria ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus merkli Pic, 1897 syn. nov.; Microhoria pinicola (Reitter, 1889) = Microhoria feroni Bonadona, 1960 syn. nov.; Microhoria posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) = Anthicus fumeoalatus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931 syn. nov.; Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus mouzafferi Pic, 1910 syn. nov. (iii) Status changes. Anthicus tauricus var. inobscura Pic, 1908 is raised to species level as Microhoria inobscura (Pic, 1908) stat. nov.; Anthicus truncatus var. decoloratus Pic, 1897 is removed from synonymy with Anthicus truncatus Pic, 1895 and raised to species level as Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) stat. restit. (iv) New combinations: Microhoria disconotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fossicollis (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. gestroi (Pic, 1895) comb. nov., M. irregularis (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. lividipes (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) comb. nov., M. marginicollis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. nystii (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. schimperi (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semiviridis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. strandi (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., and M. yemenita (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., all from Anthicus Paykull, 1798. Microhoria abscondita (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. adusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. afghana (Telnov, 2010) comb. nov., M. almorae (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ambusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. angulifer (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. anomala (Telnov, 1998) comb. nov., M. antinorii (Pic, 1894) comb. nov., M. apicordiger (Bonadona, 1954) comb. nov., M. aquatilis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. assamensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. assequens (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. atrata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. austriaca (Pic, 1901) comb. nov., M. bicarinifrons (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. biguttata (Bonadona, 1964) comb. nov., M. brevipilis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. bruckii (Kiesenwetter, 1870) comb. nov., M. brunneipes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. caeruleicolor (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. callima (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. comes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. cordata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. curticeps (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. dichrous (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. doderoi (Pic, 1902) comb. nov., M. erythraea (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. erythrodera (Marseul, 1878) comb. nov., M. feai (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fugax (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. fugiens (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. garze (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. gigas (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. gravida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. harmandi (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. hauseri (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. henoni (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. heydeni (Marseul, 1879) comb. nov., M. himalayana (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. hummeli (Pic, 1933) comb. nov., M. immaculipennis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. inabsoluta (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. indeprensa (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. kabyliana (Pic, 1896) comb. nov., M. kejvali (Telnov, 1999) comb. nov., M. kham (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. kocheri (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. kuluensis (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. lepidula (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. longiceps (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. longicornis (Uhmann, 1983) comb. nov., M. manifesta (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. martinezi (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. muguensis (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigrocyanella (Marseul, 1877) comb. nov., M. nigrofusca (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigroterminata (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. notatipennis (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1868) comb. nov., M. optabilis LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. paganettii (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. phungi (Pic, 1926) comb. nov., M. picea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. plagiostola (Bonadona, 1958) comb. nov., M. plicatipennis (Pic, 1936) comb. nov., M. posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. postimpressa (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. postluteofasciata (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. prolatithorax (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. proterva (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ragusae (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semidepressa (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. separatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. shibatai (Nomura, 1962) comb. nov., M. schrammi Pic, 1913) comb. nov., M. sikkimensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. sinensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. spinipennis (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. sporadica (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. striaticollis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. subpicea (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. tersa (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. tonkinensis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. truncatella (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. turgida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. uhagoni (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. uniformis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. variabilis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. weigeli (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. versicolor (Kiesenwetter, 1866) comb. nov., M. wuyishanensis (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., and Nitorus niger (Uhmann, 1996) comb. nov., all from Clavicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria agriliformis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. alfierii (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. angelinii (Degiovanni, 2012) comb. nov., M. babaulti (Pic, 1921) comb. nov., M. barnevillei (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. armeniaca (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. bonnairii (Fairmaire, 1883) comb. nov., M. cyanipennis (Grilat, 1886) comb. nov., M. depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. dolichocephala (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. duplex (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., M. edmondi (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. escalerai (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. finalis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. fuscomaculata (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. insignita (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. luristanica (Pic, 1911) comb. nov., M. meloiformis (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. mesopotamica (Pic, 1912) comb. nov., M. ocreata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. olivacea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. pallicra (Dufour, 1849) comb. nov., M. paralleliceps (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. paupercula (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. platiai (Degiovanni, 2000) comb. nov., M. siccensis (Normand, 1950) comb. nov., M. subaerea (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. subcaerulea (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. subsericea (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. tarifana (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. tibialis (Waltl, 1835) comb. nov., M. velox (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. viridipennis (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., and M. viturati (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., all from Tenuicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. and M. truncata (Pic, 1895) comb. nov. from Stricticomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. from Anthelephila Hope, 1833. (v) Lectotype designations. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Anthicus depressus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, A. edmondi Pic, 1893, A. luristanicus Pic, 1911, A. merkli Pic, 1897, A. mouzafferi Pic, 1910, A. pietschmi Pic, 1938, A. pinicola Reitter, 1889, A. posthumus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931, and A. spinosus Pic, 1912.

Bohemia and Moravia were sending their musically talented sons into the world for nearly three hundred years thereby earning the title of Europe's conservatorium. A wave of Czech musicians also reached Slovenia in the second half of the 19th century, where they decisively contributed to the growth of the young Slovene musical culture as composers, music performers and music pedagogues and thereby, to the passage from the musically-inspired dilettantism into a gradual high quality and quantity increase in the musical work in Slovenia. One of the latter is certainly Emerik Beran, who maintained close and friendly contacts with his former professor at the Brno Organ School, Leoš Janáček, through letters of correspondence of a private nature, even after moving from his birth town Brno in Moravia to Maribor in Slovenia in 1898. The correspondence between Janáček and Beran gives us valuable insight into their musical ambitions, relations to other colleagues, the functioning of musical institutions and the cultural and political climate of those times. Janáček and Beran maintained very good relations throughout their letter-exchange period (from 1890 to 1928) and their correspondence provides evidence of several instances of mutual generosity as they helped each other in their careers.

Nach dem Umzug der Universität nach Pest im Jahre 1784 es meldete sich als eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben, die eine Lösung verlangte, dass ein entsprechendes Gebäude zur Verfügung gestellt werde. In den Anfangsjahren wurde die Medizinische Fakultät in einem ganz anderen Gebäude, nämlich in einem Kloster untergebracht, das an der Ecke der damaligen Hatvani und Újvilág Straße stand. Mit der Zeit versuchte man das Problem der mangelnden Kapazitäten durch Benützung von Gebäuden, die nicht dem Zweck entsprachen, zu lösen. Die Fakultät formulierte schon 1848 ihre Ansichten, und vertrat die Meinung, dass mit neuen Bauarbeiten das Problem wohl zu lösen wäre. Eine prinzipielle Einwendung seitens der Regierung fand nicht statt, aber der Mangel an Finanzen und die sich einstellenden revolutionären Ereignisse verhinderten die Verwirklichung der Pläne. Eine günstige Änderung war nur nach dem Ausgleich 1867 möglich. Den Anspruch auf Entwicklung hat die Fakultät schon seit Ende 1850 an der Tagesordnung des königlichen Statthalterrates gehalten. Endlich, der 1868 aufgestellte Landesrat für Sozialmedizin legte das Ansuchen der Landesverwaltung vor. Der Kultusminister József Eötvös stellte sich für die Initiative, und so konnten die Räumlichkeiten der Ärzteausbildung, zugleich auch das ganze gesundheitliche Versorgungssystem des Landes ausgebaut bzw. modernisiert werden. Zuerst baute man nach den Plänen des Architekten Ferenc Kolbenheyer die I. Chirurgische Klinik auf, die ihre Tore 1877 eröffnete. Gleichzeitig wurde das Gebäude für Physiologie in der Esterházy (jetzt Puskin) Straße, in den Anlagen, später als Trefort-Garten genannt, herausgebildet. Im September 1880 ist das Zwillings-Gebäude der Chirurgischen Klinik übergeben worden, das als Internistische Klinik Frigyes Korányi Nr. II. benannt war, und auf der nördlichen Seite der Anlagen der Üllői Straße stand. Über den permanenten Ausbau der ärztlichen Gebäuden der Budapester Medizinischen Universität, über die Fortsetzung der Investition, und über die Aufbringung der Finanzen hat ein extra Gesetz die Rechnung getragen (1881:XX.tc. /IV.l2). An der Seite der Szentkirályi Straße der ganzen Anlage sind auch Arbeiten unternommen worden, wo die I. Internistische Klinik unter dem Namen János Wagner herausgebildet wurde. Auf der weiteren, gegenüber dem Botanischen Garten liegenden Seite der Üllői Straße wurde das Institut der Gerichtsmedizin gestellt, unter der Leitung Sándor Ajtai Kovács, der seine Vorstellungen zur Geltung bringen konnte, und dessen Pläne vom Architekten Alajos Hauszmann entwickelt wurden. Die Eröffnung des Instituts folgte 1890. Der Ausbau der inneren Anlagen der Baross Straße begann am Ende 1894 mit der Gynäkologischen Klinik Nr. I. Im April zog selbst der Lehrstuhl um. Die zukünftige zweite klinische Anlage war nach den ursprünglichen Vorstellungen auf dem Grundstück der damals noch funktionierenden Tabakfabrik geplant, das insgesamt 6 Joch ausmachte, - und zog sich von der Üllői Straße bis zur Soroksári (heute Ráday) Straße hinunter. Hier sollten auch die „klinischen Ersatzabteilungen“ im Pavillonsystem stehen, die eine insgesamt 700 Betten-Kapazität aufwiesen. Der volle Kostenaufwand mit den Enteignungen hätte ungefähr 5 Millionen Forint betragen. Am 1. Januar 1904 bekam die Universität das Gebäude Nr. 7-9. der Straße Rákos (heute Endre Hőgyes), wo neben dem Krankenhaus des Pasteur Instituts mit seinen 100 Betten noch das Institut für Allgemeine Experimente und Pathologie bzw. das Bakteriologische Institut eine Aufnahme fand. Die Entwicklungspläne haben sich besonders am nähernden Ende des Programms beschleunigt. 1908 wurde das letzte Bauwerk der inneren Anlage, die Augenklinik Nr. I. in der Mária Straße fertig, die eine gemeinsame Arbeit von Floris Korb und Kálmán Giergl war. In genau zwei Jahren, November 1908, baute man nach den Vorstellungen des Professors Ernő Emil Moravcsik die 100 Betten starke Klinik für Geisteskranken auf, die ebenfalls nach den Plänen von Korb und Giergl verwirklicht wurde. 1910 ist auch der Aufbau der Internistischen Klinik Nr. II. und der Bau der Urologischen Klinik wie wir es heute sehen fertig geworden.1909 ist auf der äußeren Anlage das neue, viel größer angelegte Gebäude der Chirurgie Nr. I. fertig geworden ebenfalls nach den Plänen von Korb und Giergl. Die Räumlichkeiten der ausziehenden Chirurgie bezog die Hautklinik in der Üllői Straße 26. Am 14. Februar 1909 wurde die Stomatologische Klinik in der Mária Straße eröffnet, derer Gebäude sich mit dem berühmten Grund des Jugendromans „Jungs aus der Pál Straße“ gegenüber befand. Das in 39 Jahren verwirklichte Gesamtprogramm bezog 25 Millionen Kronen, (12,5 Millionen Silber-Forint), und als Ergebnis entstand ein in aller Hinsicht modernes, gut ausgebautes Institut für Ärztebildung.

Nach dem Umzug der Universität nach Pest im Jahre 1784 meldete sich als eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben, die eine Lösung verlangte, dass ein entsprechendes Gebäude zur Verfügung gestellt werde. In den Anfangsjahren wurde die Medizinische Fakultät in einem ganz anderen Gebäude, und zwar in einem Kloster untergebracht, das an der Ecke der damaligen Hatvani und Újvilág Straße stand. Mit der Zeit versuchte man die mangelnde Kapazitäten durch Benützung von Gebäuden, die nicht dem Zweck entsprachen, zu lösen. Die Fakultät formulierte schon 1848 ihre Ansichten, und vertrat die Meinung, dass mit neuen Bauarbeiten das Problem wohl zu lösen wäre. Eine prinzipielle Einwendung seitens der Regierung fand nicht statt, aber der Mangel an Finanzen und die sich einstellenden revolutionären Ereignisse verhinderten die Verwirklichung der Pläne. Eine günstige Änderung war nur nach dem Ausgleich 1867 möglich. Den Anspruch der Entwicklung hat die Fakultät schon seit Ende 1850 an der Tagesordnung des königlichen Statthalterrates gehalten. Der 1868 aufgestellte Landesrat für Sozialmedizin legte das Ansuchen der Landesverwaltung vor. Der Kultusminister József Eötvös stellte sich für diese Initiative, und so konnten die Lokalitäten der Ärzteausbildung, zugleich auch das ganze gesundheitliche Versorgungssystem des Landes ausgebaut bzw. modernisiert werden. Zuerst baute man die I. Chirurgische Klinik nach den Plänen des Architekten Ferenc Kolbenheyer auf, die ihre Tore 1877 eröffnete. Parallel damit wurde auch das Gebäude für Physiologie in der Esterházy (jetzt Puskin) Straße, in den, später als Trefort-Garten genannten Anlagen, herausgebildet. Im September 1880 ist das Zwillings-Gebäude der Chirurgischen Klinik übergeben worden, das als Internistische Klinik Frigyes Korányi Nr. II. benannt war, und auf der nördlichen Seite der Anlagen der Üllői Straße stand. Über den permanenten Ausbau der ärztlichen Gebäuden der Medizinischen Budapester Universität, über die Fortsetzung der Investition, und über die Aufbringung der Finanzen hat ein extra Gesetz die Rechnung getragen (1881:XX.tc. /IV.l2). An der Seite der Szentkirályi Straße der ganzen Anlage sind auch Arbeiten unternommen worden, wo die I. Internistische Klinik unter dem Namen János Wagner herausgebildet wurde. Auf der weiteren, gegenüber dem Botanischen Garten liegenden Seite der Üllői Straße wurde das Institut der Gerichtsmedizin platziert, dessen Leiter Sándor Ajtai Kovács war, der seine Vorstellungen zur Geltung bringen konnte, und dessen Pläne vom Architekten Alajos Hauszmann entwickelt wurden. Die Eröffnung des Instituts folgte 1890. Der Ausbau der inneren Anlagen der Baross Straße begann am Ende 1894 mit der Gynäkologischen Klinik Nr. I. Im April zog auch schon der Lehrstuhl um. Die zukünftige zweite klinische Anlage war nach den ursprünglichen Vorstellungen auf dem Grundstück der Tabakfabrik geplant, - die damals noch existierte, insgesamt 6 Joch ausmachte, - und zog sich von der Üllői Straße bis zur Soroksári (heute Ráday) Straße hinunter. Hier sollten auch die „klinischen Ersatzabteilungen“ im Pavillonsystem stehen, die eine insgesamt 700 Betten-Kapazität aufwiesen. Der volle Kostenaufwand mit den Enteignungen hätte ungefähr 5 Millionen Forint betragen. Am 1. Januar 1904 bekam die Universität das Gebäude der Straße Rákos (heute Endre Hőgyes) Nr. 7-9, wo neben dem Krankenhaus des Pasteur Instituts mit seinen 100 Betten noch das Institut für Allgemeine Experimente und Pathologie bzw. das Bakteriologische Institut eine Aufnahme fand. Die Entwicklungspläne haben sich besonders am nähernden Ende des Programms beschleunigt. 1908 wurde das letzte Bauwerk der inneren Anlage, die Augenklinik Nr. I. in der Mária Straße fertig, die eine gemeinsame Arbeit von Floris Korb und Kálmán Giergl war. In genau zwei Jahren, November 1908, baute man nach den Vorstellungen des Professors Ernő Emil Moravcsik die 100 Betten zählende Klinik für Geisteskranken auf, die ebenfalls auf den Plänen von Korb und Giergl basierte. 1910 ist auch der Aufbau der Internistischen Klinik Nr. II. und der Bau der Urologischen Klinik fertig geworden, wie wir es heute kennen.1909 ist auf der äußeren Anlage das neue, viel größer angelegte Gebäude der Chirurgie Nr. I. fertig geworden ebenfalls nach den Plänen von Korb und Giergl. Die Räumlichkeiten der ausziehenden Chirurgie bezog die Hautklinik in der Üllői Straße 26. Am 14. Februar 1909 wurde die Stomatologische Klinik in der Mária Straße eröffnet, derer Gebäude sich mit dem berühmten Grund des Jugendromans „Jungs aus der Pál Straße“ gegenüber befindet. Das in 39 Jahren verwirklichte Gesamtprogramm bezog 25 Millionen Kronen, (12,5 Millionen Silber-Forint), als Ergebnis entstand ein in aller Hinsicht modernes, gut ausgebautes Institut für Ärztebildung.

A list of Curculionoidea (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryoph-thoridae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae) thus far known from Italy is drawn up, updating that by Abbazzi et al. published in 1995. Distributional data of each species are given for broad regions such as northern, central, southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. New synonymies are: Acentrotypus laevigatus (Kirby, 1808) (= A. brunnipes (Boheman, 1839), syn.nov.), Ceutorhynchus talickyi Korotyaev, 1980 (= C. strejceki Dieckmann, 1981, syn. nov.), Ceutorhynchus pallipes Crotch,1866 (= Curculio minutus Reich, 1797 not Drury, [1773], syn. nov.; = Curculio contractus Marsham, 1802 not Fourcroy, 1785, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus consentaneus (Boheman, 1843) (= D. c. latialis (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. dimorphus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. c. pentricus Di Marco & Osella, 2001, syn. nov.), Dodecastichus dalmatinus (Gyllenhal, 1843) (= D. d. lauri (Stierlin, 1861), syn. nov.), Dodecastichus mastix (Olivier, 1807) (= D. m. perlongus (Solari & Solari, 1915), syn. nov.; = D. m. scabrior (Reitter, 1913), syn. nov.), Dorytomus Germar, 1817 (= D. subgen. Chaetodorytomus Iablokov-Khnzorian, 1970, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Euolamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.; = D. subgen. Olamus Reitter, 1916, syn. nov.), Exapion Bedel, 1887 (= Ulapion Ehret, 1997, syn. nov.), Larinus ursus (Fabricius, 1792) (= L. carinirostris Gyllenhal, 1837, syn. nov.; = L. genei Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.), Lixini Schönherr, 1823 (= Rhinocyllini Lacordaire, 1863, syn. nov.), Metacinops rhinomacer Kraatz, 1862 (= M. calabrus Stierlin, 1892, syn. nov.), Microplontus nigrovittatus (Schultze,1901) (= Ceutorhynchus subfasciatus Chevrolat, 1860 not Schönherr, 1826, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus amicalis cenomanus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. a. lessinicus (Osella, 1983) not O. lessinicus Franz, 1938, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anophthalmoides omeros nom. nov. (= O. a. istriensis (F. Solari, 1955) not Germar, 1824, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus anthracinus (Scopoli, 1763) (= O. calabrus Stierlin, 1880, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus armadillo (Rossi, 1792) (= O. halbherri Stierlin, 1890, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus clibbianus Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. judicariensis (Osella, 1983) not Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus cornicinus Stierlin, 1861 (= Curculio laevigatus Fabricius, 1792 not Paykull, 1792, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus fortis Rosenhauer, 1847 (= O. fortis valarsae Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus nodosus (O. F. Müller, 1764) (= O. nodosus comosellus Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. nodosus gobanzi Gredler, 1868, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus pupillatus Gyllenhal, 1834 (= O. p. angustipennis Stierlin, 1883, syn. nov.; = O. venetus F. Solari, 1947, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus serradae Colonnelli & Magnano, nom. nov. (= O. carinatus (Osella 1983) not (Paykull, 1792), syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus strigirostris Boheman, 1843 (= O. aterrimus : Di Marco & Osella, 2002 not Boheman, 1843, syn. nov.; = O. calvus Fiori, 1899, syn. nov.), O. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) (= O. linearis Stierlin, 1861, syn. nov.), Otiorhynchus tenebricosus (Herbst, 1784) (= O. olivieri Abbazzi & Osella, 1992, syn. nov.), Phrydiuchus augusti Colonnelli, nom. nov. (= Ceuthorrhynchus speiseri Schultze, 1897 not C. speiseri Frivaldszkyi, 1894, syn. nov.), Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 (= P. m. lucanus Solari & Solari, 1903, syn. nov.), Phyllobius pyri (Linné, 1758) (= P. vespertinus (Fabricius, 1792), syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Chaerodrys Jacquelin du Val, [1854] (= P. subgen. Metadrosus Schilsky, 1910, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eudipnus C. G. Thomson, 1859 (= P. subgen. Chrysoyphis Gozis, 1882, syn. nov.; P. subgen. Thomsoneonymus Desbrochers, 1902, syn. nov.), Polydrusus subgen. Eurodrusus Korotyaev & Meleshko, 1997 (= P. subgen. Neoeustolus Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999, syn. nov.), Polydrusus armipes Brullé, 1832 (= P. a. faillae Desbrochers, 1859, syn. nov.), Pseudomyllocerus invreae invreae (F. Solari, 1948) (= Curculio cinerascens Fabricius, 1792 not [Gmelin], 1790], syn. nov. ), Zacladus Reitter, 1916 (= Z. subgen. Amurocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Angarocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Gobicladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.; = Z. subgen. Scythocladus Korotyaev, 1997, syn. nov.). New placements are: Amalini Wagner, 1936 as a tribe from synonymy under Ceutorhynchini; Acentrotypus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aizobius Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Aspidapion Schilsky, 1901, Catapion Schilsky, 1906, Ceratapion Schilsky, 1901, Cistapion Wagner, 1924,Cyanapion Bokor, 1923, Diplapion Reitter, 1916, Eutrichapion Reitter, 1916, Exapion Bedel, 1887, Helianthemapion Wagner, 1930, Hemitrichapion Voss, 1959, Holotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Ischnopterapion Bokor, 1923, Ixapion Roudier & Tempère,1973, Kalcapion Schilsky, 1906, Lepidapion Schilsky, 1906, Melanapion Wagner, 1930, Mesotrichapion Györffy, 1956, Metapion Schilsky, 1906, Omphalapion Schilsky, 1901, Onychapion Schilsky, 1901, Oryxolaemus AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Osellaeus Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990, Perapion Wagner, 1907, Phrissotrichum Schilsky, 1901, Pirapion Reitter, 1916, Protapion Schilsky, 1908, Pseudapion Schilsky, Pseudoperapion Wagner, 1930, Pseudoprotapion Ehret, 1990, Pseudostenapion Wagner, 1930, Rhodapion AlonsoZarazaga, 1990, Squamapion Bokor, 1923, Stenopterapion Bokor, 1923, Synapion Schilsky, 1902, Taeniapion Schilsky, 1906, Trichopterapion Wagner, 1930, all as genera from subgenera of Apion Herbst, 1797; Aspidapion subgen. Koestlinia Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 and Phryssotrichum subgen. Schilskyapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 from synonymy with Apion Herbst, 1797; Phyllobius italicus Solari & Solari, 1903 and Phyllobius reicheidius Desbrochers, 1873, both from subspecies of P. pyri (Linné, 1758); Mogulones aubei (Boheman, 1845) as a valid species from synonymy with M. talbum (Gyllenhal, 1837); Styphlidius italicus Osella, 1981 as species from subspecies of S. corcyreus (Reitter, 1884). Otiorhynchus subgen. Presolanus Pesarini, 2001 is here selected over O. subgen. Pesolanus Pesarini, 2001, alternative original spelling, here rejected. The incorrect original spelling Otiorhynchus nocturnus peetzi Franz, 1938 is emended in O. n. peezi. New combination are: Eremiarhinus (Depresseremiarhinus) dilatatus (Fabricius, 1801), comb. nov.; Eremiarinus (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis (Boheman, 1834) jarrigei (Roudier, 1959); E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis luciae (Ragusa, 1883), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) impressicollis peninsularis (F. Solari, 1940), comb. nov.; E. (Pseudorhinus) laesirostris (Fairmaire, 1859), comb. nov., all resulting from the new placement of Depresseremiarhinus Pic, 1914 and of Pseudorhinus Melichar, 1923 as subgenera of Eremiarhinus Fairmaire, 1876. The subfamilial name Phytonominae Gistel, 1848 is used as valid over Hyperinae Marseul, 1863. Nomenclatural changes published from 1992 to date, and affecting Italian weevils are also listed.

AbstractOnly a few weeks after seeing the Frans Hals portrait of Jaspar Schade in the 1962 exhibition in Haarlem, the author came upon it again in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Waller in Utrecht (Figs. 1 and 2, Note I). He learnt that this particular painting had been in Mr. Waller's family for nearly a century and that it was a copy of the one now in Prague. The story was that the latter had been sold by Mr. Waller's grandfather Beukerfrom his country-house 'Zandbergen', which he had bought in 1865, to his friend P.E.H. Praetorius, on condition that the latter had a copy painted as a replacement. According to a written statement of 1934 by Mr. Waller's mother, the original by Frans Hals had always been at 'Zandbergen' and there was even a legend that the house would fall down, if it were removed. Her father, who was not interested in paintings according to the statement, had sold it to Praetorius at his request. The family had understood, erroneously as it turns out, that Praetorius had sold it on to Cologne and that it had later gone to America. In testing the truth of all this the author discovered first that the house is marked with the name of 'Den Heer Schade' on a map of the Utrecht area by Bernard de Roij published by Nicolaas Visscher in Amsterdam in 1696 (Fig.3, Note 4). The road on which it stands had been projected in 1652, Schade being one of those who acquired a parcel of land along it in return for laying that portion out, planting it and maintaining it and also building a side road on either side of his plot. Part of the agreement also was that he was exempted from paying taxes for 25 years. Schade (1623-,92), a member of a family of considerable standing, held various high offices in the church and province of Utrecht and was a delegate to the States-General in 1672. He was extremely rich and noted for his extravagant lifestyle, particularly as regards clothes (Notes 12-14). His house passed to his eldest son, who in 1701 left it to his brother-in-law Jacob Noirot. Between the latter, who sold it in 1740, and the Beuker family 'Zandbergen' (Fig. 4) had nine different owners. The museum in Prague acquired the portrait of Jaspar Schade in 1890 from Prince Liechtenstein, who had bought it in Paris on 14 March 1881 at the sale of the collection of John W. Wilson, an Englishman then living in Brussels. A. J. van de Ven tried without success to trace its history before that time (Note 18) and this was also unknown to Seymour Slive, although in his catalogue raisonné of Hals' work he mentions that it was shown at an exhibition of Wilson's collection in Brussels in 1873 (Note 20). In an article of the same year on Wilson's collection in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts Charles Tardieu remarked that Wilson had lived in Holland for thirty years and that his residence was obviously in Haarlem, from where the best pictures in his collection came. In his article on the portrait Van de Ven enlarged on the coals of arms on the frame, which were Schade's eight quarterings, but in an arbitrary order. The director of the Prague museum had told him that the frame was a 19th-century one and that the confusion had arisen during its making. A description of the frame in 1875 reveals that the arms were in their correct place then (Note 25), while the frame of the copy has the same arms in the right order, except that the left and right sides are transposed. Thus the present Prague frame must have been made after 1875, while the copy was presumably made and framed at the time the painting left 'Zandbergen'. John W. Wilson (1815-83) was born in Brussels of Thomas Wilsorz, who moved to Haarlem in 1833 and started a cotton factory there. John lived at Hillegom from 1856 to 1868, but after that moved back to Haarlem for a short time up to, but no later than 1870. He must have been very wealthy, as he also bought a lot of land in the area. How he acquired his collection of paintings is not known, as he appears to have kept it quiet until the exhibition of 1873. The catalogue of this covered 164 pictures; 76 of them, painted by 57 different artists, were of the Dutch School. Five pictures, all authentic, were by Frans Hals (Note 29). P.E.H. Praetorius (1791-1876, Fig.5) was a cousin of Beuker's. He moved from Haarlem to Amsterdam in or before 1829 and spent the rest of his life there. He was a broker and banker, an amateur painter and a great connoisseur of paintings, who played a prominent part in art societies in Amsterdam. He was also a member of the Supervisory Committee of the Rijksmuseum from 1844 and Chairman of its Board of Management from 1852 to 1875 (Note 33). His earliest paintings were copies of 17th-century works and he says in an appendix to his memoirs of 1869 that his last five works, done in 1865 and I 866, included a copy of Frans Hals' portrait of Willem van Heythuyzen. While it is clear that Jaspar Schade was the builder of 'Zandbergen', it is odd that the painting is never mentioned in any of the deeds of sale, detailed though these are. This suggests that it was so firmly fixed in its place - in the downstairs corridor over the door to the salon - as to be regarded as part of the fabric of the house. The price paid by Praetorius for the painting is not known, but he bought it at a period when Frans Hals' reputation had shot upwards again, after a long period of decline. This return to favour emerges clearly from Tardieu's comments, from the records of copyists in the Rijksmuseum (Note 37) and, of course, from Wilson's predilection. No evidence can be found of the painting's passing from Praetorius to Wilson, but the two must have known each other. The identity of the painter of the copy is also unknown. Mrs. Waller's statement mentions J. W. Pieneman, but he can be ruled out, as he died in 1853 and his son Nicolaas in 1860. The most likely candidate at the moment would seem to be Praetorius himself.