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Статті в журналах з теми "060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology"
Voisine, Jimmy, and Marc André Sirard. "Ethics and animal reproductive technologies." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34, no. 2 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21284.
Повний текст джерелаLochab, Amaneet K., and Cassandra G. Extavour. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in animal reproductive system development and function." Developmental Biology 427, no. 2 (July 2017): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.002.
Повний текст джерелаLEONARD, JANET L., JOHN S. PEARSE, and ALICE BRYANT HARPER. "Comparative reproductive biology ofAriolimax californicusandA. dolichophallus(Gastropoda; Stylommiatophora)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 41, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2002.9652738.
Повний текст джерелаDIONISIO, MARIA, ARMINDO RODRIGUES, and ANA COSTA. "Reproductive biology ofMegabalanus azoricus(Pilsbry), the Azorean Barnacle." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 50, no. 3 (January 2007): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2007.9652240.
Повний текст джерелаHUGHES, ROGER N. "Reproductive biology of invertebrates Volume VI. Asexual propagation and reproductive strategies Parts A and B." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 28, no. 3 (December 1995): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1995.9672485.
Повний текст джерелаMinelli, Alessandro, and Giuseppe Fusco. "Developmental plasticity and the evolution of animal complex life cycles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1540 (February 27, 2010): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0268.
Повний текст джерелаKasai, Magosaburo, and Tetsunori Mukaida. "Cryopreservation of animal and human embryos by vitrification." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 9, no. 2 (January 2004): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62125-6.
Повний текст джерелаSpielmann, Horst. "Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity Testing: Animal Studies are Not Predictive for Humans." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 6 (December 2008): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600616.
Повний текст джерелаFindlay, JK. "Reproductive biology and the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology in the 21st century." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951021.
Повний текст джерелаRocca, Meredith S., and Nancy G. Wehner. "The guinea pig as an animal model for developmental and reproductive toxicology studies." Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology 86, no. 2 (April 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20188.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology"
Herbert, Danielle. "Studies of assisted reproduction in the spotted grass frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis: ovulation, early development and microinjection (ICSI)." Thesis, The University of Newcastle, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAbram, Paul K. "Developmental, morphological, and behavioural plasticity in the reproductive strategies of stink bugs and their egg parasitoids." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13586.
Повний текст джерелаThe environment shapes the physiology, morphology, and behaviour of organisms through complex, multidimensional ecological and evolutionary processes. The reproductive success of individual animals is determined by how well their phenotype is suited to an environment that is constantly changing over single and multi-generational time scales. At the same time, phenotypes are shaped by the environment, which triggers adaptive modifications of animal reproductive strategies while also imposing important constraints. In this thesis, using stink bugs and their parasitoids as model organisms, I considered how several types of plasticity can interact to influence biological fitness, and how plasticity in reproductive strategies responds to several important components of environmental change (host quality, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, biological invasions). Firstly, I compared the response of behavioural and life history traits to body size variation in the parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), finding that reaction norms of behavioural traits more often had positive slopes than life history traits. Next, I found that the predatory stink bug Podisus maculiventris Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can selectively control the colouration of its eggs. Egg pigmentation in this species protects embryos against ultraviolet radiation as part of a complex oviposition strategy that evolved in response to a suite of environmental factors. Then, I tested how thermal stress affects the memory dynamics of the parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) learning the reliability of chemical traces left by its host. These experiments revealed that both high and low stressful temperatures prevented forgetting, affecting the time allocation of parasitoids on patches of host chemical traces. I also developed a general framework to classify temperature’s effects on all aspects of ectotherm behaviour, distinguishing constraints from adaptive behavioural adjustments. Finally, I tested the ability of an indigenous parasitoid (T. podisi) to attack the eggs of a new invasive pest of agriculture, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The results showed that T. podisi attacks the eggs of H. halys but cannot develop, demonstrating that the invasive pest is an “evolutionary trap” for indigenous parasitoids, which could indirectly benefit native stink bug species by acting as an egg and time sink for the parasitoid. These findings have important implications for how insects, including those involved in biological control programs, respond to environmental change.
(11177052), Shashank Manohar Nambiar. "Maternal Hepatic Adaptations to Pregnancy." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDuring gestation, the maternal liver undergoes various adaptive changes to cope with the increasing physiological and metabolic demands from both maternal and fetal compartments. Among these changes are robust growth and changes in transcriptome profile. However, how these events happen, and other aspects of this physiological phenomenon remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed at further understanding how maternal liver responds to pregnancy. We used BrdU labeling combined with a virus-based tracing approach to quantify the percentage of maternal hepatocytes undergoing DNA synthesis and division over the course of gestation in mice.
We found that ~50% maternal hepatocytes entered S-phase but, unexpectedly, did not undergo cytokinesis. This strongly suggests that maternal hepatocytes in fact undergo endoreplication instead of hyperplasia, as believed previously. Pericentral Axin2+ hepatocytes were reported to behave as liver stem cells responsible for liver homeostasis and turnover. We generated an in vivo fate-tracing mouse model to monitor the behavior of these cells in the maternal liver. Our results showed that they did not proliferate during pregnancy, homeostasis, and following partial hepatectomy. Curiously, we uncovered that, hepatocytes exhibit developmental phenotypes at mRNA level pre-pregnancy and at both mRNA and protein level during pregnancy. In the non-pregnant state, hepatocytes reserved mRNA expression of liver progenitor marker genes Cd133 and Afp, which are localized in the nuclei, without protein translation. During gestation, maternal hepatocytes displayed cytoplasmic translocation of Cd133 and Afp transcripts, concomitant with corresponding protein expression.
Overall, all maternal hepatocytes became CD133+, and a subset of them express AFP. Additionally, in non-pregnant livers, mRNA of Epcam, another liver progenitor marker, was expressed within majority of hepatocytes, whereas its protein was solely translated in the pericentral region. In contrast, by end-gestation, EPCAM protein expression switched to the periportal region. These observations indicate that maternal hepatocytes exhibit heterogeneous developmental phenotypes, partially resembling fetal hepatocytes. It is intriguing why mature hepatocytes dedifferentiate into a progenitor state in response to pregnancy. AFP is considered to be produced primarily from fetal liver and thus is used to evaluate fetal development health.
A potential clinical relevance of our data is that we identified maternal liver as a new source of AFP. The hippo signaling pathway has been shown to potently control liver growth and hepatocyte heterogenicity. Surprisingly, we found that pregnancy neither altered the expression nor activities of the components of this pathway and its effector YAP1/TAZ. This finding indicates that pregnancy-induced maternal liver growth is not driven by hippo-YAP1 pathway. However, we demonstrate that the presence of YAP1 is essential for CD133 protein expression in maternal hepatocytes. Collectively, we revealed that, as pregnancy advances, maternal hepatocytes likely undergo endoreplication and display developmental phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP1 dictates the expression of CD133, contributing to the pregnancy-dependent phenotypic changes of maternal hepatocytes.(7022153), Hayly Michelle Goebel. "Characterization of BAF155 and BAF170 in Early Porcine Embryogenesis." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe production of developmentally competent in vitro derived embryos is necessary to decreasing both economic and emotional losses. Epigenetic abnormalities/insults have been shown to occur at a higher incidence in in vitro embryos. An increased prevalence of epigenetic derived disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Prader-Willi syndrome, and α-thalassemia as well as elevated preimplantation embryo arrest and reduced developmental rates are theorized to be caused by errors in the mediation of chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling refers to the restructuring of packaged DNA so that transcription factors are either given more or less access to specific sequences. This can be done by covalent modification through histone methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation as well as noncovalent modifications which employ ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. The purpose of this thesis was to characterize two structurally integral core subunits, BAF155 and BAF170, of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in porcine oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
The first study concentrated on the transcript abundance of BAF155 and BAF170 in porcine oocytes and embryos. First, BAF155 and BAF170 transcript sequences were identified in porcine muscle and heart tissues. Those sequences were used to create quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers. mRNA from pools of GV oocytes (100-800) was converted to cDNA for transcript abundance measurements. However, transcript abundance remained too low for either BAF155 or BAF170 to be accurately quantified.
The second study focused on developmental competency of embryos post interfering RNA (RNAi) knockdown of BAF155, BAF170, or both BAF155/BAF170 combined. After 7 days of culture, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine differences in mean nuclei numbers and morphological blastocyst percentages across the three groups. No significant difference was seen between means of treatment groups vs. both control groups. Significant differences were seen between siRNA and Non-Injected groups as well as Non-Injected and Scramble RNA groups. However this indicates that loss of BAF155, BAF170, or a combination of the two transcripts is not the driving force of the significant differences, rather the microinjection itself caused the differences.
The third study examined the process by which BAF155 and BAF170 proteins are imported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. It was hypothesized that karyopherin α 7 (KPNA7), a nuclear importer known to be prevalent in the porcine oocyte and early embryo, is the main importer of both subunits. A dominant-negative KPNA7 construct missing the importin beta binding (IBB) domain was microinjected into parthenogenetically activated embryos to outcompete competent wild-type KPNA7. No change in protein localization was seen at the 4-cell stage of development (48 hours post-injection) for either BAF155 or BAF170. To reinforce these results, an RNAi targeting KPNA7 was also microinjected into parthenogenetically activated embryos. Again, no change was shown in protein localization at the 4-cell stage (48 hours post-injection), indicating that KPNA7 was not the main nuclear importer of either BAF155 or BAF170.
Further study is necessary to determine transcript abundance and the mechanism of nuclear import of both BAF155 and BAF170.
(10531823), Yu-Chun Tseng. "Alteration of BRG1- or BRM-associated factors (BAFs), components of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, affects preimplantation porcine embryo development." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMammalian embryos undergo a dramatic amount of epigenetic remodeling during the first week of development to establish the correct epigenetic status to support the developmental program. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-subunits complexes and utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to modify chromatin structure non-covalently. The collection of subunits determines the identity of a given SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, directs its activity, and dictate where that complex will act. The aims of this study were to 1) determine the requirement of SNF5, a SWI/SNF core subunit found in BAF and PBAF complexes during preimplantation porcine embryo development, 2) determine the requirement of BRD7, a PBAF complex-specific subunit during preimplantation porcine embryo development, and 3) investigate the role of CDH1, a downstream gene regulated by ARID1A, another subunit found exclusively in BAF complexes, in cleavage stage porcine embryos. Our results indicate that the differential requirement for each subunit during early embryo development. Depletion of different subunits results in embryo arrest at distinct developmental stage. Together, our data suggest the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are necessary for proper porcine embryo development and this requirement is associated with the composition of the complex.
(8786324), Scott T. Koenigbauer. "Maternal effects and egg size in fishes: general patterns and the influence of system size." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe need to protect size and age structures from selective harvest in order to maintain sustainable fish stocks has been emphasized in recent literature. The Big Old Fat Fecund Female Fish (BOFFFF) hypothesis has been influential in discussions of changing stock management strategies, and postulates that larger, older females have a disproportionate input into stock recruitment due to physiological advantages. In this study, we utilize a meta-analysis approach to test the assumption of the BOFFFF hypothesis, that larger female fish produce larger eggs and more viable offspring, at a broad scale. Following the meta-analyses, we assess whether larger females from a subset of studies use their gonadal investment more efficiently than small females. From our meta-analyses, we found positive, significant intraspecific relationships between female size and egg size. Moreover, we found positive associations between egg size and offspring viability (offspring size and survival). However, we found in a subset of studies that although proportional survival of offspring often increases with egg size, females that produced larger eggs yielded fewer surviving offspring per unit gonadal investment. This reduced efficiency in reproductive investment is a product of the trade-off between egg size and fecundity. We conclude that although larger females may appear to produce more viable individual offspring, their input to stock recruitment, according to total stock gonadal biomass, may not be disproportionate, as stated by the BOFFFF hypothesis. However, we did not account for whether the benefits of maternal effects extend beyond the larval stage.
The theory of optimal egg size implies that fish trade off between fecundity and individual gonad investment according to their environment. Past interspecific studies suggest that in general, fishes in large, marine systems produce smaller eggs than those in small, freshwater systems. This study aims to compare egg size intraspecifically among small and large systems. In particular, we focus on populations from the Laurentian Great Lakes, which exhibit similar broadscale physical processes as marine systems, and smaller inland lakes (<1,000 ha), whose ecosystems contain many of the same species. In 2018 and 2019, we collected egg samples from spawning walleye (Sander vitreus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in both inland lake and Great Lake populations. From each female, we recorded total lengths, and measured average diameters of ten eggs. Using ANCOVA models, we compared mean length-adjusted egg diameters intraspecifically among populations of both species. For both walleye and yellow perch, we found that females from inland lakes produced larger mean length-adjusted egg diameters than those of the Great Lakes. This pattern was particularly evident for yellow perch, whereas for walleye the pattern was relatively weak, potentially due to stocking eroding population-specific selection for egg size. These intraspecific patterns are consistent with cross-system interspecific variation in fish egg size.
(11022450), Jonathan Mark LaCombe. "DYRK1A-RELATED TRABECULAR DEFECTS IN MALE TS65DN MICE EMERGE DURING A CRITICAL DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOW." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDown syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The presence of an extra copy of an entire chromosome greatly disrupts the copy number and expression of over 350 protein coding genes. This gene dosage imbalance has far-reaching effects on normal development and aging, leading to cognitive and skeletal defects that emerge earlier in life than the general population.
The present study begins by characterizing skeletal development in young male Ts65Dn mice to test the hypothesis that skeletal defects in male Ts65Dn mice are developmental in nature.Femurs from young mice ranging from postnatal day 12- to 42-days of age (P12-42) were measured and analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Cortical defects were present generally throughout development, but trabecular defects emerged at P30 and persisted until P42.
The gene Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1a (Dyrk1a) is triplicated in both DS and in Ts65Dn mice and has been implicated as a putative cause of both cognitive and skeletal defects. To test the hypothesis that trisomic Dyrk1a is related to the emergence of trabecular defects at P30, expression of Dyrk1a in the femurs of male Ts65Dn mice was quantified by qPCR. Expression was shown to fluctuate throughout development and overexpression generally aligned with the emergence of trabecular defects at P30.
The growth rate in trabecular measures between male Ts65Dn and euploid littermates was similar between P30 and P42, suggesting a closer look into cellular mechanisms at P42. Assessment of proliferation of BMSCs, differentiation and activity of osteoblasts showed no significant differences between Ts65Dn and euploid cellular activity, suggesting that the cellular microenvironment has a greater influence on cellular activity than genetic background.
These data led to the hypothesis that reduction of Dyrk1a gene expression and pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1A could be executed during a critical period to prevent the emergence of trabecular defects at P30. To tests this hypothesis, doxycycline-induced cre-lox recombination to reduce Dyrk1a gene copy number or the DYRK1A inhibitor CX-4945 began at P21. The results of both genetic and pharmacological interventions suggest that trisomic Dyrk1a does not influence the emergence of trabecular defects up to P30. Instead, data suggest that the critical window for the rescue of trabecular defects lies between P30 and P42.(8799200), Jessica L. Ma. "Hemodynamic and Geometric Changes of the Female Reproductive System in Health and Disease." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаPreterm birth is the leading cause of newborn mortality, with 15 million babies born premature worldwide every year. Children that do survive early delivery are more likely to develop cognitive abnormalities, motor deficits, heart disease, cerebral palsy, and more. While little is known about the pathophysiology of preterm birth, several pregnancy-related complications are related to preterm birth, namely cervical insufficiency and preeclampsia. In the former, premature cervical remodeling and softening can result in the shortening of the cervix, increasing a woman’s risk of preterm birth; this condition is called cervical insufficiency (CI), which is the inability of the cervix to remain closed as a result of weakened tissues. CI is currently measured by a one-dimensional sonographic cervical length, where < 25 mm indicates shortening. Preeclampsia is a disorder that can be explained through the Page kidney phenomenon: compression of the left renal vein (LRV) causes renal venous outflow obstruction, leading to elevated intrarenal pressure and hypertension. The supine pressor test (SPT) is a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia where a positive test is defined by an increase of 20 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (BP) when shifting from the left lateral recumbent to the supine position. Due to the intense risk of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus, the need to monitor BP changes is critical. Currently, there is an unmet clinical need to characterize the hemodynamic and geometric properties of the female reproductive organs throughout gestation. Utilizing ultrasound imaging can increase our knowledge about the 3D anatomy and systemic changes during pregnancy, unravel risk factors, establish preventative methods, and standardize treatment plans. In this thesis research, we developed a murine model to 1) examine the pathophysiology of renal vein stenosis, and 2) investigate the effects of stenosis on various cervical dimensions. Renal vein stenosis was found to greatly impact blood flow velocities, as well as cervical width (p<0.05). LRV and cervical area and height also trend towards significance, and there is negative damage to the left kidney and placentae within the stenosed cohort. We also conducted a human study that showed reduced change in postural BP in patients with higher body mass index (BMI). Systolic and diastolic BP in the supine position was significantly greater than in the lateral position for all BMIs with a baseline increase in BP of approximately 9-14 mmHg. These findings suggest that therapeutic positioning and close monitoring of BP could mitigate the risk of developing related disorders in pregnancy.
Книги з теми "060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology"
Kim, Wallen, and Schneider Jill E, eds. Reproduction in context: Social and environmental influences on reproductive psychology and behavior. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology"
Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. "Fish domestication." In The Process of Animal Domestication, 220–35. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691217666.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаWhite, Sue, Matthew Gibson, David Wastell, and Patricia Walsh. "Breaking the back of love: attachment goes neuro-molecular." In Reassessing Attachment Theory in Child Welfare, 107–22. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336914.003.0006.
Повний текст джерела