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Статті в журналах з теми "030403 Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules"
Hale, Oliver J., and Helen J. Cooper. "In situ mass spectrometry analysis of intact proteins and protein complexes from biological substrates." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190793.
Повний текст джерелаVisser, Maria J. E., and Etheresia Pretorius. "Atomic Force Microscopy: The Characterisation of Amyloid Protein Structure in Pathology." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 32 (January 8, 2020): 2958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666191121143240.
Повний текст джерелаDing, Yubin, Ksenia Morozova, Matteo Scampicchio, and Giovanna Ferrentino. "Non-Extractable Polyphenols from Food By-Products: Current Knowledge on Recovery, Characterisation, and Potential Applications." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080925.
Повний текст джерелаJoyce, Kieran, Georgina Targa Fabra, Yagmur Bozkurt, and Abhay Pandit. "Bioactive potential of natural biomaterials: identification, retention and assessment of biological properties." Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00512-8.
Повний текст джерелаv, Binish, Zubair Ahmad, Gulzar Ahmad Bhat, Syed Mudassar, and Khursheed Aalam. "Biophysical Characterisation of Amadori Modified Human Serum Albumin: A Prognostic Biomarker for Diabetic Complications." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/51899.16109.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "030403 Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules"
(9127556), Hilary M. Florian. "IMPROVING THE PROTEIN PIPELINE THROUGH NONLINEAR OPTICAL METHODS." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the function and structure of a protein is crucial for informing on rational drug design and for developing successful drug candidates. However, this understanding is often limited by the protein pipeline, i.e. the necessary steps to go from developing protein constructs to generating high-resolution structures of macromolecules. Because each step of the protein pipeline requires successful completion of the prior step, bottlenecks are often created and therefore this process can take up to several years to complete. Addressing current limitations in the protein pipeline can help to reduce the time required to successfully solve the structure of a protein.
The field of nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy provides a potential solution to many issues surrounding the detection and characterization of protein crystals. Techniques such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited UV fluorescence (TPE-UVF) have already been shown to be effective methods for the detection of proteins with high selectivity and sensitivity. Efforts to improve high throughput capabilities of SHG microscopy for crystallization trials resulted in development of a custom microretarder array (μRA) for depth of field (DoF) extension, therefore eliminating the need for z-scanning and reducing the overall data acquisition time. Further work was done with a commercially available μRA to allow for polarization dependent TPE-UVF. By placing the μRA in the rear conjugate plane of the beam path, the patterned polarization was mapped onto the field of view and polarization information was extracted from images by Fourier analysis to aid in discrimination between crystalline and aggregate protein.
Additionally, improvements to X-ray diffraction (XRD), the current gold standard for macromolecular structure elucidation, can result in improved resolution for structure determination. X-ray induced damage to protein crystals is one of the greatest sources of loss in resolution. Previous work has been done to implement a multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscope into the beamline at Argonne National Lab. This instrument aids in crystal positioning for XRD experiments by eliminating the need for X-ray rastering and reduces the overall X-ray dosage to the sample. Modifications to the system to continuously improve the capabilities of the instrument were done, focusing on redesign of the beam path to allow for epi detection of TPE-UVF and building a custom objective for improved throughput of 1064 nm light. Furthermore, a computational method using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was employed for isolation of unperturbed diffraction peaks and provided insight into the mechanism by which X-ray damage occurs. This work has the potential to improve the resolution of diffraction data and can be applied to other techniques where X-ray damage is of concern, such as electron microscopy.
(6831542), Alexander Jon Latta. "Structural and Kinetic Comparison of Acetolactate Synthase and Acetohydroxyacid Synthase from Klebsielle pneumoniae." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAcetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) are two thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the formation of acetolactate from two molecules of pyruvate. In addition to acetolactate, AHAS can catalyze the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and α-ketobutyrate. When formed by AHAS, these compounds are important precursors to the essential amino acids valine and isoleucine. Conversely, ALS forms acetolactate as a precursor to 2,3‑butanediol, a product formed in an alternative pathway to mixed acid fermentation.
While these enzymes catalyze the same reaction, they have been found to be quite different. Such differences include: biological function, pH optimum, cofactor requirements, reaction kinetics and quaternary structure. Importantly, AHAS has been identified as the target of the widely-used sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, which has led to many structural and kinetic studies on AHAS enzymes from plants, bacteria, and fungi. ALS, on the other hand, has only been identified in bacteria, and has largely not seen such extensive characterization. Finally, although some bacteria contain both enzymes, they have never been studied in detail from the same organism.
Here, the ALS and AHAS enzymes from Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied using steady-state kinetic analyses, X-ray crystallography, site-directed and site‑saturation mutagenesis, and cell growth complementation assays to i) compare the kinetic parameters of each enzyme, ii) compare the active sites to probe their differences in substrate profile and iii) test the ability of ALS to function in place of AHAS in vivo.
(8085995), Tahrima Binte Rouf. "Design and Mechanistic Understanding of Zein Nanocomposite Films and Their Implementation in an Amperometric Biosensor for Detection of Gliadin." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаZein is a major storage protein of corn, with unique amphiphilic film forming properties. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in 70% ethanol and acetic acid, and has been declared ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) by the FDA. Due to new advances in food nanotechnology, zein is being investigated for various applications such as biodegradable packaging, oral delivery of proteins and peptides, scaffold for tissue engineering, as well as biodegradable sensor platforms. The time consuming and highly complicated methods for toxin and allergen analysis in the food industry necessitates the need for a rapid, selective, compact and easy-to-use method of detection for analytes. In the scope of this dissertation, we investigated the feasibility of functional zein nanocomposite films and formation of a zein nanocomposite sensor assembly for rapid and highly selective electrochemical measurements of food toxins and allergens. Fabrication of a zein based electrochemical amperometric sensor assembly was studied, first through the comparison of various zein film characteristics changes with the application of Laponite®, graphene oxide and carbon nanotube nanoparticles, followed by a proof-of-concept study by detecting the gluten allergen protein gliadin.
To mechanistically study the functional zein nanocomposite films, Laponite®, a silica nanoparticle, was added in the presence of 70% ethanol solvent and oleic acid plasticizer. The films were studied using various characterization techniques like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water contact angle measurements etc. Through Si-N bond formation between Laponite® and zein, fabricated zein nanocomposite films showed increase in surface hydrophobicity, water vapor barrier properties, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Graphene oxide (GO), a carbon nanoparticle, was also incorporated into zein through the solvent casting process. Uniform dispersion of GO nanoparticles within zein matrix were confirmed up to 1% GO loading, and covalent and hydrogen bonding mechanisms were proposed. Similar to zein-Laponite® (Z-LAP) nanocomposites, zein-GO (Z-GO) showed increase in hydrophobic tendencies, rougher surface and a 300% improvement in Young’s modulus and 180% improvement in tensile strength at only 3% GO loading. Both nanoparticles increased tensile strength, thermal stability and water vapor barrier property of the films, indicating a potential for food packaging as an alternative application for the nanocomposite films.
Finally, the research focused on the fabrication of an electrochemical amperometric sensor, capable of detecting the protein gliadin, which is responsible for the allergic reaction with people having celiac disease. Novel biodegradable coatings made from zein nanocomposites: zein-graphene oxide, zein-Laponite® and zein-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Z-CNT) using drop casting technique were tested for fabricating the electrochemical sensors using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. As Z-CNT produced the strongest signals compared to other nanomaterials, the active tip of the electrochemical sensor was functionalized through a sequence of layer by layer deposition of Z-CNT nanocomposite, antibody and target analyte. Here, Z-CNT acts as a natural linker molecule with large number of functional groups, that causes immobilization of capture antibody and target, to ensure high sensor performance. Both CV curves and SWV curves indicated successful sequential immobilization of gliadin antibody onto the Z-CNT coated electrode. The Z-CNT biosensor was successfully able to give CV signals for gliadin toxins for as low as 0.5 ppm and was highly specific for gliadin in the presence of other interfering molecules, and remained stable over a 30-day period. The low-cost, thin, conductive zein films offered a promising alternative for protein immobilization platforms used in sensors and can be extended to other matrices in biosensors as well as other functional film applications(5929808), Rachel E. Jacobson. "HILIC-MS analysis of protein glycosylation using nonporous silica." Thesis, 2019.
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