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1
Luckenbill, Katie M. "Cavalry in Xenophon". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1432044265.
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Humble, Noreen Mary. "Xenophon's view of Sparta : a study of the Anabasis, Hellenica and Respublica lacedaemoniorum /". *McMaster only, 1997.
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Katsaros, Andrea Helen. "Literary perspectives on Pseudo-Xenophon's Athenaion Politeia". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk196.pdf.
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Gushue, Alison E. "A Comparison of Xenophon and Plato's Apologies". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/268.
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Wilms, Hartmut. "Techne und Paideia bei Xenophon und Isokrates /". Stuttgart : B. G. Teubner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376213972.
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Harman, Rosie. "Viewing Sparta, viewing Asia : vision and Greek identity in Xenophon". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/1969/.
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What happens when we look at others, and when others look at us? How does the experience of looking at or being seen by others shape our perceptions of ourselves? This thesis addresses these questions with reference to a specific historical and cultural moment; I examine scenes of vision and display in the Athenian writer Xenophon's representations of Spartans, Persians and other non-Greek peoples in Asia as a means of investigating the place of Sparta, Persia and the non-Greek in fourth century Athenian thought. Focusing in particular on the Anabasis, Cyropaedia, Lakedaimonion Politeia and Agesilaus, I analyse the representation of the responses of spectators to foreign sights in order to consider how these texts position their readers in relation to Spartans, Persians and others, and also, therefore, how they articulate and interrogate what it means to be Athenian, and what it means to be Greek. I will argue that sight is involved in the construction of Greek identity; that although some of the ways in which Greek identity is represented imply its cohesion, more often Xenophon's scenes of vision reveal the uncertainties and manipulations involved in attempting to imagine or lay claim to Greekness; and that Xenophon reveals the complexities of Panhellenist thought and of the intellectual and political climate of the fourth century. This thesis contributes towards a history of Greek identity and a history of visuality; it also seeks to reappraise Xenophon as a writer, revealing him as a valuable source for Greek conceptions of political power and conflict, and of ethnic, political and cultural selfconsciousness.
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Higginson, T. "Greek attitudes to Persian kingship down to the time of Xenophon". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384799.
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Tuplin, Christopher J. "The failings of empire : a reading of Xenophon "Hellenica" 2.3.11-7.5.27 /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35582522r.
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Tagliabue, Aldo Carlo Fernando. "Commentary on the first book of the Ephesiaca of Xenophon of Ephesus". Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43155.
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Tagliabue, Aldo. "Commentary on the first book of the "Ephesiaca" of Xenophon of Ephesus". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427452.
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Most of the previous studies of the novel of Xenophon of Ephesus have pointed out its apparent lack of literary quality and consistency, coming to the conclusion that the version we have is an epitome.
Conversely, my commentary offers a new interpretation of the "Ephesiaca" as a Bildungsroman, in which there is a progress from a physical conception of love to a more spiritual one, along with a systematic use of the two most important hypotexts of the genre: Homer's Odyssey and Plato's love dialogues.Le "Efesiache" di Senofonte Efesio sono da sempre state considerate dagli studiosi del mondo antico un testo privo di qualità letteraria e di una coerenza interna. Per questo motivo, dalla fine dell'Ottocento si è diffusa la teoria che il testo che abbiamo non sia l'originale, ma una tarda epitome dell'opera scritta da Senofonte. Il mio commento offre una nuova interpretazione dell'opera come un "Romanzo di formazione", in cui i protagonisti sono introdotti alla scoperta di Eros e delle sue dimensioni fisiche e soprattutto spirituali. Questa traiettoria viene costruita da Senofonte attraverso un costante e talvolta sorprendente uso dell'Odissea e dei dialoghi amore platonici: tale fatto conferma la letterarietà e l'originalità di questo testo.
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Wu, Yidi, e Yidi Wu. "Socrates' Daimonion". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625687.
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Socrates' daimonion [δαιμόνιον] is a very complicated issue. What the daimonion is and what roles it played in Socratic way of life are the two central and probably most difficult questions about this issue, since Plato and Xenophon provided different images of Socrates' daimonion. Still, this paper tries to list and analyze all Plato's and Xenophon's accounts concerning the daimonion in order to examine both similarities and differences between them and offer a comprehensive image of Socrates' daimonion that can answer the two central questions. In fact, these two questions are so important for Socrates' daimonion, because intrinsically they are in relation to the two charges Socrates faced: his impiety to the city-gods and his corruption of Athenian youths. No matter how distinct Plato’s description of daimonion is from Xenophon, they both attempted to defend their common teacher against the two charges. It is said that Socrates' daimonion caused the charge of his impiety, as Socrates only acknowledged his daimonion but not the city-gods that his contemporary Athenians believed in. Therefore, both Plato and Xenophon put much effort in arguing Socrates' daimonion proves his piety. Plato endeavored to demonstrate Socrates' daimonion belongs to the divine system of city-gods, while Xenophon in order to undermine the particularity of the daimonion, claimed it, other than name, has no difference from the divination that Athenians resort to. Furthermore, the accounts of Socrates' daimonion in the widely-accepted pseudo-Platonic dialogues Theages and Alcibiades I may offer a new reading of Socrates' daimonion. The daimonion seems to select those who have potential to philosophize as Socrates' interlocutors, but it cannot predict whether who will obtain benefit and when they will leave Socrates. Therefore, from a close reading of Theages and Alcibiades I, it can be shown that Alcibiades, the most notorious one of the youth whom Socrates was alleged to "corrupt", went on to his own destructive path rather than under the guidance of Socrates.
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Lu, Houliang. "Xenophon's theory of moral education". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9868.
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Xenophon the Athenian, who is well known as a historian and a witness of Socratic philosophy but is usually excluded from the list of classical writers on education, actually developed his own systematic thought on moral education from a social and mainly political perspective in his extant works. His discourse on moral education presents for us the view of an unusual historical figure, an innovative thinker as well as a man of action, a mercenary general and a world citizen in his age; and is therefore different from that of contemporary pure philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle. Furthermore, as a prolific author respected in both the classical world and the early modern era, Xenophon’s doctrine on moral education greatly influences the later development of European cultural history. This thesis explores the background and content of Xenophon’s thought on moral education, as well as its application in his other literary works, which are not directly on the same topic but are indirectly influenced by it. Part 1 discusses the background which produces Xenophon’s thought on moral education. As a historian of his own age, Xenophon’s negative view of the world he lived in is fully expressed in his Hellenica; and his idea of social education organised by a competent political leader serves as a proposal to transform the disordered Greek world in his time. As a follower of Socrates, Xenophon adopts his teacher’s approach of focusing on the study of moral issues and leadership; and the need to make apology for Socrates helps to shape many heroes in Xenophon’s works into extremely pious men and beneficial moral teachers. Part 2 analyses the content of Xenophon’s thought on moral education. This idea is systematically explained in his Cyropaedia and advocated in a rhetorical and persuasive manner in his Hiero. By modern ethical standards, Xenophon’s moral education is supported by dark art of government and cannot always be justified; but this dark side is tolerable in Xenophon’s view as long as it ultimately serves for good purpose. In his Poroi and Oeconomicus, Xenophon makes a further development of his thought by confirming that the art of accumulating and using wealth is also an indispensable skill for organisers of social education. Part 3 presents the application of Xenophon’s theory of moral education in his epoch-making literary composition. His Agesilaus, which serves as a prototype for later biographies, depicts a historical figure living and acting according to the ethical principles which Xenophon sets for ideal political leaders; while his Oeconomicus, which influenced Hellenistic and Roman agricultural works greatly, attempts to bring the experience of public education into the domestic sphere. The analysis of these themes confirms that Xenophon actually established a theory of moral education, which is social, highly political but also philosophical, in his extant corpus. On the one hand, Xenophon’s theory is less profound than that of Plato or Aristotle and is sometimes superficial and occasionally self-contradictory; on the other hand, the theory is original, innovative and influential in the history of classical literature, and therefore deserves our respect and serious treatment.
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Hobden, Fiona. "Representing the symposion : identity and performance in the 'Symposia' of Plato and Xenophon". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13817.
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This thesis contends that to uncover the 'real' symposion from its literary and artistic representations is a difficult task. Every representation of the symposion is informed by its author's wider textual ambitions. Its shape, the roles it plays, and the meanings it conveys are all determined by considerations other than providing an authentic snapshot of sympotic life. However, by acknowledging and investigating these authorial strategies, it might just be possible to catch a glimpse of the event they purport to represent, as this close reading of the Symposia of Plato and Xenophon aims to show. For, at the heart of Plato and Xenophon's ambitions lies an interest in the protocols and procedures of the symposion, even as these are shaped for philosophical ends. Chasing the symposion via this route will lead us into a world of philosophy and education, where the democratic city clashes with and is subsumed into processes of elite self-fashioning. The performances in Plato's idealised symposion are epideixeis which affirm (at the same time as they open up and explore) their performers' claims to be well-educated, symposion-gomg kaloi kagathoi. By contrast, the epideixeis of Xenophon's symposiasts take part in a discussion of kalokagaihia, and suggest how the symposion might (or might not) facilitate its learning. Both Plato and Xenophon are concerned with the symposion as a location for kalokagathia and with kalokagathia as a process. In its quest for the symposion, this thesis uncovers two distinct, but related, conceptions of the symposion and suggests some new ways of reading Plato and Xenophon's Symposia. For Plato, the symposion operates alongside the more traditionally 'philosophical' content of his dialogue. By contrast, Xenophon imposes his writerly agenda on top of his symposion, extolling the merits of his textual Symposium over the symposion.
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Doulamis, Konstantinos. "The rhetoric of Eros in Xenophon of Ephesus and Chariton : a stylistic and interpretive study". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269809.
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Pappas, Xenophon [Verfasser], e Angela [Akademischer Betreuer] Geissler. "Eine retrospektive Studie zur Therapiebewertung der Radiatio bei invasivem Mammakarzinom / Xenophon Pappas ; Betreuer: Angela Geissler". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1163320897/34.
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Hoag, Gary G. "The teachings on riches in 1 Timothy in light of Ephesiaca by Xenophon of Ephesus". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/bd009f3c-aef2-4918-9af0-e8480c6a0bdf.
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Scholars are divided on reading the teachings on riches in 1 Tim. Evidence that has been largely overlooked in NT scholarship, Ephesiaca by Xenophon of Ephesus, suggests that the topic be revisited. Ephesiaca is a story about a rich Ephesian couple. This text brings to life what is known from ancient sources about the social setting and cultural rules of the rich in Ephesus and adds derails to enhance our knowledge of life and society. Recent scholarship has dated Ephesiaca to the mid-first century CE. If the Acts narrative is reliable, this locates the story in broadly the same timeframe as the ministry of Paul in Ephesus. Interestingly. the story contains some of the same general themes and rare terms found in the teachings on riches in I Tim. My argument does not focus on locating specific dates for I Tim or Ephesiaca. but rather, my aim is to analyze these two texts alongside each other and extant ancient sources. My dissertation begins by introducing Ephesiaca and the socio-rhetorical methodology used to explore it alongside other evidence and I Tim. The methodology has five parts: social and cultural texture, inner texture, intertexture. ideological texture, and sacred texture. The first texture is helpful for locating a Sitz im Leben of the rich in Ephesus, the social and cultural context that preceded the texts of I Tim and Ephesiaca. The four remai ni ng textu res are employed to scrutinize five passages: I Tim 2:9- \ 0; 3:1- 13; 6: 1-13; 6:2b- IO; and 6: 17- 19. The findings of this study reveal a fresh perspective on these texts. The teachings on riches in 1 Tim appear to call followers of Jesus to handle riches in a counter-cultural manner that is consistent with the trajectory of other NT teachings when read in light of ancient sources and Ephesiaca by Xenophon of Ephesus.
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Kondo, Kazutaka. "Socrates' Understanding of his Trial: The Political Presentation of Philosophy". Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3926.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettThis dissertation investigates how Socrates understands his trial. It is a well-known fact that Socrates is accused of impiety and corruption of the young and is subsequently executed. Unlike an ordinary defendant who is supposed to make every effort to be acquitted, Socrates, behaving provocatively, seems even to induce the death penalty. By reading Plato's and Xenophon's works, this dissertation clarifies his thoughts on the trial that must be the basis of his conduct and explains how he achieves his aim. To deal with Socrates' view of the trial as a whole, this study examines three questions. First, does he believe in his own innocence? I argue that before and even at the trial, Socrates does not intend to prove his innocence effectively. He does not reveal his belief clearly, but at least it is clear that to be acquitted is not his primary purpose. Second, what does Socrates want to achieve at the trial? Socrates' primary purpose is to demonstrate his virtue in public. His speech that provocatively emphasizes his excellence as a benefactor of the city enables him to be convicted as a wise and noble man rather than as an impious corrupter of the young. Third, why does he refuse to escape from jail? I argue that by introducing the speech that defends the laws of the city, Socrates makes himself appear to be a supremely law-abiding citizen who is executed even when escape is possible. This study maintains that Socrates vindicates his philosophy before the ordinary people of Athens by making a strong impression of his moral excellence and utility to others. His presentation of philosophy makes it possible that being convicted and executed are compatible with appearing virtuous and being respected. Socrates promotes his posthumous reputation as a great philosopher, and thus secures the life of philosophy after his death by mitigating the popular hostility against him and philosophy as such. Socrates' understanding of his trial leads us to his idea of the nature of philosophy and the city, and of their ideal relationship. This dissertation is therefore an introduction to Socratic political philosophy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Lorch, Benjamin. "Moderation as a Political and Philosophical Virtue in Xenophon’s Memorabilia". Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1952.
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Thesis advisor: Christopher BruellThis study of Xenophon’s Memorabilia investigates the famous Socratic thesis that virtue is knowledge. Specifically, it is an attempt to understand the claim that anyone who knows what the right thing is to do, automatically chooses to do it. I concentrate on Socrates’ view of one particular virtue, namely moderation. This is both because moderation is the virtue that Xenophon’s Socrates most often identifies with knowledge, and because it is the virtue that Xenophon associates most closely with Socrates himself. The first part of the dissertation considers whether the thesis that virtue is knowledge is an accurate description of ordinary moral life. The first task is to articulate the ordinary moral outlook. I examine the presentation of this outlook in seven conversations about political ambition in Book Three of the Memorabilia. I conclude that according to Xenophon’s Socrates, the moral outlook is based on two beliefs. One belief concerns the content of the moral law. It is the belief that we are obligated to do good for others, and in the first place to be good citizens and serve our country. The second belief is that morality is good, and the greatest good, for the individual who obeys the moral law, regardless of the apparent sacrifices that it requires. This second belief seems to be the basis for the view that virtue is knowledge: obedience to the moral law is so good that anyone who knew this would automatically obey the law, and anyone who resists obeying it must be ignorant of how good it is. The moral outlook combines these two beliefs. It holds that that what is best for the political community is also best for the individual, or that the law that directs us to do good for others and the law that discloses to us what way of life is best for ourselves are the same law. This belief is so fundamental to the moral life that the question, whether what is good for the individual really coincides with what is good for the community, is not a legitimate question to raise, and it cannot be raised without departing somewhat from the ordinary moral attitude. On the other hand, once the fundamental assumption of moral life comes to light as a mere assumption, it is impossible to avoid investigating it, and to continue to assume that we know what virtue is. Accordingly, the second half of the dissertation attempts to clarify this question, by examining Xenophon’s presentation of the Socratic education in Book Four of the Memorabilia. I argue that this part of the Memorabilia does not assume that virtue is political virtue, and rather shows how Socrates investigated what virtue is without this prior assumption. The last part of the dissertation is a preliminary effort to follow Socrates’ investigation of this question
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Brennan, Shane Geoffrey. "Apologia in Xenophon's Anabasis". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3034.
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Xenophon of Athens probably did not write his Anabasis until thirty years or more after the events which it describes. This remarkable gap, taken together with the absence of a prologue, the presence of a number of prominent themes and authorial concerns, and the complex literary construction of the work, has made the task of explaining it problematic. Situating the text in the context of Xenophon's later life and wide-ranging literary output, in this dissertation I argue that apologia is the defining element in the work. Through his elaborate narrative structure and representation of his own character, Xenophon is defending himself, his social class, and his teacher, Socrates. In Books 5 and 7 (of 7) he is occupied with a rigorous defence of his conduct on the retreat, answering charges of deceiving the soldiers, hubris, corruption, and mercenary service, while in Books 3 through to 7, he is defending the memory of Socrates. For from the point of his introduction into the text at the opening of Book 3, following the decapitation of the Greek High Command at the Greater Zab River, Xenophon the character is acting as a pupil of Socrates would have done had he found himself in similarly dire circumstances. His actions, counsel, and moral bearing during the course of the retreat are a testimony to the value of his teacher's training, and powerfully undermine the charges of impiety and corrupting the youth levelled against Socrates in 399. At the same time, the outstanding leadership performance on the retreat of Xenophon's character reflects on himself as the historical figure behind the exemplar. By highlighting its different forms and bringing out its pervasiveness, the dissertation demonstrates that apologia is the major factor in the formation of the text.
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Huang, Juin-Lung. "Law, reconciliation and philosophy : Athenian democracy at the end of the fifth century B.C. /". St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/437.
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McCloskey, Benjamin Orion. "Xenophon’s Kyrou Amathia: Deceitful Narrative and The Birth of Tyranny". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354721463.
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Breunig, Oliver [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Lorenz, Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Rosch e Xenophon [Akademischer Betreuer] Zotos. "Thermodynamics of the Spin-Chain Compounds Cs2CoCl4 and Cu(C4H4N2)(NO3)2 / Oliver Breunig. Gutachter: Thomas Lorenz ; Achim Rosch ; Xenophon Zotos". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074998979/34.
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Hogan, Conor. "A Merely Comic Conclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Xenophon’s Spartan Constitution". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2162.
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In this paper, I hope to do a small part to bridge the gap that has emerged in this scholarly debate between the historicist and Straussian views of Spartan society. To that end, this paper will analyze the Spartan Constitution according to the Straussian method. That is, I will engage in a close reading of the text, only referencing outside, secondary sources directly when necessary and appropriate. In other cases, their views will simply color this analysis and be referenced as supporting evidence in footnotes. Strauss chose to have only a superficial interaction with the existing scholarship at the time of publishing his essay, and I therefore believe it will be more beneficial to see what this approach would look like from the historicist perspective. When the same approach is taken, the heart of both camps’ arguments will be exposed, allowing them to be more easily compared.
The paper will begin with a reading exploring the themes of Xenophon’s work according to a historicist perspective. After a brief aside explaining and motivating the Straussian esoteric argument to a greater extent, the paper will move on to a similar close-reading of the Spartan Constitution, following Strauss’ essay where appropriate and extending his arguments where necessary. Through this process, the paper aims to show that the perceived separation between the historicist and Straussian interpretations appears to be much greater than it, in reality, is.
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Palazzo, D. "L'AGESILAO DI SENOFONTE: FRA ENCOMIO E APOLOGIA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169908.
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The present dissertation provides a commentary to Xenophon's Agesilaus, focusing on the text's literary, rhetorical, narrative and stylistic aspects. Though said to be an encomium in the words of its author, the work is basically an attempt to defend the Spartan king from the accusation of having caused the crisis and ultimate downfall of the Spartan egemony. In order to outline the apologetic strategies, by which Xenophon twists the historical truth about Agesilaus and his policies as a king and general, the text is compared with the narratives offered by Xenophon's Hellenica, especially in the “deeds” section of the encomium, whereas in the part regarding Agesilaus' virtues comparisons are made with Xenophon's works about Socrates and Cyrus the Great, as the Spartan king's portrait seems to be drawn from a Socratic perspective.
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Pinard, Giorgia. "La perception de Socrate dans les études philosophiques en france et en italie de 1900 à 1950". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040160.
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Ce projet, sous le contrôle et la responsabilité de M. le Pr. Carlos Lévy, Professeur de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, et de M. le Pr. Emidio Spinelli, professeur à l’Université de Rome La Sapienza, se propose comme objectif un travail approfondi, critique et comparatif des études de philosophie ancienne ayant Socrate comme sujet, en France et en Italie, entre 1900 et 1950. Il ne s'agit pas de poursuivre une coincidentia oppositorum, mais d'analyser une polarité dialogique en mouvement perpétuel et une altérité qui s’enrichit de la prise de conscience des différences spécifiques. Quatre leitmotive guident l'analyse des onze représentations socratiques: La Politique, introduite par un paragraphe sur Socrate et la ville d'Athènes et suivie par les interprétations de Léon Robin et George Bastide; l'Ethique, qui concerne la valeur morale du message de Socrate, développé par Antonio anfi, Jean Patocka et Piero Martinetti; la Religion, sur le problème de son « évangile avant la lettre », traité par Jean André Festugière, Michele Federico Sciacca, Ernesto Buonaiuti et Carlo Mazzantini; et le Dialegesthai, car sa façon de dialoguer devient fondamental dans les interprétations de Guido Calogero et Giuseppe RensiUnder the direction of Professor Carlos Lévy (Sorbonne University) and Professor Emidio Spinelli (Rome University) this dissertation provides a critical comparative study of ancient philosophy. It focuses on the perception of Socrates’s work in France and Italy between 1900 and 1950. Rather than limiting the analysis to the unity of opposites, the goal consists of exploring the perpetual, dynamic polarity inherent in the dialogue. Moreover, this study aims at emphasizing the contrast that is fueled by a growing awareness of the underlying differences. Four leitmotive guide the work of eleven Socratic representations: First, La Politique, which is introduced by a paragraph on Socrate et la ville d’Athenes and followed by the works of Léon Robin and George Bastide. Second, Etique, which focuses on the moral value of Socrates’ discourse and which is developed by Antionio Banfi, Jean Patocka and Piero Martinetti. Third, Religion, which deals with the issue of his “gospel before the written word,” discussed by Jean André Festugière, Michele Federico Sciacca, Ernesto Buonaiuti etCarlo Mazzantini. And last, Dialegesthai, because its way of communicating becomes fundamental in the works of Guido Calogero and Giuseppe Rensi
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Cerdas, Emerson. "A Ciropedia de Xenofonte : um romance de formação na Antiguidade /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91515.
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Orientador: Maria Celeste Consolin DezottiBanca: Cláudio Aquati
Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi
Resumo: A Ciropedia de Xenofonte, escrita no século IV a.C., é uma obra de caráter híbrido, em que a ficção e a história se mesclam com muita liberdade. Em virtude disto, tem-se discutido qual seria a melhor classificação de gênero para a obra: romance biográfico, obra historiográfica, romance histórico. A presente dissertação investiga em que medida a Ciropedia de Xenofonte apresenta elementos narrativos que nos permitam reconhecer nela aspectos do gênero do romance, mais especificamente do "romance de formação" (Bildungsroman), gênero cujo paradigma se encontra na obra de Goethe, Os Anos de Aprendizagem de Wilhelm Meister (1795-1796). Primeiramente, procuramos definir em que medida nós podemos ler a Ciropedia como uma obra de ficção, e não como uma obra historiográfica, a partir de reflexões a respeito das relações entre Literatura e História, e, principalmente, por meio de uma análise comparativa entre a narrativa da Ciropedia com a narrativa das Histórias de Heródoto. Percebe-se que Xenofonte ficcionaliza a narrativa estabelecida por Heródoto, seja retomando temas, seja fazendo alusões à narrativa herodoteana. Em seguida, partindo-se da noção bakhtiniana de que todo gênero conserva, em sua estrutura, elementos formais da archaica, que não só caracterizam o gênero de forma distintiva, mas também permitem a sua renovação a cada nova manifestação literária, procuramos definir quais elementos essenciais presentes no Romance de Formação moderno encontramos na Ciropedia. Analisamos cenas em que são evidentes a partipação de mentores, a presença de uma instituição pedagógica, a visão teleológica da educação. Além disso, uma das características essenciais do "Romance de Formação" é a presença de uma personagem dinâmica e evolutiva, que se forma e educa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Xenophon's Cyropaedia, written in the fourth century B.C., it is a work of hybrid character, in which fiction and history mingle with a lot of freedom. Because of this, it has been discussed what would be the best genre classification for the work: biographical novel, work of historiography, historical novel. This dissertation investigates the extent to which Cyropaedia Xenophon's narrative has elements that allow us to recognize aspects of her romance genre, specifically the "Novel of Education" (Bildungsroman), genre whose paradigm is in the work Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795-1796). First, we looked to define to what extent we can read the Cyropaedia as a work of fiction, and not as a work of historiography, from reflections on the relationship between Literature and History, and mainly through a comparative analysis between the narrative of Cyropaedia and the narrative of Herodotus' Histories. We realize that Xenophon fictionalizes the narrative established by Herodotus, whether taking up subjects, or alluding to the Herodotus' narratives. Then, starting from the Bakhtin's notion that every genre preserves, in the structure, formal elements of archaica, that not only characterize the genre in the form distinctive, but also allows its renewal every new literary manifestation, we tried to define which essential elements present in modern novel of education we can find in Cyropaedia. We analyze scenes where are evident the action of mentors, the presence of an educational institution, the theological view of education. Moreover, an important characteristic essential of the "Novel of Education" is the presence of a dynamic and evolutionary character, that get formation in the course of the narrative. We analyzed the construction and evolution of the main character of the narrative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Cerdas, Emerson [UNESP]. "A Ciropedia de Xenofonte: um romance de formação na Antiguidade". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91515.
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A Ciropedia de Xenofonte, escrita no século IV a.C., é uma obra de caráter híbrido, em que a ficção e a história se mesclam com muita liberdade. Em virtude disto, tem-se discutido qual seria a melhor classificação de gênero para a obra: romance biográfico, obra historiográfica, romance histórico. A presente dissertação investiga em que medida a Ciropedia de Xenofonte apresenta elementos narrativos que nos permitam reconhecer nela aspectos do gênero do romance, mais especificamente do “romance de formação” (Bildungsroman), gênero cujo paradigma se encontra na obra de Goethe, Os Anos de Aprendizagem de Wilhelm Meister (1795-1796). Primeiramente, procuramos definir em que medida nós podemos ler a Ciropedia como uma obra de ficção, e não como uma obra historiográfica, a partir de reflexões a respeito das relações entre Literatura e História, e, principalmente, por meio de uma análise comparativa entre a narrativa da Ciropedia com a narrativa das Histórias de Heródoto. Percebe-se que Xenofonte ficcionaliza a narrativa estabelecida por Heródoto, seja retomando temas, seja fazendo alusões à narrativa herodoteana. Em seguida, partindo-se da noção bakhtiniana de que todo gênero conserva, em sua estrutura, elementos formais da archaica, que não só caracterizam o gênero de forma distintiva, mas também permitem a sua renovação a cada nova manifestação literária, procuramos definir quais elementos essenciais presentes no Romance de Formação moderno encontramos na Ciropedia. Analisamos cenas em que são evidentes a partipação de mentores, a presença de uma instituição pedagógica, a visão teleológica da educação. Além disso, uma das características essenciais do “Romance de Formação” é a presença de uma personagem dinâmica e evolutiva, que se forma e educa...
The Xenophon’s Cyropaedia, written in the fourth century B.C., it is a work of hybrid character, in which fiction and history mingle with a lot of freedom. Because of this, it has been discussed what would be the best genre classification for the work: biographical novel, work of historiography, historical novel. This dissertation investigates the extent to which Cyropaedia Xenophon's narrative has elements that allow us to recognize aspects of her romance genre, specifically the “Novel of Education” (Bildungsroman), genre whose paradigm is in the work Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795-1796). First, we looked to define to what extent we can read the Cyropaedia as a work of fiction, and not as a work of historiography, from reflections on the relationship between Literature and History, and mainly through a comparative analysis between the narrative of Cyropaedia and the narrative of Herodotus’ Histories. We realize that Xenophon fictionalizes the narrative established by Herodotus, whether taking up subjects, or alluding to the Herodotus' narratives. Then, starting from the Bakhtin's notion that every genre preserves, in the structure, formal elements of archaica, that not only characterize the genre in the form distinctive, but also allows its renewal every new literary manifestation, we tried to define which essential elements present in modern novel of education we can find in Cyropaedia. We analyze scenes where are evident the action of mentors, the presence of an educational institution, the theological view of education. Moreover, an important characteristic essential of the “Novel of Education” is the presence of a dynamic and evolutionary character, that get formation in the course of the narrative. We analyzed the construction and evolution of the main character of the narrative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Leonetti, Flavio Luis Mestriner. "O princípio da integridade como o princípio de potência na figura de Sócrates, segundo a obra de Xenofonte". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-19122013-110148/.
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A partir do referencial paradigmático e exemplar da figura e disciplina (eu zen) de Sócrates na obra de Xenofonte, desenvolvem-se a análise, a reflexão sobre o princípio reintegrador perante a inexorabilidade, o desconhecimento e a incerteza do real, com vistas à reconciliação proporcional, ao desenvolvimento satisfatório da integridade razoável, para que o homem possa adquirir não somente a compreensão filosófica, mas também condições de resistência, de flexibilidade estratégica - enfim, a capacidade suficiente de transformação e relacionamento com os problemas fundamentais da existência.From the paradigmatic reference and example of socratic discipline (eu zen) in the Xenophons works, the reflections about the re-integrating principle facing the inexhaustible, uncertain and unknown reality can be developed, searching the proportional reconciliation, the satisfactory and reasonable integrity for the human being to acquire not only the philosophical understanding, but also the conditions of resistence, of strategic flexibility the sufficient capacity to deal with and transform the fundamental problems of existence.
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Gilfillan, Upton Bridget. "'For they were afraid....' : towards an aural hermeneutic for ancient popular texts; Speech Act readings of the endings of Xenophon of Ephesus; an Ephesian tale and the Gospel of Mark". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313896.
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Lima, Alessandra Carbonero. "Xenofonte e a paideia do governante". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-26112012-112556/.
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Nossa investigação explora a possibilidade de o tema da paideia ser um eixo comum em torno do qual se articulam os textos de Xenofonte de Atenas, autor do século IV a.C. Julgamos que essa perspectiva se justifica em razão da importância que esse autor atribui à construção de retratos de homens paradigmáticos. Ilustramos esse procedimento com a análise do retrato que o próprio Xenofonte constrói para si, na Anabase. É sobretudo a partir da análise desses retratos que podemos ver, em Xenofonte, a discussão do tema da paideia. Os estudos que aqui empreendemos concentram-se no tema da paideia do governante. Nesse horizonte, oferecemos uma possível leitura para o retrato daquele que o autor considera a contrafacção do governante ideal, o tirano Hierão, de diálogo homônimo. Por fim, ocupamo-nos dos elementos que compõem o retrato xenofôntico do governante paradigmático, Ciro, o velho, da Ciropédia.Our research explores the possibility of the theme of paideia as a common axis around which are articulated the texts of Xenophon of Athens, author of the fourth century BC. We believe that this perspective is justified because of the importance this author gives to the construction of portraits of paradigmatic men. We illustrate this procedure with the analysis of the portrait which Xenophon builds for himself in the Anabasis. It is mainly based on the analysis of such portraits that we can see, in Xenophon, the discussion on the theme of paideia. The studies undertaken here focus on the theme of the ruler\'s paideia. In this horizon, we offer a possible reading for the portrait of the man the author considers the counterfeiting of the ideal ruler, the tyrant Hiero, in the corresponding dialogue. Finally we deal with the elements that make up the portrait of Xenophons paradigmatic ruler, Cyrus the Great, of the Cyropaedia.
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Silva, Cleyton Tavares da Silveira. "Da Pena ? Espada: Xenofonte e a Representa??o de Esparta em A Constitui??o dos Lacedem?nios". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16963.
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We intend to analyze how, through your own views and social practices, Xenophon composed the image of Spartans and their poliad regime during the period following the end of the 5th century to the early 4th century before BCE a time of great political turbulence in the Hellenic Poleis. In order to do so, we will use the writings in The Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, to point three elements that we believe are essential understanding of the Xenophon?s narrative: who was Xenophon and in which ways his life experiences influenced his narrative style; the idea of City, i.e., Xenophon?s idea of the Polis and how he defined it as a community of Citizens; and finally, to establish through which tools Xenophon build an image of Sparta and Spartans by way of their representations in his writings
Pretende-se analisar como Xenofonte, atrav?s de suas pr?prias vis?es e pr?ticas sociais, constr?i a imagem dos espartanos e seu regime Pol?ade, durante o intervalo cronol?gico que se segue do final do s?culo V ao in?cio do s?culo IV antes da era crist?, per?odo de grande turbul?ncia pol?tica nas P?leis hel?nicas. Para tanto, lan?aremos m?o dos escritos em A Constitui??o dos Lacedem?nios, a fim de apontar tr?s elementos que entendemos essenciais para a compreens?o da narrativa de Xenofonte: quem fora Xenofonte e de que maneira seu estilo narrativo ? influenciado por suas viv?ncias e experi?ncias; a id?ia de Cidade, o que ? a P?lis para Xenofonte e como ele a define enquanto comunidade de Cidad?os; e por fim, estabelecer atrav?s de que ferramentas Xenofonte constr?i uma imagem de Esparta e Espartanos nas representa??es destas personagens em seus escritos
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Porceddu, Maria Lavinia. "L'Athenaion Politeia pseudosenofontea e il suo tempo: studio di contestualizzazione". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/326795.
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La Costituzione degli Ateniesi, tramandataci dalla tradizione tra le opere di Senofonte, ha suscitato nel corso del tempo un considerevole interesse tra gli studiosi del mondo greco. All’opera, a partire dal XIX secolo, sono state dedicate analisi di natura filologica, linguistica e storica, e, in tempi più recenti, un elevato numero di commenti. Oggetto della riflessione dell’Autore – dichiaratamente ostile al regime politico in vigore ad Atene – sono i meccanismi costitutivi e funzionali della democrazia. L’opera propone una riflessione economico-politica di notevole rilievo teorico il cui intento, esplicitato fin dall’incipit, è di mostrare come il tipo di politeia scelto ad Atene – in cui è il demos a detenere il κράτος e, per questo, ad ἄμεινον πράττειν –, per quanto disprezzabile, funziona con successo. Il breve pamphlet costituisce per noi, dunque, una testimonianza fondamentale sul concreto funzionamento del sistema politico ateniese, sull’intelaiatura ideologica che lo sosteneva, nonché sulla resistenza teorica elaborata e propugnata dai sostenitori del pensiero antidemocratico. Tuttavia, la piena comprensione di tale fondamentale testimonianza risulta subordinata alla risoluzione delle questioni nodali dell’opera - quali cronologia, paternità, natura, destinazione, e finalità dello scritto – che, lungi dall’aver raggiunto un chiarimento definitivo, sono ancora oggi ampiamente dibattute. Il presente studio, pertanto, si è proposto di indagare, nella produzione letteraria superstite, quelle opere strettamente connesse alla sfera politica che, per pertinenza e rilevanza, mostrassero una certa affinità tematica con il pamphlet, rimandando verisimilmente a soggetti e motivi di riflessione comuni. Tra la vasta produzione letteraria politica del V secolo la presente ricerca si è incentrata in particolare sulla storiografia tucididea, quale testimone imprescindibile della situazione poleica della seconda metà del secolo, e la produzione teatrale, comica e tragica, che, riproducendo dibattiti culturali, attriti sociali e civili contemporanei, traduce in scena il linguaggio della polis. Il metodo analitico impiegato ha tentato di coniugare la ricerca tematica e l’indagine linguistica: la ricognizione di tipo contenutistico è stata affiancata da un’analisi del materiale linguistico, con l’intento di valutare la pregnanza di elementi tematici o tratti linguistici comuni nella loro dimensione comunicativa e sociale. Se, infatti, l’accostamento analogico sulla base della comunanza dei motivi proposti dai diversi testi permette di ricomporre il complesso di circostanze e avvenimenti in cui l’interesse per un dato tema si è sviluppato, le osservazioni linguistiche (e semantiche più in particolare) forniscono informazioni importanti circa il sistema culturale e ideologico delle nostre fonti. Dopo una prima definizione della problematica cronologica e d’attribuzione dell’opera, il presente lavoro, dunque, esamina il linguaggio politico impiegato nell’Athenaion Politeia, tramite un confronto, anche lessicale, con le opere che riflettono maggiormente l’opposta ideologia democratico-periclea, tra cui l’epitafio pericleo riportato da Thuc. II 35-46 e la prima produzione euripidea. Segue un raffronto puntuale tra il testo del pamphlet e i discorsi periclei riportati nei primi due libri dell’opera tucididea. L’indagine su uno dei temi portanti del libello, ovvero la politica imperiale esercitata dal regime democratico e le relazioni con gli alleati è stata effettuata tramite il confronto con le commedie aristofanee degli anni Venti del V secolo, in particolare Cavalieri e Vespe. Puntuali consonanze tematiche sono state riscontrate, inoltre, nella produzione comica frammentaria (di Aristofane, Teleclide, Ermippo, Eupoli), cui è dedicata una specifica sezione del lavoro. Lo studio di contestualizzazione ha dunque permesso di fissare le differenti opere prese in esame, e l’Athenaion Politeia in primis, in una rete di rapporti e condizionamenti, la cui valutazione risulta imprescindibile per una lettura circostanziata della letteratura politica ateniese.
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Huang, Juin-lung. "Law, reconciliation and philosophy : Athenian democracy at the end of the fifth century B.C". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/437.
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The purpose of this thesis is to defend Athenian democracy against a long-established suspicion that the Athenian government, with its radical form of popular participation, was not only incompetent but also dangerous. There are two serious misunderstandings in this traditional view; one is the myth of the decline of Athens after the death of Pericles, the other being the outright denial of Athenian democracy by its philosophers, Xenophon and Plato. These two common presumptions about Athenian history and philosophy are therefore examined. The historical examination focuses on three important events: the law reform, the reconciliation and the trial of Socrates. All of them were conducted by Athenian democracy at the end of the fifth century B.C., a period of time that is often cited for the failure of democracy. However, it is found that the democracy demonstrated its excellent ability to manage political conflicts through the laws and the reconciliation. As to the infamous trial of Socrates, there were reasons for the popular suspicion of the Philosopher’s way of life. Following what we have learnt in the historical survey, we search for responses to the three events in the works of Xenophon and Plato. There are passages, though often dismissed by scholars, which indicate remarkable recognition of the democratic achievements in domestic politics. As regards the trial of Socrates, there are also signs of second thoughts in their works that reveal understandings of the democracy’s condemnation of philosophy. The works of Socrates’ pupils show mixed evaluation rather than outright denial of Athenian democracy. The traditional suspicion of Athenian democracy is therefore problematic due to its misconception of Athenian history and philosophy.
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Niese, Derrick A. "PELTASTS AND JAVELINEERS IN CLASSICAL GREEK WARFARE: ROLES, TACTICS, AND FIGHTING METHODS". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1334275977.
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Sears, David C. "Xenophon's Anabasis lessons in leadership". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FSears.pdf.
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Zitar, Brandon P. "Political Stability in Xenophon's "Cyropaedia"". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752356/.
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While there have been several rich studies that have provided insight into the teachings of Xenophon that emerge from a careful reading of the Cyropaedia, the problem of reconciling the apparent good rule of Cyrus with the ruin of his empire persists. I argue that this problem can be reconciled by focusing on the problem that Xenophon initially informs us he is interested in, political stability.
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Finocchio, Erika. "Xénophon et Athènes". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100182.
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Cette étude a pour but d’analyser l’attitude de Xénophon vis-à-vis d’Athènes et de la démocratie. En retraçant les événements de l’histoire athénienne comme ils sont relatés dans les Helléniques et comme l’auteur les a vécus, le travail vise à démontrer : - que Xénophon ne condamne pas la démocratie comme une forme politique injuste, bien qu’il n’approuve pas ses choix politiques au cours du Ve siècle ; - que, grâce à la leçon tirée de l’expérience de l’échec subi au Ve siècle, Athènes est la seule cité capable, aux yeux de l’auteur, de résoudre le conflit entre Grecs et d’apporter la paix en Grèce au IVe siècle ; - que Xénophon essaie d’améliorer la démocratie sans apporter de réformes structurelles, mais à travers une réforme des mentalités politiques selon le modèle socratiqueThe following study aims to analyse Xenophon’s attitude to Athens and democracy. By recounting the events of Athenian history as they are related in Hellenica and as the author experienced them, the work aims to demonstrate: - that Xenophon does not condemn democracy as an unfair form of politics, even though he does not agree with the political decisions made by Athens during the 5th century B.C. - that, due to the lessons it learnt from its defeat in the 5th century B.C., Athens is the only city capable, in the eyes of the author, of resolving the conflict between Greeks and bringing peace to Greece in the 4th century B.C. - that Xenophon would like to improve democracy, not through structural reforms but through a reform of political thinking based on the Socratic model
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Wong, Benjamin K. S. "Justice and friendship in Xenophon's Memorabilia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28084.pdf.
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Due, Bodil. "The Cyropaedia : Xenophon's aims and methods /". Aarhus : Danemark : Aarhus university press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354585990.
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Erlinger, Christopher Michael. "How the Eunuch Works:Eunuchs as a Narrative Device in Greek and Roman Literature". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1465737368.
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Maxson, Brian. "Kings and Tyrants: Leonardo Bruni's translation of Xenophon's "Hiero"". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6179.
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Leonardo Bruni published one of his most widely copied translations, Xenophon's pro-monarchical Hiero, shortly before he penned his more famous original works, his Dialogues and Panegyric to the City of Florence. Scholars have traditionally focused on the political ideas present in these original treatises; yet, despite the centrality of political ideas to the Hiero, its temporal proximity to these works, and its enormous popularity (the work exists in 200 fifteenth-century manuscripts), scholars have neglected to offer a full assessment of Bruni's translation in the context of these works. Bruni's translation of Xenophon's Hiero fit into a debate in early fifteenth-century Florence about Julius Caesar and the Florentine poet Dante. The two major thinkers in the debate, Bruni and Coluccio Salutati, agreed that a distinction had to be made between kings and tyrants based on legal claim and quality of rule. The Hiero reinforced this assumption. The two men disagreed, however, about which category applied to Julius Caesar and what this meant for the reputation of Dante.
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Magnoli, Bocchi Giovanni Battista. "Politica e storia nella "Retorica" di Aristotele : per un commento ad exempla historica". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1860.
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Le projet avait pour objectif d'étudier les contenus historiques des trois volumes de la Rhétorique d'Aristote. Comme il été souligné à juste titre à plusieurs reprises, le rapport entre le Stagirite et l'histoire est un domaine de recherche absolument profitable et qui a bénéficié d'une attention particulière de la part des historiens au cours des dix dernière années. Nous ne parlons pas de ce que dit Aristote directement de l'histoire, à partir du célèbre passage de la "Poétique", mais de l'usage qu'il fait, à des fins argumentatives, de plusieurs épisodes historiquement pertinents. Si, de fait, un jugement négatif vis-à-vis de l'Aristote «historique», issu des d'études de Wilamowitz, a largement influencé l'historiographie du XXe siècle, depuis quelques années, un travail ponctuel se poursuit pour redécouvrir le contenu historiquement intéressant de l'oeuvre du Stagirite. En effet, le philosophe se réfère souvent à des oeuvres perdues ou à la tradition directe, non seulement dans le cadre des disciples qui animaient l'Académie, établi par des Grecs aux origines le plus diverses, mais aussi dans celui de la culture athénienne au sens large. La rhétorique est de fait intrinsèquement liée à l'histoire politique de la cité, à ses lois, à ses constitutions et à la nécessité de persuader, véritable but de la "Rhétorique" aristotélicienne, qui se nourrit de tout cela. Ce corpus de données est donc un objet digne d'une grande attention, visant à le mettre «en sécurité» et à en dégager de façon pertinente le contenu «à travers» l'oeuvre d'Aristote. Avec des résultat très importants du point de vue historiographiqueThe project aimed to study the historical contents of the three volumes of Aristotle's Rhetoric. As has been rightly pointed out on several occasions, the relationship between Stagirite and history is an absolutely profitable field of research that has received special attention from historians over the past ten years. We do not speak of what Aristotle says directly from history, from the famous passage of Poetics,, but of the use he makes, for argumentative purposes, of several historically relevant episodes. If, in fact, a negative judgment with respect to the "historical" Aristotle, resulting from studies of Wilamowitz, largely influenced the historiography of the twentieth century, in recent years, a punctual work continues to rediscover the historically interesting content of the work of Stagirite. Indeed, the philosopher often refers to lost works or direct tradition, not only in the context of the disciples who animated the Academy, established by Greeks with the most diverse origins, but also in that of the Athenian culture at wider. Rhetoric is in fact intrinsically linked to the political history of the city, its laws, its constitutions and the need to persuade, the true goal of Aristotelian rhetoric, which feeds on all this. This corpus of data is therefore an object worthy of great attention, aiming at putting it "safe" and at releasing relevant content "through" the work of Aristotle. With very important results from the historiographical point of view
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Powell, Janet. "Xenophon's Poroi : risk, rationality and enterprise in fourth-century Attica". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2015. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/137/.
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This thesis is a reassessment of Xenophon’s strategies in the Poroi in the light of recent scholarly studies of the Athenian mining industry, trade, honours and the scholarly debate around the ancient capacity for economically rational decision-making. It argues that Xenophon wrote for a wider audience than the Athenian citizenry alone, and that an interpretation of the Poroi as proposing a beneficent regime in which slaves would live semi-autonomous lives cannot be sustained. Primarily it focuses on three specific strands. Using archaeological, epigraphic and literary evidence, it argues that judgements of Xenophon’s proposals as naïve underestimate the extent to which the heavy supply demands of the Laurion region reached into the lives of many Athenians from the elite to the artisan, and will have informed their reception of his plans with a financial literacy that obviated the need for detail. Using modern analyses of economic risk it explores the extent to which Xenophon acknowledged economic, physical and socially-constructed risks, demonstrating that despite their lack of detailed record-keeping, far from being unsophisticated in their judgement of the economic security of their commercial undertakings, Athenians had a developed recognition of risk and employed a variety of expedients to mitigate it. Finally, Xenophon’s proposals to use honours to encourage commercial activity are discussed in the light of scholarly judgements that such awards would be subversive, or reflected mid-century decline. A detailed analysis of honours offered both before and after Xenophon wrote shows that his proposals exploited a robust institution that had always adapted to reflect changing circumstances and that he set careful boundaries both to the number and the social background of potential recipients. In an early work of political economy which attempted to manipulate individual commercial activity in order to manage inter-state relationships, Xenophon’s ideas were innovative but sat within the Athenian democratic tradition.
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Privitera, Ludivine. "Le fait religieux dans les romans grecs : Un aperçu du paganisme à l’époque impériale ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040193.
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Cette étude s’attache à l’observation et l’analyse du fait religieux dans les romans grecs. Les romans de Chariton, Xénophon d’Éphèse, Longus, Achille Tatius et Héliodore forment un corpus étonnamment cohérent, au vu de la distance temporelle qui les sépare. Ils se refusent pourtant à toute tentative de généralisation en matière religieuse. Prenant le contre-pied des études symbolistes, ce travail présente un relevé exhaustif de la religion observable dans les romans. Sont ainsi étudiés les lieux de culte et leur personnel, ansi que les actes rituels effectués par les personnages. La mise en rapport des cultes romanesques avec l'archéologie et les conceptions religieuses des époques classique et impériale se révèle un moyen de prendre la mesure d’une reconstruction romanesque de la réalité, passée ou contemporaine. Le rapport de valeur établi dans les romans entre sacrifice et prière ainsi qu’entre cultes collectif et personnel permet d'apercevoir certains aspects de la religion propres à l'époque impériale. Mis en relation avec l'usage rhétorique et romanesque du fait religieux, il permet également de définir le projet de chacun des romanciers, en matière religieuse et politique, mais aussi esthétiqueThis thesis concentrates on the observation and analysis of places, people and acts of religion in Greek fiction. Charito, Xenophon Ephesius, Longus, Achilles Tatius and Heliodorus have produced suprisingly similar novels given that they were written at quite different times, although they still resist every attempt at religious generalisation. Traditionnal studies on the subject are symbolistic, on the contrary, here we will analyse the concrete aspects of religion, as they actually appear in these novels. So we will study the sacred places, the priests, and the rituals performed out by the novel's characters. The comparison of these fictionnal cults with archeological findings and religious conceptions from Imperial and Classical times will allow us to mesure the novelist's reconstruction of a reality, pertaining to their present or their past. The respective value given in these novels to sacrifice and prayer, to collective and individual cults shows some modern aspects of Greek religion in the Imperial era. If put in relation with the rhetorical and dramatic use of religion, this will also provide elements to define each novelist's religious, political but also esthetic project
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Labadie, Mathieu. "Xénophon et la divination". Thèse, Caen, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11653.
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Cette thèse a pour but de dresser un panorama complet des croyances de Xénophon en la divination. À l’aide d’une analyse rigoureuse de la totalité des œuvres de cet auteur antique pendant longtemps déprécié, il ressort que le problème de la consultation des dieux, loin d’être abordé de manière anecdotique et spontanée à la façon d’un legs de la tradition que la pensée critique n’a pas touchée, est au contraire un élément essentiel de la formation d’une réflexion profonde sur la piété et plus généralement les rapports qu’entretiennent les hommes avec les dieux. D’autre part, en raison du zèle de Xénophon à avoir rapporté des récits ou des réflexions à propos de la divination, cette analyse offre l’occasion de mieux comprendre les subtilités de cette pratique rituelle logée au cœur de la religion grecque et qui ne saurait être réduite à une forme de superstition.This thesis aims to provide a complete overview of the beliefs of Xenophon about divination. Using a rigorous analysis of all the works of this ancient author who has long been depreciated, it seems clear that the problem of the consultation of the gods, far from being addressed incidentally and spontaneously like a traditional legacy that critical thinking has not reached, is on the contrary an essential element in the formation of a deep thinking on piety, and more generally of the relationships between men and gods. On the other hand, due to Xenophon’s zeal to have reported stories or thoughts about divination, this analysis provides an opportunity to a better understanding of the intricacies of this ritual lying at the core of Greek religion and that can not be reduced to a form of superstition.
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Rubulotta, Gabriella. "La réception de Xénophon dans l'œuvre d'Ælius Aristide : rhétorique et imitation à l'époque impériale". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAC006.
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Nombre d’œuvres d’époque impériale montrent que Xénophon était considéré comme un modèle littéraire éminent. La présente thèse offre une analyse de la réception de Xénophon dans les discours de l’orateur Ælius Aristide, lesquels n’ont pas encore été traités sous cet angle. Les œuvres aristidiennes examinées sont : les Discours platoniciens (or. 2-4), le discours Sur la digression (or. 28), la déclamation En faveur de la paix avec les Athéniens (or. 8), l’ensemble des cinq Discours leuctriens (or. 11-15), les témoignages sur la déclamation perdue Callixène, le Panathénaïque (or. 1) et l’éloge À Rome (or. 26). L’histoire grecque a une importance cruciale dans cette enquête : Aristide s’est particulièrement intéressé aux événements de l’après Leuctres. L’analyse des références historiques aux Helléniques met en avant l’érudition de l’orateur et son intérêt pour les discours contenus dans cet ouvrage de Xénophon. L’examen du travail littéraire d’Aristide sur le texte de Xénophon pourra contribuer à améliorer l’exégèse des discours aristidiens analysés, et fournira un nouveau volet aux recherches sur la réception de XénophonSeveral ancient literary works show that Xenophon was considered during the Imperial period as a preeminent model. The present study analyses the reception of Xenophon in Ælius Aristides’ speeches, which have never been explored from this perspective. The works taken into account are the Platonic speeches (or. 2-4), the speech Concerning a remark in passing (or. 28), the declamation On making peace with the Athenians (or. 8), the group of the five Leuctran orations (or. 11-15), the evidence of the lost declamation Callixenus, the Panathenaicus (or. 1) and the speech To Rome (or. 26). Greek history has a crucial importance in this investigation: Aristides was particularly concerned by the events following the battle of Leuctra. The examination of the historical allusions to Xenophon’s Hellenica reveals Aristides’ erudition and his interest in the speeches included in this work. Looking at Aristides’ use of Xenophon’s texts can contribute to improving the exegesis of the Aristidian works and open a new path into research on Xenophon’s reception
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Humble, Noreen M. "Xenophon's view of Sparta, a study of the Anabasis, Hellenica and Respublica Lacedaemoniorum". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30093.pdf.
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Stanke, Stefan. "Tyrants, kings and generals : the relationship of leaders and their states in Xenophon's Hellenica". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425399.
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Hogg, Graham Ian. "The self-education of Cyrus : a literary commentary on Book 1 of Xenophon's Cyropaedia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20573.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a literary commentary and analysis of the first book of Xenophon's Cyropaedia. The work has traditionally been regarded as an enigma, its subject matter being too diverse and its structure and purpose unclear. Moreover, in contrast with Xenophon's other works and other fourth-century prose literature, the text has been treated as being tedious and having little intrinsic worth. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of scholarly interest in the Cyropaedia. James Tatum's Xenophon's Imperial Fiction, Bodil Due's The Cyropaedia and Deborah Gera's Xenophon's Cyropaedia have broken new ground in analysing the work as a whole and bringing it into line with the rest of Xenophon's works. What is lacking in this re-evaluation of the Cyropaedia is a detailed literary commentary on the work. Previous commentaries have dealt primarily with grammar, syntax and textual criticism, or have examined the work as a valuable source for Persian history and ethnography. The thesis focuses on Book 1, approaching it not in terms of one particular genre but as a complex work drawing from all the branches of Greek literature as well as from the author's own knowledge and experiences gained during the course of a very eventful life. The commentary accordingly interprets the Cyropaedia in the context of earlier Greek literature, to show that Xenophon uses and refers back to the works of his literary predecessors to construct a work which is innovative rather than derivative. The importance of Book 1 lies in the way Xenophon introduces the themes and ideas which will be explored in the course of the remaining seven books. Xenophon's portrayal of Cyrus the child in the first book is not only remarkably vivid, it is also a very subtle examination of the successful leader in his youth, of how he seeks to educate himself through undergoing a wide range of experiences, and of the various tactics he uses to make his elders carry out his wishes.
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Lucciano, Mélanie. "Paene Socratico genere : figures de Socrate dans la littérature et la philosophie à Rome de Plaute à Sénèque". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040071.
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Lorsque, au IVe siècle, les Romains rendirent hommage à la sagesse, ils érigèrent une statue de Pythagore. Pline l’Ancien s’en étonne : pourquoi n’a-t-on pas plutôt choisi Socrate ? Cette interrogation reflète l’intégration progressive de la figure du philosophe athénien à Rome, depuis le IIe siècle av. J.C. jusqu’à l’œuvre de Sénèque qui intériorise le modèle socratique d’enseignement.Est d’abord réuni le corpus exhaustif des occurrences de Socrate dans une perspective diachronique. Les passages sont contextualisés dans l’économie de l’œuvre, son genre et les objectifs de chaque auteur. La source grecque est, si possible, identifiée : la présence de Socrate sert alors de marqueur de la lecture des textes de Platon, de Xénophon, mais aussi d’autres Socratiques comme Eschine.Dans un second temps, les textes sont étudiés selon des regroupements chronologiques et thématiques : est alors définie une double réception de Socrate, entre valorisation et mépris, qui s’articule autour de sa grandeur, son rôle fondateur pour les écoles de pensée hellénistiques, sa mort courageuse et, à rebours, sa dénonciation de la rhétorique ou le caractère inutile des propos des Socratiques pour lutter contre les passions. Au mode de vie philosophique qu’incarne Socrate s’oppose parfois celui défini par le mos maiorum, ou encore par le poète élégiaque. Se dévoilent différentes interprétations de Socrate, ancêtre du cynisme et du stoïcisme, probabiliste ou transcendantaliste, ouvrant ainsi la voie à un transfert culturel des œuvres, mais aussi de leurs exégèses. Que ce soit dans une perspective historiographique, philosophique ou littéraire, Socrate devient peu à peu un exemplum, un modèle de vieWhen, in 343 B.C., the Romans paid tribute to wisdom, they built a statue of Pythagoras. Why was not Socrates chosen instead ? Pliny the Elder wonders. This interrogation reflects the progressive integration of the figure of the Athenian philosopher in Rome, from the second century B.C. until the work of Seneca which internalises the Socratic teaching model.At first, the exhaustive corpus of the occurrences of Socrates is gathered in a diachronic perspective. The passages are contextualized in the entire work, its genre and the purposes of every author. The Greek sources are, when possible, identified : the presence of Socrates serves then as a marker for the reading of the texts of Plato, Xenophon, but also other Socratics like Aeschines.Secondly, the texts are studied according to chronological and thematic groupings : a double reception of Socrates is then defined, between praise and contempt, which articulates around his greatness, his founding role for the Hellenistic philosophic schools, his courageous death and, on the contrary, his denunciation of rhetoric or the fact that Socratics’ theories are useless to fight against passions. The philosophic lifestyle embodied by Socrates sometimes contrasts with the one defined by the mos maiorum, or by the elegiac poets. Various interpretations of Socrates come to light, as an ancestor of Cynicism and Stoicism, as a sceptic or a transcendentalist, paving the way for a cultural transfer of the Greek philosophical works but also of their exegeses. Whether it be in an historiographic, philosophic or literary perspective, Socrates gradually becomes an exemplum, a model of life