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Njung, George N. "Amputated Men, Colonial Bureaucracy, and Masculinity in Post–World War I Colonial Nigeria". Journal of Social History 53, n.º 3 (2020): 620–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz123.
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Abstract Since the 1980s, several aspects of masculinity in relation to the First World War, including the image of the citizen-soldier, have been well studied. Other aspects, however, such as the experience of combat and its impact on peacetime masculinities lag well behind. Though wartime and postwar experiences in Africa provide a repertoire for gender and masculinity research, the continent has been neglected in this realm of studies. British colonial Nigeria contributed tens of thousands of combat men to the war with thousands becoming disabled and facing challenges to their masculine identities, yet there is no serious research on this topic for Nigeria. This paper contributes to this long-neglected aspect of African history. Known in colonial archival documents only as “amputated men,” war-disabled Nigerian men struggled to navigate colonial bureaucracy in order to obtain artificial limbs and redeem what they considered their lost manhood. Employing data collected from the Nigerian and British archives, the article’s objectives are twofold: it analyzes the diminishment of the masculine identities of war-disabled men in Nigeria following the First World War, and it explains how such diminishment was accentuated by an inefficiently structured British colonial bureaucracy, paired with British colonial racism. The article contributes to scholarship on WWI, disability studies, gender studies, and colonial studies, through examination of the protracted legacies of the global conflict on the African continent.
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Subotic, Milan. "Postcolonial studies and post-Soviet societies: The possibilities and the limitations of their intersection". Filozofija i drustvo 26, n.º 2 (2015): 458–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1502458s.
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Starting with a short review of the postcolonial studies? origins, this paper considers the question of their application in the study of history and contemporary state of the post-Soviet societies. Aspirations of the leading theorists of postcolonial studies not to restrict their field of research on the relation of imperial metropoles (First World) and its (post)colonial periphery (Third World) have not met with the acceptance in post-Soviet societies? academia. With the exception of the famous debates on ?the Balkans? that are not the subject of this paper, the paradigm of post-colonialism is rarely used in the interpretation of past and present of the former socialist states (Second World). Rejecting the thesis of their own (post)colonial status in most of Eastern European countries is usually based on a rejection of the assumption of the Soviet-style communism?s ?civilizing mission?. From the same perspective, the Soviet Union is not considered a colonial metropole, but an occupying force, and the epoch of socialism is interpreted as externally imposed breach of the historical developments based on the European model. On the other hand, the concept of these countries? transition opens up the issue of their (post)colonial status in relation to ?Europe? as the center of economic, political and cultural power. Therefore, the postcolonial critique of post-Soviet societies is more often focused on the thematisation of neo-imperial domination and neo-colonial dependency phenomena, than on the explanation of their socialist past. The author?s opinion is that it doesn?t mean that a number of concepts of postcolonial theory - such as ?internal colonialism? - cannot be productively used to a fuller understanding of the Soviet past, nor that in the interpretation of post-Soviet realities? ?hybrid forms? the postcolonial studies cannot be of use.
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Harries, Jim. "Mission in a Post Modern World: Issues of Language and Dependency in Post-Colonial Africa". Exchange 39, n.º 4 (2010): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254310x537007.
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AbstractThe communication revolution has made texts and languages available to people who, it is here suggested, might not have the cultural components needed to use them in the same way as native speakers. Introduced languages have in much of Africa eclipsed indigenous knowledge from opportunity for home grown development. Africans flocking to Western languages supported by numerous Western subsidies, leaves African ways of life concealed from the West. Western languages can be used to undermine the West. The inadequacy of English in Africa is illustrated by the contrast between the holistic and dualistic worldviews; English being dualistic is a poor means for expressing African holism. This makes the use of English in and for Africa inherently confusing. It is proposed that indigenous development be encouraged through challenging and encouraging African theology on its own terms, by encouraging some Western missionaries to use African languages and resources in their task.
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Duncan, Rebecca. "Decolonial Gothic: Beyond the Postcolonial in Gothic Studies". Gothic Studies 24, n.º 3 (novembro de 2022): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2022.0144.
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This article theorises decolonial Gothic as a novel approach to Gothic fiction from formerly colonised regions and communities. It responds to an emerging body of Gothic production, which situates itself in a world shaped by persistently racialised distributions of social and environmental precarity, and where colonial power is thus an enduring material reality. To address such fiction, the article proposes, requires a reassessment of the hauntological frameworks through which Gothic and the (post)colonial have hitherto been brought into contact. Forged in the cultural climate of late-twentieth-century postmodernity, these hinge on the assumption of an epochal break, which renders colonial history a thing of the past; thus, they fall short of narratives that engage with active formations of colonial power. Accordingly, the article outlines an alternative approach, positioning Gothic fiction in the context of the capitalist world-system, which – into the present – is structured by colonial categories of race, heteropatriarchal categories of gender, and instrumentalising discourses of nature as plunderable resource.
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Gardner, Andrew. "Post-Colonial Rome, and Beyond". REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto), n.º 36 (14 de dezembro de 2021): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2021.6561.
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Roman archaeology is one of the major subfields of archaeology in which post-colonial theory has flourished, and not just in relation to the role of the past in the present, but also as a means to approach the interpretation of the Roman world itself. The region of North Africa was a major focal point for some of the earliest post-colonial studies on the Roman Empire, and has remained an arena of investigation for scholars influenced by the Anglophone debate on post-colonial theory, which emerged in the 1980s and flourished in the 1990s, often with a focus on Roman Britain. Religion is both a key source of evidence and an obviously important theme in understanding cultural change, interaction and power, and thus it has likewise been of interest to scholars from within and beyond the region. Here, I give an overview of the work of some of the influential Roman archaeologists working within the post-colonial tradition. I also consider the complex intersections of ancient and modern, and of Britain and North Africa, found in this body of work, and evaluate the impact this tradition of thought continues to have on Roman archaeology going forwards.
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Watt, Lori. "Embracing Defeat in Seoul: Rethinking Decolonization in Korea, 1945". Journal of Asian Studies 74, n.º 1 (2 de dezembro de 2014): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814001715.
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Revisiting the political and social history of Seoul, Korea, in 1945, this article assesses responses to Japanese defeat and the end of empire in the context of American military occupation. The arrival of the Americans forced Japanese and Koreans alike to rethink their positions in the world. Drawing on past colonial practices, Japanese residents used the immediate post-surrender moment to ponder their future prospects, recording those thoughts in a number of public and private sources. They negotiated the passage from a colonial to a post-imperial society, I argue, by embracing a consciousness of a defeated people while disregarding criticisms of colonial rule. This investigation seeks to interpret the immediate post-World War II moment in Seoul less as a founding moment of the Cold War and more as an important transition in the history of decolonization.
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Southard, Naomi, e Richard Payne. "Teaching the Introduction to Religions: Religious Pluralism in a Post-Colonial World". Teaching Theology and Religion 1, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1998): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9647.00012.
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Pintchman, Tracy. "Reflections on Power and the Post-Colonial Context: Tales from the Field". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 21, n.º 1 (2009): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006809x416823.
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AbstractThe history of ethnographic practice in anthropology is inseparable from histories of colonialism—including racist assumptions and exploitative interests. This essay comments on concerns about power and ethnographic work from a different point of view, considering the relative powerlessness of the ethnographer in the context of a relationship that developed in the field. The essay argues that power relations in the practice of ethnography are in fact quite variegated, dependent on multiple factors, and too complex and richly textured to be captured in a single, simple “first world/third world” kind of dichotomous mapping.
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Rigoni, Isabelle. "Intersectionality and mediated cultural production in a globalized post-colonial world". Ethnic and Racial Studies 35, n.º 5 (maio de 2012): 834–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.628035.
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Owuor, Yvonne Adhiambo. "Reading Our Ruins". Matatu 50, n.º 1 (14 de junho de 2018): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05001012.
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AbstractThe essay enquires into what is accepted in academic and political circles as ‘post-colonial’ reality and questions some of the assumptions about its imagination, narratives, and edifices. It does this through the lens of moments taken from lived ‘post-coloniality’, mostly out of Kenya, which, like most ‘independent nations’ presumed a cut-off point between ‘colonial’ and its ‘post’ in the solemn ritual act of swapping flags one midnight. That the world, its presumptions and assumptions, certainly regarding civilizational apotheosis, is today in a state of befuddlement is no mystery. What is mysterious is the persistence of hollow ideas of the character of relationships among peoples, and the distribution of terminologies to refer to these—first world, third world, developed, undeveloped, colonial, post-colonial, neo-colonial, immigrant, expatriate—in a time when these neither make sense nor offer anything meaningful to the world. The essay finally retreats to the ‘autopsy table’ for inspiration: it imagines that the contradictions and confusions of the present era could also be read as an invitation to humanity to ‘look at itself again and really see’, and to, perhaps, this time, do so with that long-absent courage, truthfulness and humility that speak to human realities and allows for an examination of debris from unexplored past and present relationships that now disorder the human future.
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Smart, Devin. "“Safariland”: Tourism, Development and the Marketing of Kenya in the Post-Colonial World". African Studies Review 61, n.º 2 (28 de maio de 2018): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.133.
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Abstract:This article explores the role of tourism in the development plans of Kenya during the 1960s and 1970s, examining what this reveals about the new opportunities and constrictions that officials encountered as they tried to globally reconfigure the place of their new decolonizing nation in the post-colonial world. These themes are explored by examining the political economy of development and tourism, the marketing infrastructures that Kenyan officials created to shape how Western consumers thought about “Kenya,” and how these factors influenced the kinds of discourses that were promoted globally about this newly-independent African country.
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Wood, Astrid. "Decolonising cities of the global South in the classroom and beyond". Town Planning Review: Volume 91, Issue 5 91, n.º 5 (1 de setembro de 2020): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2020.30.
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In the post-colonial context, the global South has become the approved nomenclature for the non-European, non-Western parts of the world. The term promises a departure from post-colonial development geographies and from the material and discursive legacies of colonialism by ostensibly blurring the bifurcations between developed and developing, rich and poor, centre and periphery. In concept, the post-colonial literature mitigates the disparity between cities of the North and South by highlighting the achievements of elsewhere. But what happens when we try to teach this approach in the classroom? How do we locate the South without relying on concepts of otherness? And how do we communicate the importance of the South without re-creating the regional hierarchies that have dominated for far too long? This article outlines the academic arguments before turning to the opportunities and constraints associated with delivering an undergraduate module that teaches post-colonial concepts without relying on colonial constructs.
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Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. "Hybrid affairs: Cultural histories of the East India companies". Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, n.º 3 (19 de junho de 2018): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618778408.
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Danna Agmon, A Colonial Affair: Commerce, Conversion and Scandal in French India, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017, xvi + 217pp. Anna Winterbottom, Hybrid Knowledge in the Early East India Company World, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, xii + 324pp.
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Shafranskaya, Eleonora. "Post-Colonial Issues of Modern Russian Literature". Respectus Philologicus 28, n.º 33A (25 de outubro de 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.28.33a.1.
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The article discusses the controversial reception of the terms “colonial” and “post-colonial”, used in the modern studies of postcolonial discourse. The author provides the analysis of the works of the modern Russian literature that focus on the post-colonial issues, or, to be more exact, the post-orientalistic judgment of the Soviet and imperial problems (Andrey Volos’s prose, Dina Rubina, Arkan Kariv, Larisa Bau, Sukhbat Aflatuni, Adel Khairov whose works contain the elements of traditional Orientalism as well as post-Said Orientalism). This article provides an overview (with arguments and illustrative material of interdisciplinary nature) of the specificity and techniques of the modern post-colonial Russian literature. In particular, it analyses the metaphor of stagnation – lethargic hospital – and the reception of enantiosemy; considers the image of the place genius loci, which is leaving or have already departed from the real world not physically but mentally, and the former locus of the former Soviet empire; places the emphasis on the post-colonial reflection of the modern novelists, a post factum wish to understand the reasons of post-imperial problems.
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Misra, Sumantra, Manjari Chakraborty e N. R. Mandal. "CRITICAL REGIONALISM IN THE POST-COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT". JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 42, n.º 2 (29 de outubro de 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2018.6140.
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Critical Regionalism as expounded by Kenneth Frampton has found its use in many parts of the world as a reaction to the international architecture practised in the Western world. India, which was deprived of exposure to the advanced developments in architecture in the US and Europe was at one stroke brought into world contact after gaining independence. This paper traces the exposure of the Indian architects to Western training and philosophy and how they developed their works to suit the regional context. Important aspects of the paper are mentioned below: ‒ International exposure of the Indian architects after independence. ‒ Their designs and their approaches to the creation of an Indian flavour on their return to homeland. ‒ Examined the works of a few prominent architects and inferred on their special regional contributions.
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Al Rawi, Ahmed. "The post-colonial novels of Desmond Stewart and Ethel Mannin". Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2016): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1229421.
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In presenting their characters and political ideologies, Desmond Stewart (1924–81) and Ethel Mannin (1900–84) are both unique among British fiction writers because they offered different portrayals of the post-colonial Arab world than what was mostly found in Western mainstream writings. While Stewart discussed the postcolonial era in Iraq by focusing on pan-Arab national movements that rejected the British hegemony during the monarchical period, Mannin focused on the postcolonial era which followed the British occupation and was represented in the Palestinian national movements. This paper argues that Stewart and Mannin offered a more complex and diverse view of the Arab world that was far different from many other stereotypical fictional depictions. It deals more in depth with the following novels: Stewart's Leopard in the Grass (London: W. J. Pollock, 1951) and A Stranger in Eden or The Unsuitable Englishman (New York: Signet, 1954), as well as Mannin's The Road to Beersheba (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963) and The Night and Its Homing (London: Hutchinson, 1966).
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Fuchs, Felix. "The World in a Grain of Sand: Post-colonial Literature and Radical Universalism". Comparative Literature Studies 60, n.º 4 (novembro de 2023): 798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.60.4.0798.
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Surzhko Harned, Lena. "Russian World and Ukrainian Autocephaly: Religious Narratives in Anti-Colonial Nationalism of Ukraine". Religions 13, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040349.
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The paper examines the role of religious narratives in the on-going Russo-Ukrainian conflict. The literature on religious nationalism offers several ways in which religion plays a role in national identity narratives. The strong connection between the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and the Russian state have been well-known. The narrative of the “chosen” nation and “third Rome” have fueled Russian neo-imperial national discourse of Russkii Mir (Russian World) which shapes Russian Foreign Policy in the “near abroad”. The Church is used as tool to shape and disseminate these narratives, as a means for justification of Russian aggression in Ukraine. This paper seeks to analyze the role of the religious narratives of Russia neo-colonial and post-colonial nationalism in Ukraine. It argues that Ukrainian religious nationalism, should it develop, will do so in response to the Russian actions driven by the ideological religious narrative. President Poroshenko’s decision to support the recognition of an autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in 2018 was a valiant effort to aid in the construction of Ukraine’s anti-colonial religious national narrative. Prior to the Russian invasion, there seemed to be relatively weak public support for the religious nationalist narrative in Ukraine. The evidence shows that commitment to religious pluralism continues to be prevalent in Ukrainian society.
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Helfer, Florian. "(Post-)colonial Myths in German History Textbooks, 1989–2015". German Politics and Society 39, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2021): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390105.
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This article examines the evolution of textbook representations of colonialism in two North Rhine-Westphalian textbook series for the Sekundarstufe II since 1989. On the one hand, the article shows that the developing post-colonial discourse in the German public debate had a particularly strong impact on schoolbooks in the mid-2000s. Textbooks reacted quickly to changes in the public debate and have increasingly attempted to deconstruct colonial narratives. However, implicit mental conceptions of African “backwardness” continue to exert some influence even on today’s textbook generation. On the other hand, the article identifies the distortions that appear when colonialism as a global phenomenon is discussed within a curricular framework that focuses on national and European history. Because of the close curricular link between High Imperialism and World War I, textbooks strongly focus on the global rivalry of the European powers, whereas other aspects of colonialism come up short.
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Boussebaa, Mehdi, e Glenn Morgan. "Pushing the frontiers of critical international business studies". critical perspectives on international business 10, n.º 1/2 (25 de fevereiro de 2014): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-11-2013-0046.
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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the context- and power-sensitive approach to the study of multinationals that has emerged in the last decade, argues for the need to supplement it by a clearer focus on the wider geopolitical context in which multinationals operate and outlines the implications for the development of IB research in this area. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a summary overview of context- and power-sensitive studies of multinationals before proposing a research agenda for the next decade. In particular, it argues for the need to combine the institutionalist angle taken by context/power analyses with post-colonial theory as a means of bringing geopolitics into the study of multinationals, a task that CPoIB is well positioned to accomplish. Findings – The paper identifies a lack of “criticality” in context/power research and, in particular, a lack of attention to the neo-imperial character of multinationals with specific regards to their management and organisation. Research limitations/implications – The implications of this paper are that the nature of contemporary multinationals is further illuminated, especially their role in (re-)producing (neo-)imperial relations in a supposedly post-colonial world. Further, the paper suggests an agenda for future research on the relationship between imperialism and multinationals. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in drawing together more closely the study of multinationals as organizational structures and political systems with the history of imperialism and contemporary post-colonial theorising.
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Butler, Jeffrey, James Mayall e Anthony Payne. "The Fallacies of Hope: The Post-Colonial Record of the Commonwealth Third World". International Journal of African Historical Studies 26, n.º 2 (1993): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219588.
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Sabet, A. G. E. "Arab Modernities: Islamism, Nationalism, and Liberalism in the Post-Colonial Arab World * By JAAFAR AKSIKAS". Journal of Islamic Studies 21, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2010): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etp081.
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Wiryomartono, Bagoes. "Urbanism, place and culture in the Malay world: The politics of domain from pre-colonial to post colonial era". City, Culture and Society 4, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2013): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.05.004.
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Kandiyoti, Deniz. "POST-COLONIALISM COMPARED: POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA". International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, n.º 2 (maio de 2002): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802002076.
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The term “post-colonial” is a relative newcomer to the jargon of Western social science. Although discussions about the effects of colonial and imperialist domination are by no means new, the various meanings attached to the prefix “post-” and different understandings of what characterizes the post-colonial continue to make this term a controversial one. Among the criticisms leveled against it, reviewed comprehensively by Hall (1996), are the dangers of careless homogenizing of experiences as disparate as those of white settler colonies, such as Australia and Canada; of the Latin American continent, whose independence battles were fought in the 19th century; and countries such as India, Nigeria, or Algeria that emerged from very different colonial encounters in the post-World War II era. He suggests, nevertheless, that “What the concept may help us to do is to describe or characterise the shift in global relations which marks the (necessarily uneven) transition from the age of Empires to the post-independence and post-decolonisation moment” (Hall 1996, 246). Rattansi (1997) proposes a distinction between “post-coloniality” to designate a set of historical epochs and “post-colonialism” or “post-colonialist studies” to refer to a particular form of intellectual inquiry that has as its central defining theme the mutually constitutive role played by colonizer and colonized in shaping the identities of both the dominant power and those at the receiving end of imperial and colonial projects. Within the field of post-colonial studies itself, Moore-Gilbert (1997) points to the divide between “post-colonial criticism,” which has much earlier antecedents in the writings of those involved in anti-colonial struggles, and “post-colonial theory,” which distinguishes itself from the former by the incoporation of methodological paradigms derived from contemporary European cultural theories into discussions of colonial systems of representation and cultural production. Whatever the various interpretations of the term or the various temporalities associated with it might be, Hall claims that the post-colonial “marks a critical interruption into that grand whole historiographical narrative which, in liberal historiography and Weberian historical sociology, as much as in the dominant traditions of Western Marxism, gave this global dimension a subordinate presence in a story that could essentially be told from its European parameters” (Hall 1996, 250). In what follows, I will attempt a brief discussion of some of the circumstances leading to the emergence of this concept and interrogate the extent to which it lends itself to a meaningful comparison of the modern trajectories of societies in the Middle East and Central Asia.
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Narivska, Valentyna, e Nataliia Pakhsarian. "Contemporary french comparative studies: issues and methods". Слово і Час, n.º 3 (26 de maio de 2020): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2020.03.48-64.
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The paper presents a review of the main issues and methods of studying modern French literature and comparative studies.
The authors outline the diferences between European approaches, now taken with focus rather on all-European common principles than cultural distinctions, and American tendencies that reflect the priority of feminist and post-colonial methods of comparative studies. Attention is paid to the French peculiarities concerning the replacement of the term ‘influence’ by ‘intertextuality’, and to the role of intermedial and interdisciplinary comparative studies.
Among the outlined concepts and issues are research ethics in comparative studies; non-essential writers and genres (F. Lavokat); relation of comparative studies to the concepts of European and world literature (A. Tomiche); the role and place of comparative studies in literature and culture (F. Toudoire-Surlapierre), accuracy and universality of defining the discipline (B. Franco), the study of links between literature and art (G. Steiner).
Attention is also paid to the discussions on the concept of ‘world literature’ (in particular to the views of P. Kazanova) that concern the term ‘world literature’ as it is interpreted by American researchers and ‘European literature’ used by French ones. Other issues are the concept of ‘cultural transfer’; the content of hermeneutic practice in comparison; the role of analysis and ‘defamiliarization’ (introduced by V. Shklovsky); comparison as an object of criticism, a tool of analytics, and methodological necessity; the transversality as the coexistence of diferent comparative methods. The comparative approach has been shown as ontological and culturological vision, a special method of research with a basis in comparison and opposition of the interconnected systems covering translation studies, mythology, imagology, geocriticism, post-colonial and gender studies, research of cultural transfer specified as multicomparativism.
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Raschke, Carl. "Religious Studies as Neoliberal “Triple Mediation”: Toward a Deconstruction of Its “Colonial Difference”". Religions 10, n.º 4 (30 de março de 2019): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040238.
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This article makes the case, citing the work of David Chidester, Achille Mbembe, Tomoko Masuzawa, and Walter Mignolo, that the academic study of religion (often known as “religious studies” in the Anglophone world, Religionswissenschften or sciences religieuses in Continental Europe) remains both historically, and to a large extent contemporaneously, a “colonial” discipline derived from what Michel Foucault termed the structures of “power/knowledge,” imposed on the cognitive and philosophical traditions of non-Western and indigenous peoples. It argues that the “archetype” of rationality taken for granted in much Western scholarship about “religion” amounts to what Chidester terms a “triple mediation” between the imperial domination and colonial classification and administration of subjugated peoples and their symbolical practices and cultural memory—one which, in fact, has been re-inscribed in present day “neoliberal” fantasies of one world “without religion.” Finally, the article proposes a new “deconstructive” reading of theories of religion using post-structuralist instead of Enlightenment methodologies.
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Kachru, Braj B. "World Englishes and English-Using Communities". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 (março de 1997): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003287.
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This survey includes studies published mainly—but not exclusively—during the 1990s and focuses on literature that brings to the debate on world Englishes theoretical, conceptual, descriptive, ideological, and power-related concerns. The concept “world Englishes”—its genesis and its theoretical, contextual, and pedagogical implications and appropriateness—has been discussed during the past two decades in several programmatic studies and conference presentations (see B. Kachru 1994a). The concept, though not necessarily the term “world Englishes,” gradually evolved during the post-colonial period after the 1960s. It refers to the recognition of a unique linguistic phenomenon, and particularly to the changing contexts of the post-1940s. It was during this period that post-Imperial Englishes were being gradually institutionalized in the language policies of the changed political, educational, and ideological contexts of what were earlier the colonies of the UK and the USA. The earlier tradition of cross-cultural and cross-linguistic acquisition of English, its teaching, and its transformations were being reevaluated by some researchers. The major concerns of this reevaluation include the implications of pluricentricity (Clyne 1992), the new and emerging norms of performance, and the acceptance of the bilingual's creativity as a manifestation of the contextual and formal hybridity of Englishes. In other words, a critical evaluation of earlier paradigms was slowly initiated.
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Crotty, William. "Notes on the Study of Political Parties in the Third World". American Review of Politics 14 (1 de janeiro de 1994): 659–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1993.14.0.659-694.
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The research on political parties in developing nations is difficult to aggregate and to place in a comparative context. The reasons are many. The body of work is at best modest in size as well as uneven in focus, theoretical conception and empirical execution. Often comparative or more generalizable indicators and conclusions must be extracted from studies intended to clarify social developments over broad periods of time or, alternatively, within carefully set historical boundaries (the colonial; the transition from the colonial period to independence; post-independence developments; political conditions under specific national leaders, as examples). The efforts are broad stroke, primarily descriptive and usually interwoven with historical accounts and explanations of the social, economic and cultural factors that condition the life of a country. The range appears to run from megatheories-or, more accurately, broadly generalized interpretative sets of categorizations and conclusions applied to a region or a collection of countries (the research itself is seldom theoretically focused), supported by interpretative essays and expert, professionalized observation and background knowledge-to case studies of differing degrees of elaborateness. There is little in between.
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Vazquez, Adriana. "The cruelest harvest: Virgilian agricultural pessimism in the poetry of the Brazilian colonial period". Classical Receptions Journal 12, n.º 4 (26 de julho de 2020): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/claa006.
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Abstract Classical imagery and mythological narratives provided ready literary analogues for framing European expansion into the New World in the colonial and early modern periods. This article examines the manipulation of classical images of agricultural fecundity and Virgilian pessimism in select works of two Brazilian poets working in the neoclassical tradition during the colonial period, José Basílio da Gama (1740–95) and Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto (1744–93), by which both poets advance a critique of Iberian expansion into Latin America. I argue that both poets, writing in dialogue with one another, activate an especially Virgilian agricultural imagery that sets war in contradiction to agricultural production in a post-colonial critique of European imperialist expansion into Brazil. The poetry of these figures exhibits a remarkable reversal of sympathies that distinguishes South American treatment of ancient material from that of European receptions that aligned imperial Europe with the Roman empire and its traditional heroes, a comparison established in order to justify colonialist expansion into the New World.
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Ratuva, Steven. "‘Failed’ or resilient subaltern communities? Pacific indigenous social protection systems in a neoliberal world". Pacific Journalism Review 20, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.165.
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The notion of failed state is based on culturally, historically and ideologically slanted lenses and tends to rank post-colonial societies at the lower end of the Failed State Index (FSI). Likewise, the Social Protection Index (SPI) uses neoliberal and Western-based variables and tends to disadvantage subaltern post-colonial communities as in the Pacific. This article reverses this trend by arguing for a re-examination of the factors which shape the resilience and adaptability of local communities, something which has always been ignored by mainstream classificatory schemas such as the FSI and SPI. To this end, the article examines the indigenous and local human security and social protection systems in the Pacific and how these provide support mechanisms for community resilience and adaptation in the face of a predatory neoliberal onslaught and globalisation. It focuses on kinship, reciprocity, communal obligation and communal labour as examples of social protection mechanisms in four case studies—Fiji, Samoa, Kiribati and Vanuatu. Of significance here is the role of critical and progressive journalists and media in deconstructing the ideological and cultural bias embedded in these discourses.
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Salvante, Martina. "Introduction: Gender and Disability in the Two World Wars". Journal of Social History 53, n.º 3 (2020): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz126.
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Abstract This introduction explains the reasons behind this special issue, which is devoted to analyzing historically gendered experiences of war-related disability in post-conflict societies. It refers to a variety of multidisciplinary works on disability, gender, conflict, and transition theory to posit the special issue at the intersection of disability, gender, and war studies. It briefly describes the five articles composing the issue, while emphasizing their contribution to understanding the impact of the two world wars on the lives of men and women and on cultural ideas of masculinity and femininity in a variety of national and colonial contexts.
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Maluleke, Tinyiko Sam. "Reflections and Resources". International Journal of Public Theology 5, n.º 1 (17 de março de 2011): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156973211x543751.
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Originally written as a response to the first of two papers presented by William Storrar at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, this article presents a critical response to public theology from a post-colonial perspective. It contends that public theology is trapped in an attempt to universalize concepts, similar to earlier forms of theology, and does not take developing world theologies seriously. It is post-coloniality, rather than postmodernity, that this article claims is of importance to South African society. The idea that public theology can address the anger in South African society, without a theory of resistance as found in liberation theologies, is challenged.
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Lukaszyk, Ewa. "(Post)colonial Chronopolitics and Mapping the Depth of Local Time(s) in Global Literary Studies: an Itinerary to Guinea-Bissau". Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 7, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2021): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2021.12.04.
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This article is an attempt at deconstructing the chronopolitics inherent to the (post)colonial way of thinking about the world. As it is argued, what should replace it is a vision of multiple, overlying temporalities and forms of time awareness, reaching deeper than a literary history reduced to the cycle of colonisation – decolonisation – postcolonial becoming, originating from just a single maritime event: the European exploration and conquest of the world. The essay brings forth a choice of interwoven examples illustrating the variability of local time depths, associated with a plurality of origins, narrations, forms of awareness and cultivation of cultural belonging. It shows the lack of coincidence between the dominant and non-dominant perceptions of the past in such places as the archipelagos of São Tomé and Príncipe, Maldives, the Gambia, Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. Their ways of living the global time, as well as embodying significant texts (rather than simply preserving them) stretch far beyond the frameworks created by competing colonial empires, such as the Portuguese or the British one.
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Hönke, Jana, e Markus-Michael Müller. "Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: Transnational entanglements and the worldliness of ‘local’ practice". Security Dialogue 43, n.º 5 (outubro de 2012): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010612458337.
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While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned ‘Western’ perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.
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Bonate, Liazzat. "Matriliny, Islam and Gender in Northern Mozambique". Journal of Religion in Africa 36, n.º 2 (2006): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006606777070650.
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AbstractUsing gender as the major line of difference, the paper examines the diversity within Islam in northern Mozambique, in which, despite strong historical ties to the Swahili world and waves of Islamic expansion, as well as attempts to establish and police an Islamic 'orthodoxy', matriliny continues to be one of the main cultural features. Concentrating on two coastal regions, Mozambique Island and Angoche, and on three urban zones of the modern provincial capital, Nampula City, the paper addresses the reasons for the endurance of matriliny, through historical processes that brought about different currents of Islam, and discusses the ways in which the colonial and post-colonial state, while attempting to control the often conflicting Islamic and African 'traditional' authorities, have contributed to the perpetuation of this conflict as well as to the endurance of matriliny.
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LEONARD, FRANK. "“Eighth Wonder of the World:” The Cariboo Wagon Road as British Columbia’s First Megaproject". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 27, n.º 1 (18 de julho de 2017): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040528ar.
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Interpretations of the creation and operation of the Cariboo Wagon Road, constructed during the 1860s to the gold fields in the northern interior of colonial British Columbia, range from a marvelous, essential conduit to a costly, superfluous thoroughfare. In our age of cost overruns, it is appropriate to begin a process of addressing cost-effectiveness in evaluating the colony’s largest infrastructure project. After clarifying the structure’s name and extent, this paper collates the relevant British Columbia colonial accounts to establish a global government first cost of the project and compares this expenditure with the cost of goldfield roads in California and Victoria colony, Australia. It then engages with the theory and practice of megaproject analysis in two ways. First, if offers a brief comparison of select primary sources concerning the Cariboo Wagon Road with some of the very different documents that support studies of major projects in the post-war period. It then deploys elements from the growing planning literature concerning megaprojects that allow analysis within the very constraints of the colonial sources. Such an endeavour illuminates some of the shortcomings and gaps in nineteenth-century calculations and understandings of the financial viability of the project.
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Harries, Jim. "Mission to the South, Words to the North: Reflections on Communication in the Church by a Northerner in the South". Exchange 36, n.º 3 (2007): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254307x205766.
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AbstractLimitations in the possibility of clear communication, even when the language in use (English) is supposedly international, form the foundation for this post-Jenkinsian view of the relationship between Southern and Northern churches today. Presented by a Northerner living in the South this perspective suggests that Northern domination of Southern Christianity (as well as of the South in general) is a threat to the Southern church. Colonial, and particularly post-colonial North/South relations aggravate corruption in the South, and promote a shallow imitation of Northern ways which forms a thin veneer over lives that are deeply rooted in magical/witchcraft worldviews. The widespread negative evaluation of Northern Christianity is here identified with a linguistic idiosyncrasy arising from the preeminence of secularism in the North. 'Southern English' makes different sense of the term 'religion'. Christianity is a way of life. Secularism is also a way of life, and it was its being omitted from Jenkins' look at the world religious scene that has given it a misleading singular status. Christianity is alive in the north, but needs a jerk to arrest its current injurious southwards impact.
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Marinelli, Maurizio. "Tianjin's Worldly Ambitions: From Hyper-Colonial Space to ‘Business Park’". Open House International 34, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2009): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2009-b0004.
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Between 1860 and 1945, the Chinese port city of Tianjin was the site of up to nine foreign-controlled concessions, functioning side by side. Rogaski defined it as a ‘hyper-colony’, a term which reflects Tianjin's socio-political intricacies and the multiple colonial discourses of power and space. This essay focuses on the transformation of the Tianjin cityscape during the last 150 years, and aims at connecting the hyper-colonial socio-spatial forms with the processes of post-colonial identity construction. Tianjin is currently undergoing a massive renovation program: its transmogrifying cityscape unveils multiple layers of ‘globalizing’ spatialities and temporalities, throwing into relief processes of power and capital accumulation, which operate via the urban regeneration's experiment. This study uses an ‘interconnected history’ approach and traces the interweaving ‘worlding’ nodes of today's Tianjin back to the global connections established in the city during the hyper-colonial period. What emerges is Tianjin's simultaneous tendency towards ‘world-class-ness’ and ‘China-class-ness’.
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Kujath, Jarosław. "Nationalism and the Postcolonial: from Edward Said’s Orientalism to Graham Huggan’s Postcolonial Exotic". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis-2019.v5i2-289.
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As interest in the field of postcolonial studies has grown in recent decades, the theoretical issues with which it is concerned have been applied to an increasing number of areas. As a branch of literary theory, it has provided one of the most important critical platforms for modern theorists and writers who attempt to address issues of cultural identity. However, the analytical potential of postcolonial theory has not gone unnoticed in other academic disciplines. In particular, research into global economics and politics has recognised its relevance to an understanding of the balance of world order and its political dynamics. As was earlier suggested, historians have also demonstrated an increased interest in the area of postcolonialism, particularly in terms of the challenge that it offers to received models of history.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the path along which postcolonial studies has travelled to recognise the differences between what used to be pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial, as Ashcroft et al would name it. The paper will discuss the main issues as postulated by the proponents of postcolonialism starting from Edward Said and finishing off with Graham Huggan. Particular attention will be paid to the notion of nationalism and how it provided the fuel to the subaltern (Spivak’s term) to make the colonial the post-colonial, that is, how to construct a new (national) identity in the former colonised.Key terms: postcolonial, nationalism, Edward Said, Graham Huggan
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Kujath, Jarosław. "Nationalism and the Postcolonial: from Edward Said’s Orientalism to Graham Huggan’s Postcolonial Exotic". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v5i2.p92-94.
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As interest in the field of postcolonial studies has grown in recent decades, the theoretical issues with which it is concerned have been applied to an increasing number of areas. As a branch of literary theory, it has provided one of the most important critical platforms for modern theorists and writers who attempt to address issues of cultural identity. However, the analytical potential of postcolonial theory has not gone unnoticed in other academic disciplines. In particular, research into global economics and politics has recognised its relevance to an understanding of the balance of world order and its political dynamics. As was earlier suggested, historians have also demonstrated an increased interest in the area of postcolonialism, particularly in terms of the challenge that it offers to received models of history.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the path along which postcolonial studies has travelled to recognise the differences between what used to be pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial, as Ashcroft et al would name it. The paper will discuss the main issues as postulated by the proponents of postcolonialism starting from Edward Said and finishing off with Graham Huggan. Particular attention will be paid to the notion of nationalism and how it provided the fuel to the subaltern (Spivak’s term) to make the colonial the post-colonial, that is, how to construct a new (national) identity in the former colonised.Key terms: postcolonial, nationalism, Edward Said, Graham Huggan
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Moore, James R. "The Role of Ethnicity in Social Studies Education: Identity and Conflict in a Global Age". Social Studies Research and Practice 3, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2008): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2008-b0003.
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This article examines the continued salience of ethnic identity and ethnic conflicts in world politics; this is especially important given the central role that ethnicity plays in world politics, especially many developing world countries. The author argues that teachers and teacher educators must understand the pivotal role that ethnicity continues to play in world politics, especially in post-colonial African and Asian societies. Teaching about global issues, such as the current war in Iraq, population patterns in the former Soviet Union, and the genocide in Sudan, requires a deep understanding of ethnicity and its major perspectives. Moreover, by adopting a non-linear perspective, students can understand that traditional societies will reassert their ethnic identities as they confront the powerful and dynamic forces of globalization. Finally, the article will establish the links between ethnicity and multicultural and global education, especially the National Council for the Social Studies major curriculum standards.
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Djagalov, Rossen, e Masha Salazkina. "Tashkent ‘68: A Cinematic Contact Zone". Slavic Review 75, n.º 2 (2016): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.75.2.279.
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AbstractThis essay seeks to reconstruct the history of the first Tashkent Festival of Cinemas of Asia and Africa (1968). It offers an account of the festival as a highly heterogeneous and productive site for better understanding the complex relationship between the Soviet bloc and the Third World in the crucial moment between the victory of post-colonial independence movement and the end of the Cold War.
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Hong, Jong-Wook. "Decolonization of Colonial Studies : Korea-Japan Joint Research on Korean Modern Economic History in the Late 1980s". Korean Association For Japanese History 59 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 51–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2022.12.59.51.
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In the 1980s, Korea achieved economic growth and democratization. Changes in Korean society came along with the global post-Cold War era. Japanese critical intellectuals tried to interpret the changes in Korean society. Satoru Nakamura, a Marxist historian, paid attention to the development of Korea and presented a new world history statue based on semi-developed capitalism theory. Hideki Kajimura, who led the study of modern Korean historiography based on the theory of immanent development, explained Korea as peripheral capitalism that develops dependently. Until the mid-1980s, South Korean critical economist Ahn Byeong-jik adhered to the theory of colonial semi-feudal society that denied Korea’s capitalist development. In 1985, with Ahn Byeong-jik’s study in Japan, a Korea-Japan joint research was planned to explore the historical conditions of Korean economic development. Critical intellectuals from both countries put their heads together for the first time and discussed repeatedly to historicize the colonial experience. Decolonization is possible by facing and historicizing the colonial experience. Ahn Byeong-jik accepted Nakamura’s semi-developed capitalism theory in the course of his joint research. However, this joint research cannot be simplified as the origin of colonial modernization theory. The Korea-Japan joint research on the history of Korea’s modern economy can be positioned as the starting point of the colonial research that began in earnest after the 1990s in that it attempted various empirical and theoretical analyses.
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Conway, Janet M. "Troubling transnational feminism(s): Theorising activist praxis". Feminist Theory 18, n.º 2 (31 de março de 2017): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700117700536.
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This article identifies a misfit between transnational feminist networks observed at the World Social Forum and the extant scholarship on transnational feminism. The conceptual divide is posited as one between transnational feminism understood, on the one hand, as a normative discourse involving a particular analytic and methodological approach in feminist knowledge production and, on the other, as an empirical referent to feminist cross-border organising. The author proposes that the US-based and Anglophone character of the scholarship, its post-structuralist and post-colonial genealogies and the transnational paradigm’s displacement of area studies can be seen as contributing to the misfit. The article concludes by arguing for theoretical reconsideration of activist practice, place and the ‘posts’ – post-structuralism and post-colonialism – in the study of contemporary transnational feminist activisms. This marks an effort to get beyond the binary framework of ‘transnational feminism’ versus ‘global sisterhood’ in analysing activist practices within an increasingly diverse and complex transnational feminist field.
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Ceci Misoczky, Maria. "World visions in dispute in contemporary Latin America: development x harmonic life". Organization 18, n.º 3 (maio de 2011): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508411398730.
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The aim of this article paper is to offer a Latin-American perspective on the field of post-colonial studies. Following the modernity/coloniality/de-coloniality approach it is possible to recognize how the complicity between modernity and rationality has worked to homogenize knowledge throughout this part of the world. Such an approach makes it possible to reflect on how this process towards homogeneity has been resisted, as seen in the current indigenous struggles against extractive development policies. These struggles show that the various critiques of development need to be articulated and renewed in order to account for processes such as these, incorporating multiple scales perspectives and knowledge produced from the epistemic colonial difference. The critique of managerialism also needs further developments to account for the new roles of management in contexts of open conflict. It is defended that the re-consideration of Marxist Theory of Dependency could enrich the way we understand global capitalism and that at least part of OS could be liberated from the hegemony of management, opening possibilities for multiple interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogues.
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Yillah, Dauda. "Patrick Grainville's Black African World: Dismantling or Bolstering Cultural Binarisms?" Nottingham French Studies 58, n.º 1 (março de 2019): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2019.0237.
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This article examines the cross-cultural perspective offered by the metropolitan French author Patrick Grainville in his novels Les Flamboyants and Le Tyran éternel, set each in a fictional post-1960 independent black African state. In doing so, it identifies an inherent contradiction in the vision and argues that, while setting out to celebrate cultural difference, Grainville ends up paradoxically, if perhaps unwittingly, reasserting the supremacy of the cultural self. The article does not seek to discredit entirely Grainville's cross-cultural endeavour, but does not attempt to overrate it either. Rather it shows how, writing in a post-imperial European historical context of the mid-1970s and the late 1990s, Grainville breaks with colonial modes of cross-cultural perception but only to restate in certain respects the cultural assumptions that tend to underpin those modes of apprehending cultural difference.
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Škobla, Daniel. "Cinematic Representation of the Roma’s Social Position and Mobility: A Comparative Analysis of Two Czech and Slovak Feature Films". Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology 68, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/se-2020-0022.
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Abstract The focus of this article is on two Czech and Slovak films, My Friend Fabián (Můj přítel Fabián, 1955) and Gypsy (Cigán, 2011). While the former emerged in the 1950s, in the period of socialist industrialisation, the latter was released in the period of post-socialist consolidation of capitalism. Theoretically this article relies on a mix of approaches from film studies, social anthropology, post-colonial studies and archival research. The central research question is how cinematic representation of Roma were approached in the past and how they have changed over time. The film My Friend Fabián is replete with colonial tropes of uninhibited dancing, singing and exotica stereotypes and depicts imaginary Roma as incompetent individuals who are subject to the paternalistic care of the White socialist functionaries. At the same time this film presents a viable model for Roma integration and social advancement via education and full-fledged integration into the working class. In contrast, the film Gypsy is much more respectful towards Roma, contemporary performers and characters are real Roma and their film destinies are realistic. But the world that surrounds film characters is the world of total racial exclusion, which offers no hope and no prospects whatsoever for Roma and their social advance.
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Rose, Sonya O. "Race, empire and British wartime national identity, 1939–45*". Historical Research 74, n.º 184 (1 de maio de 2001): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00125.
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Abstract Britain's self-portrait as a democratic and paternalistic imperial nation was persistently undermined by the contradictory repercussions of racial divisiveness. The consequences of racism in both the metropole and in the colonies threatened the metropole-colonial relations so fundamental to British imperial sensibilities. Thus, government officials were involved throughout the war in repairing Britain's reputation with its imperial subjects. Using evidence from Colonial Office and Ministry of Information files, this article contributes to historical understanding of the empire's place in British national identity in the World War II years. It suggests the extent to which racism at “home” and in the colonies destabilized British efforts to bolster imperial loyalties that would persist into the post-war future.
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Kammen, Douglas, e Yingguihang Tian. "Polygamy in Timor-Leste". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 179, n.º 3-4 (4 de dezembro de 2023): 353–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10053.
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Abstract Demographic studies of polygamy have focused overwhelmingly on the so-called ‘polygamy belt’ in Africa and the Muslim world, and temporally on the past five decades, for which demographic and health surveys are available. Despite a wealth of anecdotal historical evidence, Southeast Asia has been overlooked in the study of polygamy. Drawing on unusually detailed colonial statistics on the collection of a polygamy tax introduced in 1923 and colonial and post-colonial census data, we reconstruct the prevalence of polygamy in Timor-Leste from the late nineteenth century until 2022. In contrast to findings in Africa that emphasize declining rates of polygamy, we find that polygamy has fluctuated across time, likely increasing between the late nineteenth century and the early 1930s, declining modestly during the final decades of colonial rule and the Indonesian occupation, and then rebounding since independence in 2002. We highlight monetization as a key factor explaining both temporal and geographic variation in the practice of polygamy.
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Gurbuz-Kucuksari, Gulsum. "Intellectual struggles of Kurdish ulema in a post-colonial world: the case of Mullah Ali Zile". Middle Eastern Studies 56, n.º 3 (18 de fevereiro de 2020): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2020.1725746.
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