Дисертації: "[100] orientation"

1

Ropstad, Kristin. "The singularity of the affective body : incorporation and orientation in the French phenomenological reception of Husserl." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29343.

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Classical phenomenology operates with an ultimately reductive account of cognition, insofar as the focus remains with the rationality of a thought in supposed adequation to itself and the essential generalities ultimately referable to it. This thesis takes up the question of the missing aspect in classical phenomenology’s inadequate account of cognition and genesis. It does so by engaging with a specific response to classical phenomenology according to the work of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Henry and Emmanuel Levinas’s and Jacques Derrida’s reading of Husserl. The thesis addresses these writers in the capacity that their work comes together in a particular approach to embodiment or corporeality, which identifies the aporias that inform the determinations and theoretical assumptions of classical phenomenology. To this extent their work represents a singular French response to Husserl, operating close to the phenomenological discourse. Bringing together these approaches to embodiment sheds light on the manner in which classical phenomenology operates with a reductive account of language and signification and allows me to ask the question of immanent genesis. The re-orientation of certain premises of classical phenomenology undermines some of its central tenets and thematisation. The re-orientation demonstrates that a tradition of thought, culminating in classical phenomenology, operates according to a certain forgetfulness of the subjective body, of sensibility or the body in thought, which prevents an adequate account of genesis and language/signification. This thesis argues that these specific approaches to embodiment and language provide an adequate notion of immanent genesis. The thesis concludes with a consideration of the art of Henri Michaux, and argues that this specific reception of classical phenomenology develops an understanding of genesis that is crucial to understanding this work.

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2

Camplin, John Patrick. "The orientation and structure of adsorbates on the (100) planes of Cu and Pd." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298325.

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3

Daughton, David. "Electronic structure dependence on molecular orientation: a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy study of C60 on Cu(100)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291191115.

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4

Floridi, Luciano. "The search for knowledge : from desire to defence : hypothesis for the introduction of a Peirceisch interpretation of the genetic principle of the process of knowing as a fundamental orientation for a future gnoseology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57160/.

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The aim of the thesis is to defend the hypothesis that an anti- Aristotelian interpretation of the genesis of the process of knowing provides an interesting and fruitful means to understand the human never-ending search for knowledge and to answer doubts concerning the reliability of human knowledge of external reality. Such statement requires an explanation.

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5

Haarig, Frederik. "Patientenorientierung in der Versorgung von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-215918.

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Hintergrund: Die Behandlung von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen stellt seit Jahrzehnten ein sowohl bedeutsames Versorgungssegment als auch Forschungsgebiet dar. Die im Gesundheitswesen in den letzten 20 Jahren aufkommende Haltung hin zu einer stärkeren Patientenorientierung rückt Patienten als Nutzer von Leistungen der Gesundheitsversorgung und „Experten in eigener Sache“ in den Mittelpunkt des Geschehens (Coulter & Magee, 2003). Damit wird den expertenbasierten Therapieleitlinien ein wichtiger Akteur, der Betroffene selbst, gegenübergestellt. Die Entwicklung bisheriger Leitlinien fußt auf der Beurteilung der methodischen Studienqualität sowie relevanter Therapieoutcomes, die ausschließlich von Experten vorgenommen wird. Patienteneinschätzungen werden dabei bisweilen nicht integriert, obwohl gerade durch der Einbezug von Präferenzen, Vorstellungen und Wünschen der Patienten eine wesentliche Grundlage für optimale klinische Therapieentscheidungen darstellt (Haynes, Devereaux & Guyatt, 2002). Eine verstärkt patientenorientierte Haltung hätte damit Auswirkungen auf a) die klinische Versorgungspraxis und b) die Forschung. Der Weg einer gleichberechtigten Kommunikation und gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung von Behandler und Patient über Behandlungsstrategien und die Auswahl von Therapieoptionen verbessert potentiell Compliance, Selbstmanagement und Zufriedenheit der Patienten. Fragestellungen: Die vorliegende kumulative Promotionsarbeit (drei peer-reviewed Publikationen) setzt den Kerngedanken der Patientenorientierung um, indem Methoden zur patientenorientierten Forschung erprobt, durchgeführt und hinsichtlich ihrer Nützlichkeit diskutiert sowie empirische Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung von Patientenpräferenzen in der Gesundheitsversorgung beigesteuert werden. Drei Fragestellungen stehen dabei im Fokus: 1) Wie gut lassen sich Conjoint-Analysen zur patientenorientierten Forschung im Rahmen der Versorgung von psychischen Störungen einsetzen (Beitrag I)? 2) Welche Therapieziele sind bipolar Betroffenen in der Behandlung bipolarer Störungen besonders wichtig (Beitrag II)? 3) Kann mithilfe eines komprimierten achtsamkeitsorientierten Verfahrens ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Versorgung der Allgemeinbevölkerung sowie zur Überbrückung langer Wartezeiten auf eine ambulante Psychotherapie geleistet werden (Beitrag III)? Methode: Die methodische Umsetzung einer patientenorientierten Forschung wird anhand des Beispiels der Conjoint-Analyse zur Messung von Patientenpräferenzen für spezifische Therapieziele dargestellt. Die inhaltlichen Beiträge setzen sich aus zwei Studien zur Behandlung einer schweren chronischen psychischen Erkrankung (bipolare Störung) und einer Untersuchung zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit (Stressbewältigung, Depressivität, Lebensqualität) im Beratungssetting zusammen. Ergebnisse: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zum einen mit der Conjoint-Analyse einen innovativen Ansatz zur Messung von Patientenpräferenzen zu Therapiezielen im Rahmen der Versorgung psychischer Störungen dar (patientenorientierte Forschung). Dazu werden bisherige conjoint-analytische Untersuchungen mittels formaler, methodischer und inhaltlicher Merkmale systematisiert und hinsichtlich Nützlichkeit sowie möglichen Grenzen diskutiert. Zum zweiten liefert die Arbeit Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der von Patienten eingeschätzten Relevanz und Präferenz von Therapiezielen in der Behandlung bipolarer Störungen. Dabei wird ausgewiesen, worin Unterschiede in den Einschätzungen bestehen und diskutiert, welche Relevanz sich für die Versorgung von Menschen mit bipolaren Störungen ergibt. Zum dritten werden Effekte (Verbesserung der Stressbewältigung, Verringerung der Depressivität, Steigerung der Lebensqualität) eines im Rahmen der psychosozialen Beratungsstelle der TU Chemnitz angewandten achtsamkeitsorientierten Stresstrainings (AST) dargestellt. Die mit einer achtsameren Haltung von Trainingsteilnehmern einhergehenden verbesserten Werte bezüglich Stressverarbeitung, Depressivität und Lebensqualität (patientennaher Endpunkt) deuten auf das Potential von AST hin, als niedrigschwelliges Angebot der psychosozialen Beratung bestehende Versorgungsangebote (Überbrückung von Therapiewartezeit) zu ergänzen. AST stellt einen Ansatz zur patientenorientierteren Ausrichtung von Wartezeitüberbrückung dar, da objektiv sehr lange Wartezeiten auf einen Psychotherapieplatz bestehen und Patienten selbst darin Versorgungsbarrieren sehen. Eine Überbrückung würde Patienten entlasten und psychische Gesundheit bereits vor dem Beginn der Psychotherapie stabilisieren. Diskussion: Patientenorientierte Forschung liefert Beiträge zur Ergänzung bisheriger Erkenntnisse in der Versorgung von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Vorstellungen und Wünsche von Betroffenen nicht immer deckungsgleich mit Expertensichtweisen sind und im Rahmen von Prozessen des Shared Decision Makings Beachtung finden sollten, um eine individuell ausgerichtete Behandlung zu erzielen. Die Conjoint-Analyse als methodischer Ansatz zur Messung von Patientenpräferenzen weist sowohl Nutzen (hohe interne Validität der Messungen) als auch Grenzen auf (geringe externe Validität). Um eine möglichst hohe Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu gewährleisten, ist notwendig, die untersuchten Zieldimensionen a priori nach klinischer Praxistauglichkeit auszuwählen. Patientenorientierte Forschung ermöglicht eine gemeinschaftlichere Basis sowohl auf Mikro- (Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation) als auch auf Mesoebene (patientennähere Leitlinien).

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6

Mason, Katy J. "Market orientation and vertical de-integration : creating customer and company value." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1300/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between a firm's supply chain and a firm's degree of market orientation and economic performance. The results suggest that certain types of supply chain design - in particular those models that make for close links with the firm's customers - lead to superior marketing and shareholder value. Two sets of environmental forces have been particularly influential in reshaping supply chains over recent years. One is the enormous growth in production capacity, especially in the Far East, which has lead to more industries operating with excess capacity. Production skills and resources were once seen as at the heart of a firm's core capabilities and the source of its competitive advantage. Today, in more and more sectors, the key skill is marketing - creating customer preference in oversupplied markets through branding and customer relationship management. Downstream activities in the supply chain have risen in prominence compared to upstream activities. The second change has been the information revolution brought about by the computer and the Internet. This has lowered the transaction costs of integrating the activities performed by the different businesses constituting a supply chain and made it increasingly attractive to achieve control without ownership. Supply chains can now become networks integrated through seamless in formation exchanges We explore these changes at the microeconomic level. The research draws upon the existing literature and on primary data including exploratory interviews, main-study in-depth interviews and survey data. Matched pair samples of 20 high performance and 20 low performance business units based in the UK provided the main body of data results. Data analysis involved four distinct phases; within case analysis and cross case analysis for the qualitative data collected; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify dimensions of influence as a method of integration; discriminant analysis and Lambda to investigate the association between supply chain configuration typologies, market orientation and business performance. Two major contributions stem from this research. First, the interdisciplinary domain for supply chain configuration can be established. Whereas traditionally competitive advantage has been built through a focus on operations efficiency - streamlining processes to reduce cost, today increased communications, global markets and the speed at which Internet technologies are developing, demand and facilitate an additional perspective for supply chain management - the effectiveness perspective. The concept of effectiveness brings the subject of supply chain management from the sphere of operations management into the domain of marketing strategy. From this perspective the building, maintenance and management of customer relationships becomes central to the supply chain configuration. Highly efficient production processes, where fiercely protected technical know-how enables the delivery of superior quality products, no longer acts as a sustainable source of competitive advantage. To achieve this, firms must focus on two principle activities: building brand value and carefully fostering relationships with key customers. For firms positioned upstream in the supply chain, building a strong brand identity offers potentially a means to integrate downstream with both customers and consumers. The second contribution comes from the association of supply chain configuration with other variables. Our results show a relationship between market orientation, business performance and supply chain configuration. We conclude that companies are beginning to recognise opportunities that arise from using technology and information to blur traditional boundaries between suppliers, manufacturers and end users. We discuss how technology enables co-ordination across company boundaries to achieve new levels of efficiency and effectiveness, as well as extraordinary returns to investors. For example, a company, its suppliers, and even its customers might begin to share information and activities to speed the design of a product and raise the likelihood of its success in the marketplace. This should enable suppliers to begin developing components before the overall product design is complete, providing vital timely feedback regarding component specification, cost and time objectives. Equally, customers are able to review a product as it evolves and provide input on how it meets their needs. Managers must concern themselves with the design stages of the product and facilitate knowledge and information flows through the entire supply chain. Business seems to be on the threshold of a new era of inter-firm relationships. Supply chain customers sharing the same suppliers are able to provide leadership, encouraging shared distribution systems and payment/ordering systems. Over capacity in firms forces such considerations. Collaborative approaches can drive down costs and ultimately offer improved services for consumers, making available the goods they want, where and when they want them. But this configuration of an interconnected, interdependent supply network requires much more openness. Interfirm boundaries must become almost invisible. Trust, commitment, open communication and information sharing must permeate the culture of partnering firms. The sharing of real time customer information both within and between firms facilitates the reduction of inventory and increases speed to market, reducing risk and increasing cost savings. Customer information provides a sound basis for segmenting markets, allowing the understanding of customer needs to develop in a deeper way. This customer closeness gives access to information critical in aiding accurate forecasting which is central to the elimination of unnecessary costs and enabling firms to dramatically extend the value they deliver to customers thus creating competitive advantage. Shrinking the time and the resources it takes to meet customers' needs in a world where those needs are constantly changing is the challenge. As Wayne Gretzky, the famous hockey player explained, "the key to winning is getting first to where the puck is going next". The same could be said about succeeding in business. Listening to customers and then using and sharing this most valuable information resource throughout the supply chain will be the key.

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7

Lehning, Emily M. "Impact of an extended orientation program on academic performance and retention." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1030.

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8

Dinsmore, Kimberly. "Factor and Cluster Analysis of Learning Orientation Questionnaire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/103.

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The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a 25-item questionnaire on learning orientation in a nursing educational program. The questionnaire is a standardized instrument used in industry and universities but this is the first time its psychometric properties were assessed in a nursing students. Learning orientation is a vital aspect that includes elements such as: desire to learn, an outreaching toward the goal, and seriousness in using instructional resources provided. Four hundred and seventy-two undergraduate nursing students at the first semester junior level completed the Learning Orientation Questionnaire online. The data were imported into an R language processor (Version 3.3.1) for plotting and statistical analysis. This first step was manual extraction to identify correlations between items and group them into categories using cluster analysis. Six categories were formed: learning interest, ambitious goals, instructor, achievement of goals, and lone survivor. The second step was the automatic extraction of factors with functions in the R language. The items were grouped into four factors rather than six. The automatic extraction combined the factors learning interest and ambitious goals together and removed the lone survivor factor. The lone survivor factor contained one question (q24) with a low eigenvalue of (0.3). This question was deemed both minor and irrelevant to the topic of the questionnaire and therefore is proposed to be removed. The result of the factor and cluster analyses in nursing students was compared to that of a previous study (Martinez, 2005) that used a heterogeneous sample of both high school and university students of many different majors. The differences in the results were substantial. First, Martinez (2005) found three extracted factors in her research in comparison to the current research of four factors. Moreover, the previous study grouped our main two factors into a single factor, which means that the factors for learning interest, ambitious goals, and instructor influence were a single factor in the previous study. The eigenvalues were almost identical to the current research, yet the factors did not correspond. Another major difference between the two studies is that in the previous study’s second factor called “learning independence or autonomy” did not correlate with the description of the factor. The author explains the factor as growing to learn independently by finding the motivation from within. Yet, the questions selected in the factor solemnly incorporate the instructor as a resource of learning. In this study, the factor was placed in a separate category and was labeled “instructor influenced” based on the fact that it heavily relied on the demand of an instructor. The conclusions are: (1) The factors extracted in nursing students in the present study do not correspond closely to those of the sample used by Martinez (2005) and this might be explained by the greater focus on applied practice in nursing education. (2) The current questionnaire could be reduced in size to 8 questions while maintaining strong measurement quality.

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9

Dempsey, Danielle. "Envisioning Queer Culture: Toward a Theological Framework for Reimagining Sexuality and Sexual Orientation." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2014. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/140.

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In this thesis, I argue that the both the Church and the Queer Community will benefit from a reexamination of Church teachings on sexuality. I argue that Church’s current position on sexuality does not uphold its own teaching on the importance human dignity, because a sexual ethic that opposes homosexuality contributes to the marginalization of members of the Queer Community. I then argue that Michael Lawler’s and Todd Salzman’s The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology provides a revisionist theory on sexual ethics that is inclusive of same-sex couples while also paying deference to the fundamental elements of the Church’s teaching on sexual ethics. Having suggested that a revisionist sexual ethic such as Salzman’s and Lawler’s serves as a cohesive response to the Church’s existing position on sexuality, I appeal to Elizabeth Johnson’s framework in Quest for the Living God: Mapping Frontiers in the Theology of God. Johnson argues that individuals who experience marginalization are an asset to the Christian Church because they offer unique insights into God. I propose that instead of approaching homosexuality solely in terms of ethics, Johnson’s framework allows us to regard members of the Queer Community in terms of the contributions they have to offer the Church. Finally, I employ David Tracy’s methodology in Blessed Rage for Order: The New Pluralism in Theology and propose that in light of postmodernity, we ought to use a pluralistic model when approaching a multiplicity of belief systems as well as when approaching the multi-faceted nature of sexuality. I conclude that in doing so both the Church and the Queer Community will benefit from the Queer Community’s full and open participation within the Catholic Church.

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10

Altier, Heather, Morgan K. Treaster, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Positive Future Time Perspective, PTSD, and Insomnia in Veterans: Do Anger and Shame Keep You Awake?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/107.

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There is heightened risk for physical and mental health concerns among U.S. veterans. For instance, 26% of veterans experience insomnia (i.e., chronic difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep), compared to 15% of the general population. This may be due, in part, to the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as veterans are twice as likely to be diagnosed with PTSD. Rumination or flashbacks focused on traumatic events (e.g., witnessing death) may contribute to problems with the onset and quality of sleep. However, not all veterans experience insomnia or PTSD symptoms, perhaps due to a positive future orientation (FO). Adaptive, goal-directed thinking may lessen risk for rumination about past actions or experiences (e.g., combat exposure), with consequent beneficial effects on sleep quality. Yet, to the extent that other negative emotions remain in the presence of FO, potential benefits may be thwarted. Specifically, feelings of shame (i.e., judging self as intolerable or defective) or anger may arise from discrepancies between military actions taken or witnessed and one’s moral beliefs. In turn, this may limit future-oriented coping abilities, with negative implications for PTSD symptoms and insomnia. At the bivariate level, we hypothesized that PTSD symptoms, insomnia, shame, and anger would be positively related, and that these variables would be negatively related to FO. At the multivariate level, we hypothesized that PTSD symptoms would mediate the relation between FO and insomnia, such that greater FO would be associated with fewer PTSD symptoms and, in turn, to fewer insomnia symptoms. Further, we hypothesized that shame and anger would moderate these linkages, reducing beneficial effects and exacerbating risk. Our sample of U.S. veterans (n=551) was recruited online from national organizations and social media groups and was primarily white (n=469; 85.1%) and male (n=382; 69.3%). Participants completed self-report measures, including the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory - Brief (future subscale), PTSD Checklist - Military Version, Insomnia Severity Index, and Differential Emotions Scale (shame and anger subscales). Bivariate correlations and moderated-mediation analyses, per Hayes (2013), were conducted, covarying age, sex, and ethnicity. In bivariate analyses, all variables were significantly related in hypothesized directions (p<.01). In mediation analyses, the total effect of FO on insomnia was significant (t=-5.336, p<.001), and the direct effect was nonsignificant when PTSD was added (t=-1.840, p=.07), indicating mediation. In moderated-mediation analyses, the PTSD-insomnia linkage was strengthened by shame (b2=-.011, t=-2.451, p=.015, CI=[-.019, -.002])and anger (b2=-.012,t=-3.1, p=.002, CI=[-.020, -.005]), in separate models. In our veteran sample, to the extent one is future-oriented, PTSD symptoms may be ameliorated, with consequent beneficial impact on sleep quantity and quality. Yet, shame and anger may exacerbate the linkage between PTSD symptoms and insomnia, suggesting that therapeutic interventions to reduce shame (e.g., Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and anger (e.g., cognitive reframing) may promote better sleep. Clinical strategies to promote positive future-oriented thinking (e.g., Cognitive Processing Therapy) may also help to alleviate PTSD symptoms and associated insomnia within the veteran population.

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11

Molthan-Hill, Petra Irmgard. "Managerial orientations towards environmental issues : a comparative study of British and German managers." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2007. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/110/.

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In spite of growing interest in environmental and especially sustainability oriented business literature, little attention has been given to one major actor in this context: the manager. How do managers make sense of environmental issues and deal with them? Even less research has been undertaken to explore cultural variations in managerial orientation to environmental issues. These research questions are addressed through a comparative cross-cultural study with British and German managers in the Food Retail and Energy Sector using a social constructionist approach with a focus on how “environmental knowledge, risks and problems are socially assembled” (Hannigan 1995:31). In this study the differences between the two countries in how managers present the ‘ecological element’ of their identities and how they talk about environmental issues in business are pronounced. While the German managers claim that a sound knowledge in environmental issues is part of being a good manager, British managers stress that they only attend to environmental issues if it is in the interest of their company and its financial objectives. In line with their attachment to a notion of moral neutrality, British managers argue that the business system require them to make the ‘business case’ in assessing whether to include environmental improvements or not. They refer to the existing business system as an ‘objective reality’. This perception of a social system as objective was questioned by Habermas (1984). Applying Habermas’ distinction of ‘instrumental and communicative reason’, it is apparent that German managers employ a different ‘instrumental reason’ to that applied by British managers. In addition to the cost-saving potential of environmental efficiency the German managers favour investing in environmental improvements as long as the survival of the company is not at risk. Furthermore, they constantly intertwine ‘instrumental and communicative reason’ by dwelling on environmental considerations as reasons for their business decisions. It is also presented as socially acceptable by German managers to discuss private views and philosophical insights in business and to raise business related issues in private meetings. The British managers present themselves as distinguishing between and separating the private world from the business world. Differing concepts of ‘economic rationality’ are also applied by the two groups in how they identify and evaluate the relative importance of stakeholders. British managers give priority to shareholders and argue that they do not want to impose their values on customers. In contrast, German managers seldom mention shareholders. Instead they talk for example about the challenges posed by customers who leave packaging at the till. The pronounced differences in the two countries are further highlighted in how managers refer to cultural institutions and influences they perceive to be responsible for their environmental awareness and sensemaking. The study argues that an environmental education in school and exposure to a broad range of subjects beyond the age of sixteen has an impact on how managers draw later in life on different subjects in dealing with business decisions. The insights offered by this study make it possible to propose suggestions on how the teaching of sustainability could be improved.

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12

Unger, Jakob Daniel [Verfasser]. "Integrated estimation of UAV image orientation with a generalised building model / Jakob Unger." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020111201081717741034.

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13

Nieves, Amalio C. "Bullying, Sexual Identity, Health Risk Behaviors and Outcomes Among Adolescent Youth in a Metropolitan School District." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/130.

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It is widely accepted that sexual minority youth (SMY) are subjects of homophobic bullying and homophobic victimization, and they are at higher risk for psychological distress compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Meyer (2003) introduced the minority stress conceptual framework to explain this increased prevalence and its effects. The minority stress conceptual framework proposed that the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population is subjected to additional stressors due to its minority status which results in increased psychological distress. The problem addressed in this study was the high incidence of bullying, harassment, social isolation, and violence against SMY, those questioning their sexual identity, and those perceived to be LGB in a large metropolitan school district in South Florida. The purpose of this comparative study was threefold: to compare risk factors for students in Grades 9-12 (a) who identified as LGB to those who identified as heterosexual (straight), (b) who identified as LGB to those who identified as questioning, and (c) who perceived that others identified them as LGB compared to those who did not perceive that others identified them as LGB at a large metropolitan school district in the southeastern United States. Data from the 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was used to further examine how these risk factors, including alcohol and other drug use and abuse, psychological distress, violence, and sexual behaviors, interacted to influence health disparities among youth in Grades 9 to 12 impacted by homophobic bullying. Mann-Whitney U analyses were conducted to detect the differences in health risk behaviors and outcomes among heterosexual and LGB students. Also, logistic regression models were used to examine any sexual identity effects involved in the association between being bullied and health risk behaviors. Findings indicated that students who identified as LGB or gender nonconforming, or who reported being teased because of their perceived sexual orientation (PSO) were at greater risk for negative health outcomes and negative health risk behaviors. More specifically, identification as LGB or gender expansive, or being teased because of PSO was predictive of psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and sexual, alcohol, and drug risk behaviors. This study extends research on risky behaviors among youth who were bullied due to PSO and provides a new perspective on how homophobic victimization may influence these youth’s risk-taking behaviors and health disparities.

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14

McKee, Ryan Walter. "Moments of Trust: Sibling Responses to the Disclosure of a Sister's Lesbian Identity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1003.

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To better understand the responses of siblings to the disclosure of a sister's lesbian identity, eight pairs of siblings, each consisting of one lesbian participant and one of her siblings, were interviewed. Both lesbian and sibling participants were asked to discuss family relationships before disclosure (coming out), the actual disclosure, sibling reactions, parental reactions, and family relationships since disclosure. Notable results include "closeness" in sibling relationships and high levels of "trust" as strong predictors of supportive sibling responses. Siblings were also found to take on the role of confidant and counselor for their parents as they negotiated their daughters' newly-disclosed sexual orientation.

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15

Seydoux, Guillaume. "Qu'est-ce qu'une maladie mentale ? : le libre arbitre en question." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL021.

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Ce travail a deux principaux objets : 1) montrer que la « maladie mentale » est un concept subjectif définissable au moyen de termes philosophiques premiers ; 2) tirer argument de certaines données de fait de la psychopathologie à l’appui de la thèse sartrienne de la liberté (« L’existence précède l’essence »). Notre point de départ est une définition de la maladie mentale formulée par le psychiatre Henri Ey (1900-1977) : « La folie consiste en l’abrogation du libre arbitre. ». Afin de nous faire une première idée de la signification de cette définition, et de tester aussi sa valeur, nous étudions minutieusement deux exemples : la dépendance au tabac, état dont les psychiatres s’accordent à dire depuis la fin des années 90 qu’il est pathologique, et l’homosexualité, état dont les psychiatres s’accordent à dire depuis la fin des années 80 qu’il n’est pas pathologique. Après nous être avisés que l’énoncé définitionnel formulé par Henri Ey est incorrect d'un point de vue de philosophe, nous rectifions son énoncé comme suit : « Est malade mental celui qui croit sérieusement n’avoir pas de libre arbitre. »; puis nous montrons que cet énoncé définitionnel rectifié est exact, et qu’il permet dans certains cas de répondre à la question : « Cet état est-il, ou n’est-il pas pathologique ? ». Enfin, nous montrons que les descriptions cliniques des comportements des grands psychotiques viennent fortement étayer la thèse sartrienne de la liberté en faisant obstacle à la formulation d’une quelconque loi du comportement humain
This dissertation has two main aims : the first is to show that “mental illness” is a subjective concept, which can be defined using foundational philosophical terms ; the second is to expound an argument for Sartre’s thesis of freedom (“existence precedes essence”) based upon certain observations in psychopathology. To begin with, we consider a definition of mental illness formulated by the famous psychiatrist Henri Ey (1900-1977): “Madness consists in the abrogation of free will”. In order to familiarize ourselves with this definition, and to put it to the test, we first examine two examples in depth : tobacco addiction, which psychiatrists have qualified as pathological since the end of the 1990’s, and homosexuality, which they have deemed to be non-pathological since the end of the 1980’s. After arguing that Henri Ey’s definition is incorrect from a philosophical point of view, we offer the following amended version : “Those who seriously believe they have no free will are mentally ill.”; we then confirm that this amended definition is correct, and show that by using it we can, in some cases, answer the question : “Is this mental state pathological, or non-pathological ?”. Finally, we show how the clinical descriptions of the behaviours of severely mentally-ill patients support Sartre’s thesis of freedom by rendering any formulation of a law of human behaviour impossible

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16

Langer, Markus E., Aloisia Schön, Michaela Egger-Steiner, and Irmgard Hubauer. "Implementing evaluation in the context of sustainable development (II). The strategic orientation in the context of evaluations with sustainable development as part of a Tool Box." Forschungsschwerpunkt Nachhaltigkeit und Umweltmanagement, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/104/1/document.pdf.

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In the context of sustainable development, evaluations have particularly high relevance as complex issues have to be dealt with generally over an extended period of time. Furthermore, there is a growing demand to evaluate against the concept of sustainable development. Especially evaluations with sustainable development are a rather new type of evaluation, as the source of its evaluation questions and the criteria applied are rooted in the concept of sustainable development. Sustainability of a specific project or process is often highly case specific as sustainable development is determined by many often unique issues. However, evaluations would be highly inefficient, if they would have to be newly designed in every case. Thus it is necessary to determine and utilize the major issues for evaluations with sustainable development. This paper is part of a series of three papers - which can be used independently - that present the major common issues for evaluations with sustainable development in a Tool Box. The results presented here are based on outcomes of a research project funded by the "Austrian Science Fund". This paper includes the "strategic orientation tool", which was developed as a tool for reflection and decision upon the general outline of an evaluation with sustainable development. It helps to define a design- frame with respect to its information-focus, scope and utilization. The core of the tool is a matrix that is based on two key- functions. On the one hand it defines which contents should be assessed: "What is the object of evaluation?". On the other hand it is oriented along the actual utilization of the evaluation: "How the gained results of the evaluation should be communicated and to whom?". (author's abstract)
Series: Research Paper Series of the Research Focus Managing Sustainability

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17

Schäfer, Marc. "The impact of learners' spatial capacity and world views on their spatial conceptualisation: a case study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1050.

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This multi-sited case study aims to explore spatial capacity through pen-and-paper and hands-on activity tests, and explore world view perceptions of space in an attempt to show that spatial conceptualisation is a rich and complex blend of spatial capacity and world view. This study is oriented in a interpretive-naturalistic paradigm and characterised by multi-dimensional quantitative and qualitative methods. The research, set in five secondary schools in the Eastern Cape, was carried out with 32 Grade 11 learners and was designed around seven stages. This study attempts to understand spatial conceptualisation by recognising that all learners have epistemological macrostructures (world views) that shape their perceptions of the world in general and of space in particular. The main contention of this study is that spatial conceptualisation cannot be understood in isolation, through studying achievements on traditional pen-and-paper tests only. A comprehensive understanding of an individual's spatial conceptualisation involves the recognition of hands-on skills and world views as well. Spatial capacity, defined here in terms of spatial visualisation and orientation constructs, was explored through a pen-and-paper and a hands-on activity test. The results show only a weak to moderate correlation between the two tests, suggesting that performance in a traditional pen-and-paper test was not necessarily a good predictor for performance in a hands-on activity-based test. The investigation of world views was underpinned by a logico-structuralist process centred in conversations around nine bi-polar themes. Through a process of content- and meta- analyses involving the participation of a validation team, world-view profiles were established.In terms of the applied pen-and-paper test which explored spatial capacity, this study confirms males' dominance in all spatial tasks, particularly in three-dimensional problems. This was also found to be true for learners from the participating rural school and for those from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. In the hands-on activity test, however, the study revealed no observable gender difference in favour of the males, except for items that were characterised by the spatial orientation construct. Both the participating rural and township schools performed poorly in items characterized by the spatial visualisation and orientation construct compared to the other participating schools. Although participants from the rural and township schools found it difficult to articulate their world views in depth, the world-view perspectives of space of this sample reveal rich and complex profiles that are similar across all the schools. Despite leaning towards a Newtonian division of absolute and relative space and containing strong religious elements, this sample generally views space as mysterious, infinite and somewhat obscure. It often refers to space in Kantian ideas and related space in terms of subjective feelings. Females in particular, refer to their own `space bubble', for example. Out of the world-view profile analysis, a meta-analysis was conducted which explored thinking skills in terms of capacity to abstract, to be insightful, deal with complex issues, engage critically, and be imaginative.This reveals that for this case, females were rated on a higher level than their male counterparts for their capacity to abstract and be complex (the capacity to identify related parts and to deal with composites), whereas males rated higher for showing insight, being imaginative, and being critical. Although there appear to be high correlations between the various tests, meta-levels and school performance for some of the participants, the same cannot be said for the sample as a whole. The world-view aspect of this study reveals a rich, often complex, understanding of space, strengthening the notion that world views are integral to a learner's cognition process.

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18

Wessels-Mevissen, Corinna. "The gods of the directions in Ancient India : origin and early development in art and literature, until c. 1000 A.D. /." Berlin : D. Reimer, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38867430t.

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Анотація:

Texte remanié de: Ph.D.. Titre de soutenance : The formation and early development of the brahmanical group of directional guardian deities in Indian art, until c. 1000 A.D.
Bibliogr. p. 117-127. Index.

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19

Lehmann, Toni. "Einﬂuss der Korngefüge industriell hergestellter mc- Siliziumblöcke auf die rekombinationsaktiven Kristalldefekte und auf die Solarzellenefﬁzienz". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-203303.

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The efficiency of multicrystalline (mc) silicon solar cells depends strongly on the fraction of recombination active crystal defects. This work focuses on a systematic analysis of how the area fraction of recombination active crystal defects and thus the solar cell efficiency is af-fected by the grain structure of mc-silicon wafers, i.e. grain size, grain orientation and type of the grain boundaries between adjacent grains. For that purpose a new characterization method was developed which allows the measurement of the grain orientation and grain boundary type of full 156x156 mm² mc-silicon wafers. The results of the grain structure analysis were correlated with the etch pit density, the recombination active area fraction measured by photo-luminescence imaging, and the solar cell efficiency in order to quantify the most important features of the grain structure, which were relevant to obtain high quality mc-silicon wafer material. For the determination of the grain orientation and grain boundary type two metrology sys-tems were combined. The so-called grain detector determines the geometrical data of each grain (size and form) by a reflectivity measurement. Afterwards the wafer with the geomet-rical information of all grains is transferred into the so-called Laue Scanner. This system irra-diates each grain larger 3 mm² with white x-rays and creates a backscatter diffraction pattern (Laue pattern) for each grain. From this Laue pattern the grain orientation and the grain boundary type of neighboured grains is calculated and statistically analysed in combination with the geometrical data of the grain detector. In this work the grain structure of twelve industrially grown mc-silicon bricks, which were produced by different manufacturers, and two laboratory grown bricks were investigated. Seven of these bricks show a fine grain structure. This material named class F is considered to be typical for so-called High Performance Multi (HPM) silicon. The other bricks show a coarse-grained structure. This grain structure was called class G and corresponds to the con-ventional mc-silicon material. The results show that the grain structures of the start of the crystallization process differ sig-nificantly between class F and class G. The class F mc-silicon wafers have a uniform initial grain size (characterized by coefficient of variation CV¬KG < 2.5) and grain orientation (charac-terized by coefficient of variation CVKO < 1.5) distribution with a small mean grain size (< 4 mm²) and a high length fraction of random grain boundaries (> 60 %) in comparison to the class G wafers. Despite the totally different initial grain structure for the class F and class G bricks, the grain structure of the wafers which represent the end of the crystallization process is more or less comparable. It can be concluded that the development of the grain structure along the crystal height of the class F bricks is driven by an energy minimization due to the surface energy and the grain boundary energy, that means that the share of (111) oriented grains having the lowest surface energy and the share of ∑3 grain boundaries having the lowest interface energy increase from the start of crystallization to the end. This phenomenon could not be observed for the class G bricks, which show a decreasing ∑3 length fraction and a decreasing area fraction of {111} oriented grains. This energetically unfavourable grain structure development is not clear so far but it means another kind of energy minimization effect must exist within class G. This could be for instance the formation of dislocations. The grain structure investigations show clearly that especially the initially fine-grained struc-ture of the class F bricks, i.e. at the start of crystallization, influences beneficially the area fraction of recombination active defects and the solar cell efficiency subsequently. This ob-servation can be explained as follows. Reduced dislocation cluster formation: • The small grain sizes in combination with the low length fraction of ∑3 grain bounda-ries capture the dislocations within a grain. Dislocations are not able to move across the grain boundaries which have not the ∑3-type within moderate stress and tempera-ture fields. This prohibits the formation and expansion of large dislocation cluster. • The previously described energetically driven grain selection and the continuously in-creasing grain size from bottom to top leads to an overgrowth of grains. This means that also dislocated grains will disappear which also prohibits the formation of large dislocation cluster. Reduced possibility of dislocation formation: • Compared to the class G bricks the area fraction of {111} oriented grains is reduced. Therefore, the possibility of the formation of dislocations is reduced, because they would be activated first in {111} oriented grains taking the Schmidt factor in account which is lowest for {111} oriented grains. After the dislocation generation within a {111} oriented grain, the dislocation can move forward on 3 of 4 possible {111} slip planes which have an angle of 19.5° with regard to the growth direction. No other ori-entation has more slip planes for the dislocation movement which have an angle smaller 20° with regard to the growth direction. These arguments in combination with the high reproducibility of the characteristic initial class F structure can explain the observed low recombination active area fraction from start to end of crystallization which was smaller 5 % and especially the low variation of 2 % of the electrical active wafer area in between the class F bricks. One can also easily explain the higher recombination active area fraction up to 14 % and the large variation of 10 % between the class G bricks due to the obtained grain structure data. These differences in the recombination active area fractions are reflected in the solar cell efficiency which is 0.4 % higher for the class F bricks compared to the class G bricks. In consideration of the above mentioned reasons it is not beneficial for the industrial ingot production technology to increase the ingot height further, due to the fact that the advanta-geous initial grain structure properties of class F bricks disappear with increasing crystal height.

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20

Nenner, Christin, Aline Bergert, and Amlah Böhnisch Angelina Naa. "Virtual. International. Job orientated. – Best practice on how virtual collaboration courses can succeed." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-236230.

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From April to June 2016 a new and exclusively virtual teaching format – the international STEM1 Summer School – was provided at the University of Mining and Technology in Freiberg. The paper presents the approach, didactical design, and results of evaluation. The international STEM Summer School was developed and tested within the project „Holistic International STEMs - Learning with case studies and real-life industry experiences“. The aim was to better prepare STEM students for challenges in the current professional world that are characterized by in-ternationalization and digitalization. The project offers some ideas on how to teach the currently re-quired skills and competencies by industry in higher education. The conceptualization of the project was made possible with funding from the Donors\' Association for the Promotion of Humanities and Sciences in Germany2. The exclusively virtual collaboration is due to the different geographical distances and locations of the participating students, which generates specific challenges. On the one hand, technical conditions at the particular places of residence have an impact on virtual collaboration. On the other hand, cultural, lingual, and occupational differences, as well as the differing media literacy, play an important role. In addition, the setting of objectives and provision of incentives is decisive for the shared virtual work. The results of the first round of the international STEM Summer School indicate possible solution strategies based on the three areas of media use, interaction, and task orientation. During the Summer School, students from ten different countries solved real-life job case studies in small interdisciplinary teams. The exchange took place with the help of various e-learning tools like the virtual classroom, wiki, forum and e-portfolio. The participants were mentored by national and international industry partners, STEM professors, and e-tutors. After nine weeks work in intercultural teams they presented their results and learning outcomes during a web conference. The following article focusses on the evaluation results as well as selected insights and challenges.

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21

Kolb, Peter Markus. "The Effects of Temperature on Judgment and Behavior in the Contexts of Jurisdiction, Retail, and Services." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-96306.

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Warum verwenden wir Wörter, die mit physikalischer Temperatur zu tun haben, zur Beschreibung zwischenmenschlicher Phänomene (wie zum Beispiel “eine warmherzige Person” oder “jemandem die kalte Schulter zeigen”)? Jüngere Forschung im Bereich Embodied Cognition hat in aktuellen Publikationen eine Antwort auf diese Frage geliefert: Das Erleben von physikalischer Wärme wird unbewusst mit Gefühlen interpersonaler Wärme assoziiert; physikalische Kälte hingegen wird mit Gefühlen von interpersonaler Kälte und Einsamkeit verbunden. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten beispielsweise Williams und Bargh (2008) zeigen, dass bereits das kurzzeitige Halten einer Tasse mit heißem Kaffe (verglichen mit einer Tasse Eiskaffee) dazu führt, dass die Persönlichkeit einer Zielperson als wärmer (d.h. großzügiger und fürsorglicher) eingeschätzt wird. Diese unbewusste Assoziation hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab zu klären, ob und wie Temperatur menschliches Urteilen und Verhalten in verschiedenen Kontexten beeinflusst. Desweiteren sollen zugrundeliegende Prozesse (Mediatoren) sowie weitere Rahmenbedingungen (Moderatoren) untersucht werden. Insgesamt wurden drei Versuchsreihen in drei angewandten Kontexten durchgeführt (Rechtsprechung, Verkauf und Dienstleistungen). Diese Bereiche stehen exemplarisch für eine große Anzahl von Situationen, in denen Temperatur das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen beeinflussen kann (insbesondere alle Situationen, in denen Menschen sich gegenseitig wahrnehmen und miteinander interagieren). Zur Manipulation von Temperatur wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt. Dies umfasste sowohl semantische Temperaturprimings als auch die systematische Variation der Raumtemperatur. Dabei wurde die Raumtemperatur unter Berücksichtigung bauphysikalischer Gesichtspunkte erfasst und innerhalb einer Komfortzone manipuliert. Die Ergebnisse aus allen Experimenten der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit zeigen, dass Temperatur das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Ergebnisse aus dem ersten Laborexperiment (Kontext Rechtsprechung) legen nahe, dass die Beurteilung von Verbrechern signifikant von der Raumtemperatur, die innerhalb einer Komfortzone manipuliert wurde, beeinflusst wird: In einem kühlen Raum wurden Verbrecher als kaltblütiger eingeschätzt, während sie in einem warmen Raum als hitzköpfiger eingestuft wurden. In diesem Zusammenhang schrieben die Teilnehmer bei niedriger Raumtemperatur Verbrechern mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit Kalkülverbrechen, mehr Morde und schwerere Verbrechen, die mit längeren Gefängnisstrafen verbunden sind, zu (verglichen mit Teilnehmern bei mittlerer und hoher Raumtemperatur). Bei hoher Raumtemperatur hingegen hielten es die Teilnehmehmenden für wahrscheinlicher, dass die Verbrecher ein Affektverbrechen begangen haben (verglichen mit den anderen beiden Bedingungen). Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Temperatur attributionale Prozesse beeinflusst. In der zweiten Versuchsreihe (Kontext Verkauf) gaben die Teilnehmer bei niedriger Raumtemperatur positivere Konsumentenurteile gegenüber Produkten und Verkaufspersonal ab (im Vergleich zu Teilnehmenden bei mittlerer und hoher Raumtemperatur). Zudem zeigten sie positivere Verhaltenstendenzen gegenüber Produkten und Verkäufer/innen (z.B. eine höhere Kaufwahrscheinlichkeit und eine höhere Bereitschaft, mit Verkaufspersonal ein Beratungsgespräch zu beginnen). Überdies steigerte in einer weiteren Studie ein semantisches Kältepriming den Drang der Teilnehmer, umgehend einen Einkauf zu tätigen (verglichen mit einem Priming von Wärme und einer Kontrollbedingung). In der dritten Versuchsreihe (Kontext Dienstleistungen) zeigten Personen in einem umfassenden Dienstleistungsszenario bei niedrigen Raumtemperaturen (im Vergleich zu hohen Temperaturen) eine höhere Kundenorientierung – sowohl in kritischen Service-Szenarien als auch in einem Selbstberichtsmaß. Zudem vergaben sie Kunden signfikant höhere Rabatte. Dieser Effekt wurde auch in einer Stichprobe mit erfahrenen Dienstleistern bestätigt, die nach einem semantischen Temperaturpriming eine höhere Kundenorientierung in der Kaltbedingung (im Vergleich zur Warm- und Kontrollbedingung) angaben. Mithilfe dieses Experiments konnte zudem aufgezeigt werden, dass die gefundenen Effekte unabhängig von menschlicher Routine, Erfahrung und individuellem Wissensstand stattfinden. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit konnte als erste in der Embodied Cognition-Forschung einen Mediationseffekt zwischen Temperatur und Verhaltensvariablen (im Kontext von Konsumentenverhalten) nachweisen. Niedrige Temperaturen führen demnach zu einem erhöhten Anschlussmotiv. Dies wirkt sich wiederum auf das Verhalten von Konsumenten aus (z.B. durch eine höhere Bereitschaft, mit einem/r Verkäufer/in in Interaktion zu treten oder etwas zu kaufen.) Zudem zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit als Erste in diesem Forschungszweig einen Moderationseffekt: In der dritten Versuchsreihe konnte in einer Moderationsanalyse bestätigt werden, dass die Verträglichkeit der Teilnehmenden den Einfluss von Temperatur auf die Gewährung von Kundenrabatten moderierte. Auf diese Weise liefert die Arbeit nicht nur in verschiedenen Kontexten Erkenntnisse über die Tragweite von Temperatureffekten auf menschliches Urteilen und Handeln – sie gewährt auch wertvolle Einblicke in die zugrundeliegenden Faktoren und Rahmenbedingungen von Temperatureffekten. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer und praktischer Gesichtspunkte diskutiert sowie künftige Forschungsthemen abgeleitet.

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22

Tsai, You-Sheng, and 蔡尤勝. "Orientation of the vacancy line defects on Si(100)." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66729282645104305987.

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碩士
國立中山大學
物理研究所
84
Using the local-orbital density-functional molecular-dynamics method, we have obtained relaxed Si(100) surfaces with vacancy line defects that are perpendicular and parallel to the surface dimer rows and their corresponding total energies. Our results show that the perpendicular line defects with two-dimer wide are most favorable with respect to the parallel line defects in agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations. This preference can be attributed mainly to the formation of troughs around the defect in the perpendicular case and the limited space that prevents the exposed second- layer atoms to form long dimer rows in the parallel case.

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23

Szu-HanLee and 李思翰. "I. Adsorption and Reaction of Pyrazine on Cu(100) and O/Cu(100) II. Orientation Study of 1H-Pyrazole on Cu(100)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ajyz87.

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24

Kuo, Kuan-Hung, and 郭冠宏. "Thermal Chemistry and Adsorption Orientation of 1,2-dibromoethane on Cu(100) Surface." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g7veuf.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學系碩博士班
92
Temperature-programmed reaction/desorption (TPR/D) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) have been employed to investigate the thermal reactions and adsorption geometry of BrCH2CH2Br molecules on clean and oxygen-precovered Cu(100) surfaces in ultra-high vacuum system. TPR/D results show that when exposure is increased to 10L, second layer BrCH2CH2Br molecular desorption appears at 209K and when exposure is increased to 20L, third layer BrCH2CH2Br molecular desorption appears at 163K. Below monolayer exposure, BrCH2CH2Br will decompose to gaseous C2H4 . Between 0.5-6L exposures, C2H4 desorbs at ~210K and among 2L exposure, C2H4 desorbs at 130K. Between 4-9L exposures, C2H4 has a desorption channel at 155-180K. C2H4 desorption at 130K maybe results from BrCH2CH2Br absorbs in Br atom toward surfaces, after C-Br bond scission, because C2H4 has no opportunity to touch surfaces so it desorbs at low temperature. C2H4 desorption at 210K is likely to be desorption limited that, BrCH2CH2Br docomposes to C2H4 (a), only to desorb at higher　temperature. This C2H4 desorption channel maybe comes from defect site desorption. C2H4 desorption at 155-180K appears at coverage ≧4L, because RAIRS results show that no BrCH2CH2Br or -CH2CH2Br exist on the surfaces at 140K, so BrCH2CH2Br already decomposes to C2H4 (a), and C2H4 desorption is stabilized by Br on the surfaces to desorb at 155-180K. On oxygen-precovered surfaces and among 0.1L exposure, C2H4 desorbs at 140K and 168K. We suggest the mechanism is the same as C2H4 desorption at 130K and 155-180K on clean Cu(100) surfaces. But on oxygen-precovered surface we don’t see C2H4 desorbs at 210K, we speculate that oxygen maybe occupies defect site. When exposure is increased to 3L, second layer BrCH2CH2Br molecular desorption appears at 230K and when exposure is increased to 15L, third layer BrCH2CH2Br molecular desorption appears at 185K. By RAIRS results we speculate that multilayer BrCH2CH2Br absorb in trans form mainly and below monolayer BrCH2CH2Br dissociatively absorb on the surfaces in -C-C-Br skeleton lay down on surfaces. On oxygen-precovered Cu(100), multilayer BrCH2CH2Br also absorb in trans form mainly, but below 3L exposure, we can’t observe any absorption peak which maybe due to IR absorption intensity too weak or decomposition of BrCH2CH2Br.

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25

Liao, Yung-Hsuan, and 廖永璿. "Thermal Chemistry and Adsorption Orientation of 1,3-Diiodobenzene on a Cu(100) surface." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68135431512783398468.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立成功大學
化學系碩博士班
93
Temperature-programmed reaction/desorption (TPR/D), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) have been employed to investigate the thermal decomposition of 1,3-Diiodobenzene on Cu(100) and the surface intermediates involved. At low surface coverages (≦1 monolayer), 1,3-Diiodobenzene dissociates at ~340 K on Cu(100) surface to form adsorbed meta-benzyne and atomic I. The meta-benzyne subsequently decomposes at ~500 K to form H2(g). By 980 K, atomic I is completely desorbed, but carbon is left on the surface due to the dehydrogenation of meta-benzyne. At coverages of 2~3 monolayers, 1,3-Diiodobenzene desorbs molecularly at 247 K (second-layer) and 234 K (third-layer). The peak temperatures of molecularly desorption (Tmax) shift to higher temperatures with increasing exposures, indicating that the multilayer (≧3 monolayer) desorption is a zero-order process. The adsorbed 1,3-Diiodobenzene molecules at 1~2 monolayers coverage are adsorbed with their π-rings approximately parallel to the surface plane. However as the exposure is increased to a coverage ≧3 monolaylers, the molecules adopt an orientation with their π-rings inclining from the surface.

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26

Fonseka, H. Aruni. "Growth and Characterisation of InP Nanowires and Nanowire-Based Heterostructures for Future Optoelectronic Device Applications." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16525.

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Indium Phosphide (InP) forms a cornerstone amongst direct band-gap III-V compound semiconductors with the possibility for a wide range of other III-V alloys to be lattice matched with it. It is commonly used in optical communications related device applications, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The very low surface recombination velocity of InP has made its nanowire counterpart a standout amongst nanowires of other III-V materials with successful demonstrations in nanowire solar cells, lasers and single photon sources. Considerable progress has been made in terms of InP nanowire growth in the past decade. Defect-free wurtzite (WZ) phase nanowires with good optical quality have been achieved on InP (111)B substrates. However, there are unexplored areas related to nanowire heterostructures that may hold promise for future device applications. Furthermore, InP nanowires aimed for future integrated devices need to be grown on the Si (111) substrates, and preferably on Si (100) substrates, in order to be integrated with microelectronics and other planar devices on a single chip. This dissertation presents a progressive advancement of Au seeded InP nanowire growth by MOVPE, from heterostructures grown on InP (111)B substrates to nanowire growth on Si (111) substrates and [100] oriented InP substrates. A number of diverse techniques have been employed to understand the growth process and characterise the samples. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been used for structural and compositional analysis, while room and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and PL mapping have been used for optical characterisation. InP-InxGa1-xAs nanowire quantum wells (QWs) emitting in the 1.3 μm optical communications wavelength region are grown on InP (111)B substrates. Detailed structural and optical analysis carried out using cross-sectional TEM (X-TEM) and PL mapping reveal asymmetric diffusion at the two interfaces of the QW, and broad, yet bright and homogenous PL emission along the complete length of the nanowire, with no emission visible from the InP nanowire core or outer barrier. The emission wavelength of the QW is tuned in the 1.3 μm range by varying the QW thickness as well as composition. The WZ phase QWs are optically modelled using the kp method. Multiple QWs comprised of three QWs and showing strong emission is also demonstrated. InP nanowire growth on Si (111) substrates has been carried out using an intermediate buffer layer. A two-step approach is used for the growth of the buffer layer and the growth parameters are optimised for both steps in order to achieve a smooth layer that covers the underlying Si substrate. It is seen that the layer fully relaxes by forming dislocations at the interface and is of (111)B polarity. Over 97% vertical nanowire yield is achieved on the buffer layers, and these nanowires are found to be similar in morphology and optical properties to those grown homoepitaxially on InP (111)B substrates under the same growth conditions. InP nanowires grown on the industry standard [100] orientated substrates are examined by studying the growth directions, facets and crystal structure of the different types, namely, vertical, non-vertical and planar nanowires grown on InP (100) substrates. The seemingly random growth directions of the non-vertical nanowires are actually found to be <111> and <100> directions that acquire complex orientations with respect to the substrate due to the consecutive three dimensional twinning that takes place at the initial stages of growth. These directions are mathematically calculated and verified by the measurements carried out on individual nanowires. It is shown that 99% of the nanowires grown on InP (100) substrate are either <100>, <111> or <110> oriented with growth facets of either {100} or {111}. The relative yields of each type of nanowire grown on InP (100) substrates are controlled by optimising the pre-growth annealing and growth conditions. A maximum of 87%, 100% and 67% yield is achieved for vertical, planar and non-vertical nanowires, respectively. The novel families of side facets of <100> nanowires are engineered to obtain cross-sectional shapes ranging from square to octagonal while maintaining a high vertical yield. Growth parameters and post-growth in-situ annealing conditions are tuned in order to achieve this. Finally, InGaAs QWs are grown on a novel and asymmetric facet combination of [100] nanowires, demonstrating the intended non-uniform complex growth that results in different thicknesses and compositions on the different types of nanowire facets. Overall, this work explores new avenues of InP nanowire and heterostructure growth aimed for future optoelectronic devices that are directly integrable with planar devices and Si technology. The findings presented, especially those on growth on [100] oriented substrates, bring many unforeseen opportunities for nanowire device development to light.

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27

Brandt, Cirsten Maja. "Oxidation und epitaktische Oxidation von Nickel und Nickellegierung." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B41E-8.

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28

Fengler, Stephanus Michael. "Estimating Orientational Water Entropy at Protein Interfaces." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B546-D.

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29

Mzindle, Duduzile. "An investigation of the attitudes of high school learners towards life orientation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1070.

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Анотація:

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Education (Psychology Department) at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2011.
This study aims to investigate the attitude of High School learners towards Life Orientation. Life Orientation is a new learning area that is being introduced into South African schools as part of curriculum transformation in our democracy. It is intended to equip learners with the skills to live meaningful lives in a society that requires rapid transformation. Our country has seen many changes lately within the context of the advancement of democracy and education is not exempt from these changes. Parker (1998) argued that people who will survive in society are people who have the ability to receive and process information quickly. More than a decade later his comment still rings true. This study of attitudes towards Life Orientation attempts to find out if knowledge that learners receive in Life Orientation is relevant enough to make learners live meaningful lives in a society that is so rapidly transforming. The research was conducted in twelve high schools which were randomly selected in and around the Pietermaritzburg and Durban Areas. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data was used. Questionnaires were administered to high school learners and key questions which inform outcomes and the content that is covered in Life Orientation were used to:  determine learners’ attitudes towards Life Orientation through the use of questionnaires;  establish the relationship (if any) between the nature of attitudes and respondents’ response variables such as age, gender and learner performance; and  determine the extent to which learners feel empowered by Life Orientation. The status and practice of Life Orientation reveal that learners have a positive attitude towards Life Orientation but they appear to attach more emphasis and display more attitudinal reaction to such issues as HIV/AIDS, personal development as well as the career aspects of Life Orientation. Furthermore, the study revealed that aspects of life orientation that are peripheral to individuals such as the qualities of Ubuntu (communality) and tolerance were considered important only later in the life of learners. The attitude of learners is influenced by the context they find themselves in. Educators were found to have contributed to the attitudes of their learners as interpreters of the curriculum. Lastly, findings also revealed qualitative development of wisdom in learners as they progress through their grades in their high school years. The findings of the research require attention by the Education Department to deal with educators, so that they can impact learners’ attitudes positively towards a desired outcome because they determine what is regarded as valuable knowledge. The need to place equal value on other aspects of Life Orientation requires strengthening in order to produce learners who will live meaningful lives in a society that requires rapid transformation.

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Hitt, Charles Jefferson. "An evaluation of a bibliographic instruction course in the general education curriculum of Mankato State University effects of library-media education 101 on library-use skills and behaviors /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26560117.html.

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31

Dube, Wilhelminah S. "The induction of novice teachers in community junior secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1300.

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This study focuses on the induction of novice teachers in Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in Gaborone, Botswana. The point of departure is that induction is an important factor that is essential to the success of every beginner teacher. It is the responsibility of the school management to provide comprehensive induction programmes that will support beginner teachers and retain them in the teaching profession. This problem was investigated by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation using a qualitative approach. A small sample of beginner teachers in six selected schools in Gaborone formed the sample for this study. Findings indicated that the extent to which novice teachers are given professional guidance and support in schools is not enough. It is recommended that induction programmes receive more priority in schools since the first year of teaching is the most important determiner in the teaching career of an individual.
Education management
M.Ed. (Education Management)

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Дисертації з теми "[100] orientation"

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