Дисертації з теми "060299 Ecology not elsewhere classified"
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Arnold, Bram. "Walking home : the path as transect in an 800km autoethnographic enquiry." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2016. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/9634/.
Повний текст джерелаDenny, Kirsty Marie. "The diet of moreporks (Ninox novaeseelandiae) in relation to prey availability, and their roost site characteristics and breeding success on Ponui Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1213.
Повний текст джерела(5929442), Sahar Abdelrazek. "CARROT ENDOPHYTES: DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND FUNCTION." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаEndophytes are a unique group of microorganisms that spend at least part of their life cycle within plant tissues. These microbes are increasingly being recognized for their potential to improve the health and productivity of their host plants. Recent studies indicate that endophytes could also influence human health by altering the composition of chemical compounds within plants, thereby affecting their nutritional quality and flavor. In addition, the presence of endophytes in edible plant tissues could directly affect human health by introducing microbes that can stimulate the immune system or act as opportunistic pathogens in people with compromised immune systems. However, despite their potential importance for plant and human health, these plant-associated microbes have been understudied due to a lack of visible symptoms associated with their presence and difficulty in isolating them from plant tissues. In the present studies, we hypothesized that endophytes play an important role in carrot, one of the most important vegetable crops in the world.
Carrot is well known as an important source of vitamins, antioxidants and other nutrients in the human diet, and carrot taproots are often consumed raw. Carrot crops are slow to establish and are subject to assault by a wide range of pests that negatively affect the health and productivity of this crop, as well as the storage potential of its taproots. Consequently, the aim of these studies was to examine endophyte dynamics in carrot. Studies were carried out in field, greenhouse and laboratory trials using a diverse set of carrot genotypes with broad genetic backgrounds and physiological characteristics. Endophyte communities were studied using traditional culture-based techniques, along with low and high throughput sequencing technologies.
Results of these studies demonstrate that carrot seeds and taproots are colonized by an abundant and diverse set of endophytic microbial taxa. Many of these endophytes could solubilize phosphorous, fix atmospheric nitrogen, produce siderophores and auxin and suppress infection by a key carrot pathogen, Alternaria dauci, demonstrating their potential importance for maintaining carrot health and productivity. Some of the endophytes identified in these trials were vertically transmitted to progeny inside carrot seeds, indicating that they could be part of a core microbiome that evolved alongside carrot plants, and are likely to be critical in early seedling establishment. We also determined that carrot endophytes could be acquired via horizontal transmission from soil with greater soil health in an organic relative to a conventionally managed system resulting in greater populations of endophytes with antagonistic activity against A. dauci. Finally, endophyte communities varied among the genotypes evaluated in this study, with some being more responsive to the presence of greater populations of beneficial endophytes in their environments. This indicates that it could someday be possible to begin selecting for these beneficial plant microbial relationships in breeding programs.
Based on the results of these studies, we conclude that endophytes do indeed play an important role in carrot. Additional research aimed at determining how these microbes functionally interact with carrot plants and identifying practical approaches to manipulate these communities to enhance the productivity and quality of carrot taproots, are recommended. A new isolation technique identified in these trials will aid in these efforts.
(9187844), Brandon M. Quinby. "Ecology and Ecophysiology of Burying Beetles in a Fragmented Eastern Deciduous Forest." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерела(6613415), Leonardo Enrico Bertassello. "Eco-Hydrological Analysis of Wetlandscapes." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(6631880), Abigail Ranee Schnelker. "POPULATION GENETICS OF CREEK CHUB (SEMOTILUS ATROMACULATUS) IN A POSTGLACIAL, AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(8815928), Samantha Jurecki. "APPLICATION AND VALIDATION OF THE EDNA-METABARCODED MIFISH/MITOFISH PIPELINE FOR ASSESSMENT OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE FISH COMMUNITIES OF LAKE MICHIGAN." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерела(5930552), Daniel E. Bird. "Modeling Habitat Use and Road Based Disturbance of Mule Deer in New Mexico." 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAs human activity expands across the globe, disturbance of wildlife by anthropogenic activities such as fragmentation of habitat, and wildlife-human conflicts escalate. The Pueblo of Santa Ana is receiving pressure from road expansion and urban development and is concerned with the impacts of those activities upon wildlife populations. Specifically, mule deer is a species of concern for their Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Mule deer are important economically, culturally, and for recreational purposes. The DNR understands the need for better understanding mule deer ecology to manage for potential conflicts in their interactions with expanding human infrastructure. My objectives were first to model mule deer habitat use in and around the Pueblo of Santa Ana during the summer and winter at different times of the day. My second objective was to understand the relative impacts of different scenarios for road development in the Pueblo of Santa Ana upon the disturbance of mule deer using an Individual Based Modeling (IBM) framework.
Using Geospatial Positioning System telemetry collar data collected on mule deer I used proximity based habitat predictors in a general linear mixed model to create resource selection functions. Generally I found that the season had a greater impact on mule deer habitat use than the time of day. Female and male mule deer select for similar habitat but sexually segregate in their summer distributions. My findings are consistent with results from other locations where mule deer studies have been conducted. In chapter two, I used the Simulation of Disturbance Activities (SODA) modeling framework to investigate the impact of vehicles on mule deer disturbance response behaviors, alert and fleeing. Using this framework I compared a baseline scenario to road expansion scenarios (DamRoad, ByPass, DeerCrossing) estimating the frequency of disturbance behavior of mule deer for each such scenario. My results show that mule deer were disturbed most in the baseline model. There were no significant differences in the frequency of disturbance for female mule deer across scenarios. Male mule deer did have some significant differences in alert and fleeing behavior across scenarios. My results may be a function of assumptions made in my modeling. Specifically, I assumed that mule deer would shift their areas of activity to new portions of the Pueblo of Santa Ana in response to altered habitat quality caused by new roads. If mule deer did not shift their areas of activity accordingly, my models may provide inaccurate assessments of disturbance patterns.
In conclusion my findings are similar to results from other locations. Specifically, the inferences that roads and road development are important to consider for mule deer management transcends variation associated with the unique characteristics of the Pueblo of Santa Ana mule deer population. Finally, my results suggest that the use of an IBM modeling framework has the potential to provide insights into the disturbance of mule deer by vehicular traffic even if my conclusions were constrained by study design.(7366307), Taylor J. Senegal. "Trophic ecology and habitat occupancy of yellow perch in nearshore Lake Michigan and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(8752419), Jessica M. Outcalt. "Stopover ecology of migrating birds in Indiana." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBillions of birds migrate annually between breeding and wintering habitats, following transient resources. Though a majority of time is spent in breeding and wintering habitats, habitats used during the migratory periods are especially important for migrating birds. Migration and stopovers, where birds rest and refuel before continuing a migratory journey, are critical points in a bird’s annual lifecycle, and are important ecologically, socially, and economically. Populations of migratory birds are declining on a global scale, however, and proper management is vital to their persistence in an urbanizing environment. Indiana in the Midwestern United States is an important area in which to study stopover ecology of migratory birds, as it is a fragmented forest- urban-agricultural matrix almost entirely managed through private ownership. In this dissertation, I studied three questions of stopover ecology within the landscape context of the Midwestern United States, primarily using weather surveillance radar and eBird citizen science data.
First, I studied spatiotemporal changes over an 11-year period (autumn 2005-2016 and spring 2006-2017) in densities of nocturnally migrating birds at two radar stations in Indiana. I found that mean density of migratory birds stopping over in Indiana declined by approximately 6.8% annually, but variability in stopover site use increased over the same period. This is consistent with other work completed on continental scales, and highlights the need for further conservation of migratory birds. Second, I studied patterns of stopover site use in Indiana during spring 2016- 2017 and autumn 2015-2016, identifying landscape and local factors associated with those patterns. I used both traditional land cover characteristics and a novel approach using human socioeconomic measures to describe these patterns, and found that socioeconomics, particularly the size of a housing unit, were among the most important predictors of migratory bird density in Indiana. The results from this study suggest that migratory birds are utilizing urban habitats, which are known to contain several novel hazards for birds, but that migratory birds will benefit greatly from interdisciplinary work focusing on urban habitats. Third, I explored a novel method of using weather surveillance radar and eBird citizen science data in combination with each other, to see if both measures provided similar estimates of bird abundances during stopover. Though I found no correlation between the two, I argue that eBird and radar still provide important and complementary insights for the field of migration ecology. Finally, I provide guidelines for private landowners in Indiana on management for declining populations of migratory birds.
(10732299), Shannon K. Donohue. "Phosphorus Chemistry and Release in Restored and Agricultural Floodplains Following Freezing and Thawing." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDisturbance regimes like freezing and thawing (FT) can have potentially significant impacts on nutrient release from soil and are predicted to increase with climate change. This is particularly important in biogeochemical hotspots like floodplains that can both remove and release nutrients to surface waters during flooding. Connection between the river and floodplain can improve water quality by reducing nutrient loads through microbial processes and sedimentation. However, conditions during flooding can also lead to phosphorus (P) release from pools that are not normally bioavailable. Disturbance events like FT can also lead to changes in bioavailable P due to microbial cell lysis. This study investigates differences in P chemistry and flux during flooding from intact soil cores that have undergone a FT cycle compared to soils that have not undergone freezing. Floodplain soils were collected from four sites along the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers in Indiana. We hypothesized that (i) the primary pools of P within the soil would change with freezing (ii) and flooding; (iii) frozen treatment cores would release more P during flood incubations than unfrozen control cores; and (iv) processes controlling P release during flood incubations would change after FT due to changes in the primary pools of P in the soil cores.
On average, soil cores that underwent FT released greater amounts of P than unfrozen cores over the course of the 3-week experimental flood incubation. Phosphorus release in both unfrozen control and FT treatment cores during flooding was explained in part by soil extractable Al and Fe and redox status; however, P release was influenced by soil Ca-P in the FT cores to a greater extent than unfrozen cores. Phosphorus release in FT cores occurred faster than in control cores with overlying water concentrations peaking 2 weeks after onset of flooding, followed by lower concentrations at 3 weeks. Whereas control cores had some release and uptake early on but then released P throughout the 3-week incubation—supporting the hypothesis that drivers of P release were different after FT. Interactive effects of FT and flooding suggest that concentration gradients between soil pore water and overlying surface water could have enhanced dissolution of the Ca-P pool, highlighting the importance of floodwater chemistry to P dynamics following FT. This study provides an important link between observed winter floodplain P loss and potential drivers of release and retention, which is critical to informing floodplain restoration design and management through all seasons.
(10279934), Jonathan T. Vannatta. "Community and Ecosystem Level Implications of Helminth Parasitism." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(10716291), Alison Jenele Meeth. "FORAGING ECOLOGY OF NESTING GREEN, OLIVE RIDLEY, AND LEATHERBACK TURTLES FROM NORTHWEST COSTA RICA." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(7022885), Franklin W. Wagner. "Cross-Compatibility of Aerial and Terrestrial Lidar for Quantifying Forest Structure." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаForest canopies are a critical component of forest ecosystems as they influence many important functions. Specifically, the structure of forest canopies is a driver of the magnitude and rate of these functions. Therefore, being able to accurately measure canopy structure is crucial to ensure ecological models and forest management plans are as robust and efficient as possible. However, canopies are complex and dynamic entities and thus their structure can be challenging to accurately measure. Here we study the feasibility of using lidar to measure forest canopy structure across large spatial extents by investigating the compatibility of aerial and terrestrial lidar systems. Building on known structure-function relationships measured with terrestrial lidar, we establish grounds for scaling these relationships to the aerial scale. This would enable accurate measures of canopy structural complexity to be acquired at landscape and regional scales without the time and labor requirements of terrestrial data collection. Our results illustrate the potential for measures of canopy height, vegetation area, horizontal cover, and canopy roughness to be upscaled. Furthermore, we highlight the benefit of utilizing multivariate measures of canopy structure, and the capacity of lidar to identify forest structural types. Moving forward, lidar is a tool to be utilized in tandem with other technologies to best understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of forests and the influence of physical ecosystem structure.
(10711260), Laura Christine St Andrews. "ASSESSING DIFFERENT MONITORING TECHNIQUES FOR JUVENILE GREEN TURTLES (CHELONIA MYDAS) IN THE BAHAMAS." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(9183308), Maria Del Rosario Uribe Diosa. "CLIMATE, LAND COVER CHANGE AND THE SEASONALITY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTropical ecosystems play a key role in regulating the global climate and the carbon cycle thanks to the large amounts of water and carbon exchanged with the atmosphere. These biogeochemical fluxes are largely the result of high photosynthetic rates. Photosynthetic activity is highly dependent on climate and vegetation, and therefore can be easily modified along with changes in those two factors. A better understanding of what drives or alters photosynthetic activity in the tropics will lead to more accurate predictions of climate and subsequent effects on ecosystems. The seasonal pattern of photosynthetic activity is one of the main uncertainties that we still have about tropical ecosystems. However, this seasonality of tropical vegetation and its relationship to climate change and land cover is key to understanding how these ecosystems could be affected and have an effect on climate.
In this dissertation, I present three projects to improve our understanding about tropical ecosystems and how their photosynthetic activity is affected by climate and land cover change. The lack of field-based data has been one of the main limiting factors in our study of tropical ecosystems. Therefore, in these projects I extensively use remote sensing-derived data to analyze large scale and long term patterns. In the first study, I looked at the seasonal relationship between photosynthetic activity and climate, and how model simulations represent it. Vegetation in most of the tropics is either positively correlated with both water and light, or positively correlated with one of them and negatively with the other. Ecosystem models largely underestimate positive correlations with light and overestimate positive correlations with water. In the second study, I focus on the effect of land cover change in photosynthetic activity and transpiration in a highly deforested region in the Amazon. I find that land cover change decreases tropical forests photosynthetic activity and transpiration during the dry season. Also, land cover change increases the range of photosynthetic activity and transpiration in forests and shrublands. These effects are intensified with increasing land cover change. In the last project, I quantify the amount of change in evapotranspiration due to land cover change in the entire Amazon basin. Our remote sensing-derived estimates are well aligned with model predictions published in the past three decades. These results increase our confidence in climate models representation of evapotranspiration in the Amazon.
Findings from this dissertation highlight (1) the importance of the close relationship between climate and photosynthetic activity and (2) how land cover change is altering that relationship. We hope our results can build on our knowledge about tropical ecosystems and how they could change in the future. We also expect our analysis to be used for model benchmarking and tropical ecosystem monitoring.
Ghorbani, Ardavan. "Terrestrial survey and remotely-sensed methods for detecting the biological soil crust components of rangeland condition." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:37800.
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