Дисертації з теми "030503 Organic Chemical Synthesis"
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Weinstein, Randy D. (Randy David) 1971. "Organic synthesis in suppercritical carbon dioxide." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9652.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 185-201).
Many industrially important synthesis reactions are carried out in liquid solvents such as aromatic compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other organic liquids which pose environmental and health hazards either because of their toxicity or their persistence in the environment. Hence proper disposal of these solvents and the prevention of accidental releases or routine emissions cause serious difficulties and costs for the industries who use them. An approach to mitigating these problems is to use alternative solvents that are environmentally benign or that can be completely recycled in a closed-loop process. One such alternative solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide. Although supercritical carbon dioxide is used in many industrial extraction and chromatography processes it is not widely used as a reaction medium and its effects on chemical reactions are not well understood. The goals of this research were to gain a better understanding as to the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide through a systematic investigation of solvent conditions on the rates and selectivities of several model organic synthesis reactions. In addition, the use of environmentally benign catalysts/promoters in gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide as well as developing chemical pathways in which carbon dioxide can act as a solvent as well as a reactant were explored to expand the possible industrial applications. In the pursuit of these goals, new reactors, feed and sampling procedures, as well as new chemical pathways were explored. Specifically, the bimolecular rate constants of the Diets-Alder reaction of ethyl acrylate and cyclopentadiene were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide from 38 to 88 °C and pressures from 80 to 210 bar. At constant temperature, the rate increased with pressure or density and was most dramatic near the critical point of carbon dioxide. A traditional Arrhenius expression was used to correlate the kinetic data at a constant system density. All of the rate constant data were normalized to the rate constant at the same temperature and at a fixed density of 0.5 g/cm3. These normalized rate constants over a range of temperatures then collapsed on a single line as a function of density. Rates could be predicted using a bimolecular Arrhenius expression with the pre-exponential term having a linear dependence on density. Theoretically, a rigorous transition state theory rate constant was derived and used to gain a better understanding of the non-ideal solvent-reactant-product interactions which could influence the rate. Effects of pressure/density and temperature on the regio- and stereo- selectivity of several Diels-Alder reactions were explored. Regioselectivity did not correlate well with density changes; however, stereoselectivity did. As pressure was increased, the endo isomer always increased in the supercritical region. The stereoselectivity changes were modeled using temperature and density as the model inputs. Again, the rigorous transition state theory rate constant was used to explain the observed selectivity changes. Phase behavior played an important role in these investigations, sometimes influencing selectivity. The design and construction of reactors with a sapphire window allowed for visual access into the reaction environment to monitor phase behavior. Silica was shown to increase the rate and selectivity of several Diels-Alder reactions in carbon dioxide. Pressure/density effects were explored using the reaction of methyl vinyl ketone and penta-1,3-diene. Pressure did not affect the selectivity; however, it had a large effect on the yield of the reaction. This was discovered to be caused by the change in phase partitioning of the reactants between the fluid phase and the solid surface as pressure was changed. Adsorption isotherms at various pressures and temperatures were found. Because of the non-ideal system, the thermodynamic effect of temperature on the adsorption equilibrium needed to be derived. The effect of temperature on the adsorption was found at constant pressure. Although an enthalpy of adsorption could be determined, the presence of non-ideal phase behavior complicates its interpretation. In general, the adsorption enthalpy consists of partial molar enthalpies of both species (reactant and carbon dioxide) on/in both phases (solid/fluid). At constant density, the effect of temperature allows for the direct calculation of the entropy of adsorption. This term is affected by the partial molar entropies of both species on/in both phases. Three different carboxylation reactions were investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide. The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction (direct carboxylation of a phenolate salt) was found to proceed at high yields in supercritical carbon dioxide. Attempts at lowering the temperature of reaction by using cosolvents was not successful. Temperature and pressure had minimal effect on the selectivity of the reaction. Two other carboxylation reactions were examined. In the first study, the homogeneous catalyzed caboxylation of an allylsilane was performed in supercritical carbon dioxide. Pressure did not appear to affect the reaction; however, there was a narrow temperature range which allowed the reaction to proceed. At best, yields were only 15%. The final reaction studied was the catalyzed (Lewis acid) carboxylation of an alkene by carbon dioxide. Unfortunately it did not proceed in supercritical carbon dioxide to any measurable extent at temperatures of 40 to 350 °C with and without the presence of various catalysts.
by Randy D. Weinstein.
Ph.D.
Kimani, Flora, and Flora Kimani. "Triazabutadiene Chemistry in Organic Synthesis and Chemical Biology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620986.
Повний текст джерелаRickards, Andrew M. J. "Hygroscopic organic aerosol : thermodynamics, kinetics, and chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686238.
Повний текст джерелаMcMurray, Brian Thomas. "Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of organosulphur compounds." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359111.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Wen-Hsuan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Development of microreactor setups for microwave organic synthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98157.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-140).
The main contribution of this work is the understanding of microwave heating and the microreactor design challenges involved through both chemical experiments and computational models. The original goal of this research is to develop a microreactor system in order to carry the microwave organic synthesis in continuous flow format and to understand the basic phenomena of microwave heating through accurate kinetic studies. Several heating issues were observed with the first microreactor setup, including an uneven temperature distribution across the microwave irradiated area and a temperature limitation that depends on the position of the reactor. To find the root of these problems, the electromagnetic field and the heat transfer scheme of the microwave system were modeled with COMSOL. The simulations show that there are three main causes to the heating issues: (1) the electric field has an inherent resonance structure and thus has an uneven magnitude within the microwave cavity, (2) the electric field changes with not only the material, but also the sizes and positions of the objects in the microwave cavity, (3) the air gaps in the microwave waveguide creates a large natural convection heat loss. The simulations gave us a deeper understanding of the microwave heating phenomena and were used to find the optimum design of the microreactor. A second multiple-layered glass reactor was designed accordingly to overcome the heating limitation and minimized the temperature unevenness. However, the non-uniform heating rate cannot be eliminated since it is inherent in the resonance structure of microwaves. Both the experimental results and the simulations of the final reactor show that even though the reactor can reach the desired temperature, the temperature range across the reactor could be up to 20 *C. In addition, it was found that the flow rate of the reaction greatly affects the thermal equilibrium of the reaction volume. Accurate temperature control is therefore still a challenge for kinetic studies to be feasible with the current single-mode microwave system. The benefit of microwave heating is therefore still in the qualitative screening of chemical compounds, a feature which was demonstrated with a Fischer-Indole screening in the final setup.
by Wen-Hsuan Lee.
Ph. D.
Murphy, Edward R. "Microchemical systems for rapid optimization of organic synthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36912.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-119).
In the chemistry laboratory, the desire to use smaller quantities of material to minimize both reagent cost and waste generation has driven chemists to develop new experimental techniques. The current approach to small scale experimentation has mostly been a simple reduction in the size of batch reaction apparatus. Working with these smaller volumes has increased the efficiency of experiments by accelerating the typically time consuming processes of heating, filtration, and drying. Furthermore, when working with hazardous materials, smaller scales minimize the exposure of a chemist to toxic materials and enable easier containment of potentially flammable or explosive systems. The use of microfluidic devices has shown several improvements when compared to traditional batch synthesis. The precise control of reaction conditions enabled within the microreactor format has proved advantageous for a wide range of single and multiphase reactions. Also, unlike conventional bench-top batch reactions, continuous microreactors are capable of producing both analytical and preparative quantities of material by simply changing the amount of reactor effluent collected.
(cont.) The aim of this work was to harness the microsystem advantages of improved safety and process intensification while demonstrating both improved quality and speed of data collection, especially for chemistries that were challenging to explore using standard laboratory techniques. This work required improvements to reactor design, packaging technologies, and experimental techniques in order to use microreactors as a platform for rapidly determining optimum reaction conditions as well as reaction kinetics. Three model reactions were selected to highlight the advantages of microchemical laboratory tools. The synthesis of oligosaccharides served as an example of rapid profiling of the effects of temperature and reaction time. Microreactors improved reaction optimization by reducing waste and dramatically increasing the rate of data collection. High-pressure carbonylation of aryl halides was also explored to characterize the effects of pressure, temperature, and various substrates on product yields. With microreactors, previously inaccessible reaction conditions were explored thus obtaining improved insights into the reaction mechanism.
(cont.) Finally, the production of sodium nitrotetrazolate was used to demonstrate the improved flexibility and safety of a modular microchemical system. The kinetics and pH effects for each step of the synthesis of this energetic compound were measured. This system was also optimized so that the microreactors used to characterize the reaction could be run in parallel as a production method.
by Edward Robert Murphy.
Ph.D.
Coley, Connor Wilson. "Computer assistance in organic synthesis planning and execution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122903.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 409-432).
The identification and synthesis of molecules that exhibit a desired function is an essential part of addressing contemporary problems in science and technology. Small molecules are the predominant solution to challenges in the development of medicines, chemical probes, specialty polymers, and organocatalysts, among others. The typical discovery paradigm is an iterative process of designing candidate compounds, synthesizing those compounds, and testing their performance. The rate at which this process yields successful compounds can be limited by bottlenecks and mispredictions at all three stages and is plagued by inefficiencies, not the least of which is the manual nature of synthesis planning and execution. This thesis describes techniques to streamline the synthesis of small molecules in this context of pharmaceutical discovery from two perspectives: one experimental and the other using techniques in data science and machine learning.
Part I focuses on the time-, material-, and experimental-efficiency of data collection. It describes the development of an automated microfluidic reactor platform for studying physical and chemical processes at the micromole scale. Synthesis and purification of small molecule compound libraries are performed without human intervention at a scale suitable for a medicinal chemistry setting. Integration of online analytics enables efficient, closed-loop self-optimization using an optimal design of experiments algorithm to identify reaction conditions suitable for production-scale flow synthesis. To complement the generation of new data through automated experimentation, Part II is driven by the goal of applying existing reaction data to problems in synthesis and synthesis design. This includes the development of data-driven methodologies for the design and validation of small molecule synthetic routes.
An enabling factor in ensuring the feasibility of computationally-proposed reactions is the use of models to predict organic reaction outcomes in silico-also useful for impurity prediction-that leverage the flexibility in pattern recognition afforded by neural networks to understand chemical reactivity in the same way we might by reading the literature. Several predictive models are integrated into an overall framework for computer-aided synthesis planning that can rapidly propose routes to new molecules with the complexity of modern active pharmaceutical ingredients. As a final demonstration, machine learning assisted synthesis planning is brought together with laboratory automation to illustrate an accelerated approach to target-oriented flow synthesis. This is a proof-of-concept for how chemical development might one day occur with less human intervention.
by Connor Wilson Coley.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering
Olugbenga, F. S. "Synthesis and physico-chemical studies on conjugated heteroenoid compounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332625.
Повний текст джерелаWoodcock, Steven Robert. "Synthesis and chemical biology of nitrated lipids /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324377731&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-207). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Collins, Beatrice Samora LeFanu. "New catalytic methods and strategies for chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648556.
Повний текст джерелаTucić, Aleksandar. "Wet chemical synthesis and characterization of organic/TiO 2 multilayers." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-34138.
Повний текст джерелаLoke, P. L. "Chemoenzymatic and chemical synthesis of enantiopure quinoline derivatives and alkaloids." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273295.
Повний текст джерелаCarriero, Sandra. "Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of circular, branched and lariat oligonucleotides." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84488.
Повний текст джерелаAn innovative synthetic strategy for the synthesis and cyclization of a medium-sized (21-nucleotide) DNA lariat starting from a CPG-tethered, convergently synthesized branched DNA (bDNA) molecule was devised in Chapter 2. This synthetic route exploited the differential cleavage rates of two CPG-oligonucleotide tethers, namely the base-labile hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetate (Q-linker) and the more robust succinate (S-linker ) linkages, as well as phosphitylation of the 5'-oligonucleotide terminus and cyclization under standard phosphoramidite coupling conditions to effect new phosphodiester bond construction. The results clearly indicate a disadvantageous correlation between high branching efficiency on a densely loaded CPG and the production of dendrimeric (i.e. hyperbranched) oligonucleotide species rather than effective cyclization.
Given the entropic disadvantage of synthesizing medium-sized DNA lariats on solid-support using the method described in Chapter 2, unique intermolecular (i.e. DNA dumbbells) and intermolecular template-mediated approaches for lariat cyclization commencing with convergently and divergently synthesized bDNAs and bRNAs were developed in Chapter 3. Both methods lead to the exclusive and high-yielding formation of medium sized (46--57 nucleotides) DNA and RNA lariats. Parameters for successful phosphodiester bond construction were also elucidated in both systems.
A novel class of highly specific and potent oligonucleotide-based HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors, RNA dumbbells, comprising of a 10 base-pair stem and two flanking UUCG hairpin-loop motifs are described in Chapter 4. Explicitly, such constructs were capable of selectively hampering the RNase-H mediated activity of the retroviral enzyme without consequence to its DNA polymerase function with an IC50 in the 3 muM range. Its precise interaction with the RNase H domain of RT was authenticated via a UV-crosslinking assay. Furthermore, the RNA dumbbells did not inflict any effect on mammalian RNase H activity, suggesting that such compounds would not obstruct cellular RNase H function.
Chapter 5 describes the utility of synthetic bRNA for the inhibition and modulation of pre-mRNA splicing in yeast and mammalian in vitro systems. Most notably, synthetic bNAs can be suitably exploited as agents for the study of branchpoint recognition during in vitro splicing of a pre-mRNA transcript. The results clearly indicate the requirement for a fully formed branchpoint (i.e. 5 '-, 2'- and 3'-extensions; Y-shaped molecules) off the conserved branchpoint adenosine for efficient splicing inhibition. Specific methods for stabilizing bNAs against ubiquitous cellular exo- and endonucleases as well as the 2'-scissle (2'-debranching) activity present in the HeLa extract milieu are also described.
Mohamed, Nazim. "Synthesis of derivatized oxopiperazines from amino acids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/NQ44518.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFerguson, Ronald Dale 1966. "Design, synthesis and biological screening of combinatorial chemical libraries." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278584.
Повний текст джерелаMillington, Christopher Russell. "Novel linkers for the solid phase synthesis of combinatorial chemical libraries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299225.
Повний текст джерелаTheberge, Ashleigh Brooks. "Droplet-based microfluidics for chemical synthesis and integrated analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609687.
Повний текст джерелаMaguire, Nuala Margaret. "Chemical preparations, enzymatic syntheses and pericyclic reaction of (13S)-HODE and derivatives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332299.
Повний текст джерелаGuillemard, Véronique. "Design and chemical synthesis of selective cancer therapeutics." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85073.
Повний текст джерелаGrowth factor receptors are one of the most extensively studied groups of tumor markers. The implication of growth factor receptors in the pathogenesis of cancer has clearly been established and therefore, provides a rationale for therapeutic intervention. The targeting of cytotoxic substances to defined cell populations with "magic bullets" is an old idea that raised high expectations but also disappointment. Over the past decade, newly gained understanding of mechanisms for targeted therapy have brought new hopes. Pharmacological agents that selectively target and block the action of growth factors and their receptors have been attempted, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (whole molecule or fragments), bispecific antibodies, mAbs conjugated to drugs, toxins or radioisotopes, small peptidic and peptidomimetic molecules in free form or conjugated to drugs, anti-sense oligonucleotides, immunoliposomes-encapsulated drugs, and small molecule inhibitors. We designed, synthesized and characterized new chemotherapeutic agents consisting of Paclitaxel or Doxorubicin as anti-cancer drugs chemically coupled to growth factor receptor-selective monoclonal antibodies or small peptides as targeting agents. We show that the conjugates were selective and specific towards the targeted receptors, and had significant increased efficiency compared to parent drugs. More importantly, the conjugates were able to bypass p-glycoprotein-mediated resistance both in vitro and in vivo. These findings have considerable importance since drug resistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure.
Zsótér, András. "Robotic chemical synthesis using forth as an interactive development environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17492695.
Повний текст джерелаKewley, Adam. "The synthesis and separation properties of organic cage compounds." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010659/.
Повний текст джерелаMcCarten, Paul. "Synthesis and reactivity of alpha-heteroaton substituted organoiron compounds." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30503.
Повний текст джерелаFolkins, Patricia L. (Patricia Lorna). "The synthesis, structure and chemical reactivity of cyclic and bridged bicyclic sulfur-containing herterocycles." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39272.
Повний текст джерелаThe m-CPBA oxidation of the above bridged bicyclic thiosulfinate esters was followed at low temperature using $ sp1$H and $ sp{13}$C NMR spectroscopy. $ alpha$-Disulfoxides were detected as the first intermediates in this oxidation process and were seen at temperatures and concentrations greater than any previously reported. Strong evidence was also found to suggest the intermediacy of O,S-sulfenyl sulfinates. A clear mechanistic proposal for the rearrangement of bridged bicyclic $ alpha$-disulfoxides to their corresponding thiosulfonate esters was presented based on experimental results.
Attempts towards the synthesis of the bridged bicyclic disulfide analogue of ergosterol peroxide using diatomic sulfur methodologies were reported. These attempts were not successful.
The generation of the pseudo-diatomic species, R-P = S (thioxophosphanes), using a methodology previously developed in our laboratory was examined. The thioxophosphanes (R = C$ sb6$H$ sb5$, C$ sb2$H$ sb5$ and p-Cl-C$ sb6$H$ sb4$) were trapped with 1,3-dienes to give cyclic and bridged bicyclic thiophosphoranes.
Lawandi, Janice. "Development and application of chemical tools for the design and synthesis of bioactive molecules." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92314.
Повний текст джерелаLors de la conception d'un nouveau principe actif, les chimistes médicinaux disposent d'un grand nombre d'outils leur permettant de générer rapidement une série de composés ayant une action spécifique. L'optimisation du procédé chimique requiert l'utilisation et le développement de méthodes toujours plus simples, rapides et peu couteuses. Ainsi, nous avons souhaité concevoir et utiliser quelques outils chimiques permettant de résoudre certains de ces problèmes. Cette thèse présente des outils spécifiques à la chimie médicinale et la chimie des procédés. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à une enzyme : la prolyl oligopeptidase. Nous avons tout d'abord répertorié un grand nombre de données, quant à son implication dans certains troubles neurologiques (ex. : maladie d'Alzheimer), ainsi que de nombreux programmes de recherche visant le développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs conçus à partir de la structure du substrat naturel. Dans l'optique de mieux comprendre l'environnement chimique du site de liaison de l'enzyme et concevoir notre propre inhibiteur sélectif, nous avons synthétisé et testé une série de composés pseudo-peptidiques et peptidomimétiques. Lors de cette étude, nous avons identifié deux inhibiteurs covalents, actifs et sélectifs : l'un pseudo-peptidique (IC50 = 3-7 nM), l'autre peptidomimétique (IC50 = 20-700 nM). Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous avons rapporté les méthodes déjà existantes permettant une fonctionnalisation régioselective des différents groupements alcools des hexopyranosidases afin de rendre plus accessible l'utilisation des sucres en chimie médicinale. La compilation de cette recherche bibliographique dans une table permettra aux chimistes de facilement sélectionner la méthode la plus adéquate. Afin de réduire le nombre d'étapes (protections et déprotections) associées à la chimie des sucres, nous avons appliqué le groupement protecteur-directeur dév
Mciteka, Lulama Patrick. "Novel applications of Morita-Baylis-Hillman methodology in organic synthesis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007598.
Повний текст джерелаDavis, Randon Emerson. "Development and Synthesis of 7-Alkylguanosine Pronucleosides for Application in Chemical Solid-State Oligoribonucleic Acid Synthesis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595274318375068.
Повний текст джерелаZsótér, András. "Robotic chemical synthesis using forth as an interactive development environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31235505.
Повний текст джерелаOh, Young-im. "Approaches to the synthesis of the oxa-bridged germacrane ring system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27566.
Повний текст джерелаBentley, Scott Alexander. "Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e619a66-6277-48c2-8a2e-24f8206e52b3.
Повний текст джерелаZavahir, Fathima Sifani. "Development of visible light photocatalysts for organic fine chemical production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96049/1/Fathima%20Sifani_Zavahir_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCuesta, Aluja Laia. "Towards green synthesis of organic carbonates: Utilization of CO2 as a chemical feedstock." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401818.
Повний текст джерелаLa presente Tesis doctoral se centra en el uso de dióxido de carbono tanto como materia prima para la síntesis de carbonatos cíclicos y policarbonatos de alto valor añadido, como disolvente alternativo. Se ha estudiado el potencial catalítico de diferentes sistemas catalíticos metálicos, destacando la alta actividad y selectividad; el uso de condiciones suaves y catalizadores favorables para medio ambiente y, también, el esclarecimiento del mecanismo de reacción centrandose en el papel de cada componente catalítico. Se ha descrito el alto potencial catalítico de los complejos con baja toxicidad y gran abundancia terrestre como por ejemplo, los complejos de Al(III) y Fe(III) con ligandos tetradentados N2O2; y los complejos de Zn(II) y Fe(III) con ligandos tridentados NN'O. Además, en el transcurso de esta Tesis se logró la obtención de carbonato de metil oleato, derivado de aceites naturales, mediante los complejos de Al(III), Zn(II) y Fe(III). Por otra parte, se encontraron que los complejos de Fe(III) son activos tanto para la epoxidación de olefinas y la síntesis de carbonatos orgánicos. Asimismo, se realizó un estudio preliminar sobre la carboxilación oxidativa del estireno para la obtención de carbonato de estireno utilizando scCO2 tanto como reactivo y solvente con un complejo de Fe(III) con ligando tridentado NN'O.
This doctoral Thesis was focused on the use of carbon dioxide as both C1 building block for the synthesis of useful cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates and its uses as a plausible alternative solvent. We studied the catalytic potential of different metal-catalyzed systems, highlighting the high catalytic activity and selectivity; the use of mild conditions and environmentally friendly metal catalysts and also the elucidation of the possible reaction mechanism giving a plausible catalytic role of each component. It was described the high potential of a low-toxic and earth-abundant Al(III) and Fe(III) complexes bearing tetradentate N2O2-donor ligand whereas the high activity of Zn(II) and Fe(III) complexes bearing tridentate NN'O-donor ligands. An important and greener goal of this Thesis was the obtention of methyl oleate carbonate, derived from natural oils, with those metal earth abundant Al(III), Zn(II) and Fe(III) complexes. Moreover, iron complexes were found to be active both for olefin epoxidation and organic carbonate synthesis. A preliminary study of direct oxidative carboxylation of styrene towards styrene carbonate using scCO2 as both reactive and solvent with Fe(III) complex bearing NN'O-donor ligand was undertaken.
Tucić, Aleksandar [Verfasser]. "Wet chemical synthesis and characterization of organic, TiO2 multilayers / vorgelegt von Aleksandar Tucić." Stuttgart : Max-Planck-Inst. für Metallforschung, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995389497/34.
Повний текст джерелаElemia, Freire Constancia Felise, Simon Edin, and Chang Ho Lee. "SPME Method for Chemical Analysis of Heavy Organic Trace Compounds in Synthesis Gas." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277054.
Повний текст джерелаI nuläget finns det ingen kommersiell metod för att snabbt extrahera och analysera spår av tjärkomponenteri gasströmmar. Tidigare har solid phase microextraction (SPME) medpolydimetylsiloxan (PDMS) som fast fas undersökts som en möjlig kandidat då den ej kräverlösningsmedel och kan enkelt återanvändas. Detta projekt hade som mål att bevisa att SPMEkan anpassas tillräckligt känsligt för att analysera spår av tjära i syngas med en koncentration påmindre än 0,1 mg/Nm 3 . På grund av komplikationer som uppstod i samband med Covid-19pandemin var det inte möjligt att utföra den praktiska delen av projektet. Istället så har endesign tagits fram för ett koncept som beskriver hur man kan genomföra den praktiska delen.Designen beskriver en två-kammare lösning som kan användas för att ta prover från syngas somkommer direkt från en förgasare. Proverna tas vid temperaturer om 60 °C och 125 °C för attuppnå maximal känslighet. En uppsättning kommersiellt tillgängliga sorbentrör används för attkontrollera resultaten från SPME.
Fitzpatrick, Daniel Ewert. "Engineering chemistry : integrated control strategies and Internet-enabled tools for chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267427.
Повний текст джерелаHay, Duncan A. "Design and synthesis of small molecule chemical probes for bromodomain-containing proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:04f6c56d-72de-4c32-b0fd-cc4bcdc996a8.
Повний текст джерелаLiao, Xiangjun 1970. "Dielectric properties and their application in microwave-assisted organic chemical reactions." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38220.
Повний текст джерелаThe dielectric properties of the model systems showed that they depended on the frequency applied, concentration of the material, and temperature. Most of the predictive models showed that there exists a linear or quadratic relationship between dielectric constant and concentration or temperature. However, the quadratic equation is better than the linear one to describe the variation of the loss factor with temperature or concentration.
Esterification showed great advantages for the use of microwave irradiation in chemical reaction. It included reduction in reaction time, and provided distinct temperature profiles due to microwave environment during chemical reactions. The reason for rate enhancement of this type of reaction was also demonstrated from the temperature profile.
Microwave-assisted solvent free Maillard reaction model system, consisting of glucose and lysine, demonstrated that the heating method applied was not one of the crucial factors, but the temperature level was important during the chemical reaction.
The relationship of loss factor with yield of reaction showed that it is possible to use dielectric data to analyze, and monitor the chemical reaction. It provided a new methodology to analyze the reaction.
The relationship between the loss factor, loss tangent and the reaction time, and concentration of the material showed that it is also possible to use dielectric data at microwave frequencies of 2450 and 915 MHz to study chemical reactions, especially the kinetics.
Lobb, Kevin Alan. "Camphor derivatives in asymmetric synthesis: a synthetic, mechanistic and theoretical study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006770.
Повний текст джерелаMatthews, Jason Shastri. "Design and synthesis of volatile compounds for chemical vapor deposition of electronic materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30487.
Повний текст джерелаMehdizadeh, Ali. "A mechanistic study of the reactions of geminal dihalides with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27172.
Повний текст джерелаCrews, Everett III. "Retroaldo-trapping reactions of [beta]-hydroxy-[alpha]-phenylsulfenyl cyclohexanone and decalone derivatives and the total synthesis of the California red scale sex pheromone." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27404.
Повний текст джерелаSproule, Kenneth. "Microbial production of an aromatic cis-1,2-dihydrodiol and its application in chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334161.
Повний текст джерелаDominique, Romyr. "Application of olefin metathesis reaction towards the synthesis of oligosaccharide mimics: A novel strategy in chemical glycobiology." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28952.
Повний текст джерелаSamra, Babinder Kaur. "The use of enzyme catalysts in organic media for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters." Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9771/.
Повний текст джерелаNdi, Cornelius Ndi. "Synthesis of Chemical Models of Hydrolase Enzymes for Intramolecular Catalysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1356.
Повний текст джерела楊小雯 and Siu-man Yeung. "The synthesis and reactions of 3H-pyrroles bearing methyl and aryl groups." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210119.
Повний текст джерелаVargas, Morales Juan Manuel. "Towards a low temperature synthesis of graphene with small organic molecule precursors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50278.
Повний текст джерелаYe, Yulin. "Design and synthesis of myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor antagonists : design and synthesis of IP3 receptor antagonists." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e75b5e0-d42a-4b58-9c46-7fabff99e10e.
Повний текст джерелаLearmonth, Robin Alec. "Studies in asymmetric synthesis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005018.
Повний текст джерелаHagberg, Daniel. "Synthesis of Organic Chromophores for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Organisk kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10547.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20100716
Cho, Joungmo. "Computational studies of reacting flows with applications in nanoscale materials synthesis." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3372259/.
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