Статті в журналах з теми "1867-1936"

For the Asian part of Russia 27 species of the bee genus Colletes are recorded. Colletes ravulus Noskiewicz 1936 is recorded for the first time from Russia. Colletes fodiens (Fourcroy 1785), C. similis Schenck 1853, and C. marginatus Smith 1846 are newly recorded from the Asian part of Russia. Colletes kirgisica Radoszkowski 1867 syn. nov. (= Colletes fodiens kirgisicus Radoszkowski 1867) and Colletes fodiens hispanicus Noskiewicz 1936 syn. nov. are recognized as synonyms of Colletes fodiens (Fourcroy 1785). The female of C. ravulus is here described for the first time. Additionally C. edentuloides Kuhlmann sp. nov. is described from neighbouring Mongolia as it hitherto has been thought to be the female of C. ravulus. Illustrated keys to males and females of all species known from the Asian part of Russia are provided.

Batrachedra parvulipunctella Chrétien, 1915 (Batrachedridae), Coleophora jaernaensis Björklund & Palmqvist, 2002, Coleophora caucasica Stainton, 1867, Coleophora solenella Staudinger, 1859, (Coleophoridae), Phyllocnistis valentinensis M. Hering, 1936 (Gracillariidae), and Eucosma tetraplana (Möschler, 1866) (Tortricidae) are recorded from Hungary for the first time.

Celaenorrhinus shema mercedensis, ssp. n. de La Mercede e Rio Colorado, Peru e Cochabamba, Bolívia; Phocides pialia intermedia, ssp. n. de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Corticea diamantina, sp. n. de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Artines tobiasi sp. n. de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Cymaenes albiventris albiventris, sp. n. do Maranhão, Brasil; Cymaenes albiventris capixaba, ssp. n. do Espirito Santo, Brasil; Papias cascatona, sp. n. de Minas Geras, Brasil; Lerema caraca, sp. n. de Minas Gerais e Espirito Santo, Brasil; Vettius ploetzii morretesi, ssp. n. do Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Propapias, gen. n., tipo: Rhinthon proximus Bell, 1934, única espécie incluída. Celaenorrhinus songoensis saroma Evans, 1952, comb. n.; Celaenorrhinus songoensis tonio Evans, 1952, comb. n. Lerema duroca duroca (Ploetz, 1883), comb. n. e sp. rev. Lerema duroca lenta Evans, 1955, stat. n. Eumesia eburones inornata (Bell, 1937), comb. n. e stat. n., Eprius veleda obrepta (Kivirikko, 1936), comb. n. e stat. n., Phocides zancleius 1932 syn. n. de Phocides pialia (Hewitson, 1857); Dalla eburones elna Evans, 1955 syn. n. de Eumesia eburones inornata (Bell, 1937); Staphylus holaphegges Dyar, 1913 syn. n. de Eprius veleda veleda (Godman, 1901); Eprius veleda palta Evans, 1955 syn. n. de Eprius veleda obrepta (Kivirikko, 1936); Lerema elgina Schaus, 1902 syn. n. de Lerema duroca duroca (Ploetz, 1883). Dalla Mabille, 1904 syn. n. de Eumesia Felder &. Felder, 1867, n. rev, Eumesiinae Felder & Felder, 1867, n. rev.

Abstract New records of eleven rare species of Lepidoptera are given from Poland. Stigmella naturnella (KLIMESCH, 1936) (Nepticulidae) has been recorded in Poland for the first time. Surprisingly, this nepticulid was found in an artificial ecosystem - a city park. The occurrence of Scrobipalpula tussilaginis (FREY, 1867) and Ephysteris inustella (ZELLER, 1847) in Poland has been confirmed after over a century. Salix caprea L. is given as the first reliable record of a host plant for the larva of Teleiodes flavimaculella, and Betula pubescens EHRH. is found to be a new host plant of Stigmella naturnella.

Justicia salicifolia Anderson (1867: 514) was originally described based on specimens collected from Khasia hills of Meghalaya, India. It was used in many floras for more than a century (e.g. Clarke 1885, Perkins 1904, Gamble 1921, Merrill 1923, Benoist 1936, Graham 1988, Kartikeyan et al. 2009). However, the Anderson’s name is a later homonym of Justicia salicifolia Blume (1826: 787) and hence illegitimate. Studies in consultation with both the type materials revealed that the name Justicia salicifolia was applied to two different taxa. Therefore, a new name is proposed here for the later homonym.

Three new species of Demospongiae from coral reefs of the Archipiélago de Los Roques National Park (Venezuelan Caribbean) and Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) are described, viz. Eurypon laughlini n. sp., Topsentia roquensis n. sp., and Epipolasis reiswigi n. sp. The new species and the genera to which they have been assigned are discussed, as a result of which the genus Fasubera De Laubenfels, 1936, is synonymized with Eurypon Gray, 1867, and the genus Epipolasis is redefined based on characters of its typespecies. Extensive ecological data are provided for each species.

The γ-ray spectra of 188 Re decay have been studied by using a Compton-suppressed spectrometer and a three parameters γ-γ- T list coincidence system. Experimental data analysis demonstrated that six γ-rays at 557, 810, 1463, 1867, 1936 and 2022 keV and three levels at 1443, 1936 and 2022 keV are confirmed again. Seven new γ-rays at 309.60±0.04, 826.90±0.02, 979.29±0.08, 1103.7±0.4, 1828.2±0.1, 1842.5±0.2 and 1982.5±0.2 keV have been identified, three new levels at 309.60, 1828.2 and 1982.5 keV are assigned. The β- decay branching ratio is deduced. In addition, in order to study this γ-unstable nucleus, shape calculations using the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov-like formalism were carried out for positive-parity states in 188 Os . The TRS plots reveal that, as the spin increases up the band, the triaxiality parameter γ changes.

This article explores the role of Japanese merchants within American art and collecting circles and analyzes the ways in which the construction of “Asianness” and, in particular, “Japaneseness” became intertwined with the classification of Asian art. In order to reconstitute the market for high art and to create their own positionalities as legitimate cultural intermediaries, Asian art dealers such as Bunkio Matsuki (1867–1940) and Sadajiro Yamanaka (1866–1936) used their connections to Japan as cultural capital. Ultimately, their experiences illuminate the complexities of the reconceptualization of ethnic–racial identities through the lens of aesthetic discourses.

El objetivo de este trabajo es alcanzar una descripción total, cuantitativa y cualitativa, del léxico de Cantabria recogido en el diccionario de 1925, texto considerado un hito en la historia de la lexicografía académica. Hay que destacar, por un lado, el espectacular aumento del corpus analizado en esta edición (+ 140 %); por otro, los materiales empleados para realizar tal aumento: por primera vez, la Academia, en lo que respecta al léxico montañés, recurre a los materiales incluidos en repertorios locales. Dentro de estos, destaca el compilado por Eduardo de Huidobro (1867-1936), quien recogió los vocablos empleados en las obras narrativas de José María de Pereda (1833-1906).

The philopotamid genus Chimarra (Trichoptera) of Fiji is revised. The previously described species Chimarra nervosa(Brauer, 1867) is considered a nomen dubium. Chimarra indigota Mosely, 1941, is synonymized with Chimarra manniBanks, 1924. The following 24 new Chimarra species are described: C. vanuensis, C. macuatensis, C. schlingeri, C. nath-ani, C. braueri, C. vitiensis, C. karoyanitensis, C. tokotaai, C. vuda, C. naitasirensis, C. veisarensis, C. fijiana, C. abacen-sis, C. cakaudrovensis, C. cartwrighti, C. kimminsi, C. kadavuensis, C. lavensis, C. devoensis, C. helomyzida, C. tipulida,C. psychodida, C. levuensis, and C. malickyi. Chimarra signata Banks, 1936, C. manni Banks, 1924, and C. obscurella Banks, 1924, are re-described based on type material.

Application of planktonic foraminifera to micropaleontological, paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic research has enjoyed more than 150 years of activity. During the first century, foraminifera were used primarily for biostratigraphic analysis. Although fossil shells were recognized from beach sands and deep sea sediments as early as 1826 (d'Orbigny, 1826; Parker and Jones, 1865), it wasn't until Owen (1867) and the scientific results of the Challenger expedition (Brady, 1884) that the planktonic life habitat of these marine protozoans was clearly established. By the early 20th century, researchers were studying the biology of planktonic foraminifera at the cellular level (Rhumbler, 1901; Le Calvez, 1936), and linking their distributional patterns to regions of the ocean surface (Lohmann, 1920; Schott, 1935).

AbstractBorn in 1867 and trained as a doctor, Jean-Baptiste Charcot gave up a fashionable medical practice to become, in his mid-thirties, France's leading polar explorer. His two major expeditions to the peninsular sector of Antarctica and the Bellingshausen Sea (1903–05, 1908–10) resulted in many new discoveries of land and established his reputation as a leader in the fields of scientific oceanography, research and survey. After service in World War I he continued polar work with a series of ten summer expeditions to the Arctic (1926–36), in which many young explorers were trained. Lost with his ship Pourquoi Pas? in a storm off Iceland in 1936, Charcot is remembered for qualities of leadership and scientific integrity which inspire the current generation of French polar scientists.

The taxonomy of the South American metalmark butterflies of the genus Alesa Doubleday, 1847 is reviewed. A new taxonomic arrangement for Alesa is supported after the analysis of about 600 specimens, including the recognition of two new species, described herein, A. juliae sp. nov. and A. mariae sp. nov.. Alesa negra Röber, 1931, so far recognized as a junior subjective synonym of A. telephae (Boisduval, 1836), is here recognized as a valid species (stat. rev.) and A. amethystina Gallard & Fernandez, 2015 as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. negra, and A. fournierae Lathy, 1958 is recognized as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. amesis (Cramer, 1777). Neotypes are designated for Papilio amesis Cramer, 1777, Erycina prema Godart, [1824] and Mimocastinia egeria Biedermann, 1936. Lectotypes are designated for Erycina priolas Godart, [1824], Eurybia telephae Boisduval, 1836, A. smaragdifera Westwood, 1851, A. lipara Bates, 1868, A. hemiurga Bates, 1868, A. thelydrias Bates, 1868, and Mimocastnia rothschildi Seitz, 1913. Three previously established species groups are here supported by morphological characters including the following species, “prema group”: A. prema, A. esmeralda Salazar & Constantino, 2007, A. beneluzi Gallard & Fernandez, 2015, A. rothschildi and A. juliae sp. nov.; “telephae group”: A. telephae, A. humilis Brévignon, 2015, A. negra stat. rev. and A. suzana Ahrenholz & Hall, 2010; and “amesis group”: A. amesis, A. mariae sp. nov., A. lipara Bates, 1867, A. hemiurga Bates, 1867 and A. thelydrias Bates, 1867. Adults and their genitalia are illustrated for all species available to examination. The main diagnostic characters used to distinguish the species belonging to the “amesis group” are illustrated, and pictures of adults images in situ and distribution maps are provided. Additionally, all species are diagnosed and discussed based on their morphology.

The confusion about the genus Tubella began when Carter (1881) relocated three species described by Bowerbank (1863)—Spongilla paulula; Spongilla reticulata and Spongilla recurvata to the genus Tubella, and also described Tubella spinata. However, Carter ignored Gray (1867) who proposed the genus Metania for S. reticulata and S. paulula, and Acalle for S. recurvata. Later, Vejdovsky (1888) described the genus Trochospongilla comprising species which have only one type of megasclere, without microscleres and birotulate gemmoscleres with rotules that may have unequal size. These features were congruent with some species of Tubella. After seven decades, De Laubenfels (1936) returned to the classification proposed by Gray (1867) concerning the genus Metania. On occasion, De Laubenfels proposed types species, designating Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863 for the genus Metania, and Tubella paulula Bowerbank, 1863 (misspelled as Tubella paulata) for the genus Tubella. Thus, Trochospongilla should be considered a junior synonym of Tubella but unfortunately this did not happen. Penney & Racek (1968) complicated this scenario when they recommended that the genus Tubella should be removed from the sponge classification, since it would be a conglomerate of several species belongin to different genera. This recommendation has been followed by recent authors, and the genus Tubella is commonly referred as a synonym of the genera Acalle, Metania and especially Trochospongilla. In order to correct this taxonomic misconception, we propose here the revalidation and redefinition of genus Tubella.

During the early 1900s, Ellen Key's ideas about pedagogy, feminism and child rearing were influential around Europe. The same was true of Spain, although Key herself never visited the country. This article examines how Key's concept of collective motherliness was received and reformulated by Spanish intellectuals from two different generations: the first during the first two decades of the 20th century (1907-1920) and the second during the third and fourth decades (1920-1936). The focus is on works by two authors, each representing their generation of interpreters of Ellen Key: Carmen de Burgos (1867–1932) and Federica Montseny (1905–1994). The interpretation of these authors' texts in the light of Ellen Key's ideas of collective motherliness shows the reception and reformulation of these ideas in Spain changed between the two generations. The first focused more on collective values, such as women's education and patriarchal oppression in society, while the second generation focused more on individual aspects, such as free love and personal development.

Las estéticas del siglo XX han sido muchas y entre ellas hay una estética neotomista. El propósito de este trabajo es rastrear las ideas estéticas de algunos filósofos tomistas dominicos, probablemente los más conocidos del viejo mundo: Ceferino González y Díaz Tuñón O.P. (1831-1894); Heinrich Seuse Denifle O.P. (1844-1905); Norberto del Prado O.P. (1852-1918); Pedro Mandonnet O.P. (1858-1936); Ambrosio Gardeil O.P. (1859-1931); Antonin-Dalmace Sertillanges O.P. (1863- 1948); Gallus Manser O.P. (1866-1950); Édouard [Florentin-Louis] Hugon O.P. (1867-1929); Francisco Marín-Sola O.P. (1873-1932); Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange O.P. (1877-1964); Manuel Barbado O.P. (1884-1945); Santiago María Ramírez Ruíz de Dulanto O.P. (1891-1967); Abelardo Lobato O.P. (1925-2012); Sixto Castro (1970). Todos ellos han tenido amplio reconocimiento. No en todos los casos se ha conseguido hacer hallazgos en orden a la belleza y el arte.

Planktonic larvae of spionid polychaetes are among the most common and abundant group in coastal meroplankton worldwide. The present study reports the morphology of spionid larvae collected mainly from coastal waters of northeastern Japan that were identified by the comparison of adult and larval 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The molecular analysis effectively discriminated the species. Adult sequences of 48 species from 14 genera (Aonides Claparède, 1864; Boccardia Carazzi, 1893; Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978; Dipolydora Verrill, 1881; Laonice Malmgren, 1867; Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843; Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914; Polydora Bosc, 1802; Prionospio Malmgren, 1867; Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881; Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936; Scolelepis Blainville, 1828; Spio Fabricius, 1785; Spiophanes Grube, 1860) and larval sequences of 41 species from 14 genera (Aonides; Boccardia; Boccardiella; Dipolydora; Laonice; Paraprionospio; Poecilochaetus Claparède in Ehlers, 1875; Polydora; Prionospio; Pseudopolydora; Rhynchospio; Scolelepis; Spio; Spiophanes) of spionid polychaetes were obtained; sequences of 27 of these species matched between adults and larvae. Morphology of the larvae was generally species‐specific, and larvae from the same genus mostly shared morphological features, with some exceptions. Color and number of eyes, overall body shape, and type and arrangement of pigmentation are the most obvious differences between genera or species. The morphological information on spionid larvae provided in this study contributes to species or genus level larval identification of this taxon in the studied area. Identification keys to genera and species of planktonic spionid larvae in northeastern Japan are provided. The preliminary results of the molecular phylogeny of the family Spionidae using 18S and 16S rRNA gene regions are also provided.

The genus Cystacanthus was established by Anderson (1867: 457) and placed in tribe Ruellieae Dumortier (1829: 23) when published. In fact, it is closely related to Phlogacanthus Nees von Esenbeck (1832: 76, 99) and differs only in the corolla shape and indumentum. Thus, many authors merged Cystacanthus with Phlogacanthus (Benoist 1935, Imlay 1939, Brummit 1992, Mabberley 2008). But it was still recognized as a genus independent from Phlogacanthus by many recent authors (Scotland 1992, Scotland & Vollesen 2000, Hu 2002, Hu & Fu 2005, Wu et al. 2003, 2006, Hu et al. 2011). Our recently unpublished molecular analysis, however, showed that species of Cystacanthus are nested within Phlogacanthus and they might be treated as a single genus, Phlogacanthus. Phlogacanthus belongs to tribe Andrographideae Endlicher (1839: 707) and consists of about 35 species distributed in S and SE Asia (Scotland 1992, Scotland & Vollesen 2000, Mabberley 2008, McDade et al. 2008). In the recently published English version of the Flora of China (Hu et al. 2011), eight species were recognized in Cystacanthus. Among these, five species, i.e., Cystacanthus paniculatus Anderson (1867: 458), C. pyramidalis Benoist (1928: 907), C. abbreviatus Craib (1911: 438), C. vitellinus (Roxburgh 1820: 117) Y. F. Deng in Hu et al. (2011: 477) and C. colaniae (Benoist 1936: 109) Y. F. Deng in Hu et al. (2011: 477), already have names in Phlogacanthus; Cystacanthus yangtsekiangensis (Léveillé 1915: 6) Rehder (1935: 315), C. affinis Smith (1916: 103) and C. yunnanensis Smith (1916: 104), still need to be transferred to Phlogacanthus.

Lola Mora (1867-1936) fue la más halagada y discutida escultora argentina de los últimos años del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. La prensa escrita de Buenos Aires sigue el desarrollo de su carrera artística desde la llegada del viaje de estudios en 1900 y la convierte en protagonista principal monopolizando así la atención de los cronistas. El tema de este trabajo de investigación es una de sus obras más conocidas: la Fuente de las Nereidas o denominada popularmente Fuente de Lola Mora, conjunto escultórico de mármol de Carrara que se inaugura el 21 de mayo de 1903 en el Paseo de Julio. Esta investigación abordará las cuestiones que se debatieron en torno a este conjunto escultórico en relación al emplazamiento original en 1903, que lo transforma en un proceso particular ya que hasta ese momento nunca se habían producido discusiones de tales características en torno a una obra decorativa para la ciudad.

Qua thu thập các mẫu giun đất khu vực quanh chuồng nuôi và bãi chăn thả lợn bản địa tại tỉnh Điện Biên, dựa vào khóa định loại của Blakemore (2002), Đỗ Văn Nhượng (1994), Perrier (1872), Thái Trần Bái (1984), Gates (1936), Beddard (1892), Kinberg (1867), chúng tôi đã định danh và phân loại được 7 loài giun đất thuộc 2 họ Rhinodrilidae và Megascolecidae hiện đang lưu hành tại tỉnh Điện Biên bao gồm: Pontoscolexcorethrurus, Amynthas aspergillum, Amynthasplantoporophoratus, Amynthasmorrisi, Amynthas robustus, AmynthascorticisvàAmynthaspauxillulus. Các loài giun đất có tỷ lệ xuất hiện cao là Pontoscolexcorethrurus (72,06%), Amynthas robustus (13,73%), Amynthasmorrisi (4,90%), Amynthas aspergillum (3,43%), Amynthascorticis (3,43%). Trong 7 loài được tìm thấy, đã xác định được 2 loài giun đất Pontoscolexcorethrurus và Amynthas aspergillum là vật chủ trung gian của các loài giun phổi gây bệnh cho lợn với tỷ lệ và cường độ nhiễm ấu trùng giun phổi lần lượt là 32,65% (11,23 ± 1,31 ấu trùng/mẫu) và 28,57% (3,50 ± 2,50 ấu trùng/mẫu).

In 1935–1936 Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (1867–1942) suffered a serious nervous disease that interrupted his literary activity. The treatment, which required large expenses, deprived him of his livelihood, and Russian emigrants joined in helping the sick poet. A well-known public figure Vladimir Feofilovich Zeeler (1874–1954), secretary of the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Paris, the driving force and treasurer of the Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Balmont’s literary activity (official English translation: the Committee for the Recognition of the 50 years long literary activity of Constantin Balmont) established at the end of 1935, was particularly active in fundraising. The history of his relationship with the poet is generally known from Balmont’s published letters and poems addressed to Zeeler, and from Zeeler’s memoirs. This paper complements it with the text of the Committee’s appeal, most likely compiled by Zeeler, re-printed in full for the first time, and with the materials of Zeeler’s correspondence with sponsors published for the first time.

Este artigo emerge da necessidade de reconhecer a criação artística do Guerrilla Girls ao esconderem suas verdadeiras identidades e considerando os registros deixados pelo grupo desde o início de seu percurso de ativismo. O foco é apresentar as mulheres artistas do passado que têm seus nomes apropriados pelo grupo Guerrilla Girls, tomando como critério de escolha dois aspectos: o quantitativo e o qualitativo. O aspecto quantitativo abarca Eva Hesse (1936-1970, pós-minimalismo) e Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986, modernismo americano), nomes percebidos como sendo os mais frequentes em entrevistas dadas pelas Guerrilla Girls à imprensa escrita; e o aspecto qualitativo incluem Frida Kahlo (1907-1954, surrealismo mexicano) e Käthe Kollwitz (1867-1945, expressionismo alemão), nomes das artistas usadas pelas lideranças, as componentes mais antigas do grupo e integrantes fundadoras que ainda estão em atividade. Estas quatro representantes respondem pelo grupo em diversas situações, como entrevistas, palestras, viagens, exposições de arte, lançamentos, entre outras situações. Trata-se de compreender a trajetória pública empreendida pelo coletivo a partir da adoção dos nomes de mulheres históricas famosas e negligenciadas nas artes visuais.

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

In Antarctica an astonishing more than 300 ‘medical’ place-names record the lives of surgeons and physicians who have served as leaders, clinicians and scientists in the field of polar medicine and other doctors memorialized for their service to medicine. These enduring medical memorials are to be found in the names of glaciers, mountains, capes and islands of the vast frozen Southern Continent. This Antarctic Medical Gazetteer features, inter alii, doctor-expedition leaders, including Jean-Baptiste Charcot (1867–1936) of France and Desmond Lugg (b. 1938) of Australia. The Medical Gazetteer lists 43 geographical features on Brabant Island that were named after famous doctors. This Gazetteer also includes a collection of medical place-names on the Loubet Coast honouring Dr John Cardell (1896–1966) and nine other pioneers who worked on the prevention of snow blindness and four islands of the Lyall Islands Group, including Surgeon Island, named after United States Antarctic Medical Officers. Eleven geographic features (mountains, islands, nunataks, lakes and more) are named after Australian doctors who have served with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions based at Davis Station. Biographic memorials in Antarctica comprise a collective witness of esteem, honouring in particular those doctors who have served in Antarctica where death and injury remains a constant threat.

The article describes the initiatives of the Jewish community in Lviv in the area of special education taken during the Galician autonomy period (1867–1918) and in independent Poland (1918–1939). It is based on little known references kept in Lviv and Cracow archives. Lviv Jews’ interest in the education of blind and deaf children was awaken by Vienna, where the first schools for the deaf and the blind in Europe had been established. The article presents the functioning of the first Jewish center for deaf children and adolescents on Polish lands – it was established by Izaak Józef Bardach in 1871. The institution functioned as a private school, supporting itself mainly through subsidies from the city of Lviv and from the local Jewish community till 1939 when it was incorporated into the state school for the deaf at Łyczakowskiej street. The Jews from Lviv contributed to the establishment of the first Jewish school for the blind in Poland. It was set up in Bojanowo in 1926 and transferred to Warsaw in 1936. The article expands the current state of research on the history of schooling for people with disabilities on Polish lands, showing the contribution of the Jewish community to the development of schools for the deaf and the blind.

After experiencing a floor-heated ‘Korean room’ in Tokyo in the 1910s (possibly in 1920), Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) applied its operating principle to his Usonian houses, starting with the Jacobs House I (1936–7). Successively, Wright’s heating method, along with other Usonian features, was applied to many postwar mass-produced houses, particularly those by Levitt & Sons in New York and Eichler Homes in California, two representative housing development companies in mid-century America. In their tract housing projects undertaken for about two decades from the late 1940s, floor heating (what is generally called ‘radiant heating’) was attractive not only owing to its thermal comfort but also because its slab system without a basement made construction inexpensive and expeditious. Although research on Levitt and Eichler homes has often mentioned the new heating method in relation to Wright’s influence, they could hardly identify the inspiration that Wright drew from Korea. Bridging the gap, this study argues that the Korean floor-heating idea disseminated to postwar mass-produced houses in America through Wright. Considering that their affordable houses were targeted at ordinary families seeking the American dream in a renewed social context, it can be said that Korean heat warmed the American dream, albeit indirectly. Ultimately, this radiated Korean heat would illustrate how one culture influences another, resulting in cultural cross-fertilisation.

Amikor a másfélszáz éves intézet történetének megírására vállalkozom, vezetőinek személyét és munkásságukat is bemutatva, akkor túl kell lépnem az egyes korok, korszakok szemléletmódján és kizárólag a tények leírására támaszkodhatom. Munkámhoz jelentős segítséget nyújtott Győry Tibor (1869-1938) orvostörténész, egészségügyi szervező által 1936-ban 870 oldalon megjelentetett „Az orvostudományi kar története 1770-1935” című élvezetesen olvasmányos stílusban megírt könyve, valamint egyetemünk Központi Levéltárának igazgatója, Molnár László és Szögi László történész, az Egyetemi Könyvtár volt főigazgatójának közös munkája „A Semmelweis Orvostudományi Egyetem Levéltára 1770-1999 Repertórium” illetve számos egyéb forrás. Ugyanakkor követni kívánom a majd száz évvel ezelőtti szempontokat, mely szerint anno az egyetem történetének megírására kijelölt bizottság kiküszöbölte a nehézségek kényesebbik részét, azaz az élő személyek működése ismertetésének és méltatásának mellőzését határozta el, ami akkor azt jelentette, hogy Győry a kar történetét 1914-ig írta meg, és az 1914 és 1935 közötti időszakban csak a száraz adatok kerültek felsorolásra (Budapesti Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetem Orvostudományi Karának ülése, 1935.06.04., 9. rendes folytatólagos; 7. rendkívüli kari tanácsülési jegyzőkönyv, 26. oldal.)végjegyzetbe, ide csak a szerző és évszám kell mindenhol!,. Sajnálatos ugyanakkor, hogy az 1951 tavaszán-nyarán bekövetkező iratselejtezések előbb az 1867 és 1938 közötti iratanyagot csökkentették, majd pedig a már megselejtezett és a kiegyezés előtti anyagok jelentős részét megőrzésre átvette a Magyar Országos Levéltár, ahol 1956 őszén a szabadságharc összecsapásai során keletkezett tűzvészben ezek az iratok megsemmisültek (Molnár–Szögi, 2002, 8.) ez a jó.

AbstractChristchurch Bay has a long history of shoreline recession and this has given rise to some major coastal engineering problems. An area of particular concern is Hurst Beach at its eastern end, where the maximum rate of recession has increased from 1.5 m a-1 (1867 to 1968) to 3.5 m a-1 (1968 to 1982). Hurst Castle itself is now subject to wave attack on part of its frontage. The littoral sediment movement was assumed to be essentially continuous around Christchurch Bay, but, in fact, a littoral drift sub-cell boundary (i.e. a partial barrier to littoral drift) is present in the vicinity of Hordle Cliff. Therefore, the increased recession of Hurst Beach is a local problem. Milford-on-Sea is situated on a thick sequence of Pleistocene Gravels, whose erosion contributed substantially to the maintenance of Hurst Castle Spit as a major physiographic feature. However, a series of coast protection works were constructed to protect Milford-on-Sea between 1936 and 1968, removing this important source of sediment.In the long term, without any further human interference, recession rates of up to 6 m a-1 will probably occur along Hurst Beach. A breach of Hurst Beach is a major concern, as it would create an island at Hurst Castle and expose the vulnerable, low-lying, northern coast of the West Solent, including the village of Keyhaven, to increased wave attack and tidal scour. Ecologically important saltmarshes would also be destroyed.Shingle renourishment is the only environmentally acceptable engineering solution. Limited renourishment has already commenced. Any cost benefit decisions must consider the wider implications of a breach in Hurst Beach, including environmental and ecological considerations.This case study demonstrates the importance of a detailed understanding of both the littoral and offshore sediment movement for the planning of coast protection.

Modern electrochemistry is generally regarded as having its origins in the work of the Italian scientists Galvani (1737 – 1798) and Volta (1745 – 1827). Their discoveries led directly to the invention (1799) by Volta of the voltaic pile, a primitive form of what we now call a battery. This invention greatly facilitated electrical experimentation and quickly led to a host of other electrochemical discoveries such as the electrolysis of water (Nicholson and Carlisle in 1800, although it was first demonstrated in 1789 by Deiman and van Troostwijk using an electrostatic generator), isolation of elemental alkali and alkaline earth metals (Davy, 1807–1808) and electroplating (Brugnatelli, 1805). The work of Davy (1778 – 1829) and of Faraday (1791 – 1867) greatly advanced the understanding of electrochemistry and Faraday’s laws of electrolysis (1833) put the field on a quantitative basis. This was followed by a long succession of electrochemical discoveries that has continued to the present. Scientists such as Daniell (1790 – 1845), Grove (1811 – 1896), Leclanché (1839 – 1882) and Planté (1834 – 1889) made early improvements to batteries; of course, research and development of batteries remains an important area of electrochemistry. Historically, batteries were the primary source of electric current until practical electric dynamos became available in about 1870. Electroplating developed as a practical technology from about 1840, initially for electrodeposition of copper on printing plates. From 1893 to 1948, the international standard for electric current was based on electrodeposition of silver. Furthermore, an electrochemical cell invented by Weston (1850 – 1936) was adopted as the reference standard for voltage in 1903 and remained so until 1990 when it was replaced by a Josephson junction standard. The science of electrochemistry experienced rapid growth from the 19th century on, with major contributions from European scientists including Kohlrausch (1840 – 1910), Ostwald (1853 – 1932), Arrhenius (1859 – 1927), Tafel (1862 – 1918), Nernst (1864 – 1941), and Heyrovský (1890 – 1967), to mention but a few. In this talk, I will attempt to trace the evolution of electrochemistry and discuss some of the major landmarks and the European scientists who made important contributions. I will also comment on how equipment and methodology have changed over the last half-century.

Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936) was an Italian modernist writer and playwright who enriched literature with questions of modern identity as it relates to the contradiction between human consciousness and reality. Pirandello pondered questions of art and reality, mask and essence, life and form, and the fragmentation of a personality. In his works, he also foresaw what would later constitute the base of existential philosophy.The reception of Pirandello’s works in Lithuania has been limited, in part because of the small number of his works translated into Lithuanian – only a dozen short stories, two plays, and a novel.The first more or less systematic and thorough introduction to the play wright and his works took place in 1934, when the Italian writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his “bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage.” A few articles on Pirandello’s creative principles appeared in the Lithuanian press. A Lithuanian poet, Kazys Binkis, translated the beginning of Pirandello’s play, Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore (Six Characters in Search of an Author, 1921), and a writer, Kostas Korsakas, edited a book consisting of five novels, Pirmoji naktis (‘First Night’). A Lithuanian translation of his novel, Il fu Mattia Pascal (The Late Mattia Pascal, 1904), and two plays, Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore and Enrico IV (Henry IV, 1922), came out during the Soviet period.All translations were accompanied by a foreword containing basic biographical details about and introducing Pirandello’s cultural, literary and creative life. Although Pirandello gets attention in Lithuanian university textbooks, no academic paper about him or his works has been published yet. There have been no translations of Pirandello’s theoretical texts, his thoughts on the cultural situation, literature, and man at the beginning of the 20th century, i.e., a volume of essays Arte e Scienza (Art and Science) written in 1908 or an important long essay, L’umorismo (On Humor), in which author also examines the principles of his own art. On the other hand, the literary reception of Pirandello’s works has been supplemented by theater performances. Five plays of his were mounted and the play, Henry IV, was twice produced on Lithuanian theater stage.The article examines why Pirandello’s artistic ideas, which reached Lithuania during the second decade of the 20th century, remained on the periphery and failed to influence the literary canon. Keywords: Luigi

The Australian wolf spider (Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833) genus Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959 with Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905 as type species is revised to include 14 species: T. godeffroyi (L. Koch, 1865), comb. nov. (= Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.; = Lycosa zualella Strand, 1907, syn. nov.; = Lycosa woodwardi Simon, 1909, syn. nov.); T. fulgor sp. nov.; T. gilberta (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov.; T. harmsi sp. nov.; T. hughjackmani sp. nov.; T. kochorum sp. nov.; T. leuckartii (Thorell, 1870), comb. nov. (= Lycosa molyneuxi Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. musgravei (McKay, 1974) comb. nov.; T. phyllis (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov. (= Lycosa stirlingae Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. ramosa (L. Koch, 1877), comb. nov.; T. salmo sp. nov.; T. semicincta (L. Koch, 1877) comb. nov.; T. stella sp. nov.; and T. subrufa (Karsch, 1878) comb. nov. Within the Australian wolf spider fauna, the genus Tasmanicosa can be diagnosed by the distinct pattern of radiating light and dark lines forming a “Union-Jack” pattern on the carapace. Male pedipalp morphology identifies the genus as part of the subfamily Lycosinae Sundevall, 1833 due to the presence of a transverse tegular apophysis with dorsal groove guiding the embolus during copulation. However, genital morphology is variable and a synapomorphy based on male pedipalp or female epigyne morphology could not be identified. Members of Tasmanicosa are comparatively large spiders (body length ca. 12–30 mm), that build a shallow burrow, which is sometimes covered with a flimsy trapdoor. Species of Tasmanicosa are largely a Bassian faunal element with preference for open woodlands and/or floodplains, although some species can be found into the semi-arid Australian interior. Two Australian wolf spider species may represent Tasmanicosa based on their original descriptions, but due to immature types in combination with the somatic similarities of all Tasmanicosa species, cannot be identified with certainty. They are therefore considered nomina dubia: Lycosa excusor L. Koch, 1867 and Lycosa infensa L. Koch, 1877. The type species of Orthocosa Roewer, 1960 is transferred to Tasmanicosa; however, in order to prevent some non-Australian wolf spiders in the genus Orthocosa to be transferred into Tasmanicosa, which is considered endemic to Australia, we here place these species into more appropriate genera based on their original descriptions pending a future revision of these species: Arctosa ambigua Denis, 1947 comb. reval.; Alopecosa orophila (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov.; Hygrolycosa tokinagai Saito, 1936 comb. reval. Orthocosa sternomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is considered a junior synonym of Hogna birabeni (Mello-Leitão, 1943) comb. nov.

Акыртас – недостроенное сооружение из каменных блоков железистого песчаника. На территории памятника хорошо читаются две улицы: одна из них, направлением север–юг, – сквозная, другая, направлением восток–запад, – тупиковая, упирается в глухие айваны. Относительно комплекса Акыртас есть разные мнения: строился как буддийский или несторианский монастырь, караван-сарай или дворец-резиденция. По аналогии планировки, характеру строительной техники некоторые исследователи считают Акыртас дворцом, сооруженным арабскими зодчими в VIII в. Археологические материалы, полученные автором, позволяют датировать начало строительства временем после Атлахской битвы 751 г. Библиографические ссылки 1. Акишев А.К. «Сиюйцзи» – «Записки о западном крае» даосского учителя Чань Чуня // Тамыр. 2004. № 12 (апрель-июнь). С. 52-71. 2. Артамонов М.И. Саркел – Белая Вежа // МИА. Труды Волго-Донской археологической экспедиции. М.–Л.: «Наука», 1958. № 62. С. 7-84. 3. Байпаков К.М. Городище Куйрыктобе – город Кедер. Алматы: «Баур», 2005. 183 с. 4. Байпаков К.М. Древняя и средневековая урбанизация Казахстана (по материалам исследований ЮККАЭ). Алматы: Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана, 2012. Кн. I: Урбанизация Казахстана в эпоху бронзы – раннем средневековье. 390 с., ил. 5. Байпаков К.М. Древняя и средневековая археология Казахстана. Алматы: Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана, 2013. Кн. II: Урбанизация Казахстана в IX – начале XIII в. 516 с. 6. Бартольд В.В. Очерк истории Семиречья // Соч. М.: «Наука», 1963. Т. II, ч. 1. С. 23-108. 7. Бартольд В.В. О христианстве в Туркестане в домонгольский период (По поводу Семиреченских надписей) // Соч. М.: «Наука», 1964. Т. II, ч. 2. С. 265-302. 9. Бартольд В.В. Отчет о командировке в Среднюю Азию с научной целью // Соч. М.: «Наука», 1966. Т. IV. С. 21-91. 10. Басенов Т.К. О сооружении Тас-Акыр // Известия Академии наук КазССР. Серия архитектурная. 1950. Вып. 2. С. 83-89. 11. Бернштам А.Н. Таласская долина (1936–1938 гг.) // ТСАЭ. Материалы и исследования по археологии Казахской ССР. Алма-Ата, 1949. Т. I. (1936-1938 гг.). 12. Волин С. Сведения арабских источников IX–XVI вв. о долине реки Талас и смежных районах // Новые материалы по древней и средневековой истории Казахстана. ТИИАЭ АН КазССР. 1960. Т. 8. С. 72-92. 13. Иванов Л.Д. К вопросу о некоторых туркестанских древностях // Известия Русского географического общества. 1886. Т. 21. С. 162-167. 14. Ивлев Н. Зов Акыртаса // Памятники истории, культуры Казахстана: сб. научн. ст. Алма-Ата: Цент. совет Казахского об-ва охраны памятников, истории и культуры, 1989. Вып. 4. С. 91-93. 15. История Казахстана: с древнейших времен до наших дней. В 5-ти томах. Гл. ред. М.К. Козыбаев. Алматы: «Атамура», 1996. Т. 1: Казахстан от эпохи палеолита до позднего средневековья. 540 с., ил.: табл. 16. Каллаур В.А. Акыр-Тас // ПТКЛА. Ташкент, 1896. С. 25-27. 17. Каллаур В.А. Древние местности Аулиеатинского уезда на старом караванном пути из Тараза (Таласа) в Восточный Туркестан // ПТКЛА. Год первый. Ташкент, 1897. С. 1-9. 18. Каллаур В.А. Поездка на Ахир-Тас (Ахур-Таш, Таш-Ахир) // ПТКЛА. Ташкент, 1905. С. 29-36. 19. Ковалевский А.П. Посольство Багдадского халифа к царю Волжских Булгар в 921–922 годах // Ковалевский А.П. Книга Ахмеда ибн-Фадлана о его путешествии на Волгу. Харьков: Изд-во Харьковского госуниверситета им. А.М. Горького, 1956. 345 с. 20. Лерх П.И. Археологическая поездка в Туркестанский край в 1867 г. СПб.: Тип. Имп. АН, 1870. 40 с. 21. Маньковская Л.Ю. Типологические основы зодчества Средней Азии (IX ‑ начало XX в.). Ташкент: «Фан», 1980. 183 с.: ил. 22. Маргулан А., Басенов Т., Мендикулов М. Архитектура Казахстана. Алма-Ата: Каз. гос. изд-во, 1959. 171 с.: табл. 23. Материалы по истории киргизов и Киргизии. М.: «Наука», 1973. Вып. I, ч. 2. 280 с. 24. Мухамед Забен Хамед Халид. Об истории возникновения дворцовой архитектуры арабо-исламского мира // Известия НАН РК. Сер. обществ. наук. 2000. № 1. С. 196-208. 25. Пацевич Г.И. Ахыр-Таш // Вестник Академии наук КазССР. 1949. № 4. С. 80-85. 25. Хмельницкий С.Г. Между арабами и тюрками. Архитектура Средней Азии IX-X веков». Берлин-Рига: «Continent Ltd», 1992. 343 с. 20. Шарденова З.Ж. Крепость средневекового Касрибаса // Известия НАН РК. Сер. обществ. наук. 2010. № 1. С. 194-201. 21. Baipakov K. Silk Road serial transamination Achievements and perspectives // Silk Road. Arts and Humanities of the Silk Road. Keimyung University, 2016. Vol. II. P. 171-180. 22. Brentjes B. Islamic art and architecture in Central Asia // Journal of Central Asia. 1993. Vol. XVI, 1-2. Р. 1-239. 23. Northedge A. An interpretation of the palace of the Caliph at Samarra (Dar al-Khilafa or Jawsaq al-Khaqani) // Arts orient’s. 1993. № 27. Р. 143-170.

The article is devoted to a peculiar episode of the struggle of Lithuanians against the policy of persecution based on nationality which was pursued by Imperial Russia between 1864 and 1904. Its participants were representatives of the parts of the Lithuanian nation separated by the border between Germany and the Russian Empire – Martynas Jankus (1858–1946), a German citizen, a Lithuanian of East Prussia, the owner of a printing office in Tilsit (Lith. Tilžė, currently Sovetsk, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Federation) and a group of Lithuanian young people who were operating illegally, a group of citizens of the Russian Empire. The time under discussion is the 1890s. During that period, the Lithuanian national movement was rapidly developing and strengthening while striving to bring together both parts of the nation and the USA-based Lithuanian diaspora community. One of the most important measures of the common struggle was the distribution of publications printed in Latin characters in the Lithuanian language which were banned to be published in the territory of Russia but were legally printed in East Prussia and smuggled across the border into Lithuania. From there, the publications were sent to Lithuanian communities all over the Russian Empire. This struggle resulted in victory: the ban was lifted by Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Russia issued in 1904. To strengthen the political opposition, Lithuanian intellectuals printed not only books, brochures and newspapers but also various minor publications – political leaflets. Students of Russian universities and Lithuanian intellectuals graduates of these higher education institutions prepared texts and sent funds intended for their publication to the printing offices of Lithuanians and Germans in East Prussia. The number of such leaflets surviving to the present day is very small. One of these publications was an anonymous card of the size of a standard German postcard (95 x 140 mm). Thus far, three of them have been found in Lithuanian libraries and archives, and one has been discovered in the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg. A composition of two illustrations is printed on one side of the card: a Lithuanian countrywoman and a Cossack standing in front of her with a raised whip and a bottle of vodka as a gift for obedience. This symbolised a spread of orthodoxy and the deportation of Lithuanians from their native land. The following exclamation of the Cossack is printed: Are you a Lithuanian? Go to Russia! The explanation of the content of the illustration and the encouragement (first of all, to Catholic believers) to oppose the plans of the authorities are printed in small characters. They are related to the colonisation of Siberia. The statements are well-grounded, the exposition of the subject is logical and written in the correct Lithuanian language. Most probably, it was created by the graduate of the Faculty of Law of the University of Moscow Vladas Mačys (1867–1936). Vaclovas Biržiška, Professor of Law at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas and Director of the University Library, was the first to describe this publication bibliographically. The author regarded this publication as a postcard, attributed it to Martynas Jankus’ printing office and dated it ‘1892’. A more precise description was publicised in the fundamental work of Lithuanian national bibliography Lietuvos TSR bibliografija. Serija A: Knygos lietuvių kalba (Bibliography of the Lithuanian SSR. Series A: Books in the Lithuanian Language; vol. 2: 1862–1904. Book 2 (Vilnius, 1988, p. 401, No. 4065). It was compiled in the Soviet era, and the only available copy stored in Mikhail J. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library (currently renamed the Russian National Library in Sankt Petersburg) served as the basis for it. The present author amended the publication date of the postcard (1891) and specified the circumstances of its distribution, while also ascertaining that the artist of the illustrations was the lithographer of Tilsit Johann Mai.

Genomic sequencing (or morphology when indicated) and analysis of Hesperiidae that includes a number of primary type specimens reveals inconsistencies between the phylogenetic trees and the current classification that are resolved here. The following taxonomic changes are proposed. Oeonus Godman, 1900, stat. nov. is a subgenus of Oxynthes Godman, 1900. Decinea lydora (Plötz, 1882), stat. rev. is a valid species, not a synonym of Lindra neroides (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), comb. nov. The following are: species-level taxa, not subspecies: Cabirus junta Evans, 1952, stat. nov. and Cabirus purda Evans, 1952, stat. nov. (not Cabirus procas (Cramer, 1777)), Orthos hyalinus (E. Bell, 1930), stat. rest. and Orthos minka Evans, 1955, stat. nov. (not Orthos orthos (Godman, 1900)), Eprius obrepta (Kivirikko, 1936), stat. rest. (not Eprius veleda (Godman, 1901)), Corra catargyra (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867), stat. rest. and Corra conka (Evans, 1955), stat. nov. (not Corra coryna (Hewitson, 1866)), Cymaenes macintyrei Hayward, 1939, stat. rest. (not Cymaenes tripunctata (Latreille, [1824])), Duroca lenta (Evans, 1955), stat. rest. (not Duroca duroca Plötz, 1882), Oarisma (Copaeodes) favor (Evans, 1955), stat. nov. (not Oarisma (Copaeodes) jean (Evans, 1955)), Panoquina eugeon (Godman & Salvin, 1896), stat. rest., Panoquina calna Evans, 1955, stat. nov. and Panoquina albistriga O. Mielke, 1980, stat. nov. (not Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)); subspecies-level taxa, not species: Carystus elvira rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007, stat. nov.; junior subjective synonyms: Bungalotis gagarini O. Mielke, 1967, syn. nov. of Bungalotis corentinus (Plötz, 1882), Salantoia dinka (Evans, 1952), syn. nov. of Adina adrastor (Mabille and Boullet, 1912), Lindra brasus ackeryi O. Mielke, 1978, stat. nov. of Lindra neroides neroides (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (but Lindra brasus (O. Mielke, 1968) is still a valid species), Vidius felus O. Mielke, 1968, syn. nov. of Vidius dagon (Evans, 1955), comb. nov., and Cobalopsis dorpa de Jong, 1983, syn. nov. of Vidius catocala (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), comb. nov.; new genus-species combinations: Oxynthes (Oxynthes) egma (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (not Oeonus Godman, 1900), Lindra neroides (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), comb. nov. (not Decinea Evans, 1955), Mucia rusta (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (not Psoralis Mabille, 1904), Rhomba mirnae (Siewert, Nakamura & O. Mielke, 2014), comb. nov. (not Alychna Grishin, 2019), Eprius planus (Weeks, 1901), comb. nov. and Eprius penna (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (changed based on morphology) (not Mnasicles Godman, 1901), Lattus minor (O. Mielke, 1967), comb. nov. (not Eutocus Godman, 1901), Panca fiedleri (Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015), comb. nov., Eutocus rogan (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (changed based on morphology and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcode) and Eutocus brasilia (Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015), comb. nov. (not Ginungagapus Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015), Eutocus fosca (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (not Artines Godman, 1901), Rectava cascatona (O. Mielke, 1992), comb. nov. (not Papias Godman, 1900), Lurida zama (Hayward, 1939), comb. nov. and Vehilius campestris (O. Mielke, 1980), comb. nov. (not Cymaenes Scudder, 1872), Corra xanthus (O. Mielke, 1989), comb. nov., Cymaenes catarinae (O. Mielke, 1989), comb. nov., Vehilius spitzi (O. Mielke, 1967), comb. nov., Vehilius tinta (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (not Vidius Evans, 1955), Cymaenes incomptus (Hayward, 1934), comb. nov. and Vehilius tanta (Evans, 1955), comb. nov. (not Nastra Evans, 1955), Vidius catocala (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), comb. nov. Vidius cocalus (Hayward, 1939), comb. nov., Vidius dagon (Evans, 1955), and Vidius obscurior (Hayward, 1934), comb. nov. (not Cobalopsis Godman, 1900), Duroca caraca (O. Mielke, 1992), comb. nov. (not Lerema Scudder, 1872), and Cantha eteocla (Plötz, 1882), comb. nov. and Cantha buriti (O. Mielke, 1968), comb. nov. (not Phlebodes Hübner, [1819]); and new species-subspecies combinations: Lindra neroides huxleyi O. Mielke, 1978, comb. nov. (not Lindra brasus (O. Mielke, 1968)), Corra conka argentus (H. Freeman, 1969), stat. nov. (not Corra coryna (Hewitson, 1866)), Panoquina eugeon minima de Jong, 1983, comb. nov. (not Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)). The following neotype and lectotypes are designated to ensure nomenclatural identity and stability: neotype of Cobalus neroides Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 and lectotypes of Cobalus catocala Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 and Lerema elgina Schaus, 1902.

В статье рассматривается история археологического изучения двух городищ, расположенных у д. Речки Вилейского района Минской области. Оба памятника расположены на холмах природного происхождения и имеют сложную систему укреплений. На сегодняшний день наиболее изученным поселением является то, которые местные жители называют «Замковая гора». Впервые его обследовал А. Киркор, считавший его мощным укреплением кривичей, относящимся к дохристианским временам. В межвоенный период экспедиция Археологического музея Университета Стефана Батория сняла план городища. Сам памятник они относили к «доисторическому» или «раннеисторическому» времени. Во второй половине ХХ в. памятник был исследован Л.В. Алексеевым, М.М Чернявским и Я.Г. Зверуго. М.М. Чернявский выявил здесь материалы третьей четверти I тыс. н.э. Я.Г. Зверуго интерпретировал памятник как феодальный замок. В 2019-2020 гг. на «Замковой горе» были проведены разведывательные исследования под руководством П.С. Курлович. Находки позволяют датировать поселение в пределах I тыс. н.э. На окраине площадки были обнаружены остатки металлургического комплекса. Второе городище «Городок» на сегодняшний день практически не изучено. Впервые о его существовании упоминает Ф.В. Покровский. В ходе исследований 2020 г. здесь была обнаружена лепная посуда с большим содержанием дресвы. Определение хронологии и интерпретация городищ у д. Речки станут возможны после дальнейших исследований. Библиографические ссылки Алексеев Л.В. Краткая информация о работах Полоцко-Прибалтийского отряда Прибалтийской комплексной экспедиции АН СССР в 1956 г. / ЦНА НАН Беларусі. ФАНД. Арх. № 16. Алексеев Л.В. Археология и краеведение Беларуси XVI в. – 30-е годы XX в. Минск: Беларуская навука, 1996. 206 с. Белявец В., Вяргей В. Курадава-I – шматслойнае паселішча з Цэнтральнага Палесся // Матэрыялы па археологіі Беларусі. Вып. 5. / Уклад.: А.М. Мядзведзеў, І.М. Язэпенка. С. 5–24. Бідзіля В.І. 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Киркор А. Перечневый каталог предметов в Виленском музеуме древностей. Вильно: Типография О. Завадзскаго, 1858а. 21 с. Киркор А. Этнографический взгляд на Виленскую губернию // Этнографический сборник, издаваемый императорским Русским географическим обществом. Вып. ІІІ. Санкт-Петербург, 1858б. С. 115–276. Киркор А. Археологические разыскания в Виленской губернии // Известия Императорского Археологического общества. Т. I. Санкт-Петербург, 1859. С. 15–19. Киркор А. Первобытные времена Литовского Полесья // Живописная Россия / под общ. ред. П.П. Семенова: в. 12 т. Т. 3. Ч. 1: Литовское Полесье. СПб.; М., 1882а. С. 3–10. Киркор А. Города и поселения в Литве // Живописная Россия / под общ. ред. П.П. Семенова: в. 12 т. Т. 3. Ч. 1: Литовское Полесье. СПб.; М., 1882б. С. 163–204. Колчин Б.А. Черная металлургия и металлообработка в Древней Руси (Домонгольский период) / МИА. № 32. М.: Наука, 1953. 260 с. Кор. А. Речки // Древности. Труды Московского археологического общества. Т. 1. Вып. 2. 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Informacija apie buvusį savininką/kūrėją: „ Приложенiе къ описанiю, доставленному въ Императорскую археологическую комиссiю Священникомъ Речковской церкви Афанасiемъ Ельцовымъ ". Seni inventoriniai numeriai: VII, 20, NN 20-30. Rankr., brėžinys, spalvotas. URL: https: // kolekcijos.biblioteka.vu.lt/islandora/object/kolekcijos:VUB01_000679467#00001. Дата обращения: 21.02.2021. Dwunaste i trzynaste posiedzenie wileńskiej archeologicznej kommissyi, dnia 11 listopada i 12 grudnia // Biblioteka Warszawska. Nowa Serya. T. 1. Warszawa, 1858. S. 480–489. Hołubowicz W. Szlakiem ekspedycji archeologicznej // Kurjer Wileński. 1934. № 350. S. 5. Hołubowicz W. Wykopaliska koło Kurzenca // Kurjer Wileński. 1937. № 221. S. 6. Hołubowicz W. Pięc lat pracy terenowej Muzeum archeologicznego Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (1933–1937) // Rocznik archeologiczny (Wilno). 1937. № 1. S. 83–90. Чарняўскі М.М. 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The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.

Нечаева Могила – единственный сохранившийся до наших дней скифский царский курган-гигант в Северном Причерноморье. С 1853 г. он известен российским археологам. Его высота на сегодняшний день составляет 14–15 м. За последние два века курган претерпел существенные изменения. В середине 19 ст. были отмечены просадки насыпи, затем на вершине был вырыт глубокий колодец, позднее засыпанный, и на его месте выстроена беседка. Особо трагическую роль курган сыграл в годы Великой Отечественной войны, когда он был одним из узловых опорных пунктов войск вермахта в Никопольско-Криворожской наступательной операции Красной армии в декабре 1943 г. – январе 1944 г., в ходе которой была разгромлена криворожско–никопольская группировка, пытавшаяся удержать любой ценой Никопольский марганцевый и Криворожский железорудный бассейны. В боях за Нечаеву Могилу полегло более полутора тысяч советских воинов. Сам курган, в особенности его вершина, был изрыт блиндажами и ходами сообщений, а также сотнями воронок от снарядов. После войны вершина кургана была полностью перепланирована и на ней был установлен триангуляционный пункт высшей категории. Все факты указывают на то, что ранее курган входил в число крупнейших скифских царских курганов Северного Причерноморья и имел высоту не менее 20 м. Библиографические ссылки Артамонов М.И. Из истории методики археологических раскопок // ПИДО. 1935. № 1–2. С. 142–164. Бидзиля В.И., Полин С.В. Скифский царский курган Гайманова Могила. Киев: Скиф, 2012. 814 с. Бобринский А.А. Вновь открытая могила скифского царя // ИТУАК. 1913. № 50. Браун Ф.А. Разыскания в области гото-славянских отношений. СПб.: Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1899. ХХ, 392 с. Брун Ф.И. Черноморье. Сборник исследований по исторической географии Южной России. Одесса: Тип. Г. Ульриха, 1880. Ч. 2. 422 с. Бурачков П. 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In spite of apparent acceptance by the Imperial government of Durham's recommendation for accelerating the inevitable assimilation of the French culture into its Anglo-Saxon environment, French Canadians nevertheless enjoyed a fair amount of de facto self-government during the years which preceded Confederation. A proof of this is their ability to consolidate during that period the ecclesiastical establishment which was to constitute the core of their social structure for the next century and their success in putting the French language more or less on the same footing as the English language by the repeal of article XLI of the Union Act. Quebeckers were even successful in effecting the codification of their civil laws. All of this however required the active cooperation of the English members of the provincial legislature. A real measure of self-determination was attained by the French as a result of Confederation which gave each province including Quebec exclusive jurisdiction in certain matters. In theory, this new freedom was to be exercised within fairly narrow limits, in view of the federal power to disallow provincial statutes, of the extensive list of federal powers which had priority over a smaller list of provincial powers, and of the federal residual power, not to mention the « general » authority of the federal Parliament. As it turned out, the provinces and therefore Quebeckers enjoyed much more freedom than had been anticipated, as a result of the Privy Council's interpretation of the constitution, a development which to some extent was predictable. The increase in provincial freedom was also due to the political pressure exercised by the provinces themselves. Surprisingly enough, Quebec did not join the « provincial league » at an early hour, Ontario being at first the main defender of provincial autonomy. Quebec's espousal of the provincial cause had to await the removal from power of the Conservatives in the province. The Liberals who took over had voted against Confederation which they regarded as unduly centralized. This in itself would have made them an ally of Ontario. But there was more than that to it. The Quebec Liberals had opposed the 1867 federation from the start (and refused to participate in the 1864 coalition) because they considered that Quebec's freedom might become unduly restrained in a system where she would be faced with numerous partners or provinces, all Anglo-Saxon, instead of having to face an English majority limited to Ontario. It so happened that the Liberals came to power on a wave of profound and widespread dissatisfaction among the French, precisely because of a perceived restriction of their freedoms during the Riel crisis. Hence, the eager look of the people of Quebec towards their own capital as a source of protection against federal encroachment to what they regarded as their legitimate rights. This feeling was reinforced regularly for a period of fifty years as a result first of the Manitoba school question, then the Alberta and Saskatchewan school question, the Keewatin school problem and last but by no means least the Ontario school crisis which this time concerned French schools only. On top of that, came the 1917 conscription to which can be traced the origin of the « modern » separatist movement. During most of that time, the Liberals were in power (1897-1936) and it is no wonder that Quebec gradually became the ever present champion of provincial rights. When Duplessis defeated the Liberals, the trend was so well established that it transcended party lines. Later, the pressure exercised gradually by the separatist movement and the increasing desire of Quebeckers to have more freedom and be masters in their own house led to the Quiet Revolution whose leaders finally asked for a special status. If polls are any indication, it is towards this last approach that a majority of Quebeckers are looking to solve the constitutional question. On the other hand, the right of peoples to self-determination has acquired a wide measure of international recognition since Durham's report which is a far cry from Professor Brossard's recent « report » on the subject as it applies to Quebec, written under the aegis of the Centre de recherche en Droit public of the law faculty of the Université de Montréal. As things now stand, the next step in the determination of Quebec's right to self-government is in the hands of Quebeckers at the forthcoming referendum.

The genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 is revised, a generic diagnosis is given and an identification key to eight species groups is provided. Olios in its revised sense includes 87 species and is distributed in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. Three species groups are revised in this first part, an identification key to species for each group is provided, five new species are described and all included species are illustrated. The Olios argelasius-group includes O. argelasius Walckenaer, 1806, O. canariensis (Lucas, 1838), O. pictus (Simon, 1885), O. fasciculatus Simon, 1880 and O. kunzi spec. nov. (male, female; Namibia, Zambia, South Africa); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, northern Africa including Canary Islands, in the Middle East, South Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa. The Olios coenobitus-group includes O. angolensis spec. nov. (male; Angola), O. coenobitus Fage, 1926, O. denticulus spec. nov. (male; Java), O. erraticus Fage, 1926, O. gambiensis spec. nov. (male, female; Gambia), O. milleti (Pocock, 1901b), O. mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) and O. pusillus Simon, 1880; it is distributed in Africa (Gambia, Angola, Tanzania, Madagascar) and Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia: Java). The Olios auricomis-group includes only O. auricomis (Simon, 1880), distributed in Africa south of 10°N. Other species groups are introduced briefly and will be revised in forthcoming revisions. The Olios correvoni-group includes currently O. claviger (Pocock, 1901a), O. correvoni Lessert, 1921, O. correvoni choupangensis Lessert, 1936, O. darlingi (Pocock, 1901a), O. faesi Lessert, 1933, O. freyi Lessert, 1929, O. kassenjicola Strand, 1916b, O. kruegeri (Simon, 1897a), O. quadrispilotus (Simon, 1880) comb. nov., O. lucieni comb. nov. nom. nov., O. sjostedti Lessert, 1921 and O. triarmatus Lessert, 1936; it is distributed in Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania incl. Zanzibar, Angola, Congo, Central Africa, South Africa, Botswana; O. darlingi was recorded from Zimbabwe and Botswana and not from South Africa). The Olios rossettii-group includes: O. baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger & Ono, 2000, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947b) comb. nov., O. longipes (Simon, 1884b), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901b), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901b), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897d), O. tener (Thorell, 1891) and O. tiantongensis (Zhang & Kim, 1996); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, in Africa (especially eastern half) and Asia (Middle East and Central Asia to Japan, Philippines and Java). The Olios nentwigi-group includes O. diao Jäger, 2012, O. digitatus Sun, Li & Zhang, 2011, O. jaenicke Jäger, 2012, O. muang Jäger, 2012, O. nanningensis (Hu & Ru, 1988), O. nentwigi spec. nov. (male, female; Indonesia: Krakatau), O. perezi Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. scalptor Jäger & Ono, 2001 and O. suung Jäger, 2012; it is distributed in Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines), Papua New Guinea and Mariana Islands. Olios diao is newly recorded from Cambodia and Champasak Province in Laos. The Olios stimulator-group includes O. admiratus (Pocock, 1901b), O. hampsoni (Pocock, 1901b), O. lamarcki (Latreille, 1806) and O. stimulator Simon, 1897c; it is distributed in Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles), Middle East and South Asia (United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka). The Olios hirtus-group includes O. bungarensis Strand, 1913b, O. debalae (Biswas & Roy, 2005), O. ferox (Thorell, 1892), O. hirtus (Karsch, 1879a), O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. menghaiensis (Wang & Zhang, 1990), O. nigrifrons (Simon, 1897b), O. punctipes Simon, 1884a, O. punctipes sordidatus (Thorell, 1895), O. pyrozonis (Pocock, 1901b), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. taprobanicus Strand, 1913b and O. tikaderi Kundu et al., 1999; it is distributed in South, East and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines). Nineteen synonyms are recognised: Nisueta Simon, 1880, Nonianus Simon, 1885, both = Olios syn. nov.; O. spenceri Pocock, 1896, O. werneri (Simon, 1906a), O. albertius Strand, 1913a, O. banananus Strand, 1916a, O. aristophanei Lessert, 1936, all = O. fasciculatus; O. subpusillus Strand, 1907c = O. pusillus; O. schonlandi (Pocock, 1900b), O. rufilatus Pocock, 1900c, O. chiracanthiformis Strand, 1906, O. ituricus Strand, 1913a, O. isongonis Strand, 1915, O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. pacifer Lessert, 1921, all = O. auricomis; Olios sanguinifrons (Simon, 1906b) = O. rossettii Leardi, 1901; O. phipsoni (Pocock, 1899), Sparassus iranii (Pocock, 1901b), both = O. stimulator; O. fuligineus (Pocock, 1901b) = O. hampsoni. Nine species are transferred to Olios: O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. pictus comb. nov., O. unilateralis (Strand, 1908b) comb. nov. (all three from Nonianus), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. quadrispilotus comb. nov., O. similis (Berland, 1922) comb. nov. (all four from Nisueta), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. (both from Isopeda L. Koch 1875). Olios lucieni nom. nov. comb. nov. is proposed for Nisueta similis Berland, 1922, which becomes a secondary homonym. The male of O. quadrispilotus comb. nov. is described for the first time. Sixteen species are currently without affiliation to one of the eight species groups: O. acolastus (Thorell, 1890), O. alluaudi Simon, 1887a, O. batesi (Pocock, 1900c), O. bhavnagarensis Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898b), O. durlaviae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2005, O. gentilis (Karsch, 1879b), O. gravelyi Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. greeni (Pocock, 1901b), O. inaequipes (Simon 1890), O. punjabensis Dyal, 1935, O. ruwenzoricus Strand, 1913a, O. senilis Simon, 1880, O. somalicus Caporiacco, 1940, O. wroughtoni (Simon, 1897c) and O. zulu Simon, 1880. Five of these species are illustrated in order to allow identification of the opposite (male) sex and to settle their systematic placement. Thirty-seven species are considered nomina dubia, mostly because they were described from immatures, three of them are illustrated: O. abnormis (Blackwall, 1866), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. africanus (Karsch, 1878), O. amanensis Strand, 1907a, O. annandalei (Simon, 1901), O. bivittatus Roewer, 1951, O. ceylonicus (Leardi, 1902), O. conspersipes (Thorell, 1899), Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., O. detritus (C.L. Koch, 1845), O. digitalis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, O. exterritorialis Strand, 1907b, O. flavovittatus (Caporiacco, 1935), O. fugax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), O. guineibius Strand, 1911c, O. guttipes (Simon, 1897a), O. kiranae Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. longespinus Caporiacco, 1947b, O. maculinotatus Strand, 1909, O. morbillosus (MacLeay, 1827), O. occidentalis (Karsch, 1879b), O. ornatus (Thorell, 1877), O. pagurus Walckenaer, 1837, O. patagiatus (Simon, 1897b), O. praecinctus (L. Koch, 1865), O. provocator Walckenaer, 1837, O. quesitio Moradmand, 2013, O. quinquelineatus Taczanowski, 1872, O. sexpunctatus Caporiacco, 1947a, Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., O. socotranus (Pocock, 1903), O. striatus (Blackwall, 1867), O. timidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., O. vittifemur Strand, 1916b, O. wolfi Strand, 1911a and O. zebra (Thorell, 1881). Eighty-nine species are misplaced in Olios but cannot be affiliated to any of the known genera. They belong to the subfamilies Deleninae Hogg, 1903, Sparassinae Bertkau, 1872 and Palystinae Simon, 1897a, nineteen of them are illustrated: O. acostae Schenkel, 1953, O. actaeon (Pocock, 1898c), O. artemis Hogg, 1915, O. atomarius Simon, 1880, O. attractus Petrunkevitch, 1911, O. auranticus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. benitensis (Pocock, 1900c), O. berlandi Roewer, 1951, O. biarmatus Lessert, 1925, O. canalae Berland, 1924, O. caprinus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. chelifer Lawrence, 1937, O. chubbi Lessert, 1923, O. clarus (Keyserling, 1880), O. coccineiventris (Simon, 1880), O. corallinus Schmidt, 1971, O. crassus Banks, 1909, O. debilipes Mello-Leitão, 1945, O. discolorichelis Caporiacco, 1947a, O. erroneus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890, O. extensus Berland, 1924, O. fasciiventris Simon, 1880 , O. feldmanni Strand, 1915, O. fimbriatus Chrysanthus, 1965, O. flavens Nicolet, 1849, O. fonticola (Pocock, 1902), O. formosus Banks, 1929, O. francoisi (Simon, 1898a), O. fulvithorax Berland, 1924, O. galapagoensis Banks, 1902, O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. giganteus Keyserling, 1884, O. hoplites Caporiacco, 1941, O. humboldtianus Berland, 1924, O. insignifer Chrysanthus, 1965, O. insulanus (Thorell, 1881), O. keyserlingi (Simon, 1880), O. lacticolor Lawrence, 1952, O. lepidus Vellard, 1924, O. longipedatus Roewer, 1951, O. machadoi Lawrence, 1952, O. macroepigynus Soares, 1944, O. maculatus Blackwall, 1862, O. marshalli (Pocock, 1898a), O. mathani (Simon, 1880), O. minensis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. monticola Berland, 1924, O. mutabilis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. mygalinus Doleschall, 1857, O. mygalinus cinctipes Merian, 1911, O. mygalinus nirgripalpis Merian, 1911, O. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924, O. nigristernis (Simon, 1880), O. nigriventris Taczanowski, 1872, O. oberzelleri Kritscher, 1966, O. obscurus (Keyserling, 1880), O. obtusus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, O. orchiticus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. oubatchensis Berland, 1924, O. paraensis (Keyserling, 1880), O. pellucidus (Keyserling, 1880), O. peruvianus Roewer, 1951, O. pictitarsis Simon, 1880, O. plumipes Mello-Leitão, 1937, O. princeps Hogg, 1914, O. pulchripes (Thorell, 1899), O. puniceus (Simon, 1880), O. roeweri Caporiacco, 1955a, O. rubripes Taczanowski, 1872, O. rubriventris (Thorell, 1881), O. rufus Keyserling, 1880, O. sanctivincenti (Simon, 1898b), O. similis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. skwarrae Roewer, 1933, O. spinipalpis (Pocock, 1901a), O. stictopus (Pocock, 1898a), O. strandi Kolosváry, 1934, O. subadultus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. sulphuratus (Thorell, 1899), O. sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1862), O. tamerlani Roewer, 1951, O. tigrinus (Keyserling, 1880), O. trifurcatus (Pocock, 1900c), O. trinitatis Strand, 1916a, O. velox (Simon, 1880), O. ventrosus Nicolet, 1849, O. vitiosus Vellard, 1924 and O. yucatanus Chamberlin, 1925. Seventeen taxa are transferred from Olios to other genera within Sparassidae, eight of them are illustrated: Adcatomus luteus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Eusparassus flavidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. nov., Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., Nolavia audax (Banks, 1909) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis columbiensis (Schmidt, 1971) comb. nov., Nolavia fuhrmanni (Strand, 1914) comb. nov., Nolavia helva (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia stylifer (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., Nolavia valenciae (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov., Nungara cayana (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov., Polybetes bombilius (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) comb. nov., Polybetes fasciatus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Polybetes hyeroglyphicus (Mello-Leitão, 1918) comb. nov. and Prychia paalonga (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. One species is transferred from Olios to the family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887: Clubiona paenuliformis (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov.

Changes to the treatment of Coleoptera family-group names published by Bouchard et al. (2011) are given. These include necessary additions and corrections based on much-appreciated suggestions from our colleagues, as well as our own research. Our ultimate goal is to assemble a complete list of available Coleoptera family-group names published up to the end of 2010 (including information about their spelling, author, year of publication, and type genus). The following 59 available Coleoptera family-group names are based on type genera not included in Bouchard et al. (2011): Prothydrinae Guignot, 1954, Aulonogyrini Ochs, 1953 (Gyrinidae); Pogonostomini Mandl 1954, Merismoderini Wasmann, 1929, †Escheriidae Kolbe, 1880 (Carabidae); Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko & Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Stictocraniini Jakobson, 1914 (Staphylinidae); Cylindrocaulini Zang, 1905, Kaupiolinae Zang, 1905 (Passalidae); Phaeochroinae Kolbe, 1912 (Hybosoridae); Anthypnidae Chalande, 1884 (Glaphyridae); Comophorini Britton, 1957, Comophini Britton, 1978, Chasmidae Streubel, 1846, Mimelidae Theobald, 1882, Rhepsimidae Streubel, 1846, Ometidae Streubel, 1846, Jumnidae Burmeister, 1842, Evambateidae Gistel, 1856 (Scarabaeidae); Protelmidae Jeannel, 1950 (Byrrhoidea); Pseudeucinetini Csiki, 1924 (Limnichidae); Xylotrogidae Schönfeldt, 1887 (Bostrichidae); †Mesernobiinae Engel, 2010, Fabrasiinae Lawrence & Reichardt, 1966 (Ptinidae); Arhinopini Kirejtshuk & Bouchard, 2018 (Nitidulidae); Hypodacninae Dajoz, 1976, Ceuthocera Mannerheim, 1852 (Cerylonidae); Symbiotinae Joy, 1932 (Endomychidae); Cheilomenini Schilder & Schilder, 1928, Veraniini Schilder & Schilder, 1928 (Coccinellidae); Ennearthroninae Chûjô, 1939 (Ciidae); Curtimordini Odnosum, 2010, Mordellochroini Odnosum, 2010 (Mordellidae); Chanopterinae Borchmann, 1915 (Promecheilidae); Heptaphyllini Prudhomme de Borre, 1886, Olocratarii Baudi di Selve, 1875, Opatrinaires Mulsant & Rey, 1853, Telacianae Poey, 1854, Ancylopominae Pascoe, 1871 (Tenebrionidae); Oxycopiini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Eutrypteidae Gistel, 1856 (Mycteridae); Pogonocerinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1985 (Pyrochroidae); Amblyderini Desbrochers des Loges, 1899 (Anthicidae); Trotommideini Pic, 1903 (Scraptiidae); Acmaeopsini Della Beffa, 1915, Trigonarthrini Villiers, 1984, Eunidiini Téocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2010 (Cerambycidae); Macropleini Lopatin, 1977, Stenopodiides Horn, 1883, Microrhopalides Horn, 1883, Colaphidae Siegel, 1866, Lexiphanini Wilcox, 1954 (Chrysomelidae); †Medmetrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010, †Megametrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010 (Nemonychidae); Myrmecinae Tanner, 1966, Tapinotinae Joy, 1932, Acallinae Joy, 1932, Cycloderini Hoffmann, 1950, Sthereini Hatch, 1971 (Curculionidae). The following 21 family-group names, listed as unavailable in Bouchard et al. (2011), are determined to be available: Eohomopterinae Wasmann, 1929 (Carabidae); Prosopocoilini Benesh, 1960, Pseudodorcini Benesh, 1960, Rhyssonotini Benesh, 1960 (Lucanidae); Galbini Beaulieu, 1919 (Eucnemidae); Troglopates Mulsant & Rey, 1867 (Melyridae); Hippodamiini Weise, 1885 (Coccinellidae); Micrositates Mulsant & Rey, 1854, Héliopathaires Mulsant & Rey, 1854 (Tenebrionidae); Hypasclerini Arnett, 1984; Oxaciini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Stilpnonotinae Borchmann, 1936 (Mycteridae); Trogocryptinae Lawrence, 1991 (Salpingidae); Grammopterini Della Beffa, 1915, Aedilinae Perrier, 1893, Anaesthetinae Perrier, 1893 (Cerambycidae); Physonotitae Spaeth, 1942, Octotomides Horn, 1883 (Chrysomelidae); Sympiezopinorum Faust, 1886, Sueinae Murayama, 1959, Eccoptopterini Kalshoven, 1959 (Curculionidae). The following names were proposed as new without reference to family-group names based on the same type genus which had been made available at an earlier date: Dineutini Ochs, 1926 (Gyrinidae); Odonteini Shokhin, 2007 (Geotrupidae); Fornaxini Cobos, 1965 (Eucnemidae); Auletobiina Legalov, 2001 (Attelabidae). The priority of several family-group names, listed as valid in Bouchard et al. (2011), is affected by recent bibliographic discoveries or new nomenclatural interpretations. †Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is treated as permanently invalid and replaced with †Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko & Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Agathidiini Westwood, 1838 is replaced by the older name Anisotomini Horaninow, 1834 (Staphylinidae); Cyrtoscydmini Schaufuss, 1889 is replaced by the older name Stenichnini Fauvel, 1885 (Staphylinidae); Eremazinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977 is treated as unavailable and replaced with Eremazinae Stebnicka, 1977 (Scarabaeidae); Coryphocerina Burmeister, 1842 is replaced by the older name Rhomborhinina Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae); Eudysantina Bouchard, Lawrence, Davies & Newton, 2005 is replaced by the older name Dysantina Gebien, 1922 which is not permanently invalid (Tenebrionidae). The names Macraulacinae/-ini Fleutiaux, 1923 (Eucnemidae), Anamorphinae Strohecker, 1953 (Endomychidae), Pachycnemina Laporte, 1840 (Scarabaeidae), Thaumastodinae Champion, 1924 (Limnichidae), Eudicronychinae Girard, 1971 (Elateridae), Trogoxylini Lesne, 1921 (Bostrichidae), Laemophloeidae Ganglbauer, 1899 (Laemophloeidae); Ancitini Aurivillius, 1917 (Cerambycidae) and Tropiphorini Marseul, 1863 (Curculionidae) are threatened by the discovery of older names; Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) or an application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be necessary to retain usage of the younger synonyms. Reversal of Precedence is used herein to qualify the following family-group names as nomina protecta: Murmidiinae Jacquelin du Val, 1858 (Cerylonidae) and Chalepini Weise, 1910 (Chrysomelidae). The following 17 Coleoptera family-group names (some of which are used as valid) are homonyms of other family-group names in zoology, these cases must be referred to the Commission for a ruling to remove the homonymy: Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968 (Catiniidae); Homopterinae Wasmann, 1920, Glyptini Horn, 1881 (Carabidae); Tychini Raffray, 1904, Ocypodina Hatch, 1957 (Staphylinidae); Gonatinae Kuwert, 1891 (Passalidae); Aplonychidae Burmeister, 1855 (Scarabaeidae); Microchaetini Paulus, 1973 (Byrrhidae); Epiphanini Muona, 1993 (Eucnemidae); Limoniina Jakobson, 1913 (Elateridae); Ichthyurini Champion, 1915 (Cantharidae); Decamerinae Crowson, 1964 (Trogossitidae); Trichodidae Streubel, 1839 (Cleridae); Monocorynini Miyatake, 1988 (Coccinellidae); Gastrophysina Kippenberg, 2010, Chorinini Weise, 1923 (Chrysomelidae); Meconemini Pierce, 1930 (Anthribidae). The following new substitute names are proposed: Phoroschizus (to replace Schizophorus Ponomarenko, 1968) and Phoroschizidae (to replace Schizophoridae Ponomarenko, 1968); Mesostyloides (to replace Mesostylus Faust, 1894) and Mesostyloidini (to replace Mesostylini Reitter, 1913). The following new genus-group name synonyms are proposed [valid names in square brackets]: Plocastes Gistel, 1856 [Aesalus Fabricius, 1801] (Lucanidae); Evambates Gistel, 1856 [Trichius Fabricius, 1775] (Scarabaeidae); Homoeoplastus Gistel, 1856 [Byturus Latreille, 1797] (Byturidae). Two type genera previously treated as preoccupied and invalid, Heteroscelis Latreille, 1828 and Dysantes Pascoe, 1869 (Tenebrionidae), are determined to be senior homonyms based on bibliographical research. While Dysantes is treated as valid here, Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) is used to conserve usage of Anomalipus Guérin-Méneville, 1831 over Heteroscelis.

The main discussion in this paper is to show how Luigi Pirandello (1867- 1936) in The oil jar (1909) describes the different characteristics of Southern Italian agrarian society of 20th century. The protagonist of the story is a rich Italian farmer from Sicily. It is important to see physical description of the characters in the story to form an idea of the personality of the farmers. This paper reveals different aspects of the agricultural Italian society where large number of farmers is not well organized and is exposed to be exploited by rich landlords of village. The artisans are not being appreciated for their work and are under paid. Through the use of comic elements, author reflects the characteristics of materialistic Italian society.

This article investigates the life and career of Norval Hawkins (1867–1936), a successful accountant at Ford Motor Company and author of salesmanship books, but also a convicted embezzler at Standard Oil in 1894. With phenomenal growth at Ford after the1908 introduction of Model T in 1908, the administration of accounting and sales remained under the capable James Couzens. Hawkins was hired to assist Couzens in 1907, but little has been written on his multiple contributions including a cost accounting system, branch accounting, and a unique dealership system. Hawkins also created a popular house publication, the Ford Times , to influence salespeople, customers, and dealers. Ultimately, his style and success irritated company founder Henry Ford, and he was abruptly ousted. Using archival material from The Henry Ford, Hawkins’ years at Ford from 1907-1919 describe the talents of an accountant who overcame public scandal to achieve notable success in the automotive industry.

Abstract T CrB is one of the most-famous and brightest novae known, and is a recurrent nova with prior eruptions in 1866 and 1946 that peak at V = 2.0. I have constructed light curves spanning 1842–2022 with 213,730 magnitudes, where the B and V magnitudes are fully corrected to the Johnson system. These light curves first reveal a unique complex high-state (with 20× higher accretion rate than the normal low-state) stretching from -10 to +9 years after eruption, punctuated with a deep pre-eruption dip (apparently from dust formation in a slow mass ejection) and a unique enigmatic secondary eruption (with 10 per cent of the energy of the primary eruption), with the light curves identical for the 1866 and 1946 eruptions. Starting in 2015, T CrB entered the high-state, like in 1936, so a third eruption in upcoming years has been widely anticipated. With the pre-1946 light curve as a template, I predict a date of 2025.5 ± 1.3 for the upcoming eruption, with the primary uncertainty arising from a possible lengthening of the pre-eruption high-state. I use the large-amplitude ellipsoidal modulation to track the orbital phase of the binary from 1867–2022. I measure that the orbital period increased abruptly by +0.185 ± 0.056 days across the 1946 eruption, the 1947–2022 years had a steady period decrease of (−8.9 ± 1.6) × 10−6 days-per-day, and the 1867–1946 years had a steady period change consistent with zero, at (+1.75 ± 4.5) × 10−6 days-per-day. These large period changes cannot be explained by any published mechanism.

Although initially described as a subgenus of Copris Geoffroy, 1762, Homocopris had long been treated as a junior synonym of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Martínez 1951) until it was reclassified as a distinct genus (Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2010). Herein, we revisit the taxonomy of Homocopris. In doing so: we describe two new species previously considered to represent the Brazilian population of Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822); revalidate Pinotus punctatissimus from synonymy under Homocopris torulosus and place it in Homocopris as had previously been done only informally (González et al. 2015; Rebolledo et al. 2017); recognize two new synonymies; and describe a new genus, Andinocopris gen. nov., which includes two former members of Homocopris. Presently, Homocopris includes four species: H. torulosus, H. punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845) comb. nov., H. grossiorum sp. nov. and H. williami sp. nov. Andinocopris includes A. achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. and A. buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov. Pinotus simulator Luederwaldt, 1936 is here considered a new junior synonym of Andinocopris buckleyi. An identification key to members of both genera is provided as well as images of diagnostic characters for all species. Finally, we discuss the placement of Andinocopris and Homocopris within Scarabaeinae and propose a new tribe, Homocoprini tribe nov., to include both genera.