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Oem, Jae-Ku, Seong-Hee Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Myoung-Heon Lee e Kyoung-Ki Lee. "Reemergence of Rabies in the Southern Han River Region, Korea". Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50, n.º 3 (julho de 2014): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-07-177.
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Cho, Jingyeong. "Types and Changes of Top-shaped Pottery in the Taedong River-Han River Basin". Hoseo Archaeological Society 54 (28 de fevereiro de 2023): 4–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.4.
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This paper was written for the purpose of presenting an explanatory framework for the relationship with the Top-shaped pottery culture in the process of developing the Bronze Age culture in South Korea region. Accordingly, it was described based on an overall understanding of the shape and distribution aspect of the Top-shaped pottery found in the Taedong River-Han River basin.
First, a typology was conducted on the Top-shaped pottery in Pyongyang, Pyeongannam-do, and Hwanghae-do, which are the central distribution areas of the Top-shaped pottery culture.
The form was classified into jar-shaped and necked jar-shaped and individual attributes were extracted by paying attention to the shape of pottery. Next, in order to examine the progress in the shape of artifacts and features based on the order of dwellig along with the verification of the Top-shaped pottery classification, the settlement in the Taedong River basin, where dwelling overlap was confirmed, were reviewed. By aggregating pottery classification and settlement examination, the features excavated from the Top-shaped pottery were seriated, and finally, the Top-shaped pottery culture was divided into four stages.
Next, the analysis of the Top-shaped pottery in the South Korean region was conducted by paying attention to the shape of pottery and the method of processing the rim in order to understand the parallel relationship with the North Korean region. The Top-shaped pottery in South Korea region was identified from the second stage, and the gradual spread process to Yeoncheon, Ganghwa Gimpo, Incheon Bukhangang River basin could be assumed.
When paying attention to the distribution of these stages, the distribution range of the Topshaped pottery culture gradually changes, and at the same time, differences in the shape of the Top-shaped pottery are observed depending on the region. As described above, regional deviation detected in the settlement aspect of the Top-shaped pottery culture and the shape of the Top-shaped pottery is believed to reflect the character and intensity of the spread of the Top-shaped pottery culture in South Korea region.
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Kim, Kang-Rae, Sang Ki Kim, Mu-Sung Sung e Jeong-Nam Yu. "Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Endemic Korean Aucha Perch, Coreoperca herzi (Centropomidae), in Korea". Animals 13, n.º 16 (14 de agosto de 2023): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162614.
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The Korean endemic aucha perch, Coreoperca herzi, belongs to the family Centropomidae. Thus far, studies on C. herzi have focused on mitochondrial genomes, egg development, and early life history, while studies on their genetic diversity or genetic structure are lacking. We investigated these aspects in this study using mitochondrial DNA data. Haplotypes were divided into the Hangang River, Nakdonggang River, Geumgang River, and southwest region water system populations. A translocated population, the Yangyang Namdaechun Stream, was confirmed to have originated from the Hangang River water system population based on haplotype distribution and genetic structure results. The FST of the mitochondrial DNA indicated distinct genetic differentiation in the Hangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and southwest regions. According to COI and analyses, the analysis of molecular variance revealed a higher variance in the four water system groups (98.41%) than in the southwest region water system versus the Hangang River water system (80.27%) groups. This study presents basic data for conservation by providing extensive information on the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and translocation population of C. herzi.
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Kim, Sung Woo. "Decline of a Confucian Mecca: Development of Rice Farming and Regional Development in Chosŏn Korea". Journal of Korean Studies 15, n.º 1 (10 de setembro de 2010): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-15-1-1.
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Abstract The object of the analysis of this article is Sŏnsan County, the most advanced agricultural region of the Chosŏn Dynasty during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This advanced region, however, started to go downhill from the sixteenth century and declined further in the seventeenth century. The rise and fall of Sŏnsan was closely tied with its geographical and irrigation conditions. The region, located around the Naktong River, the greatest river in Kyŏngsang Province, had favorable conditions for development in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries with the spread of the farming method of broadcast seeding to wet rice fields (水耕直播法) and the active development of both plains and hilly areas. But, this area faced adverse conditions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when the new farming method of transplanting rice seedlings (移秧法) was widely introduced, shifting development to more mountainous regions.
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Kim, Jong-Suk, Sun-Kwon Yoon, Minha Choi e Young-Il Moon. "A case study of regional risk assessment of river restoration projects: Nakdong River Basin, South Korea". Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, n.º 3 (19 de fevereiro de 2015): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2015.113.
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An integrated approach to risk assessment that can pose significant challenges to mitigation and adaptation at the local or regional levels in the context of climate change was developed. First, a conceptual framework for flood risk analysis was developed based on the hydrologic hazard and the socioeconomic vulnerability of a region. Second, weighting factors for each indicator were estimated using the modified Delphi approach based on the results of a survey of an expert group. Third, geographic information system analysis described the hydrologic risk at the regional level before and after completion of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project at the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent of the resilience of the Nakdong River Basin based on climate change scenarios to extend the existing research. It was found that the effect of the river restoration project in the future would be insignificant in terms of risk control over regions where floods are likely to increase upon climate change. We believe that this study provides useful information for the development of scientific, effective risk management tools for consistent application in a time of changing climate.
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Se Hyun, Ahn. "Anatomy of the Republic of Korea’s Niche Strategic Engagement in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS): ROK’s Tailor-Made Strategy and its Security Policy Implication". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 34, n.º 3 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps34305.
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Republic of Korea’s engagement in Southeast Asia could be generally understood as its Official Development Aid (ODA) strategy in most academic interpretation. Nonetheless, this article examines not only Korea’s traditional ODA approach toward Southeast Asia but also Korea’s uniquely tailor-made strategy toward Indo-China Peninsula in particular as well as what is to be done. In other words, this article intends to take further step beyond ODA interpretation of this particular subject over this region. This study specifically provides with multi-dimensional analysis of Republic of Korea’s involvement in Mekong River Sub-region as well as its regional and global security policy implication. The main thesis of this study is that Korea had no choice but to pursue Niche diplomacy toward the region because Korea did not possess full capacity enough to compete against Japan or China. In this sense, Korea’s own development experience is very unique and perhaps the only experience that no other country in the world has possessed. This article contends that Korea’s knowledge based capacity building projects toward Greater Mekong Sub-region such as KSP, CIAT, special Master’s degree training projects, local capacity building process, and etc. will continue to increase and diversify in terms of scale and contents. Again, based upon Knowledge based capacity building projects, Korea is in the process of producing a wide range of its unique tailor- made ODA programs for each member states of GMS. Unlike Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Korea also tends to put more emphasis on creating exclusive Master’s degree Training Program which is centered on trainees of ODA Recipient countries. In this regard, Korea’s approach is aiming at strengthening discrimination by introducing a systemic evaluation system for training projects. This program will also turn out linchpin of ROK’s new strategy toward Mekong River area.
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Kim, Kang-Rae, Mu-Sung Sung e Keun-Sik Kim. "Population Structure Using Mitochondrial DNA for the Conservation of Liobagrus geumgangensis (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae), an Endemic Freshwater Fish in Korea". Fishes 9, n.º 5 (25 de abril de 2024): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050153.
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Liobagrus geumgangensis is a novel Korean fish species endemic to the Geumgang and Mangyeonggang River basins on the Korean Peninsula. During a survey of L. geumgangensis, the discovery of Liobagrus mediadiposalis as a potential threat prompted an investigation into L. geumgangensis genetic diversity and structure. Three populations of L. geumagangensis and one population of L. mediadiposalis were investigated using a 1024-bp sequence in the cytb region of mitochondrial DNA. The Mangyeonggang River of L. geumagangensis displayed the lowest haplotype diversity (Hd) within a range of 0.000–0.337, with one to two haplotypes (h). The Jecheon region of the Geumgang River for L. geumagangensis population had the highest nucleotide diversity (π) and was within the range of 0.00000–0.00066. The h of L. mediadiposalis population was 3, the range of Hd was 0.292, and π was 0.00231. Tajima’s D (D) and Fu’s Fs (F) were negative and non-significant in the LgGJ population. The genetic structure of L. geumgangensis had no shared haplotypes among the three populations. The discovery of L. mediadiposalis in the Geumgang River suggests the necessity of non-habitat conservation and population management of fish farms to conserve L. geumgangensis.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Thi, Tien Le Thuy Du, Hyunkyu Park, Chi-Hung Chang, Sunghwa Choi, Hyosok Chae, E. James Nelson, Faisal Hossain, Donghwan Kim e Hyongki Lee. "Estimating the Impacts of Ungauged Reservoirs Using Publicly Available Streamflow Simulations and Satellite Remote Sensing". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 18 (16 de setembro de 2023): 4563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184563.
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On the Korean Peninsula, the Imjin River is a transboundary river that flows from North Korea into South Korea. Therefore, human intervention activities in the upstream region can have a substantial impact on the downstream region of South Korea. In addition to climate impacts, there are increasing concerns regarding upstream man-made activities, particularly the operation of the Hwanggang dam located in the territory of North Korea. This study explored the feasibility of using the publicly available global hydrological model and satellite remote sensing imagery for monitoring reservoir dynamics and assessing their impacts on downstream hydrology. “Naturalized” streamflow simulation was obtained from the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) Global Water Sustainability (GEOGloWS) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Streamflow Services (GESS) model. To correct the biases of the GESS-based streamflow simulations, we employed quantile mapping using the observed streamflow from a nearby location. This method significantly reduced volume and variability biases by up to 5 times on both daily and monthly scales. Nevertheless, its effectiveness in improving temporal correlation on a daily scale in small catchments remained constrained. For the reservoir storage changes in the Hwanggang dam, we combined multiple remote sensing imagery, particularly cloud-free optical images of Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and snow-free Sentinel-1, with the area–elevation–volume (AEV) curves derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In assessing its hydrological impacts, the study found that overall impacts within the downstream catchment in Pilseung bridge of South Korea were generally less significant compared to the upstream Hwanggang catchment. However, there was a higher probability of experiencing water shortages during wet months due to the upstream dam’s operations. The study highlights the potential benefits of utilizing the publicly available hydrological model and satellite remote sensing imagery to supplement decision makers with important information for the effective management of the transboundary river basin in ungauged regions.
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Ahn, Young Sup, Jeong Hoon Lee, Tae Jin An, Chung Berm Park, Sung Gi Moon, Myeong Seok Kim, Joung Seok Seo e Cheol Hee Lee. "Distribution of Medicinal Plants and Vascular Plants Growing at Yangsan Region of Nakdong River, Korea". Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 20, n.º 6 (30 de dezembro de 2012): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2012.20.6.421.
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Moon, Jinah, Heejung Kim e Han-Sun Ryu. "Hydroecology of Argyroneta aquatica’s Habitat in Hantangang River Geopark, South Korea". Sustainability 14, n.º 9 (21 de abril de 2022): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14094988.
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The water spider (Argyroneta aquatic) is the only known spider to live a fully aquatic life. Therefore, it has been the subject of a series of studies on various aspects of its unique biology such as its reproductive behavior, sexual dimorphism, physiology, genetics, and silk. However, there have been relatively few studies on the hydroecology of where water spiders live. The water spider habitat in Eundae-ri, Yeoncheon is the only habitat for A. aquatica, a globally rare species, in South Korea. In this region, the water level of the wetland is automatically adjusted to groundwater owing to continued drying. Here, the surface water, wetland, and groundwater near the A. aquatica habitat were studied using hydrochemical, microbiological, and correlation analyses. The hydrochemical properties—water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential, and turbidity—of the surface water and wetland were similar. The Piper diagrams revealed that the wetlands, surface water, and most of the groundwater portrayed Ca-HCO3-type properties, whereas only areas where the water level of the wetland was controlled displayed Na-HCO3-type properties. Furthermore, the NO3 content was too low to be detected in the wetland, indicating clean and non-polluted water conditions; additionally, heavier oxygen-hydrogen isotopes were observed because these regions were climatically affected by the wetland. The dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Nitrospirae. The correlation analysis revealed that the major environmental control factors of the A. aquatica habitat were DO, temperature, and pH, and the related bacteria were Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia.
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Park, Joo Myun, Ralf Riedel, Hyun Hee Ju e Hee Chan Choi. "Fish Assemblage Structure Comparison between Freshwater and Estuarine Habitats in the Lower Nakdong River, South Korea". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, n.º 7 (5 de julho de 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070496.
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Variabilities of biological communities in lower reaches of urban river systems are highly influenced by artificial constructions, alterations of flow regimes and episodic weather events. Impacts of estuary weirs on fish assemblages are particularly distinct because the weirs are disturbed in linking between freshwater and estuarine fish communities, and migration successes for regional fish fauna. This study conducted fish sampling at the lower reaches of the Nakdong River to assess spatio-temporal variations in fish assemblages, and effects of estuary weir on structuring fish assemblage between freshwater and estuary habitats. In total, 20,386 specimens comprising 78 species and 41 families were collected. The numerical dominant fish species were Tachysurus nitidus (48.8% in total abundance), Hemibarbus labeo (10.7%) and Chanodichthys erythropterus (3.6%) in the freshwater region, and Engraulis japonicus (10.0%), Nuchequula nuchalis (7.7%) and Clupea pallasii (5.2%) in the estuarine site. The fish sampled were primarily small species or the juveniles of larger species at the estuary region, while all life stages of fishes were observed at the freshwater habitats. The diversity patterns of fish assemblages varied greatly according to study site and season, with higher trends at estuarine sites during the warm-rainy season. No significant difference in diversity between freshwater and estuarine sites during the cold-dry season were found. Multivariate analyses of fish assemblage showed spatial and seasonal differences of assemblage structures. Higher effects of between-site variability but not within seasonal variability at each site were observed. Variations in assemblage structures were due to different contributions of dominant species in each habitat. Common freshwater species characterized the fish assemblage in the freshwater region, while marine juveniles were significantly associated with the estuarine habitat. The results from the ecological guild analyses showed distinct ecological roles for freshwater and marine species, and overlapping roles for fish sampled at the fishways. The lower reaches of the Nakdong River are an important ecosystem for both freshwater and marine juveniles. Nakdong River estuarine residents and migrant fishes, however, have been negatively affected by the construction of the weir (gravity dam), due to the obstruction to migration from and to freshwater habitats. Conservation and management policies aimed at minimizing anthropogenic influences on estuary ecosystems should focus on evaluating ecological functions of estuary weirs.
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Song, Nianshen. "The Journey towards “No Man's Land”: Interpreting the China-Korea Borderland within Imperial and Colonial Contexts". Journal of Asian Studies 76, n.º 4 (20 de setembro de 2017): 1035–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181700078x.
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In the early twentieth century, the sovereignty of a territory north of the China-Korea Tumen River border was under severe dispute between China, Korea, and Japan. Based on a Jesuit memoir and map of Korea published in eighteenth-century Europe, a Japanese colonial bureaucrat and international law expert, Shinoda Jisaku, asserted that a vast region north of the China-Korea border should be regarded as a “no man's land.” Employing Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and European materials, this article traces the origin and evolution of such a definition. It demonstrates that the Jesuit map and description were based on false geographic information, which the Korean court deliberately provided to a Manchu official in 1713 in order to safeguard its interests. During prolonged intercommunication between diverse areas of the globe during the past three centuries, spatial and legal knowledge has been produced, reproduced, and transformed within imperial and colonial contexts.
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Kim, Jongsung, Donghyun Kim, Myungjin Lee, Heechan Han e Hung Soo Kim. "Determining the Risk Level of Heavy Rain Damage by Region in South Korea". Water 14, n.º 2 (12 de janeiro de 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020219.
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For risk assessment, two methods, quantitative risk assessment and qualitative risk assessment, are used. In this study, we identified the regional risk level for a disaster-prevention plan for an overall area at the national level using qualitative risk assessment. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, a heavy rain damage risk index (HDRI) was proposed by clarifying the framework and using the indicator selection principle. Using historical damage data, we also carried out hierarchical cluster analysis to identify the major damage types that were not considered in previous risk-assessment studies. The result of the risk-level analysis revealed that risk levels are relatively high in some cities in South Korea where heavy rain damage occurs frequently or is severe. Five causes of damage were derived from this study—A: landslides, B: river inundation, C: poor drainage in arable areas, D: rapid water velocity, and E: inundation in urban lowlands. Finally, a prevention project was proposed considering regional risk level and damage type in this study. Our results can be used when macroscopically planning mid- to long-term disaster prevention projects.
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Jin, Xu, Xue-Yuan Yan e Yi-Han Wang. "The Competitiveness of Port Logistics in China’s Yangtze River Delta and Implications for Korea: Focus on Diamond Model and Regional Innovation System (RIS) Model". Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2022): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.207.
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Purpose This study attempted to analyze the competitiveness of the three major ports, Shanghai Port, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, and Lianyungang Port, and put forward policy implications for the development of the ports in the Yangtze River Delta to enlighten the development of port logistics in South Korea and propose the possibility of cooperation between South Korean and Chinese ports. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, two influencing factors were analyzed by deriving the sub-factors of four determinants of Porter’s diamond model, and the competitiveness of port logistics in the Yangtze Delta in China was analyzed using the Regional Innovation System (RIS) model. Findings Through the analysis of each representative port in the Yangtze Delta region, the overall competitiveness of port logistics is in relatively good condition. Except for the relatively low logistics competitiveness of ports such as the Lianyun River Port, most ports, including Shanghai Port and Ningbo-Zhou San Port, are already high. Research Implications First, it is necessary to establish a diversified cooperative system for the distribution of port logistics between Korea and China. Second, it is indispensable to take full advantage of a policy to revitalize regional ports at a national level. Third, it is necessary to continue to expand the industrial supply network and ties in the port hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta region of China. Fourth, it is necessary to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the regional innovation system and establish a business strategy for port logistics toward China.
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Kang, Cholhyok, Yili Zhang, Basanta Paudel, Linshan Liu, Zhaofeng Wang e Ryongsu Li. "Exploring the Factors Driving Changes in Farmland within the Tumen/Tuman River Basin". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, n.º 9 (27 de agosto de 2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090352.
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Understanding farmland changes and their mechanisms is important for food security and sustainable development. This study assesses the farmland changes and their drivers within the Tumen River of China and the Tuman River within the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) from 1991 to 2016 (1991–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2016). Farmland surfaces in Tumen/Tuman River Basin (TRB) for each of the years were mapped from satellite imagery using an object-based image segmentation and a support vector machine (SVM) approach. A logistic regression was applied to discern the mechanisms underlying farmland changes. Results indicate that cultivated surfaces changes within the two regions were characterized by large differences during the three time periods. The decreases of cultivated surface of −15.55 km2 (i.e., 0.55% of total cultivated surface area in 2000) and −23.61 km2 (i.e., 0.83% of total cultivated surface area in 2016) occurred in China between 1991 and 2000 and between 2010 and 2016, respectively; while an increase of 30.98 km2 (i.e., 1.09% of total cultivated surface area in 2010) was seen between 2000 and 2010. Cultivated surfaces increased within DPR Korea side over the three time periods; a marked increase, in particular, was seen between 1991 and 2000 by 443.93 km2 (i.e., 23.43% of total cultivated surface area in 2000), while farmland increased by 140.87 km2 (i.e., 6.92% of total cultivated surface area in 2010) and 180.86 km2 (i.e., 1.78% of total cultivated surface area in 2016), respectively, between 2000 and 2010 and between 2010 and 2016. We also found that expansions and contractions in farmland within both regions of the TRB were mainly influenced by topographic, soil, climatic, and distance factors, which had different importance degrees. Among these significant forces, the temperatures in the two regions were paramount positive factors on farmland changes during 1991–2016 and slope in China and precipitation in DPR Korea were the paramount negative factors affecting farmland changes, respectively. Additionally, except for between 2000 and 2010 in DPR Korea TRB region, most of the factors significantly influencing the farmland changes revealed the same positive or negative effects in different periods, because of mountainous topography. This study allows enhancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying farmland changes in the TRB.
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Liu, Jing, e Yan Piao. "Expansion, Contestation, and Boundary Making: Chosŏn Korea and Ming China’s Border Relations over the Yalu River Region". International Journal of Korean History 25, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2020): 105–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2020.25.2.105.
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Choi, Jong-Yun, Hany Chang e Seong-Ki Kim. "Distribution Pattern and Brood Parasitism Characteristics of an Endangered Fish, Pseudopungtungia nigra, in the Geum River Basin, South Korea". Fishes 7, n.º 6 (7 de novembro de 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060321.
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Pseudopungtungia nigra is an endangered fish species endemic to South Korea with a narrow habitat range in the Geum River basin. Understanding their long-term distribution (25 years, 1997–2021) and breeding characteristics can contribute to the conservation and habitat management of endangered species in this area. We analyzed long-term data on environmental factors and fish in the Geum River and investigated the invading and spawning characteristics of P. nigra using underwater cameras. From the study results, P. nigra indicated no clear dispersion or decline trend in the Geum River. P. nigra exhibits brood parasitic behavior in the nest of Coreoperca herzi, another species found in the same region. C. herzi males protect their nests during the spawning period, and the eggs spawned by P. nigra in the nests of C. herzi are also protected by C. herzi. This high dependency of P. nigra on C. herzi possibly contributed to its distribution range in the Geum River basin. Habitat changes caused by anthropogenic interventions during the study period did not significantly affect the distribution of P. nigra. The results indicate that the distribution pattern of P. nigra is influenced by the distribution of sympatric fish species rather than environmental changes.
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Zubko, Andrii. "Weight systems of ancient civilizations in Korea and Japan". Ethnic History of European Nations, n.º 67 (2022): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.17.
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Ancient civilizations in Central Asia and the Far East have appeared after a long period of developing social relations, material and spiritual culture of the population of this vast region of the Earth. In Central Asia, economic development was based on animal husbandry, and in the Far East, on land cultivation. Continuous growth of production and trade took place simultaneously with state formation that continued over millenniums. First proto – state formations of this region have created unified length, weight and volume measures that were indispensable for a successful economic development. The needs of trade necessitated the advent of monetary units that long have been closely related to weight measures. Gradually, every state saw the adoption of unified monetary – weight systems. It has long been known that the development of production and trade, social processes, state building takes place in those regions where several types of economy coexist. The type of farm is determined by natural conditions. There are several natural areas in the Far East. The first is the forest zone of Siberia and Primorie, where the population was engaged in hunting and forestry. The second – the area of steppes and deserts of Manchuria, Mongolia, the plateaus of Tibet, suitable for livestock. The third is the area of the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys, where irrigated agriculture developed and the Chinese began cultivating rice for the first time in the world. Fourth – the area of the Yellow Sea coast, the coast of Korea, the Japanese islands, where the population was engaged in sea fishing and trade. In the interaction and complementarity of all these forms of economy arose the civilizations of the Far East. In the Far East, the geographical location of the Korean Peninsula is compared with Italy, the Japanese Islands – with England and Ireland. It is on the shores of navigable rivers, the Yellow Sea coast, the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese islands for thousands of years the most intensive development of production, domestic and foreign trade, and in modern times there was an industrial revolution. This work describes the development and mutual influence of weight systems used by ancient civilizations in Central Asia and the Far East in the course of international trade. Weight norms and their correlation with each other and with monetary denominations in every separate country have been determined.
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Lee, Jeongwoo, Chul-Gyum Kim, Jeong Lee, Nam Kim e Hyeonjun Kim. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Rainfall Forecasting in the Geum River Basin, Korea". Water 10, n.º 10 (14 de outubro de 2018): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101448.
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This study develops a late spring-early summer rainfall forecasting model using an artificial neural network (ANN) for the Geum River Basin in South Korea. After identifying the lagged correlation between climate indices and the rainfall amount in May and June, 11 significant input variables were selected for the preliminary ANN structure. From quantification of the relative importance of the input variables, the lagged climate indices of East Atlantic Pattern (EA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), East Pacific/North Pacific Oscillation (EP/NP), and Tropical Northern Atlantic Index (TNA) were identified as significant predictors and were used to construct a much simpler ANN model. The final best ANN model, with five input variables, showed acceptable performance with relative root mean square errors of 25.84%, 32.72%, and 34.75% for training, validation, and testing data sets, respectively. The hit score, which is the number of hit years divided by the total number of years, was more than 60%, which indicates that the ANN model successfully predicts rainfall in the study area. The developed ANN model, incorporated with lagged global climate indices, could allow for more timely and flexible management of water resources and better preparation against potential droughts in the study region.
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Hanh, Doan Thi My, Ma Bich Tien e Dang Thanh Liem. "Investing In the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam – The Opportunity for Small and Medium Enterprises of Korea". Business and Economic Research 8, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i3.13580.
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This article provides a direction for furfure research in small and medium enterprises invest in foreigner countries; specially in Vietnam market. The major projects that Korea Enterprises invested covered mostly in the Northern of Vietnam provinces such as Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Thai Nguyen. Meanwhile, in southern Vietnam, the Mekong River Delta region with many projects calling for investment in agriculture and tourism has not attracted much attention from Korean investors. The article using the method of descriptive statistics to overview the project investment in agriculture and tourism of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam and points out the advantages of Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in these two sectors. The results of study showed that Mekong River Delta has incentive policies for investment. Besides, with the general policy of Vietnamese government for agriculture and tourism projects, they had incentive policies for foreigner invest in these fields. Moreover, Korea has many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as investing experience in Vietnam. This articles strongly encourages the research of the opportunity for foreigner SMEs invest in tourism and agriculture in other countries, especially emerging market as Vietnam.
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Li, Ying, Yuxi Peng, Hailong Li, Weihong Zhu, Yury Darman, Dong Kun Lee, Tianming Wang et al. "Prediction of range expansion and estimation of dispersal routes of water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in the transboundary region between China, the Russian Far East and the Korean Peninsula". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 4 (14 de abril de 2022): e0264660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264660.
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Global changes may direct species expansion away from their current range. When such an expansion occurs, and the species colonizes a new region, it is important to monitor the habitat used by the species and utilize the information to updated management strategies. Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is listed as Vulnerable species in IUCN Red List and is restricted to east central China and the Korean Peninsula. Since 2017, water deer has expanded its range towards northeast China and the Russian Far East. The objective of our study is to provide support for a better understanding of habitat use and provide suggestions for developing conservation strategy. We collected occurrence data in northeast China and the Russian Far East during 2017–2021. We used MaxEnt to predict habitat suitability for water deer and applied Circuitscape to determine possible dispersal routes for the species. We used seven environmental variables, viz., altitude, slope, aspect, distance to built-up area, distance to water source, distance to cropland and distance to roads for habitat suitability prediction. We chose the MaxEnt model (AICc = 2572.86) suitable for our data with the AUC value result of 0.935±0.014. There is good quality habitat for water deer in the boundary area of the Yalu and Tumen River estuaries between China, North Korea, and the Russian Far East, as well as the east and west regions of the Korean Peninsula. We identified three main suitable habitat patches, two of them located in east (NK2) and west (NK3) North Korea, and one in the newly colonized area downstream of the Tumen River along the border of China, Russia, and North Korea (TM1). Elevation, distance to cropland and water sources, and presence of wetlands were the variables that positively contributed to modelling the suitable habitats. Two possible dispersal routes were determined using the circuit theory, one was across the area from North Korea to the downstream Tumen transboundary region (Route B), and the other was across North Korea to the boundary region in China and along the tiger national park in northern China (Route A). A series of protected areas in North Korea, China, and Russia may support the dispersal of water deer. From the study on water deer dispersal, we can understand the existing ecological network in northeast Asia, which will benefit the whole landscape and biodiversity conservation. However, there are many threats present, and there is need for continued monitoring inside and outside the protected areas. Information sharing with stakeholders and carrying out local communities awareness activities are important. The establishment of a Northeast Asia landscape conservation network would help establish monitoring and conservation planning at a broad scale, and this study provides an example of the need for such a network.
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Lee, Moon-Hyoung. "The introduction and spread of Japanese bell patterns in the modern period of Korea and the succession of traditional The The Historical and Cultural Sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do and Future Tasks". RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE MAHAN-BAEKJE CULTURE 39 (30 de junho de 2022): 152–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.152.
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Lately, the inclusion of certain provincial regions in the ‘Mahan Historical and Cultural Sphere’ of the 「Historical and Cultural Zone Reorganization Act」 has been a great concern of local people. Fortunately, the revised bill of the act has passed the National Assembly and is about to go into effect in coming June.
In recent years, an intensive study has been conducted on the pit tombs from which potteries with ring rims and Korean style bronze daggers have been excavated mostly around the Mangyeong River Basin in Jeollabuk-do, which has thus emerged as the largest center of tomb remains of the early Iron Age or the founding period of Mahan. Based on a series of achievements like this, the basin-shaped space from Mireuksan in Iksan to Moaksan in Jeonju occasionally comes to be set as the ‘Mangyeong River Basin Cultural Zone’. Besides, the remains of mounded burials (墳丘墓) which are represented by the remains of Sangun-ri, Wanju have been identified throughout the Jeonbuk region. The present paper investigates the importance of the Jeonbuk region in the Mahan period by organizing the remains of tombs related to Mahan in the Jeollabuk-do region and examining the establishment of cultural spheres according to the water system and their characteristics.
In Chapter II, the contents of the ‘Mahan Historical and Cultural Sphere’, including the process of initiation and enactment of the 「Historical and Cultural Zone Reorganization Act」, were reviewed and the problems of the bill were examined.
In Chapter Ⅲ, the cultural sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do and its characteristics wereclassified into the cultural spheres according to the water system based on the remains of the tombs investigated so far. As a result, the cultural sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do was subdivided largely into the Mangyeong River Basin - Dongjin River Basin - Gochang Stream Basin.
In Chapter Ⅳ, As for the characteristics of the related river basins, it was found that there are a large number of tomb remains from a relatively early period coincident with the formation or establishment time of Mahan in the Mangyeong River Basin. In case of the Dongjin River Basin, the amounts of archaeological data are relatively small, but notable was the Unhak-ri tomb cluster in Jeongeup, where a belt of the Chinese Qin Dynasty was discovered. Lastly, in the Gochang Stream Basin, Mahan’s mounded burials since the 3rd century are densely distributed and it was confirmed that, among them, the ancient tombs cluster of Bongdeok-ri, Gochang are at its zenith.
In the end, it turned out that all the tombs from the formation period of Mahan to the multiple and high mounded ancient tombs of the Mahan tradition could be confirmed through the tombs remains of the Mahan period in each water system of the Jeonbuk region. Consequently, it could be summed up that the proportion of Jeonbuk region on the historical stage of Mahan is heavily large. It seems therefore necessary to study Mahan culture in Jeonbuk region from a broader perspective with a view to advertise the excellence of Mahan culture in broader scope of Jeollabuk-do. In addition, it is further requested to mobilize active administrative power and to introduce an organic cooperative system with other regions. For this purpose, the nurturing of related experts should be accompanied, as well.
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Yongkyoung, Kim. "A Brief Discussion on the News Media of Modern Korea". Asian Social Science 14, n.º 7 (22 de junho de 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n7p53.
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The relationship between the ancient and modern China with the Korean Peninsula can be summed up using the term "fed by the same river", meaning neighbours separated by only a strip of water. Especially with the efforts of both China and Korea, the ancient East Asia region has created a splendid culture and has been the leaders in the world for a long period of time. However, by the end of the 19th century, the Japanese imperialist forces had always tried to 'Conquer the Korean Peninsula,' and, in 1910, the Korean Peninsula finally became a Japanese colony. After entering the modern era, one of the phenomenas manifested in the information flow in East Asia is the rapid development of media in China and Japan due to the increase in newspapers and magazines issued by the West.190 years ago, Chosun Dynasty under the Lee Family had continuously initiated the modernization movement in the Korean Peninsula, through introducing modernization productions from the West, the Qing Dynasty and Japan. In the modernization process, the opposition between "ethnography" and "pro- Japanese Korean" have resulted social conflicts.
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Beydina, T., e A. Litovchenko. "The «Augmented Tumangan Initiative» trends and prospects". Transbaikal State University Journal 27, n.º 9 (2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-9-45-54.
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The article discusses the problems of the « Augmented Tumangan Initiative» (ATI) implementation in Northeast Asia from the position of the relative interests of the participating countries in the project, prospects for the formation of multilateral political dialogue, and also possible regional public goods that can be achieved both by an individual party and of the region as a whole. The article describes the role of transport communications in the development of the region, free economic zones created within the ATI, prospects for countries’ participation in the creation of a regional value chain. The authors have tried to apply a mathematical method of analysis, in particular Game Theory, to assess the strategic behavior of the RTI member countries in conditions of conflict of interests. The authors provide an analytical and predictive assessment of the multilateral relations development of the initiatives’ participants. The Augmented Tumangan Initiative, approved under the auspices of the United Nations Development Program based on The Tumannay River Area Development Program, is an intergovernmental mechanism for regional cooperation in Northeast Asia, in which four countries are currently participating: Russian Federation, People’s Republic of China, Mongolia and the Republic of Korea. The program bears the same name as the Tumangan River, which separates three border states: Russia, China and North Korea. Until 2009, North Korea was a part of the participants, but due to, as the North Korean side indicated, the lack of effectiveness of the project, it announced the termination of its participation. Japan initially did not join the ATI, since it considered the possible contribution of each of the countries that have different stages of economic development and, accordingly, different levels of financial potential will be unequal. It should also be noted that there are territorial disputes between the participants and the unstable situation on the Korean Peninsula. However, due to possible relative economic interests, each of the countries, including the DPRK and Japan, does not exclude the possibility of using the ATI site to obtain their own benefits
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Borlykova, Boskha Kh, e Badma V. Menyaev. "Towards the Study of Oirat Hydronyms of the Ili River". Вопросы Ономастики 19, n.º 2 (2022): 104–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.2.019.
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The paper explores Oirat hydronyms of the basin of the River of Ili (known as Ili, Tekes, Dzhirgalan, Ulan Bulak, Artsata Musar, etc.) recorded in a variety of written and oral sources of the 17th–21st centuries in different graphic and phonetic variants (in the Oirat “Clear Script,” in Latin, and in Cyrillic). Oirat river names are significantly distorted when rendered into other languages, which complicates their etymological interpretation. The material under consideration includes the translation of the 17th century “Biography of Zaya-pandita,” the map of Dzungaria by Ivan Unkovsky (1722–1724), the map of the Dzungar state of 1738 by Johan Gustaf Renat, dictionaries of the Mongolian and Turkic languages, the archive materials of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Kalmyk Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as personal field materials of the authors collected in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan (in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2021) and the Mongol-Kurya county of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of People’s Republic of Korea (in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2021). Geographical names of the Ili River basin are very well preserved in folklore of Sart Kalmyks living in the Tekes River valley until the second half of the 19th century, as well as in the Oirat-Mongolian folklore of Xinjiang. Typologically, Oirat hydronyms of the Ili River basin include: 1) names that can be attributed to both Mongolian (Oirat) and Turkic vocabulary, 2) hybrid names consisting of Turkic and Mongolian words, 3) original Oirat names, 4) names associated with Buddhism. The semantic and etymological analysis of the Oirat hydronyms of the Ili River basin indicates that in past times, seasonal migrations of the Oirats-nomads largely depended on the water landscape, which reflected in the detailed terminology of hydrographic objects.
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Kang, Taek Goo, Yebin Kim e Oh Seok Kim. "Comparing the uses of Korean and Chinese Place Names for Baekdu Mountain, Tuman River, and Amnok River in the Literature of North Korea-China Border Region". Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers 13, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2024): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25202/jakg.13.2.6.
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Cha, W., H. Choi, J. Kim e I. S. Kim. "Evaluation of wastewater effluents for soil aquifer treatment in South Korea". Water Science and Technology 50, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2004): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0147.
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Soil batch and column experiments were performed to characterize the wastewater effluents from seven different wastewater treatment plants in the Jonnam province, South Korea, with the purpose of evaluating the effluents for possible application of a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) in Korea. Batch experiments were conducted to measure the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) while 1 m soil columns, for simulating SAT, were employed to further analyze dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. The soils were collected from a river bottom in Jonnam. The BDOC fractions and the residual DOC concentrations for the effluents ranged from 19.3 to 59.9% and from 1.0 to 7.5 mg/L, respectively, depending on the reaction time. Applying the tentative criteria based on the data obtained for the BDOC and residual DOC, three effluents, from Gwangju, Hwasoon, and Jangsung, were found to be the most suitable for SAT applications. It was also concluded that the site characteristics should be also considered with regard to the retention time when evaluating the feasibility of SAT application in a certain region.
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Kim, Hwa Sun, Ho-Woo Nam, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim e Yeong Hoon Kim. "Relationship between Clonorchis sinensis Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma in Korea". Korean Journal of Parasitology 60, n.º 4 (24 de agosto de 2022): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.261.
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This study provides an overview of the current status of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and their relationship in Korea during 2012-2020. Data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea. Cluster, trend, and correlation analyses were performed. Gyeongsangnam-do and Seoul had the highest average number of cases (1,026 and 4,208) and adjusted rate (306 and 424) for clonorchiasis and CCA, respectively. The most likely clusters (MLC) for clonorchiasis and CCA were Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do/Ulsan/Daegu/Gyeongsangbuk-do (Relative Risk; RR = 4.55, Likelihood Ratio; LLR = 9,131.115) joint cluster and Seoul (RR = 2.29, LLR = 7,602.472), respectively. The MLC for clonorchiasis was in the southeastern part of Korea, while that for CCA was in the southern part. Clonorchiasis showed a decreasing trend in the southeastern districts, while increased in the southwestern districts. Cities in the central region had a decreasing trend, while the western districts had an increasing trend. In most adults (30-59), infection rate of clonorchiasis showed a significant decrease until 2018, while thereafter increased, although not significant. CCA showed a sharply decreasing tendency. The incidence of clonorchiasis and CCA were positively correlated. In general, the correlation was weak (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), but it was strongly positive around the 4 river basins (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). This study might provide an analytic basis for developing an effective system against clonorchiasis and CCA.
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Cho, Yong-Chul, Hyeonmi Choi, Soon-Ju Yu, Sang-Hun Kim e Jong-Kwon Im. "Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variations in the Water Quality of the Han River Basin, South Korea, Using Multivariate Statistical and APCS-MLR Modeling Techniques". Agronomy 11, n.º 12 (3 de dezembro de 2021): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122469.
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This study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of water quality in the Han River Basin (HRB) as well as the contributions of potential pollution sources using multivariate statistical and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) modeling techniques. From 2011 to 2020, data on water quality parameters were collected from 14 sites in the Ministry of Environment’s water quality monitoring network. Using spatiotemporal cluster analysis, these sites were classified into two periods over the year (dry and wet seasons) and into three regions: low pollution region (LPR), moderate pollution region (MPR), and high pollution region (HPR). Through principal component analysis, we identified four potential factors accounting for 80.1% and 74.1% of the total variance in the LPR and MPR, respectively, and three that accounted for 72.7% of the total variance in the HPR. APCS-MLR results indicated domestic sewage and phytoplankton growth (25%), domestic sewage and seasonal influence (29%), and point pollution sources caused by domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge (31%) as potential factors for the LPR, MPR, and HPR. These results demonstrate that the multivariate statistical techniques and the APCS-MLR model can be effectively used to monitor network design, quantitatively evaluate potential pollution sources, and establish efficient water quality management policies.
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Mun, J. H., Y. H. Song, K. L. Heong e G. K. Roderick. "Genetic variation among Asian populations of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): mitochondrial DNA sequences". Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, n.º 3 (março de 1999): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748539900036x.
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AbstractMany species of insects associated with cultivated rice do not over-winter in Korea and Japan, but migrate into these areas each year. To understand better the origins of these immigrations as well as the geographic structure of rice pests in Asian rice growing regions, intraspecific variation in two species of delphacid planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera Horvath, was examined. An 850 base pair region of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase-I (CO-I) was sequenced from a total of 71 individuals collected from 11 localities in seven countries: Korea, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. In N. lugens, three haplotypes were found and all populations sampled shared a dominant haplotype. Localities in Korea contained two haplotypes and localities in China and the Philippines contained three. However, in samples from the Indochina peninsula no variation was detected either within or between populations, consistent with a hypothesis of regular migration and gene flow. These populations did not contain some haplotypes found in Korea, suggesting they were not the source of yearly immigration into Korea and, by extension, Japan. Populations from China did share haplotypes with Korea, which was consistent with the hypothesis that China was the source for yearly immigration into Korea. There was insufficient resolution to distinguish among populations in China. For N. lugens, the data suggested that populations south of the Red River Valley in Vietnam experienced regular mixing and were distinct from populations to the north which contributed to yearly immigrations. In S. furcifera, there was less differentiation among populations. Two haplotypes were found in all populations except Malaysia. The results for both species were consistent with seasonal weather data and indicated that more detailed analysis of DNA sequence data will be fruitful.
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Kim, Jooyoung, Taehee Kim, Jinhyoung Lee e Inseop Shin. "Exploring Humanistic Layers of Urban Travel". Transfers 9, n.º 3 (1 de dezembro de 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2019.090307.
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This think piece approaches urban travel from a mobility humanities perspective, using the example of Seoul, South Korea, a leading metropolis in Asia. The article demonstrates three modes of interpreting urban travel in Seoul: (1) representation by means of mobile video technologies embodying a paradoxical relationship of powers; (2) literary imagination confining a possible mobile community in a restricted region; and (3) philosophical speculation presenting “crossing the Han River” as a spiritual and emotional reproduction of the connection between, and consequential rupture of, heterogeneous territories. The article pays particular attention to the represented, imagined, and speculated dimensions of urban travel, which is understood as a physically practiced and cognitively elaborated production, rather than a predefined movement per se.
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Mykhailyk, Olha. "URBAN PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF RETURNING COASTAL AREAS TO CITIZENS". Urban development and spatial planning, n.º 78 (29 de outubro de 2021): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.78.365-378.
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The extremely important issue of today is the return of coastal areas to city dwellers. The peculiarities of urban, landscape and integrated directions of organization of coastal territories are considered with the definition of their advantages and disadvantages. Bright examples of all three principles of coastal development are given. The basic town-planning methods of the organization of coastal territories are defined. The focus is on the urgency of reviving natural ecosystems in cities by revitalizing urban rivers with the return of rivers to their natural qualities - natural bed, flora, fauna, ecotones, which will improve the atmosphere of the urban environment, microclimate, create recreation areas for citizens. The most striking example of successful revitalization project is the revival of the Chongecheong River in Seoul (South Korea). The creation of Pochayna Park in the Obolonskyi district of Kyiv with the revival of the small Pochayna River by Kyiv designers and architects in partnership with Korean colleagues was presented. The creation of public spaces in coastal areas is a condition for improving the quality of life of urban residents. Concern for the human dimension in cities is at the heart of these projects. The realized project on revival of the small river Yahorlyk in Odesa region is given. Revitalization of the small river Yahorlyk launched a campaign to revive Ukrainian rivers.
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Ashu, Agbortoko Bate, e Sang-Il Lee. "Multi-Site Calibration of Hydrological Model and Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Water Balance in a Monsoon Watershed". Water 15, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020360.
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Understanding hydrological processes using hydrological model parameters can improve the management of water resources in a watershed. This research uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in examining the water balance in the Yeongsan River Basin, South Korea. Summer monsoon dominates the region, accounting for about 60–70% of the rain between June to September. The basin is facing significant challenges in water management due to the limited availability of water and the high demand for agricultural water due to the construction of two weirs on the river. To this end, a new multi-site calibration approach-based SWAT hydrological model that can accurately reproduce the hydrological trend and average discharges of the Yeongsan basin for 42 years (1980–2021) was developed. Some statistical matrices (such as Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency) were utilized in calibrating and validating the model. Results show that the performance indicators for the four investigated stream flow stations were satisfactory. In addition, the water balance study revealed that the highest precipitation and evapotranspiration occurred in August, whereas the highest water yield, lateral flow, and surface flow occurred in July. Further, the model revealed that the Yeongsan river basin receives the majority of its water from the rains during the monsoon season. The model developed in this study can aid planners in managing water resources in the Yeongsan river basin.
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Leonkin, A. D. "Relations between the Russia and China in the Field of Hydrouse of Joint Waterways". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 44 (2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.44.61.
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The Amur River basin covers the territory of four countries – Russia, China, North Korea and Mongolia. But, since North Korea and Mongolia account for a small part, the pressure from the activities of these countries on the water arteries of the Amur basin is insignificant. At the same time, Russia and China cover 98% (54% and 44%, respectively) of the basin area, and the activities of these two states have the greatest impact on the Amur and its tributaries. The article deals with the problems of the different approach of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in relation to the use of joint reservoirs, which are the border for the two countries – one of the longest in the world. The purpose of the material is to consider the evolution of the use of the Amur River basin by Russia and China, the emerging dangers for one of the largest rivers in the world (9th place), and the interaction of the two countries to reduce the detrimental impact of human activity in this territory. With the beginning of the process of development and industrialization of the Russian Far East (USSR) and the Northeast of China, pressure began on the ecological and hydrological spheres of these regions. This is especially true of the Chinese territory, where from the middle of the 20th century. the population of the population has grown significantly, exceeding 100 million people, and, accordingly, the process of industrialization of the region and the development of agriculture, including the cultivation of rice, which requires significant irrigation work, has significantly increased. The material touches upon the issues of the use of waterways for the extraction of biological resources, navigation, agriculture, bank protection works and the needs of industry, as well as the threat from emergencies at enterprises located in the basin of border rivers. In addition, the issue of preventing economic damage and protecting the ports of the Russian Primorye in the event of a change in the rules for using the Tumannaya (Tumangan) border river, which for the last 17 km before flowing into the Sea of Japan, separates the Russian Federation and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, thus excluding access to sea to Chinese ships from the port of Hunchun.
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Lv, Guanting, Guishan Cui, Xiaoyi Wang, Hangnan Yu, Xiao Huang, Weihong Zhu e Zhehao Lin. "Signatures of Wetland Impact: Spatial Distribution of Forest Aboveground Biomass in Tumen River Basin". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 15 (30 de julho de 2021): 3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153009.
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The Tumen River Basin, located in the cross-border region of China, North Korea, and Russia, constitutes an important ecological barrier in China. Forest here is mainly distributed around wetland, with the distribution of wetland having the potential to regulate regional forest carbon storage. However, the spatially explicit map of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and potential impact of drivers, i.e., wetland distribution and climate, is still lacking. We thus use a deep neural network and multi-source remote sensing data to quantify forest AGB in the Tumen River Basin. Our results show the mean forest AGB is 103.43 Mg ha−1, with divergent spatial variation along its distance to wetland. The results of correlation analysis showed that with sufficient soil moisture supply, temperature dominant spatial variation of forest aboveground biomass. Noted that using the space for time substitution, we find when wetland decreased by less than 11.1%, the forest AGB decreased by more than 8%. Our result highlight the signatures of wetland impact on its nearby forest carbon storage, and urge the wetland protection, especially under the warming and drying future.
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FIBIGER, MICHAEL, e VLADIMIR S. KONONENKO. "Revision of the Micronoctuidae species occurring in the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)". Zootaxa 1890, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2008): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1890.1.2.
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The family Micronoctuidae and the genus Micronoctua Fibiger, 1997 are reported from the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries for the first time. The family is represented in the region by two species in the genera Mimachrostia Sugi, 1982 and Micronoctua both occurring in Russian Far East, Korea, China and Japan. The northern distribution limit of the family Micronoctuidae is the middle of the Amur River (50°31΄N, 137°035΄E), reached by Mimachrostia fasciata Sugi, 1982. The new species, Micronoctua occi, sp. n. is described from Russian Far East, the Korean peninsula, China and the Tsushima Islands of Japan. The male and female genitalia are illustrated and compared with those of Micronoctua karsholti. Distribution maps for the two species are presented.
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Kim, Yeweon, e Ki-Hyung Yu. "Constructing a Database of Reference Hydrothermal Sources for a Zero-Energy Building Certification Rating in South Korea and Analyzing the Renewable Energy Self-Sufficiency Rate Achieved by Water-Source Heat Pumps". Energies 16, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2023): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010543.
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This study aims to institutionalize an evaluation methodology to assess water-source heat pumps (WSHPs) when designing a zero-energy building. Thus, regions where zero-energy buildings were designed were subdivided into 66 sub-regions, thereby standardizing the temperatures on the source side of WSHPs using river water and pipeline water. Based on these data, ground-source and water-source heat pump system-based simulation (new and renewable energy self-sufficiency rate compared to building energy consumption) values were derived for cases whose condition (region or heat source) was different among the buildings certified as zero-energy buildings. The application of the standard meteorological data and reference hydrothermal data to the ECO2 program and outcome evaluation led to the following findings: in all cases (reference: Seoul), ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) showed a higher self-sufficiency rate than WSHPs (ground source > pipeline water > river water). The self-sufficiency rate of GSHPs was 11–33% higher than that of WSHPs. In a regional comparison among the cold (Jeongseon), central (Seoul), and southern (Jeju Island) regions, WSHPs exhibited higher energy self-sufficiency rates than GSHPs under the conditions of higher water temperatures in winter and lower water temperatures in summer, as in the southern region.
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Kim, Darae, e Changmin Shin. "Algal Boom Characteristics of Yeongsan River Based on Weir and Estuary Dam Operating Conditions Using EFDC-NIER Model". Water 13, n.º 16 (21 de agosto de 2021): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162295.
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A number of hydraulic structures have been installed along the Yeongsan River, including an estuary dam and two weirs (Seungchon and Juksan). While these structures aid in regional water security and use and reduce flooding, they reduce water flow in the summer, thereby frequently causing algal blooms. This study simulated algal bloom and water quality characteristics of sections of the Yeongsan River in South Korea under different weir and estuary dam operating conditions using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code—National Institute of Environment Research (EFDC-NIER) model. Results showed that when the management levels of the Juksan Weir and estuary dam were maintained, simulated water levels were EL. 3.7 m in the weir section and EL. −1.2 m (below average water level of the Yellow Sea) in the dam section. When both the weir and dam were open, the water levels varied with the tide; in contrast, when the Juksan Weir alone was open, the water level was between EL. −1.2 and −0.9 m, in line with the management level of the estuary dam. Opening the weir alone reduced algal blooms by 72–84% in the weir region, and opening the estuary dam alone reduced the algal blooms by 83% in the dam region. This improvement was attributed to the reduced water retention time and dilution due to seawater inflows.
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Li, Bing, Zhifeng Liu, Ying Nan, Shengnan Li e Yanmin Yang. "Comparative Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensities in Chinese, Russian, and DPRK Regions across the Transnational Urban Agglomeration of the Tumen River in Northeast Asia". Sustainability 10, n.º 8 (27 de julho de 2018): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082637.
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Quantification of the spatial pattern of urban heat island intensities across the transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River is important for the promotion of sustainable regional development. This study employed Landsat images and MODIS LST data obtained in 2016 to determine the intensity of urban heat islands in this region, enabling direct comparison of data from the sub-regions of China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia. The average urban heat island intensity for the region was found to be 1.0 °C, with the highest intensity of 3.0 °C occurring during the summer time. The intensity of urban heat islands on the Chinese side was higher than on the other two sides, with city size, socio-economic development levels and vegetation coverage significantly affect their intensity. Urban heat island effects in Chinese cities in the region contribute increases in maximum summer temperatures and the number of high-temperature days that pose a threat to the health of their residents. The factors that influence urban heat island intensities in these cities and the impacts of urban heat island effects on the quality of life and health of residents are discussed. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the impact of urban heat island effects on cities in the region by increasing the area of green spaces they contain, as well as controlling their size and population.
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Li, Hailong, Puneet Pandey, Ying Li, Tianming Wang, Randeep Singh, Yuxi Peng, Hang Lee, Woo-Shin Lee, Weihong Zhu e Chang-Yong Choi. "Transboundary Cooperation in the Tumen River Basin Is the Key to Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population Recovery in the Korean Peninsula". Animals 14, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010059.
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The interconnected forest regions along the lower Tumen River, at the Sino-North Korean border, provide critical habitats and corridors for the critically endangered Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). In this region, there are two promising corridors for leopard movement between China and North Korea: the Jingxin–Dapanling (JD) and Mijiang (MJ) corridors. Past studies have confirmed the functionality of the JD corridor, but leopards’ utilization of the MJ corridor has not yet been established or confirmed. In this study, we assessed the functionality of the MJ corridor. The study area was monitored using camera traps between May 2019 and July 2021. We also analyzed 33 environmental and vegetation factors affecting leopard survival and analyzed leopard movement. In the Mijiang area, the Amur leopard was mainly active in the region adjacent to the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and did not venture into area near the North Korean border. The complex forest structure allowed leopards to move into the Mijiang area. However, the high intensity of human disturbance and manufactured physical barriers restricted further southward movement. Therefore, human-induced disturbances such as grazing, mining, farming, logging, and infrastructure development must be halted and reversed to make the Mijiang region a functional corridor for the Amur leopard to reach the North Korean forest. This necessitates inter-governmental and international cooperation and is essential for the long-term survival of the Amur leopard.
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Seungmi, Lee, e Maksim Stoyakin. "Funerary and Social Aspects of Koguryo Pottery". Archaeology and Ethnography 18, n.º 5 (2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-87-98.
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Purpose. Previous studies on Koguryo ceramics covered some general information on the archaeological objects found or specific related issues. Our research focuses on the ceramics found only in burials as we aimed at describing typological and technological features of the burial ceramics. The territorial and chronological comparative analysis of the vessels which has been conducted shows the features of each period and region in Koguryo and reveals the development of social background in this state. Results. The burial ceramics analyzed consists of 183 vessels which are divided into 22 types. According to the concentration of burials with ceramics, we identified 4 big areas along major river basins, which are administratively related to modern Liaoning and Jilin provinces of China, North and South Korea. Analysis of the spatial factor of burial ceramics shows that the largest variety of types was found in the Yalu River region, with the next Pyongyang area. This was due to the central location of these territories in Koguryo, which used to be the capital of the state for several centuries. By contrast, there are only few types and samples of funerary ceramics found in the Hun River and Imjin River basin. Most likely, it is due to the fact that they were provinces or suburbs with a political and economic system that was not considered safe yet. Our research shows territorial preferences in using certain types of burial pottery, which was classified according to its characteristics and features. Conclusion. Koguryo’s burial ceramics is divided into storage vessels and cooking vessels, and together they symbolically generalize the concept of “food.” We concluded that the concept of food in the Otherworld was important for the ancient Korean population. We also confirmed that after the 4th AD ceramic replicas of household items and glazed ceramics began to be buried in Koguryo tombs. It was closely related to the introduction of a new burial type in Koguryo.
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Seol, Hoonil, Dongjin Won, Jaewon Jang, Kwang Yeom Kim e Tae Sup Yun. "Ground Collapse in EPB shield TBM site: A case study of railway tunnels in the deltaic region near Nak-Dong River in Korea". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 120 (fevereiro de 2022): 104274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104274.
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Min-Boo, Lee, Kim Jeong-Hyuk e Choi Hun. "Development and Operation of Region-Focused Program by Field Survey of Physical Geography with the Case Study on Miho River Basin, Central Korea". JOURNAL OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF KOREA 21, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.16968/jkga.21.4.4.
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Ryu, Young-Hee, e Jong-Jin Baik. "Daytime Local Circulations and Their Interactions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, n.º 4 (abril de 2013): 784–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0157.1.
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AbstractDaytime local circulations and their interactions in the Seoul, South Korea, metropolitan area are investigated using a high-resolution mesoscale model. It is found that the urban-breeze circulation interacts strongly with other local circulations, such as sea-breeze, cross-valley, and river-breeze circulations. Inland penetration of the sea breeze is retarded in the morning when moving over the coastal urban area because of the increased surface roughness but is accelerated in the afternoon after passing through the urban area as a result of the landward-convergent flow induced by urban heat islands in the inland urban areas. In the valley region, the cross-valley circulation prevails in the morning and the urban-breeze circulation prevails in the afternoon. The mountainside urban-breeze circulation weakens because of the cross-valley circulation in the opposite direction. On the other hand, the plainside urban-breeze circulation away from the mountain increases in strength as a result of the combined effect of heating from the urban surface and subsidence heating associated with the cross-valley circulation. This strengthened urban breeze acts to inhibit penetration of the sea breeze farther inland, causing the sea breeze to stagnate in Seoul. In the vicinity of the Han River, convergence zones with strong updrafts are formed as a result of the interaction between the urban breeze and the river breeze. When the sea-breeze front encounters the strong updrafts, the vertical velocity of the front at the intersection points increases.
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Wu, Zhen, e Hyun-Chung Kim. "A Study on the Factors Influencing the Logistics Demand of Yangtze River Inland Ports". Korean Logistics Research Association 33, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2023): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17825/klr.2023.33.4.93.
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This study examines the level of logistics demand for 22 inland ports along the Yangtze River in China and analyzes the factors determining this demand. To achieve this, a fixed effects model was used to explore the relationships between each port’s logistics demand and various variables, including economic factors, infrastructure factors, and national policies. The analysis reveals that the highest logistics demand appears in the lower Yangtze region, particularly in the eastern coastal areas where the economy and port infrastructure are well developed. Additionally, China’s Belt and Road strategy was found to significantly influence the logistics demand of inland ports. This research can provide insights into the pattern of logistics demand for China’s inland ports, assisting in the formulation of effective port and logistics infrastructure strategies. While the Korean government and industrial stakeholders are focusing on China’s coastal areas, China’s inland areas are rapidly growing, and this growth is likely to be amplified through the Yangtze River’s inland ports. The findings of this study suggest a strategic imperative for South Korea and China to prioritize the establishment of maritime and logistics infrastructure in areas of heightened economic activity, a move projected to catalyze the creation of novel business opportunities. Furthermore, it can provide essential guidelines for the efficient design and operation of logistics networks and the establishment of sustainable logistics systems.
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Park, Jong Kyu, Ji Young Shin, Seungwon Shin e Yong-Hee Park. "Preferred Orientations of Magnetic Minerals Inferred from Magnetic Fabrics of Hantangang Quaternary Basalts". Minerals 13, n.º 8 (29 de julho de 2023): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13081011.
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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and paleomagnetic data from Quaternary basalt outcrops along the Hantangang River, Korea. A total of 554 samples were collected from 20 sites, representing three distinct units, Unit I, Unit II, and Unit III. Paleomagnetic data reveal a difference in the timing of eruptions between Units I and II, suggesting distinct periods by volcanic episodes. The mineral magnetic analysis identified titanomagnetite as the dominant magnetic carrier in the samples. AMS results indicated weak anisotropy and scattered AMS directions, indicating a low degree of preferred orientation of grains within the basalt rocks. The inverse AMS fabrics observed at specific sites are attributed to single-domain (SD) grains. Comparing the AMS data with the anisotropy of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (AARM) data, three distinct types of magnetic fabrics (normal, intermediate, and inverse) were discerned. The magnetic fabric was utilized to ascertain the flow direction based on the findings obtained from the AMS results. The findings suggest that the Quaternary basalts in this study’s area were primarily confined to the Hantangang River channel and its immediate vicinity during lava flow. However, distinct flow patterns are observed in the southwestern region, implying the presence of unknown volcanic sources.
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Bae, Hyunjoon. "The Emergence and Development of the Concept of Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture: an academic history from the liberation to the present". Paek-San Society 123 (31 de agosto de 2022): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.123.53.
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In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, there was an early iron culture called ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ from the western part of North Korea(north of the Cheongcheonggang River to the Liaodong area. This concept is a concept that has been widely used in Korean academia since it was first presented in North Korean academia.
As for the nature of ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’, in addition to representing the early iron culture, there are also various viewpoints that regard it as the people from China's Yan, Qin and Han, as drifting people of China and indigenous people, or as Gojoseon. Related to this, there have been various debates in Korean academia.
However, we have not paid much attention to the specific material culture of ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ and the background of this concept being presented., and we have used the concept of ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ according to their own views. Therefore, this article examined the background of the emergence of the concept of ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ and how it is developing in North and South Korean academia after its appearance.
As a result of the review, it seems that the problem of defining the person in charge of the ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ will not be easily concluded. In addition, it is also a problem that the concept of ‘Seijukri-Lianhuabao Culture’ can not fully reflect the turbulence and the material culture of the western part of North Korea and the Liaodong area at that time.
Therefore, it will be more helpful archaeologically to specifically clarify the cultural aspects of the region by period and region and study how it changes.
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Ki, S. J., Y. G. Lee, S. W. Kim, Y. J. Lee e J. H. Kim. "Spatial and temporal pollutant budget analyses toward the total maximum daily loads management for the Yeongsan watershed in Korea". Water Science and Technology 55, n.º 1-2 (1 de janeiro de 2007): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.039.
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This paper delivers two issues: water quality in the Yeongsan (YS) watershed which is one of the major watersheds in Korea and new watershed management plans with respect to the total maximum daily loads (TMDL) management. Field studies were conducted to estimate the pollutant loads according to the spatial and temporal distribution based on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration and the volumetric flow rate (VFR) data from YS watershed. The results of both spatial and temporal analyses show the main pollutant source was originated from the city of Gwangju and the pollutant load from the city to YS watershed was the most out of five cities during this study period. Concerning YS reservoir located downstream of YS watershed, it also shows the worst water quality in the entire watershed during the study period. These results collectively demonstrate that the city of Gwangju is a main region which generates numerous point and non-point pollutant sources and eventually the pollutants are accumulated in YS reservoir. Based on the results, we suggest two different management plans for YS watershed. One is the flow-control approach that is to increase the amount of dam discharge in order to guarantee the river management flow for the midstream region. The other is the mass-control approach that is to dredge the contaminated sediments in YS reservoir for removing pollutants chronically accumulated in the sediment. Simulations for the former and the latter provide the pollution mitigation rate in the watershed up to 6 and 8% for BOD5, respectively. The methodology proposed here for TMDL management can be applied to a wide range of watersheds in Korea.
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Wang, Zhaoqi, Hansaem Shin, Soontag Jung, Daseul Yeo, Hyunkyung Park, Sangah Shin, Dong Joo Seo, Ki Hwan Park e Changsun Choi. "Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea". Microorganisms 8, n.º 8 (11 de agosto de 2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081224.
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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne viruses in reservoirs (an important resource of irrigation water) and its correlation with environmental and weather factors. From May 2017 to November 2018, we visited ten reservoirs and a river in the Anseong region of South Korea and collected a total of 192 samples in accordance with the environment protection agency guidelines. We recorded the weather factors (temperature, humidity, and accumulated precipitation) and investigated the surrounding environment factors (livestock, fishing site, the catchment area of reservoirs, etc.). Our research results show that from the river and reservoirs, the detection rates of human norovirus GII, adenovirus, rotavirus, human norovirus GI, and astrovirus were 27.1, 10.4, 10.4, 4.16, and 3.1%, respectively. Their viral load ranged from −1.48 to 1.55 log10 genome copies/l. However, hepatitis A virus was not detected in any irrigation water sample. Although no sampling was performed in winter, foodborne viruses and male-specific coliphages were frequently found during spring (40.78%) and autumn (39.47%). Interestingly, the significant correlation between the accumulative precipitation and the number of detected norovirus and adenovirus was confirmed by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, when the accumulative precipitation ranged from 20 to 60 mm, it significantly affected the viral load and prevalence. Among the environmental factors, recreational facilities such as fishing sites and bungalow fishing spots were identified as contamination sources by correlation analysis. Our research results confirmed the correlations between environmental contamination factors in the reservoir and weather factors with the prevalence of foodborne viruses in the reservoir. These facilitates the assessment of potential foodborne virus contamination during crop irrigation. In addition, predictive models including environmental and weather factors should be developed for monitoring and controlling the safety of irrigation waters in reservoirs.
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Im, Hyo Jai. "Remembering Sarah M. Nelson: Her lifelong contribution to the Korean Neolithic Archaeology". KOREA NEOLITHIC RESEARCH SOCIETY 45 (30 de junho de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35186/jkns.2023.45.1.
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The news of the passing of Professor Sarah Nelson who had dedicated her life on investigating Korean Neolithic Culture was received on April 27th 2020.
As a person with a special friendship with her who have walked along the same path for the last 5 decades, her abrupt passing has placed me in a great sorrow. I offer my most sincere condolences on behalf of all members of the Korean Archaeological Society.
Our first encounter was made at the sandy fields of the prehistoric site at Amsa-dong. Back in 1970, a student working on her doctoral degree at University of Michigan was performing an 1-year on-site survey at the sandy beach near Han-River trying to collect data for her research on Neolithic Culture.
Right there, our first encounter was made. During those days I was also conducting survey near the sites in Han-River for 1 year funded by Ministry of Education. She seemed like she was also delighted by this unexpected encounter. We gladly agreed some of the collected data from survey to be jointly published. Since then daily survey and data analysis continued and the combined result was published in Journal of Korean Archaeological society under the title, ｢Implications of the Sizes of Comb-pattern Vessels in Han River Sites in Korea｣.
In 1973, after receiving her doctoral degree with her thesis ｢Chulmun Period Villages on the Han River in Korea, Subsistence and Settlement｣, she started her academic career as a tenure tarck faculty at University of Denver in the state of Colorado. Her published thesis drew attention in relation to whether the theory and methodology of L. Binford on New Archaeology can be applied in regions other than the United States. Back in those days many of archaeological interpretation relied on “diffusion” and those chronology focused research were recognized as main stream archaeology. In 1962, Binford emphasized the irrationalism of the previous researches in his paper ｢Archaeology as Anthropology｣ and released a new theory stating that understanding social aspect is also possible through the study of material culture. The research of professor Nelson on the basin of Han-River caught more attention, for it became the first research on Korean Peninsula to be performed within the framework of New Archaeology.
Even after that, professor Nelson published the total of 9 books and up to 150 articles on the archaeology of North-Eastern China and Neolithic Korea, establishing her fame as the leader of this field.
Of her publications, 『The Archaeology of Korea』 (1993)became the foundation for understanding Korean archaeology. In 『Gender in Archaeology: Analyzing Power and Prestige』 she exposed her thoughts on how the matriarchal society in Neolith age transformed into patriarchal society in modern days.
Back in 1996 at Honolulu, she witnessed an overwhelming moment of the separation of Korean Archaeology from being part of those of China and Japan. Back in 1980, only limited number of Korean Neolithic sites were excavated and none of them were found in Gangwon Province leaving the region as a chronological vacant. In this circumstance, when the news of the excavation at Osan-ri site by Seoul National University delivered to the United States, professor Nelson instantly appeared at site as if she was already their. As the team dug more into the sand dunes surrounded by lakes and sea, more they’d find the house pits left by the dwellers of Osan-ri. Near the hearth, various artifacts including net sinker, fish hook, stone saw, face figurine, were unearthed. With the initial application of water flotation in Korean Archaeology, number of plant remains including acorn and insects’ feces were found.
With her keen insight and sensitivity from studying theology back in university years, she wrote a novel titled 『Spirit Bird Journey』 based on the inspiration she received from the Osan-ri prehistoric site. With this book, we can “read” her thoughts on matriarchal Neolith society and gender in Archaeology.