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Дисертації з теми "170299 Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified"
Woodman, Karen. "A study of linguistic, perceptual and pedagogical change in a short-term intensive language program." Thesis, University of Victoria, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102184/1/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupW%24_woodmank_Desktop_PhDthesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGreen, Mike. "The days of our lives: deep acting, surface acting and actors' health : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1068.
Повний текст джерела(9182093), Elizabeth A. Wiemers. "TITRATING COGNITIVE CONTROL: TRIAL-LEVEL DYNAMIC USE OF PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE COGNITIVE CONTROL." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаCognitive control is accomplished by a set of higher-order cognitive processes that are recruited to aid in the completion of various tasks. A popular proposed mechanism is the Dual Mechanisms of Control (Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007), proposing proactive and reactive mechanisms. While neuroscience studies provide evidence that these are two distinct processes, it remains unclear whether the processes are competing, or whether they can be used together. That is, are the two processes able to both be enacted to some degree? Further, whether these mechanisms can be titrated to produce a gradient-like use of control on a trial-level basis is unknown. These are the two primary pursuits of this dissertation. Experiment 1 shows the titrated pattern of control use, indicating (a) sensitivity to task demands, and (b) dynamic use of proactive and reactive control at the trial level, in a new task. Further, a novel contribution is the observation of ability to titrate the use of control. Additional experiments relate performance on this task to working memory (Experiment 2), replicate the findings in an online format (Experiment 3), and differentiate performance from distance effects commonly seen in relative judgment tasks (Experiment 4). This work has implications for the understanding of how cognitive control functions and how dynamically the use of these mechanisms can be adjusted.
(10711986), Michelle E. Coverdale. "The Effect of Choice on Memory and Value for Consumer Products." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(6996329), Garrett M. O'Day. "Improving Problem Solving with Retrieval-Based Learning." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаRecent research asserts that the mnemonic benefits gained from retrieval-based learning vanish for complex materials. Subsequently, it is recommended that students study worked examples when learning about complex, problem-centered tasks. The experiments that have evaluated the effectiveness of studying worked examples tend to overlook the mental processing that students engage in when completing retrieval-based learning activities. In contrast, theories of transfer-appropriate processing emphasize the importance of compatibility between the cognitive processing required by the test and the cognitive processing that is activated during learning. For learners to achieve optimal test performance, according to transfer-appropriate processing, they need to study in such a way that they are engaging in the same mental processing that will be required of them when tested. This idea was used to generate testable predictions that compete against the claim that the retrieval practice effect disappears for complex materials, and these competing predictions were evaluated in three experiments that required students to learn about the Poisson probability distribution.
In Experiment 1, students learned the general procedure for how to solve these problems by either repeatedly recalling the procedural steps or by simply studying them. The retrieval practice condition produced better memory for the procedure on an immediate test compared to the study only condition. In Experiment 2, students engaged in the same learning activities as Experiment 1, but the test focused on their problem- solving ability. Students who practiced retrieval of the procedural steps experienced no benefit on the problem-solving test compared to the study only condition. In Experiment 3, students learned to solve Poisson probability problems by studying four worked examples, by studying one worked example and solving three practice problems, or by studying one worked example and solving three practice problems with feedback. Students were tested on their problem-solving ability one week later. The problem- solving learning activities outperformed the worked example condition on the final problem-solving test. Taken together, the results demonstrate a pronounced retrieval practice effect but only when the retrieval-based learning activities necessitated the same mental processing that was required during the final assessment, providing support for the transfer-appropriate processing account.
(6619100), Edward A. Christopher. "Using Pupillometry to Observe Covert Mental Activity during Prospective Memory Tasks." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела11
complete their prospective memory intention, and that at other times, individuals will reduce or discontinue monitoring activity until some cue brings the prospective memory intention back into mind. Consistent with such an account, individual differences in working memory were positively associated with pupil size only when the prospective memory task afforded monitoring. This was in line with recent research implicating the working memory system in facilitating active monitoring during certain prospective memory contexts. Finally, the current set of experiments demonstrated the utility of pupillometric methods for measuring active monitoring in a prospective memory scenario.
(11186220), Julianna Gesun. "Beyond Surviving: Developing and Testing a Model of Thriving for Engineering Students." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(7525319), Megan M. Nyre-Yu. "Determining System Requirements for Human-Machine Integration in Cyber Security Incident Response." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(5929727), Zainab M. Hasan. "Characterization of bone aluminum, a potential biomarker of cumulative exposure, and the association between olfactory and cognitive function tests with aluminum biomarkers in an occupationally exposed population." 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAluminum (Al) is the third most abundant metal on the earth’s surface. An association of Al with Alzheimer’s disease has been suggested, but, given limited human evidence, is controversial. It is possible that exploration of long-term, or cumulative, exposure to Al will help clarify this debate. Therefore, our study hypothesis was that occupational exposure to Al, particularly long-term exposure, is associated with adverse cognitive and olfactory outcomes.
Biomarkers are important tools in epidemiologic research; however, the reliability and quality of various biomarkers may vary. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we reviewed current evidence on Al biomarkers with the goal to synthesize current understanding regarding their utility for use in research. Our review evaluated 78 papers which discussed various biomarkers of Al exposure. Limited evidence is currently available for Al in nails, hair, breastmilk, saliva and semen. Although they have more daily variation than other biomarkers, blood Al concentrations may differentiate between exposed and non-exposed groups. Unlike blood Al, Al concentrations in both urine and bone are not subject to daily fluctuations. Bone Al appears able to quantify long term Al exposure. Therefore, the use of in vivoneutron activation analysis (IVNAA), a novel bone biomarker, can potentially represent cumulative Al exposure.
In Chapter 3, we evaluated the hypothesis that the correlation between bone and CEI measurements will be higher than the correlation between bone with fingernail. A cross-sectional cohort of 61 ferroalloy and manufacturing factory workers from Zunyi, China were used in this secondary analysis. Correlations of bone Al with other Al measures (fingernail and cumulative exposure index (CEI)) were assessed for 43 of the factory workers who had bone Al samples. Fingernail samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bone measurements were taken with a compact IVNAA developed by our research team. CEI was calculated as CEIi=, where Ciis estimated Al exposure based on job title (low/medium/high) and Yiis the years employed. The CEI was calculated for the prior 5, 10, 15, 20 years and lifetime work history. Median Al values were: 34.4 mg/g (IQR=46) fingernail; 15 mg/g (IQR=28) bone; and 26 (IQR=21) total CEI. Adjusting for age and education, the linear regression model suggests that bone Al is reflective of 15 years of exposure based off the significant association between bone Al and 15-year CEI (b=0.91, p<0.02). Other models with CEI were not statistically significant.
In Chapter 4, we evaluated the association between bone, CEI and fingernail Al measurements with olfactory and cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive and olfactory function was compared with bone Al (N=43), fingernail Al (FnAl) (N=56), 5 year Al CEI and lifetime Al CEI (N=61) measurements. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and cognitive function was assessed with the WHO/UCLA Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Verbal fluency was assessed using Fruit Naming and Animal Naming. Additional variables were assessed via questionnaire. Linear regression models, adjusted for age, education, current alcohol consumption and current smoking status, showed a significant association between higher BnAl and higher recall on the AVLT interference list (b=0.04, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.01, 0.08) and higher 5-year CEI with higher recall on the fifth AVLT trial (b=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.45, -0.01). No significant association between FnAl and lifetime CEI with olfactory and cognitive function was observed.
In Chapter 5, we explored the potential for interactions of Al with another metal to impact the potential association of Al with cognitive and olfactory function. Interaction models used the natural log of fingernail Al with each of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) for the 56 male workers. The linear regression models controlled for age, education current alcohol consumption, current smoking status, and all five fingernail metals. Higher ln(FnMn) was associated with lower recall for several AVLT trials. The interaction term for ln(FnAl) and ln(FnZn) was significantly associated with AVLT Trial 1 (β= 1.99, 95% CI=0.07, 3.93), AVLT Trial 5 (β= 2.71, 95% CI= 0.02, 5.41) and AVLT average (β=2.11, 95% CI=0.01, 4.21).
Overall, this research presents valuable information regarding noninvasive, in vivoassessment of BnAl and its relationship with other Al biomarkers and measures of cognitive function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to use INVAA BnAl measurements to quantify long-term aluminum exposures within an occupational population, the first to compare BnAl with an estimate of cumulative Al exposure. Additionally, we are not aware of prior studies which have examined the interaction of fingernail metals, including Al, with olfactory and cognitive tests. Our results suggest BnAl is significantly associated with the prior 15-years of Al exposure and that IVNAA to assess BnAl can be used in field epidemiology studies. For our study, there was limited evidence of an association of BnAl and 5-year CEI with cognitive function. Most comparisons did not show any evidence of an association of Al with cognitive or olfactory function, but a statistically significant interaction between Al and Zn with some measures of cognitive function was observed. It is recommended that our findings be confirmed with larger studies.(9756986), Shubham Agrawal. "Understanding the Cognitive and Psychological Impacts of Emerging Technologies on Driver Decision-Making Using Physiological Data." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаEmerging technologies such as real-time travel information systems and automated vehicles (AVs) have profound impacts on driver decision-making behavior. While they generally have positive impacts by enabling drivers to make more informed decisions or by reducing their driving effort, there are several concerns related to inadequate consideration of cognitive and psychological aspects in their design. In this context, this dissertation analyzes different aspects of driver cognition and psychology that arise from drivers’ interactions with these technologies using physiological data collected in two sets of driving simulator experiments.
This research analyzes the latent cognitive and psychological effects of real-time travel information using electroencephalogram (EEG) data measured in the first set of driving simulator experiments. Using insights from the previous analysis, a hybrid route choice modeling framework is proposed that incorporates the impacts of the latent information-induced cognitive and psychological effects along with other explanatory variables that can be measured directly (i.e., route characteristics, information characteristics, driver attributes, and situational factors) on drivers’ route choice decisions. EEG data is analyzed to extract two latent cognitive variables that capture the driver’s cognitive effort during and immediately after the information provision, and cognitive inattention before implementing the route choice decision.
Several safety concerns emerge for the transition of control from the automated driving system to a human driver after the vehicle issues a takeover warning under conditional vehicle automation (SAE Level 3). In this context, this study investigates the impacts of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state on takeover performance (i.e., driving performance while resuming manual control) using EEG data measured in the second set of driving simulator experiments. However, there is no comprehensive metric available in the literature that could be used to benchmark the role of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state on takeover performance, as most existing studies ignore the interdependencies between the associated driving performance indicators by analyzing them independently. This study proposes a novel comprehensive takeover performance metric, Takeover Performance Index (TOPI), that combines multiple driving performance indicators representing different aspects of takeover performance.
Acknowledging the practical limitations of EEG data to have real-world applications, this dissertation evaluates the driver’s situational awareness (SA) and mental stress using eye-tracking and heart rate measures, respectively, that can be obtained from in-vehicle driver monitoring systems in real-time. The differences in SA and mental stress over time, their correlations, and their impacts on the TOPI are analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of using eye-tracking and heart rate measures for estimating the overall takeover performance in conditionally AVs.
The study findings can assist information service providers and auto manufacturers to incorporate driver cognition and psychology in designing safer real-time information and their delivery systems. They can also aid traffic operators to incorporate cognitive aspects while devising strategies for designing and disseminating real-time travel information to influence drivers’ route choices. Further, the study findings provide valuable insights to design operating and licensing strategies, and regulations for conditionally automated vehicles. They can also assist auto manufacturers in designing integrated in-vehicle driver monitoring and warning systems that enhance road safety and user experience.