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Статті в журналах з теми "¹⁵N Milk proteins":
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Hernández-Caravaca, Iván, Andrés Cabañas, Rebeca López-Úbeda, Leopoldo González-Brusi, Ascensión Guillén-Martínez, Mª José Izquierdo-Rico, Mª Nieves Muñoz-Rodríguez, Manuel Avilés, and Mª Jesús Ruiz García. "Analysis of Minor Proteins Present in Breast Milk by Using WGA Lectin." Children 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9071084.
Анотація:
Breast milk is a complex and dynamic biological fluid and considered an essential source of nutrition in early life. In its composition, the proteins have a relevant biological activity and are related to the multiple benefits demonstrated when compared with artificial milks derived from cow’s milk. Understanding human milk composition provides an important tool for health care providers toward the management of infant feeding and the establishment of breastfeeding. In this work, a new technique was developed to increase the knowledge of human milk, because many of the components remain unknown. To isolate minor proteins present in breast milk by using WGA lectin, breast milk was centrifuged to remove cells and separate the fat phase from the serum phase. The serum obtained was separated into two groups: control (n = 3; whole serum sample from mature milk) and WGA lectin (n = 3; sample processed with WGA lectin to isolate glycosylated proteins). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). A total of 84 different proteins were identified from all of the samples. In the WGA lectin group, 55 different proteins were isolated, 77% of which had biological functions related to the immune response. Of these proteins, there were eight WGA lectin group exclusives, and two had not previously been described in breast milk (polyubiquitin-B and POTE ankyrin domain family member F). Isolation by WGA lectin is a useful technique to detect minor proteins in breast milk and to identify proteins that could not be observed in whole serum.
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Scuderi, Richard A., David B. Ebenstein, Ying-Wai Lam, Jana Kraft, and Sabrina L. Greenwood. "Inclusion of grape marc in dairy cattle rations alters the bovine milk proteome." Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 2 (May 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000372.
Анотація:
AbstractGrape marc (GPM) is a viticulture by-product that is rich in secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), and is used as a supplement in livestock feeding practices. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding GPM to lactating dairy cows would alter the milk proteome through changes in nitrogen (N) partitioning. Ten lactating Holstein cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) top-dressed with either 1.5 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day GPM (GPM group; n = 5) or 2.0 kg DM/cow/day of a 50:50 beet pulp: soy hulls mix (control group; n = 5). Characterization of N partitioning and calculation of N partitioning was completed through analysis of plasma urea-N, urine, feces, and milk urea-N. Milk samples were collected for general composition analysis, HPLC quantification of the high abundance milk proteins (including casein isoforms, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the low abundance protein enriched milk fraction. No differences in DMI, N parameters, or calculated N partitioning were observed across treatments. Dietary treatment did not affect milk yield, milk protein or fat content or yield, or the concentrations of high abundance milk proteins quantified by HPLC analysis. Of the 127 milk proteins that were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, 16 were affected by treatment, including plasma proteins and proteins associated with the blood-milk barrier, suggesting changes in mammary passage. Immunomodulatory proteins, including butyrophilin subfamily 1 member 1A and serum amyloid A protein, were higher in milk from GPM-fed cows. Heightened abundance of bioactive proteins in milk caused by dietary-induced shifts in mammary passage could be a feasible method to enhance the healthfulness of milk for both the milk-fed calf and human consumer. Additionally, the proteome shifts observed in this trial could provide a starting point for the identification of biomarkers suitable for use as indicators of mammary function.
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Ruprichová, Lenka, Michaela Králová, Ivana Borkovcová, Lenka Vorlová, and Iveta Bedáňová. "Determination of whey proteins in different types of milk." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 1 (2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483010067.
Анотація:
Protein analysis is very important both in terms of milk protein allergy, and of milk and dairy product adulteration (β-lactoglobulin may be an important marker in the detection of milk adulteration). The aim of this study was to detect major whey proteins α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin and their genetic variants by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Milk samples from cows (n = 40), goats (n = 40) and sheep (n = 40) were collected at two farms and milk bars in the Czech Republic from April to June 2010. The concentration of α-lactalbumin was higher in goat’s milk (1.27 ± 0.05 g·l-1, P < 0.001) and cow’s milk (1.16 ± 0.02 g·l-1, P = 0.0037) compared to sheep’s milk (0.95 ± 0.06 g·l-1); however, concentration of α-lactalbumin in goat’s milk and cow’s milk did not differ significantly (P < 0.05). Goat’s milk contained less β-lactoglobulin (3.07 ± 0.08 g·l-1) compared to cow’s milk (4.10 ± 0.04 g·l-1, P < 0.001) or sheep’s milk (5.97 ± 0.24 g·l-1, P < 0.001). A highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.8686; P < 0.001) was found between fraction A and B of β-lactoglobulin in sheep’s milk, whereas in cow’s milk there was a negative correlation (r = -0.3010; P = 0.0296). This study summarizes actual information of the whey protein content in different types of milk which may be relevant in assessing their allergenic potential.
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Cunha, Inês Machado, Ana Raquel Pinto, Borja Bartolomé, and Helena Falcão. "Food Allergy to Sheep’s Milk Proteins with Cow’s Milk Tolerance in an Adult Patient." Acta Médica Portuguesa 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.19153.
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Chow, Brian D. W., Juliann L. Reardon, Emily O. Perry, Sonia S. Laforce-Nesbitt, Richard Tucker, and Joseph M. Bliss. "Host Defense Proteins in Breast Milk and Neonatal Yeast Colonization." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415592402.
Анотація:
Background: Colonization increases risk for invasive candidiasis in neonates. Breast milk host defense proteins may affect yeast colonization of infants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate breast milk host defense proteins relative to yeast colonization in infants. Methods: Infants admitted for longer than 72 hours to the neonatal intensive care unit at Women & Infants Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, were eligible. After consent, expressed breast milk and swabs from oral, rectal, and inguinal sites from infants were cultured weekly for 12 weeks, or until discharge, transfer, or death. Breast milk was tested for levels of human lactoferrin, lysozyme, apolipoprotein J, mucin-1, dermcidin, and soluble CD14 using commercial ELISA. Concentrations of these components were compared in breast milk received by infants who were colonized or not colonized with yeast. Results: From an original cohort of 130, 61 infants had samples available for this subanalysis. A convenience sample of stored breast milk was analyzed. Median lactoferrin, apolipoprotein J, and mucin-1 did not differ between colonized and uncolonized groups. Soluble CD14 was higher in the surface-colonized group (1.8 μg/mL, n = 12) compared with the surface-uncolonized group (1.6 μg/mL, n = 12, P = .02). Median lysozyme levels were higher in the surface-uncolonized group (483.0 ng/mL, n = 12) versus the surface-colonized group (298.3 ng/mL, n = 12, P = .04). Median dermcidin levels were higher in the surface-uncolonized group (19.4 ng/mL, n = 12) versus the surface-colonized group (8.7 ng/mL, n = 12, P = .04). Conclusion: This study shows an association between colonization with Candida in neonates and lower levels of lysozyme and dermcidin in received breast milk. Further study is needed to confirm these findings.
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Schwertmann, Annette, Horst Schroten, Jörg Hacker, and Clemens Kunz. "S‐Fimbriae From Escherichia coli Bind to Soluble Glycoproteins From Human Milk." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 28, no. 3 (March 1999): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1999.tb02060.x.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTBackground:Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, expressing S‐fimbriae, belong to the most common gram‐negative pathogens that cause sepsis and meningitis in neonates. The attachment of S‐fimbriae to the cell surface is mediated by membrane glycoconjugates, which often carry N‐acetylneuraminic acid.Methods:Binding studies were performed with glycoproteins from the whey fraction of human milk to investigate whether they exert a potential inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion. Whey glycoproteins were separated according to their molecular weight by fast protein liquid chromatography gel filtration. After sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with isolated S‐fimbriae from recombinant E. coli strain HB (pANN 801‐4).Results:S‐fimbriae recognized four whey proteins with a molecular mass of more than 200 kDa, 170 to 150 kDa, and 80 kDa. Their glycosylation pattern was investigated using the lectins Sambucus nigra, Maackia amurensis, Galanthus nivalis, and Arachis hypogaea. Thus the presence of N‐ and O‐glycans in these proteins was confirmed. The preferential binding to N‐acetylneuraminic acid containing glycoproteins was demonstrated by a complete abolishment of these reactions by incubation with acidic lactose‐derived oligosaccharides. However, the cleavage of N‐acetylneuraminic acid from glycoproteins by mild acid hydrolysis revealed a second binding site for S‐fimbriae on milk proteins of a similar molecular weight range. Terminal galactose in human milk glycoconjugates were thought to react with S‐fimbriae as well.Conclusion:These data further support the opinion that glycoproteins from human milk are potential receptor analogues for certain bacteria that may prevent microbial adhesion to the epithelial cell surface.
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Filgueira, Luis, Gwendoline Kueffer, Alecia-Jane Twigger, Solange Kharoubi, Michael Walch, and Donna T. Geddes. "Antimicrobial Cytotoxic Immune Proteins in Human Milk." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 200.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.200.3.
Анотація:
Abstract Human milk (HM) contains a large variety of immune components providing protection to the infant. The presence of the cytotoxic immune proteins perforin (Per), granulysin (Grly)and granzymes (Grzm)has not yet been shown in HM cells. Per, Grnly and Grzm (A, B, H and M) were examined in cells isolated from samples of prepartum HM (PS) collected during pregnancy and HM collected longitudinally (2–5 sampling occasions) from mothers (n=31) during the first year postpartum, including 3 samples from breast infections. Gene expression was analyzed in RNA sequencing data and using qRT-PCR. Linear modeling and principle component analysis between the genes was conducted. Flow cytometry (n=5) was performed to investigate the presence of these immune proteins in HM cells. Gene expression of all immune proteins was confirmed in PS and in HM during month 1 of lactation, where variation of expression was found between women and time lactation. Strong correlations were found between GrzmA – Per (r2=0.86), GrzmA – CD45 (r2=0.76), Per – CD45 (r2=0.68) and Per – GrzmB (r2=0.67). Comparison between healthy and mastitis samples showed a higher expression of CD45 and all immune peptides in mastitis. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in CD45 positive cells in mastitis in comparison with healthy participants (15.1% and 4.7% respectively of total cell amount). The presence of Per, Grly and Grzm has been confirmed in HM cells. An increase in gene expression of these immune proteins has been confirmed in 3 participants suffering from breast infection. Further investigations are required to elucidate the roles of these immune peptides for the infant and/or mother
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Beg, Obaid Ullah. "Partial Characterization of Platypus (Ornithorhynchus Anatinus) Milk Proteins." Protein & Peptide Letters 2, no. 3 (December 1995): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986650203220603093448.
Анотація:
The purification of milk whey proteins of Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography is presented.The amino acid compositions and N-terminal sequences of purified proteins were determined and the proteins were identified as cysteine rich-whey acidic protein, f3- lactoglobulin and galactosyltransferase.
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Wilde, C. J., C. V. P. Addey, L. M. Boddy, and M. Peaker. "Autocrine regulation of milk secretion by a protein in milk." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050051.
Анотація:
Frequency or completeness of milk removal from the lactating mammary gland regulates the rate of milk secretion by a mechanism which is local, chemical and inhibitory in nature. Screening of goat's milk proteins in rabbit mammary explant cultures identified a single whey protein of M(r) 7600 able to inhibit synthesis of milk constituents. The active whey protein, which we term FIL (Feedback inhibitor of Lactation), also decreased milk secretion temporarily when introduced into a mammary gland of lactating goats. FIL was synthesized by primary cultures of goat mammary epithelial cells, and was secreted vectorially together with other milk proteins. N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that it is a hitherto unknown protein. The evidence indicates that local regulation of milk secretion by milk removal is through autocrine feedback inhibition by this milk protein.
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Dupont, Didier, and StÉphanie Muller-Renaud. "Quantification of Proteins in Dairy Products Using an Optical Biosensor." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.3.843.
Анотація:
Abstract Two recent techniques using optical immunosensor technology were developed for the quantification of milk proteins in dairy products. The first application is the simultaneous quantification of the 3 major caseins (αS1, β, and κ). This assay consists of a 2-step sandwich strategy, with 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal extremities of each of the caseins, respectively. This strategy permits only intact caseins to be quantified, and not their degradation products. The technique is fast (10 min), sensitive (detection limit about 0.87 μg/mL), and has been applied successfully to raw and drinking milks. In the second application, the severity of the heat treatment sustained by a milk of unknown origin is determined by quantifying separately the native and heat-denatured forms of α-lactalbumin with specific monoclonal antibodies. The technique allows discrimination of the different heat treatments studied (pasteurization, direct and indirect ultra-high temperature, sterilization), is fast (4 min), repeatable, fully automated, and requires no pretreatment of the milk sample.
Дисертації з теми "¹⁵N Milk proteins":
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Benhaddou, Soukaïna. "Étude de la biodisponibilité digestive et métabolique des protéines alimentaires après bypass gastrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB005.
Анотація:
La chirurgie bariatrique est le traitement le plus efficace de l'obésité morbide. Le Roux-en-Y bypass gastrique (RYGB) est une des procédures couramment employées. Son efficacité sur la perte de poids et la réduction des comorbidités a été largement démontrée. Bien qu'il soit souvent associé à une dénutrition protéique, les conséquences du RYGB sur la biodisponibilité digestive et métabolique des protéines sont mal connues. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les effets du RYGB sur le devenir digestif et métabolique des protéines alimentaires grâce à l'utilisation d'un repas contenant des protéines de lait marquées à l'azote 15 chez le rat et chez l'Homme. Des rats ont été suivis pendant 1 ou 3 mois après RYGB afin d'évaluer ses effets à moyen terme sur la muqueuse intestinale, la digestibilité et la biodisponibilité métabolique des protéines alimentaires. Cette étude a montré que la digestibilité des protéines n'est pas modifiée par le RYGB, bien que la muqueuse intestinale soit hypertrophiée. Une diminution transitoire de la rétention de l'azote alimentaire dans les organes périphériques et une augmentation persistante de la désamination des acides aminés (AA) alimentaires sont observées. Chez l'Homme, le devenir métabolique des protéines a été évalué 1 mois avant et 6 mois après RYGB chez 4 patients sur 9 inclus (NCT04934826). Trois de ces patients présentent une augmentation légère à marquée du catabolisme des AA. Le RYGB induirait donc des modifications du métabolisme de l'azote alimentaire variables selon l'individu. Ainsi, cette thèse a montré que le RYGB modifie la biodisponibilité métabolique des protéines alimentaires, notamment par une augmentation du catabolisme des AA. En complément de ces études, le développement d'organoïdes d'intestin grêle de rats a été réalisé afin de mimer les modifications intestinales après RYGB. Les organoïdes obtenus présentent une grande variabilité (taille, forme, expression génique), sans différence claire entre ceux issus de rats contrôles et de rats RYGBBariatric surgery stands as the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, with the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) being a commonly employed procedure. Its efficacy in weight loss and the reduction of comorbidities has been extensively demonstrated. Despite its frequent association with protein deficiency, the consequences of RYGB on the digestive and metabolic availability of proteins remain poorly understood. This thesis aims to assess the effects of RYGB on the digestive and metabolic fate of dietary proteins, using a test meal containing ¹⁵N labeled milk proteins in both rats and humans. Rats were monitored for 1 or 3 months post-RYGB to evaluate its mid-term effects on the intestinal mucosa, digestibility, and metabolic availability of dietary proteins. This study showed that protein digestibility was not altered by RYGB, even though the intestinal mucosa is hypertrophied. A transient decrease in nitrogen retention in peripheral organs and a persistent increase in deamination of dietary amino acids (AA) were observed. In humans, the metabolic fate of proteins was assessed one month before and six months after RYGB in 4 patients over 9 included (NCT04934826). Three of them exhibit a mild to marked increase in AA catabolism. RYGB induced variable modifications in dietary nitrogen metabolism among individuals. This thesis demonstrated that RYGB alters the metabolic availability of proteins, mainly through an increase in postprandial catabolism of AA. In addition to these studies, the development of small intestinal organoids of rats was conducted to mimic intestinal modifications after RYGB. The organoids exhibit substantial variability (size, shape, and gene expression), with no differences observed between those derived from control rats and RYGB rats
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Copin, Nane. "Catecholamine synthesising enzymes in the programming of hypertension by mild protein restriction during gestation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268370.
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Castejón, Vilatersana Mireia. "Oligosacáridos de la leche materna, un reto para las leches de fórmula: Ingeniería de proteínas de la enzima lacto-N-biosidasa de Bifidobacterium bifidum para la síntesis de lacto-N-tetraosa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673531.
Анотація:
Actualment es tenen clares evidències dels nombrosos beneficis que els oligosacàrids de la llet materna (human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs) proporcionen als nounats, ja sigui a nivell local o sistèmic. La llet humana es considera única degut a la concentració, qualitat i complexitat dels seus HMOs. Es coneix que aquestes molècules exerceixen diverses funcions biològiques actuant com a prebiòtics, inmuno- moduladors, inhibidors de patògens, entre altres. A dia d’avui s’han identificat més de 200 estructures d’HMOs diferents, essent impossible la seva obtenció a partir de fonts naturals. Degut a la seva elevada complexitat estructural, la síntesi química a gran escala d’aquests carbohidrats segueix sent un repte, requerint de nombroses etapes sintètiques. Per aquet motiu, les llets de fórmula sol contenen principalment HMOs d’estructures simples com 2’FL, DFL y 3’/6’-SL. La síntesi enzimàtica es una interessant alternativa sintètica per la producció d’aquests compostos, ja que, gràcies als enzims, permet controlar la estereo- y regioselectivitat de l’oligosacàrid format. La llet humana presenta com a HMO majoritari el tetrasacàrid lacto-N-tetraosa (LNT) i els seus derivats fucosilats i/o sialilats. L’enzim lacto-N-biosidasa de B.bifidum es el responsable d’hidrolitzat el tetrasacárido LNT en el metabolisme dels infants alimentats amb llet materna.
Amb l’objectiu de produir el compost LNT, en aquesta tesi s’ha realitzat el redisseny de l’enzim lacto-N- biosidasa de B.bifidum (LnbB) amb la finalitat d’obtenir un biocatalitzador eficient per a la producció d’aquest compost. Per aquest fita, s’han aplicat diferents estratègies: i) redisseny racional basat en l’estudi estructural dels subsetis negatius de l’enzim LnbB, ii) redisseny dels subsetis positius de LnbB emprant eines computacionals i iii) síntesis seqüencial de la molècula LNT.
L’enzim LnbB pertany a la família GH20 i catalitza la hidròlisis de LNT generant els disacàrids lactosa i lacto- N-biosa. En aquesta tesi s’han redissenyat els subsetis de LnbB emprant mètodes d’enginyeria de proteïnes, per avaluar la síntesi del tetrasacàrid mitjançant la estratègia de transglicosidació per control cinètic utilitzant donadors glicosídics activats. Concretament pel redisseny racional dels subsetis negatius de la proteïna, s’han realitzat estudis de conservació i estructurals, seleccionant i modificant aquells aminoàcids involucrats en la unió i estabilització de la molècula donadora. D’altra banda, degut a què l’enzim no presenta subsetis definits d’unió per la molècula aceptora, s’ha utilitzat el software BINDSCAN desenvolupat en el Laboratori de Bioquímica d’IQS per al redisseny dels subsetis positius.
En aquesta tesi també s’ha explorat la síntesi seqüencial del compost LNT basada en la estratègia glicosintasa, combinant els enzims β-galactosidasa Bacillus circullas (Bgac) E233G i LnbB (D320E_W394F).Actualmente se tienen evidencias de los numerosos beneficios que los oligosacáridos de la leche materna (human milk oligosaccarides, HMOs) confieren a los recién nacidos, ya sea a nivel local o sistémico. La leche humana se considera única debido a la concentración, calidad y complejidad de sus HMOs. Es conocido que estas moléculas ejercen diversas funciones biológicas actuando como prebióticos, inmuno- moduladores, inhibidores de patógenos, entre otras. Hasta la fecha se han identificado más de 200 estructuras de HMOs diferentes, siendo imposible su obtención a partir de fuentes naturales. Debido a su elevada complejidad estructural la síntesis química a gran escala de estos carbohidratos sigue siendo un reto, requiriendo de numerosas etapas sintéticas. Por esto motivo, las leches de formula contienen principalmente HMOs de estructuras simples como 2’FL, DFL y 3’/6’-SL. La síntesis enzimática es una interesante alternativa sintética para la producción de estas moléculas, ya que, gracias a las enzimas, permite controlar la estero- y regioselectividad del oligosacárido formado. La leche humana presenta como HMO mayoritario el tetrasacárido lacto-N-tetraosa (LNT) y sus derivados fucosilados y/o sialilados. La enzima lacto-N-biosidasa de B.bifidum es la responsable de hidrolizar el tetrasacárido LNT en el metabolismo del recién nacido alimentado con leche materna. Con el objetivo de producir el compuesto LNT, en esta tesis se ha llevado a cabo el rediseño de la enzima lacto-N-biosidasa de B.bifidum (LnbB) con el fin de obtener un biocatalizador eficiente para la producción de este tetrasacárido. Para ello, se han aplicado diferentes estrategias: i) rediseño racional basado en el estudio estructural de los subsitios negativos de la enzima LnbB, ii) rediseño de los subsitios positivos de LnbB a partir de herramientas computacionales y iii) síntesis secuencial del compuesto LNT. La enzima LnbB pertenece a la familia GH20 y cataliza la hidrólisis de la molécula de LNT, dando lugar a los disacáridos lactosa y lacto-N-biosa. En esta tesis se han rediseñado los subsitios de la enzima LnbB empleando métodos de ingeniería de proteínas, para testar así su síntesis mediante la estrategia de transglicosidación por control cinético empleando dadores de glicosilo activados. Concretamente para el rediseño racional de los subsitios negativos de la enzima se han realizado estudios de conservación y estructurales, seleccionando y modificando aquellos aminoácidos involucrados en la unión y estabilización de la molécula dadora. Por otro lado, dado que la enzima no presenta subsitios definidos de unión al aceptor, para el rediseño de los subsitios positivos se ha empleado el software BINDSCAN desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Bioquímica de IQS. En esta tesis también se ha explorado la síntesis secuencial del compuesto LNT empleando la estrategia glicosintasa, combinando las enzimas β-galactosidasa Bacillus circullas (Bgac) E233G y LnbB (D320E_W394F).
Nowadays there are evidences of the potentials health benefits that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) confer to the babies at local and systemic levels. Human milk is considered as a gold standard for the infant nutrition due to the concentration, quality, and complexity of their HMOs. Are known that these compounds play essential biological functions acting as a prebiotics, inmuno-modulators, pathogens inhibitors, such others. To date, more than 200 HMOs structures have been identified, being their obtention from natural resources impossible. Due to their structural complexity, the large-scale chemical synthesis of these carbohydrates remains a challenge. For this reason, formula milks only contain HMOs with simple structures such as 2’FL, DFL y 3’/6’-SL. Enzymatic synthesis is an alternative synthetic tool to synthetize HMOs, due to the stere- and regioselectivity action of enzymes. Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and their sialylated and fucosylated derivatives are the most abundant HMOs in human milk. Lacto-N-biosidase from B.bifidum is responsible for the hydrolysis of this compound in the metabolism of breast fed-babies. With the aim to synthesize LNT, in this thesis the enzyme lacto-N-biosidase from B.bifidum (LnbB) has been redesigned in order to generate an efficient biocatalyst able to synthetize the desired tetrasaccharide. For this, different strategies have been applied: i) rational redesign based on structural studies of the negative subsites of LnbB, ii) redesign of the positive subsites of LnbB using computational tools and iii) sequential synthesis of LNT. LnbB belongs to GH20 family and catalyses the hydrolysis of LNT compound giving the disaccharides lactose and lacto-N-biose. In this thesis the subsites of LnbB have been redesign using protein engineering methods, to test its synthesis by kinetically controlled transglycosylation using activated glycosyl donors. For the rational redesign of the negative subsites of LnbB, conservation and structural studies have been carried out, selecting and modifying the residues involved in the binding and stabilization of the donor molecule. By contrast, the redesign of the positive subsites of the enzyme has been done using the software BINDSCAND developed in the IQS Biochemistry Laboratory since LnbB doesn’t present defined acceptor binding subsites, Also, in this thesis the sequential synthesis of LNT molecule has also been explored based on the glycosynthase strategy, combining the β-galactosidasa from Bacillus circullas (Bgac) E233G and LnbB (D320E_W394F) enzymes.
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Val, Cid Cristina. "STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LACTO-N-BIOSIDASE FROM Bifidobacterium bifidum: A POTENTIAL BIOCATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387327.
Анотація:
Els efectes beneficiosos que els oligosacàrids de la llet materna (OLM) confereixen a la salut dels lactants s'ha estudiat durant anys. Aquests oligosacàrids proporcionen una barrera protectora i un suport nutritiu essencials, als quals no tenen accés els nens que no prenen llet materna. La llet humana és considerada única respecte a la resta de llets de mamífers pel que fa a la quantitat i la complexitat d'oligosacàrids. Actualment, s'han identificat més de 130 estructures químiques diferents de OLM, i no es disposa de cap recurs natural que proporcioni accés a aquestes estructures tan complexes i a bastament. De la mateixa manera, la síntesi química és complicada a causa de l'estructura tan complexa i diversa que presenten els OLM, i de moment, la síntesi en gran escala no ha estat possible. La síntesi enzimàtica, en canvi, es presenta com una eina alternativa de síntesi d'aquestes molècules complexes atès que, en la naturalesa els enzims són els responsables de formar enllaços glicosídics entre carbohidrats amb alta regio- i estereoselectivitat.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és avaluar l'ús de l'enzim Lacto-N-biosidasa de Bifidobacterium bifidum (LnbB) com un biocatalizador eficient des de dues perspectives diferents: i) l'estudi estructural-funcional de LnbB i ii) la generació de biocatalizadors capaços de sintetitzar l'oligosacàrid d'interès (lacto-N-tetraosa) mitjançant enginyeria de proteïnes en l'enzim LnbB.
En aquesta tesi, hem analitzat l'organització dels dominis dels enzims de la família GH20, i, en conseqüència, hem definit dos models d'arquitectures. El Model A conté almenys dos dominis, un domini GH20b no catalític i el GH20 catalític, que sempre es presenta acompanyat d'una α-hèlix extra. En canvi, el Model B consisteix únicament en el domini catalític GH20. Mitjançant l'expressió de diferents formes truncades de LnbB, hem descrit els requeriments estructurals per a la funcionalitat dels enzims GH20, i en particular per LnbB, per tal d’obtenir la unitat funcional mínima que conservi l'activitat enzimàtica.
Respecte a la síntesi de la lacto-N-tetraosa usant com a biocatalizador noves proteïnes de LnbB obtingudes mitjançant enginyeria de proteïnes, hem contemplat dues estratègies enzimàtiques diferents. En primer lloc, l'estratègia de glicosintasa, en la qual l'enzim (amb mutació en el residu assistent) és capaç de transferir el corresponent donador activat (sucre sintètic derivat d’oxazolina) a un acceptor, sense hidròlisi del producte. En segon lloc, l'estratègia de transglicosilació millorada, en la qual, una nova generació de mutants en els llocs d'unió a l'acceptor seran capaços d'acomodar de manera més favorable un sucre en lloc d'una molècula d'aigua, i d'aquesta manera, augmentar l'activitat de transglicosilació.Los efectos beneficiosos que los oligosacáridos de la leche materna (OLM) confieren a la salud de los lactantes se han estudiado durante años. Estos oligosacáridos proporcionan una barrera protectora y un soporte nutritivo esenciales, a los que, los niños que no toman leche materna no tienen acceso. La leche humana se considerada única respecto al resto de leches de mamíferos en cuanto a cantidad y complejidad de oligosacáridos. Actualmente, se han identificado más de 130 estructuras químicas diferentes de OLM, y no se dispone de ningún recurso natural que proporcione acceso a estas estructuras tan complejas y en cantidad suficiente. Del mismo modo, la síntesis química es complicada debido a la estructura tan compleja y diversa que presentan los OLM, y por el momento, la síntesis en gran escala no ha sido posible. La síntesis enzimática, en cambio, se presenta como una herramienta alternativa de síntesis de éstas moléculas complejas dado que, en la naturaleza las enzimas son las responsables de formar enlaces glicosídicos entre carbohidratos con alta regio- y estereoselectividad. El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar el uso del enzima Lacto-N-biosidase de Bifidobacterium bifidum (LnbB) como un biocatalizador eficiente desde dos perspectivas diferentes: i) el estudio estructural-funcional de LnbB y ii) la generación de biocatalizadores capaces de sintetizar el oligosacárido de interés (lacto-N-tetraosa) mediante ingeniería de proteínas en el enzima LnbB. En esta tesis, hemos analizado la organización de los dominios de enzimas GH20, y, en consecuencia, hemos definido dos modelos de arquitecturas de dominio. El Modelo A contiene al menos dos dominios, un dominio GH20b no catalítico y el GH20 catalítico, que siempre se presenta acompañado de una α-hélice extra. Por el contrario, el Modelo B consiste únicamente en el dominio catalítico GH20. Mediante la expresión de diferentes formas truncadas de LnbB, hemos descrito los requerimientos estructurales para la funcionalidad de las enzimas GH20, y en particular para LnbB, de modo que se obtenga la unidad funcional mínima que conserve la actividad enzimática. Respecto a la síntesis de la lacto-N-tetraosa usando como biocatalizador nuevas proteínas de LnbB obtenidas mediante ingeniería, hemos contemplado dos estrategias enzimáticas diferentes. En primer lugar, la estrategia de glicosintasa, en la que el enzima (un mutante en el residuo asistente) es capaz de transferir el correspondiente dador activado (azúcar sintético derivado de oxazolina) a un aceptor, sin hidrólisis del producto. En segundo lugar, la estrategia de transglicosilación mejorada, en la que, una nueva generación de mutantes en los sitios de unión al aceptor serán capaces de acomodar de manera más favorable un aceptor de azúcar en lugar de una molécula de agua, y de este modo, aumentar la actividad de transglicosilación.
The potential health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) have been studied for many years. It is well known that these oligosaccharides provide a protective barrier and nutritive support that infants with poor access to breast milk do not acquire in the first years of life. Human milk is considered to be unique among mammals in terms of the quantity and complexity of its oligosaccharides. To date, 130 chemical structures within HMO have been identified. No other natural resources provide access to these complex oligosaccharides in such large amounts, and until now, large scale synthesis of HMO has not been possible by any traditional organic chemistry methodology. Enzymatic synthesis is an alternative synthetic tool since enzymes can form the new glycosidic linkage between carbohydrates with high regio- and stereoselectivity. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the use of Lacto-N-biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum (LnbB) as an efficient biocatalyst in the following two ways: i) the structural-functional study of LnbB and ii) protein engineering of LnbB to generate biocatalysts able to synthesize the target lacto-N-tetraose. Here, we have analysed the domain organization of GH20 enzymes, and accordingly, have defined two models of domain architectures. Model A, contains at least two domains, a non-catalytic GH20b domain, and the catalytic GH20 which is always accompanied with an extra α-helix. In contrast, Model B consists only of the catalytic GH20 domain. By expressing different truncated forms of LnbB, we have described the structural requirements for functionality of GH20 enzymes, and in particular for LnbB, to obtain a minimal functional unit that retains the enzymatic activity. With regard to the synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose using new engineered LnbB proteins as biocatalysts, we envisage two different enzymatic strategies. First, the glycosynthase strategy, in which the activated donor is the corresponding synthetic sugar oxazoline and the enzyme, a mutant on the assisting residue, is able to transfer the donor to an acceptor without hydrolysis of the product. Second, the enhanced transglycosidase strategy, in which, a new generation of mutants on the acceptor subsites of the enzyme will be able to more favourably accommodate a sugar acceptor instead of water, and thus, increase transglycosylation activity.
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Cesaro, Giacomo. "Emerging issues in animal husbandry: effects of reduced protein supply in animal farms and methodologies for fatty acid analysis in biological samples." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423701.
Анотація:
Aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of suboptimal N supplies on animals of different species on production performances to achieve an effective reduction of N excretion avoiding, or limiting, the economic losses due to impairment of performance or reduced quality of products. As aside different methods of fatty acid analysis were evaluated to identify an accurate and repeatable methodology of extraction of fatty acids that prevents isomerisation of PUFA and conjugated linoleic acid. All the contributions of this thesis have been published or submitted to international peer reviewed journals. This thesis was also reviewed by foreign referees and all their suggestions were accepted and included in the present version of this thesis. The first two contributions were aimed to verify the effect of suboptimal dietary crude protein supply on growing cattle and lactating cows. In lactating cows the effect of a supplementation with rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was also explored. The third contribute regards an experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different fecal sample preparation procedures to determine the fatty acid profile of ruminants feces, including CLA. The fourth and the fifth contributions were aimed to evaluate the effects of reduced dietary crude protein and amino acid levels on growth performance of heavy pigs (4th contribute) and on growth performance and intramuscular lipid deposition on fast growing pigs (5th contribute). Overall, the results suggests that considerable reduction of dietary crude protein, compared to conventional standard, can be applied with small or null impairment of production response, but with a notable reduction of N excretion. Within the framework of the nitrate directive of the European Community, the strong reduction of N excretion achieved with the use of suboptimal protein supplies would result in the possibility of increasing the number of animals reared per unit of land available for manure disposal, and to reduce the feeding costs because of less use of expensive dietary protein sources. From the third contribute it resulted that fecal sample preparation method has an influence on fecal fatty acid profile, and in particular on the CLA component, stronger than that was previously evidenced in the literature that indicated the methylation as a critical step for an accurate analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Analytical methods applicable on different biological substrates (feeds, feces, and animal products) are needed for a better knowledge of lipid digestion and metabolism of farm animals.Scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di esplorare gli effetti conseguenti ad una somministrazione subottimale di proteina ad animali di diverse specie sulle performance produttive per poter ottenere una riduzione effettiva della escrezione di N ed evitare, o limitare, le perdite economiche dovute al peggioramento delle prestazioni o alla riduzione della qualità dei prodotti. Un capitolo a parte della tesi è stato di valutare diversi metodi di analisi degli acidi grassi per identificare una metodologia accurata e ripetibile di estrazione degli acidi grassi in grado di prevenire l’isomerizzazione degli acidi grassi polinsaturi in particolare dei coniugati dell’acido linoleico. Tutti i contributi presentati in questa tesi sono stati pubblicati o sottoposti riviste scientifiche internazionali. Questa tesi è stata valutata da due docenti stranieri e i loro suggerimenti sono stati accettati e inclusi nella versione finale di questa tesi. I primi due contributi sono stati finalizzati a verificare l'effetto di diete contenenti concentrazioni subottimali di proteina grezza, somministrate a bovini da carne e vacche in lattazione. Nelle vacche in lattazione è stato anche valutato l'effetto conseguente alla somministrazione di acido linoleico coniugato (CLA) rumino protetto. Il terzo contributo riguarda un esperimento condotto per valutare l' effetto di differenti procedure di preparazione dei campioni fecali per determinare il profilo degli acidi grassi, compresi i CLA, nelle feci dei ruminanti. Il quarto ed il quinto contributo sono finalizzati a valutare gli effetti della riduzione nella dieta dei livelli di proteina grezza e degli amminoacidi sulle performance di crescita dei suini pesanti (4° contributo) e sulle performance di crescita e di deposizione lipidica intramuscolare in suini selezionati per una crescita rapida e magra (5° contributo). Complessivamente, i risultati suggeriscono che una notevole riduzione del livello proteico della dieta, rispetto a standard tradizionali, può essere applicato compromettendo lievemente o per nulla la risposta produttiva, ma con una notevole riduzione di escrezione azotata. Nell'ambito della direttiva nitrati della Comunità Europea, la forte riduzione dell'escrezione di N ottenuto grazie all' impiego di diete ipoproteiche può comportare la possibilità di aumentare il numero di animali allevati per unità di superficie disponibile per lo smaltimento del letame, o di ridurre i costi di alimentazione a causa di un minor uso di costose fonti proteiche. I risultati del terzo contributo indicano che il metodo di preparazione del campione ha un'influenza sul profilo di acidi grassi delle feci, ed in particolare sulla componente dei CLA, maggiore rispetto a quella precedentemente evidenziata in letteratura che indicava la metilazione come tappa critica per un'analisi accurata degli acidi grassi mediante gascromatografia. L’individuazione di metodi di analisi applicabili a differenti substrati biologici (foraggi e alimenti, feci e prodotti di origine animale) è necessaria per migliorare le conoscenze sulla digestione dei lipidi ed il metabolismo degli animali da allevamento.
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"Optimizing the efficiency of nutrient utilization in dairy cows." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-03-973.
Анотація:
A series of experiments were conducted to determine nutritional strategies to improve the efficiency of N utilization in dairy cows when feeding co-products including wheat-based (W-DDGS) and corn-wheat blend distillers grains with solubles (B-DDGS), and dried whey permeate (DWP). In Experiment 1, the objective was to determine the effects of replacing canola meal (CM) as the major protein source with W-DDGS on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein production, omasal nutrient flow, and animal performance. Cows were fed either a standard barley silage-based total mixed ration containing CM as the major protein supplement (0% W-DDGS, control) or diets formulated to contain 10, 15 and 20% W-DDGS (dry matter [DM] basis), with W-DDGS replacing primarily CM. Diets were isonitrogenous (18.9% crude protein [CP]). Inclusion of W-DDGS to the diet did not negatively affect ruminal fermentation, microbial protein production, and omasal nutrient flow. However, there was a 0.7- to 2.4-kg increase in DM intake, and a 1.2- to 1.8-kg increase in milk yield after the addition of W-DDGS in place of CM. In Experiment 2, the objective was to delineate the effects of including either W-DDGS or B-DDGS dried distillers grains with solubles as the major protein source in low or high CP diets fed to dairy cows on ruminal function, microbial protein synthesis, omasal nutrient flows, urea-N recycling, and milk production. The treatment factors were type of distillers co-product (W-DDGS vs. B-DDGS) and dietary CP content (15.2 vs. 17.3%; DM basis). The B-DDGS was produced from a mixture of 15% wheat and 85% corn grain. All diets were formulated to contain 10% W-DDGS or B-DDGS on a DM basis. Feeding up to 10% of dietary DM as B-DDGS or W-DDGS as the major source of protein did not have negative effects on metabolizable protein (MP) supply and milk production in dairy cows. However, reducing dietary CP content from 17.3 to 15.2% decreased milk production. This response was attributed to an insufficient supply of ruminally degradable protein (RDP) that suppressed microbial nonammonia N (NAN) synthesis in the rumen, thus decreasing intestinal MP supply. In Experiment 3, the objective was to determine the effects of replacing barley or corn starch with lactose (as DWP) in diets containing 10% W-DDGS on ruminal function, omasal nutrient flow, and lactation performance. The treatment factors were source of starch (barley vs. corn) and dietary inclusion level of DWP (0 vs. 6%; DM basis) as a partial replacement for starch. Diets were isonitrogenous (18% CP) and contained 3 or 8% total sugar. The starch content of the low sugar diet was 24% compared to 20% for the high sugar diet. Dry matter intake, and milk and milk component yields did not differ with diet. However, partially replacing dietary corn or barley starch with sugar up-regulated ruminal acetate and propionate absorption, and reduced ruminal NH3-N concentration, but had no effect on ruminal pH, microbial protein synthesis, omasal nutrient flow and production in dairy cows. In summary, data presented in this thesis indicate that W-DDGS and B-DDGS can be included as the major source of protein in dairy cow diets without compromising ruminal function, nutrient supply and milk production in dairy cows. Feeding medium to low CP diets, and partial replacement of starch with sugar in diets containing W-DDGS and B-DDGS can improve N utilization efficiency in dairy cows. Additionally, an upregulation of facilitated transport of acetate and propionate across epithelial cells possibly prevents the occurrence of ruminal acidosis when lactose partially replaces starch in cow diets.
Частини книг з теми "¹⁵N Milk proteins":
1
Hunt, Josephine A., and Eric Dickinson. "The effect of calcium ions on the competitive displacement of proteins." In Gums and stabilisers for the Food industry 6, 395–99. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199632848.003.0051.
Анотація:
Abstract Competitive displacement at pH 7 has been investigated at the emulsion droplet surface for the egg-yolk protein, phosvitin, and the milk protein, fl-casein. In particular, the effect of calcium ions on the protein exchange behaviour has been studied. Fast protein liquid chromatography analysis of the aqueous phase of phosvitin-stabilised n-tetradecane-in-water emulsions, containing fl-casein added after emulsification, is used to assess the extent of protein exchange at the droplet surface. We find that, in the absence of calcium ions, fl-casein displaces 70 % of adsorbed phosvitin within a few minutes, and then a further 10 % over a period of 48 hours. This is in contrast to the situation where calcium ions (5 mM) are present: here phosvitin is not at all competitively displaced by fl-casein, d˜spite virtually all the milk protein adsorbing.
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Traboulsi, Elias I. "N." In A Compendium of Inherited Disorders and the Eye, 146–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170962.003.00013.
Анотація:
Abstract Burdon et al. isolated the NHS gene and found mutations in Australian families with this syndrome. The gene encompasses approximately 650 kb of genomic DNA, coding for a 1630 amino acid putative nuclear protein. Although orthologs were found in other vertebrates, no sequence similarity to known genes was identified. Rare; fewer than 20 families in the literature Crown-shaped dental abnormalities (screwdriver-shaped, conical, or notched), supernumerary teeth, a central incisor, position and implantation anomalies, as well as other, less common abnormalities occur. Female carriers may also have mild dental abnormalities similar to those in males.
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De Campeneere, S., D. L. De Brabander, and J. Vanacker. "Constraints in estimating N-excretion from the milk urea content in dairy cows." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition, 149–50. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086866137_044.
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Hristov, A. N., J. K. Ropp, K. L. Grandeen, R. P. Etter, A. Foley, A. Melgar, and W. Price. "Efficiency of utilization of ruminal ammonia N for milk protein synthesis in dairy cows." In Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism, 601–4. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086865208_114.
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Robertson, Stephen P., and Deborah Krakow. "FLNA and FLNB and Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, the Otopalatodigital Spectrum Disorders, Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis, Larsen Syndrome, and Atelosteogenesis Types I F and III." In Inborn Errors Of Development, 1350–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195306910.003.0153.
Анотація:
Abstract Filamins A, B, and C are cytoskeletal proteins that act by cross- linking the actin cytoskeleton into an orthogonal architecture. Structurally, 2lamin proteins are composed of an N-terminal actinbinding domain and an array of 24 structurally homologous, immunoglobulin-like domains that bind a broad diversity of transmembrane and juxtamembrane proteins. These interacting proteins mediate multiple signaling events as well as regulate secretion and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Loss-of-function mutations in FLNA and FLNB lead to a neuronal migration disorder, X-linked dominant periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH), and a skeletal dysplasia, autosomal recessive spondylocarpotarsal syndrome (SCT), respectively. PH is clinically characterized principally by epilepsy, while SCT presents with short stature and vertebral, carpal, and tarsal fusions. In sharp contrast to these disorders, clustered missense mutations predicted to introduce substitutions or small in-frame deletions and insertions into FLNA and FLNB produce markedly different phenotypes. Mutations that preserve the translational reading frame in FLNA lead to a group of skeletal dysplasias termed the otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorders (OPSDs). The phenotypic severity of these conditions is very broad. In otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 (OPD1), the mildest OPSD, affected males have hearing loss, cleft palate, and mild digital anomalies. Male offspring of females manifesting Melnick–Needles syndrome (MNS), the most severe condition, typically die in midgestation. A similar range of clustered mutations in FLNB lead to a group of conditions characterized by a skeletal dysplasia, joint dislocations, and craniofacial anomalies—the Larsen-atelosteogenesis (LS-AO) spectrum. Again, the range of phenotypes is broad—from large joint dis- locations in Larsen syndrome (LS) to perinatal lethal atelosteogenesis type I (AOI) in which skeletogenesis is grossly disordered.
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Hamzeloo-Moghadam, Maryam. "Alzheimer’s Disease and Physical Activity, Will the Symptoms Improve?" In Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders, 283–313. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123319123110007.
Анотація:
Alzheimer’s disease is known to be the most common cause of dementia with increasing number of people suffering every year. In healthy adults, there are millions of neurons in the brain. Degeneration starts and extends in Alzheimer's disease many years before the initial symptoms show up. The neurons taking part in cognitive functions destroy gradually leading to functional disability and finally to death. β.amyloid plaques and tau protein are known as the most responsible causes of Alzheimer’s disease resulting in neurodegeneration. Inflammation, atrophy and dysfunction in glucose metabolism will follow. The three stages of the disease include mild, moderate and severe. The patient will have difficulty in cognitive functions, show changes in behavior and will need care for everyday needs, which increases by the disease progress. There are pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches for treatment. The pharmacologic approaches comprise acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers like memantine. None of them stops the disease but alleviate the symptoms. On the other hand, non-pharmacologic approaches are usually used to improve the patient’s quality of life or improve the behavioral aspects of the disease. Recently, involving physical activity as a non-pharmacologic method of treatment for Alzheimer’s disease has been the focus of many studies. This chapter will have a glance at the clinical trials that were conducted regarding the effect of physical exercise and its impact on Alzheimer’s disease.
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Demirci, Cami, Vered Lewy-Weiss, and Mark Sperling. "Case 38: Challenging Insights from Albuminuria Early in the Course of Disease." In Diabetes Case Studies: Real Problems, Practical Solutions, 137–40. American Diabetes Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/9781580405713.38.
Анотація:
The patient was a Caucasian woman diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (TID) at the age 11 years when she presented in mild DKA, pH of 7.20, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 11.5%. Testing for the presence of islet cell antibodies was not performed. She responded well to treatment, initially consisting of basal and bolus injections, and after 2 years, using insulin pump therapy, she maintained excellent metabolic control with all HbA1c values <6.5% after stabilization (Fig. 38.1). Her HbA1c values were still in the near normal range at 5.8% (N = 4.3–6.1%) several years after diagnosis, and total daily insulin varied from 0.5 to 0.7 units/kg/day. Her general health was excellent with normal systolic and diastolic blood pressures; height was at the 50th percentile, weight was at the 90th percentile with BMI in 95–97th percentile. Annual tests of thyroid function and lipid profile were normal. Because “dipstick” urine for protein was positive 3 years after diagnosis, she provided an overnight urine collection for measurement of albumin excretion rate, which was 156.8 μg/min (normal = <21 μg/min). A split day-night urine collection showed that albumin excretion was 143 mg/dL during the day and 10.6 mg/dL at night. Normal nocturnal albumin excretion is up to 1.9 mg/dL, so the nocturnal albumin excretion was increased. Her albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 1,254.4 mg/g during the day and 87.6 mg/g at night, with a normal range being 15–37 mg/g. These findings were consistent with both daytime macroalbuminuria and nighttime microalbuminuria.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "¹⁵N Milk proteins":
1
Hopmeier, P., M. Halbmayer, H. P. Schwarz, F. Heuss, and M. Fischer. "PROTEIN C AND PROTEIN S IN MILD AND MODERATE PREECLAMPSIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644285.
Анотація:
In normal pregnancy, total protein S antigen and activity have been reported to be markedly reduced, whereas protein C level was found unaltered. In contrast, in severe preeclampsia protein C antigen was found to be considerably reduced. The presentstudy was done to clarify whether similar changes in protein Cwould alsobe observed for the mildand moderatepreeclamptic state andwhether there would be any effects on the level ofprotein S, since nodata on this cofactor in preeclampsia have been reported to date. 4-0 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy - 20 with uncomplicated pregnancies and 20 who had developed a mild (n = 14-) or moderate (n = 6) preeclamptic condition - were included in the study. All groups were well matched in age and gestational age. In addition, 20 healthynon-pregnant women served as controls. All probands had normal liver (SGOT, SGPT) and kidney (BUN, creatinine) values and no other medication than oral vitamins was used. Classification of preeclampsia was done according to a modification of the gestosis index of Goecke using an 11 gradeindex system (0 - 11). ProteinC antigen was measured by an enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay and protein S by the Laurell rocket technique.For statistics, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was appliedWe conclude that in comparison tonormal pregnancies, protein S is found elevated at least in the moderate, and protein C in the moderateas well as in the mild preeclamptic state
2
Nasrollahi, S. M., P. Nozière, R. J. Dewhurst, C. Chantelauze, L. Cheng, E. Froidmont, C. Martin, and G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar. "Natural 15N abundances in plasma and urea-N concentration in milk as biomarkers of urinary N excretion in dairy cows: a meta-analysis." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_66.
3
TRUKHACHEV, Vladimir, Sergey OLEYNIK, and Nikolay ZLYDNEV. "DAILY DYNAMICS OF MILK QUALITY INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.067.
Анотація:
Dairy cattle breeding is one of the main suppliers of protein and animal fat, it is one of the most important branches of agriculture and plays a primary role in providing adequate nutrition for the population. During the purposeful work on harmonization of the national regulatory framework with international legislation, special attention is paid to scientific developments in the way of full implementation of Russian livestock production in the global trading system. The recommendations of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR) (Global Standard…, 2017; Trukhachev et al., 2017) are the methodological basis for the introduction of the generally accepted organizational principles for the recording and evaluation of the productive qualities of animals. One of the stages of this process was implementation in 2015-2017. in the Stavropol State Agrarian University of research projects, especially significant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in the direction of ensuring import substitution in animal husbandry (genetic material), which envisage the development of a regional model for the formation and management of highly productive genetic resources for dairy cattle. The object of the research was cattle (cows) of the North Caucasian population of the Ayrshire breed (n = 550), from which, based on the analysis of the materials of the primary zooveterinary records, groups of cows with 3-fold milking were formed to study the daily dynamics of fat and protein content in raw milk samples I, II and III milking, n = 240) and 2-fold milking (I and II milking - 180 cows). In the process of performing monthly analyzes of the quality of individual milk samples obtained from pedigree cows taken for 2- or 3-fold milking, it was found that a certain pattern is observed in the diurnal dynamics of fat and protein content in milk, which probably has a general biological nature and largely depends on the technological factor - the multiplicity of milking cows, which coincides, basically, with the regularities described in the methodology of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR). The nature of the dynamics of the concentration of fat in milk at 2- and 3-fold milking has, though a different mathematical form, but they have a general tendency: the fat in milk for milking cows, as a rule, is 10.77–10.98 % lower, than II and III milking. The variability of the protein concentration in milk during the day is the same as the fat dynamics, though it is less expressed than of fat and accounts 0.88%.
4
Gonçalves, Aline, Paulo Bazan, Maria da Graça Martins, Geraldo Busatto Filho, Artur Coutinho, Sonia Brucki, Ricardo Nitrini, and Eliane Miotto. "FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN MILD GNITIVE IMPAIRMENT PATIENTS WITH PIB+ AND – BIOMARKERS." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda040.
Анотація:
Background: According to the recent NIA-AA, a probable predictor of Alzheimer’s disease convertor in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the Aβ protein deposit in PET PIB exam. However, there is a lack of studies investigating functional connectivity in PIB +/- MCI patients. Objectives: to investigate differences in functional connectivity during resting state in MCI patients with PET PIB+ and - biomarkers. Methods: PET PIB+ (N=12 and PIB- (N=12) MCI patients underwent fMRI during resting state using 3 ROIS related to memory (posterior cingulate and bilateral hippocampus). Results: there were significant connectivity differences (p <0.05) between PIB+ and PIB- patients above 80% for right temporal region connectivity regarding left and right temporal region. Conclusions The results suggest that PET PIB+ MCI patients show significant difference in functional connectivity on the right temporal region in relation to left and right hippocampus ROI during the resting state possibly related to functional compensation.
5
Bosch, V., N. Bosch, M. Valles, N. Ortíz, and R. Gómez. "FATTY ACIDS AND PLATELET FUNCTION IN A SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN GROUP WITH A HIGH DIETARY CONSUMPTION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643403.
Анотація:
The effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on hemostasis has elicited much interest. We studied indians from the Orinoco river shore, whose main animal protein intake derives from river fishes with a high confceqt of 22:6n-3 (0.2g/100g)r We determined in 50 indians plasma phospholipid fatty acids (FApl) by gas/liq chromatography and bleeding time by Symplate I divice (BT), in 15 were analyzed platelet count, aggregation with collagen and ADP, platelet factor 3 availability (PF3), platelet phospolipid fatty acids (FApt) and plasma vWFAg.RA from human milk was also determined. Subjets from the city of Caracas served as control. Data on BT, FAlp and FApt are shown in table (X±SD).FA Composition of milk showed that indians have 3 times more 22: 6n-3 than controls. Platelet studies shewed normal number and morphology. Percent platelet aggregation with collagen (4ug/ml) was below 50% in 4 of indians, 2 of them with a BT within the control range. Maximum slope of aggregation with ADP (4uM) was diminished in 2 cases. Diference in PF3 was not significant, VWFAg range from 50 to 100% and control from 53 to 127%. In conclusion we have found a population that shows an increased plasma and platelet 22:6n-3 and a prolonged BT most likely of dietary origen. Mechanism by wich n-3 FA modifies BT needs fur ther investigation.
6
Manzoli, Isabela Reis, Diego Bezerra Soares, Lohraine Talia Domingues, Paulo Schumann Neto, and Mariana Kely Diniz Gomes De Lima. "MECANISMOS ENZIMÁTICOS E GENÉTICOS DO CARCINOMA UROTELIAL." In I Congresso Nacional Multidisciplinar de Oncologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1550.
Анотація:
Introdução: O carcinoma é caracterizado como um tumor maligno epitelial ou glandular que invade tecidos adjacentes, originando processos metastáticos. Esse processo carcinogênico pode ser decorrente de uma modificação proteica por meio da acetilação da enzima N-terminal acetiltransferase (NAT) que atuam na diferenciação das células internas do trato urinário, favorecendo o surgimento do carcinoma de células de transição, também conhecido como carcinoma urotelial. Nesse contexto, essa neoplasia é considerada, em nível mundial, o nono tipo mais incidente com cerca de 430 mil novos casos por ano. Objetivos: Devido a elevada prevalência do câncer de bexiga (CB), nota-se um risco três vezes maior para os homens em comparação com as mulheres, faz-se necessário mais estudos que esclareçam o papel da NAT e sua relação com a carcinogênese do CB. Diante disso, foi levantada a seguinte problemática: “Quais os mecanismos de ação da enzima N-terminal acetiltransferase na diferenciação das células que corroboram o aparecimento do processo carcinogênico? ”. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura retrospectiva, com intuito de elucidar os aspectos enzimáticos e genéticos associados ao câncer de bexiga, devido a sua interação com a NAT. Para tanto, utilizou-se as bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA). Resultados: A partir dessa análise foi possível observar que o processo carcinogênico é decorrente dos mecanismos enzimáticos e genéticos que atuam na acetilação lenta da NAT, afetando as interações proteicas localizadas na região do genoma, que influenciam a desregulação dos proto-oncogenes na manutenção do controle dinâmico da diferenciação das células. Conclusão: Por meio desse estudo, nota-se o papel da variação genética no metabolismo carcinogênico, a partir da atuação da NAT na interação com o DNA e suscetibilidade do hospedeiro na regulação do ciclo celular. Ademais, a presença desses aspectos contribui para o desenvolvimento do câncer de bexiga.
7
Pivetta, Marcos Delai. "MANEJO DE ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NA CULTURA DO MILHO PRIMEIRA SAFRA CULTIVADO EM PALOTINA – PR." In I Congresso Nacional de Ciências Agrárias On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/2011.
Анотація:
Introdução: A planta de milho absorve alta quantidade de Nitrogênio (N) durante seu ciclo, e que geralmente necessita de adubação nitrogenada para complementar a demanda pela planta, já que em grande parte dos solos, a quantidade de nitrogênio disponível neste, não é o suficiente para suprir totalmente a demanda. Em meio aos nutrientes essenciais a planta, o nitrogênio é o que mais limita o desenvolvimento da planta de milho, tendo em vista que este elemento compõe de 1,5% a 3,5% da matéria seca da planta, e faz parte de diversas moléculas e proteínas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose de nitrogênio (N) na qual propiciaria a maior produtividade na cultura de milho primeira safra, cultivado em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico de Palotina, Paraná. Materiais e métodos: O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos constituídos pelas doses de N (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 kg ha-1), com quatro repetições, sendo realizado o plantio utilizando o hibrido DKB 255 pro 3, utilizando semeadeira de 5 linhas de 90cm, com 4,5m de comprimento cada parcela, com a análise de solo também sendo feita do local do experimento. Durante a realização do experimento foi realizado o controle químico de pragas utilizando imidacloprido (100 g i. ha-1) + bifentrina (20 g i. ha-1) + diflubenzurom (25 g i. ha-1). No momento da colheita, foram avaliados os componentes de rendimento número de fileiras por espiga e número de grãos por fileira da primeira e segunda espiga, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostram que o número de fileiras por espiga, número de grãos por fileira da primeira e segunda espiga e massa de mil grãos, não foram influenciados diretamente pelas diferentes doses de N aplicadas, já a produtividade sofreu influência significativa (p<0,05) em função das diferentes doses de nitrogênio aplicadas. Conclusão: Ocorreram aumentos da produtividade do milho primeira safra quando foi aplicado 100 kg ha-1 de N, com o incremento de 28,55 kg ha-1 por kg de N aplicado.
8
Maier, Alina, Cristina Maria Canja, Mirabela Ioana Lupu, Geronimo Raducu Branescu, and Vasile Padureanu. "VALORIZATION OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) BY-PRODUCTS TO OBTAIN NEW BAKERY PRODUCTS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.14.
Анотація:
Disposal of by-products from the processing of plant foods is a major industry concern, but these by-products are also promising sources of compounds with technological or nutritional properties and are now being considered as a possible source of functional compounds. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which contains a high protein content, fiber, and other critical minerals for humans, is one of the most significant pulses in the world. The objective of this work is to exploit the properties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by-products by including them in powder form in new bread products, in order to improve their properties. Empty common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods were dried, mild and incorporated with different levels (5%, 10% and 15%) into dough and breads made from wheat white flour. The moisture content decreased in proportion to the amount of wheat flour substituted. Analysis of the bread showed that the addition of empty bean pod powder did not significantly improve the textural profile of the bread. In fact, there was an increase in hardness (1011.26 N/mm2 for the control and 1027.38 N/mm2 for the breads enriched with 15% powder, respectively). The pH and porosity also increased in proportion to the amount of wheat flour substituted. Regarding the sensory analysis, the breads obtained with different proportions of vegetable waste powder additions were liked by several categories of people and were noted with high scores. To conclude, the powders obtained from vegetable by-products can be used as functional compounds and can partially replace the wheat flour added to make bread.
9
Fakhroo, Aisha, Fatma Ali, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Nico Marr, and Hadi Mohamad Yassine. "Detection of antinuclear antibodies targeting intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, apoptotic processes and cell death in critical COVID-19 patients." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0095.
Анотація:
Background: The heterogeneity of COVID-19 lies within its diverse symptoms and severity, ranging from mild to lethal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been shown to be the leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 patients, characterized by a hyper cytokine storm. Autoimmunity is proposed to occur as a result of COVID-19, given the high similarity of the immune responses observed in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Results: Here, we investigate the level of autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with different severities. Initial screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) IgG revealed that 1.6% (2/126) and 4% (5/126) of ICU COVID-19 cases developed strong and moderate ANA levels, respectively. However, all the non-ICU cases (n = 273) were ANA negative. The high ANA level was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IFA) and large-scale autoantibody screening by phage immunoprecipitation-sequencing (PhIP-Seq). Indeed, the majority of the samples showed "speckled" ANA pattern by microscopy, and we demonstrate that samples of ICU patients with strong and moderate ANA levels contain autoantibody specificities that predominantly targeted proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, apoptotic processes, and cell death; further denoting reactivity to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Conclusion:Our results further support the notion of routine screening for autoimmune responses in COVID-19 patients, which might help improve disease prognosis and patient management. Further, results provide compelling evidence that ANA-positive individuals should be excluded from being donors for convalescent plasma therapy in the context of Covid-19.
10
Wallevik, K., J. Inger-slev, and S. Stenbjerg Bernvil. "BLOOD BANK PRODUCTION OF HIGH YIELD, HIGH PURITY, HEAT TREATED F VIII CONCENTRATE FROM HEPARINIZED BLOOD." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643970.
Анотація:
Applying trivial blood bank equipment we have developed a method to produce a heat-treated factor VIII concentrate from heparinized blood with an over-all yield between 40 and 50%, a specific activity around 2 i.u./mg and a low fibrinogen content (3-4 g/1). Electrophoretic multimer analysis of the von Wille-brand factor reveals a band pattern close to that of native plasma. The in vivo recovery is 99±25% and t/2 11.4±2.4 h (n=5). The method includes 3 precipitations in commercial "blood-bag" systems: (1) The classical cryoprecipitation, (2) Precipitation at 0°C of "cold insoluble globulins" including F VUI/vWf, (3) Precipitation of non F VIII/vWf related proteins at 10°C, pH 7.0 and specified ionic conditions.The F VIII rich supernatant is stabilized by amino acids and citrate, freeze dried, and heated to 68°C for 24 h.In our blood bank with ∼40,000 donations per year we have in a year produced ∼1,4 mill i.u. of the High Purity F VIII concentrate. This means that around 16,000 donations per year are collected in heparin, and that F VIII depleted plasma which we deliver for clinical use, either as liquid plasma or as a freeze-dridd product, contains solely heparin (∼4 i.u./ml) as anticoagulant.The method is technically simple which together with the high yield and high purity of the F VIII concentrate makes the production economically profitable. The method is applicable in areas with limited technical resources.We find it also important that F VIII concentrate, manufactured locally from healthy voluntary donors with personal attachment to their blood bank reveals the lowest risk for transmission of diseases to the patients.
Звіти організацій з теми "¹⁵N Milk proteins":
1
Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.
Анотація:
The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.
2
Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental, and Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.
Анотація:
This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.